FRACTIONS

I. Renaming Fractions
To reduce a fraction to lowest terms: Divide the numerator and the denominator by their Greatest Common Factor or GCF. Examples: a. Reduce to lowest terms. b. Reduce to lowest terms. (The GCF of 6 and 8 is 2.) (The GCF of 16 and 20 is 4.)

To change mixed numbers to improper fractions:

Multiply the whole number and the denominator. Add the product to the numerator. The sum will become the numerator with same denominator. a. b. (3 (6 5 = 15, 15 + 2 = 17, our new numerator ) 8 = 48, 48 + 3 = 51, our new numerator )

Examples:

To change improper fractions to mixed numbers:

Divide the numerator by the denominator. Write the reminder as the numerator with the denominator equal to the denominator of the improper fraction. a. b. ( ( ) )

Examples:

II. Operations of Fractions

To add/subtract fractions with Same denominator (called similar or like fractions): Add/subtract the numerators and copy the common denominator. Examples: a. b.

Different denominators:
Change to a common denominator. Add/subtract numerators and copy the common denominator. a. b. LCD = LCM 12 LCD = LCM = 18 We rename each fraction; that is, and and Therefore, Therefore,

Examples:

or 1

To add/subtract mixed numbers:

Add/subtract whole numbers separately, then Add/subtract fractional portions OR Change to improper fractions and proceed as in adding/subtracting fractions. Examples: a. b.

To multiply fractions:
Cancel common factors (if any) of numerator and denominator Multiply numerators and multiply denominators. a. b. c. ( (Change each mixed number to improper fraction.) )

Examples:

To divide fractions:
Invert the divisor and proceed as in multiplying fractions. a. b. ( ) Examples:

III. Comparison of Fractions

To compare fractions: For any a, b, c, d , b, d If , then ad > bc. Examples: a. _____ b. _____ The cross-products are 25 and 28, and 25 is less than 28, so The cross-products are equal, so . .

Exercises
I. Renaming Fractions Reduce the following fractions. ___________ 1. __________ 3. __________ 5. __________ 7. __________ 9. ____________ 2. ____________ 4. ____________ 6. ____________ 8. ____________ 10.

Change the following improper fractions to mixed fractions. ____________ 11. ____________ 13. ____________ 15. ____________ 17. ____________ 19. ____________ 12. ____________ 14. ____________ 16. ____________ 18. ____________ 20.

Change the following mixed numbers to improper fractions. ____________ 21. 1 ____________ 23. ____________ 25. ____________ 27. 4 ____________ 29. II. ____________ 22. ____________ 24. ____________ 26. 4 ____________ 28. ____________ 30.

Operations of Fractions Find the sum of the following fractions. Express all answers in simplest form. ____________ 31. ____________ 33. ____________ 35. ____________ 37. ____________ 39. ____________ 32. ____________ 34. ____________ 36. ____________ 38. ____________ 40.

Subtract all the following fractions. Express all answers in simplest form. ____________ 41. ____________43. ____________ 45. ____________ 47. ____________ 49. ____________ 42. ____________ 44. ____________ 46. ____________ 48. ____________ 50.

Add or subtract the following mixed numbers. Express all answers in simplest form. ___________ 51. ___________53. ___________ 55. ___________ 57. ___________ 59. ____________ 52. 8 ____________ 54. ____________ 56. ____________ 58. ____________ 60. 6

Multiply or/ and divide. Express all answers in simplest form. __________ 61. __________ 63. __________ 65. ____________ 62. ____________ 64. ____________ 66.

__________ 67. __________ 69. __________ 71. __________ 73. __________ 75. ( III. ) ( ) ( )

____________ 68. ____________ 70. ____________ 72. ____________ 74. ( ) ( )

Comparison of Fractions Compare the following fractions. Write >,<, or =. ____________ 76. ____________ 78. ____________ 80. ____________ 82. ____________ 84. ____ ____________ 77. ____________ 79. ____________ 81. ____________ 83. ____________ 85.

Applications
Solve the following problems. ____________ 86. Ralph carried two bags of groceries. One weighed kilograms. What was the total weight of the bags? ____________ 87. A recipe calls for 2 cups of orange juice and juice are needed together? ____________ 88. Lara grew cm in one year and cm the next year. How many centimeters did she grow in the two years? ____________ 89. A cylinder was full of liquid. 26 L more of liquid was poured into it to make it full. How full? much more liquid needs to be added to make the container ____________ 90. A rope, kilograms, and the other weighed cups of lemon juice. How many cups of

m long, is cut into 7 equal parts. How long is each piece?

____________ 91. A bag of tomatoes weighs an average of of a kilogram. How many kilograms will bags weigh? ____________ 92. A family earns P35,000 a month and spends of it for the house rental, of it for food and groceries, and of it for other bills. How much does the family spend and save? ____________ 93. Rina bought a piece of ribbon from a store. She used of it for a gift, of it for tying flower bouquets, and the remaining piece which is 35 cm long for tying her hair. How long was the original piece of ribbon. ___________ 94. Twenty-two dozens of eggs are to be placed on equal-sized racks. How many racks are needed if one rack can hold dozens of eggs. ____________ 95. A balut vendor initially had 4 dozens of balut. My brother bought met a friend and gave of it. Along the way, he of the of what he bought. Hurrying up to get home, he tripped and broke 2

of the balut he had. How many balut were left for my brother if he gave me undamaged balut?