Here is a list of practical vocabulary words that will enable you to read with better understanding and write

with greater accuracy. Unlike lists that emphasize strange and impressive words that few people actually use, this list emphasizes words that are useful for your functional vocabulary. For your convenience, each word has been linked to definitions at Dictionary.com. At the end of the list are some tips for building your vocabulary. Why Build Your Vocabulary? Shades and Degrees of Meaning. It has been said that no two words mean exactly the same thing--that synonyms are words that mean only approximately the same thing. At the heart of this claim is the truth that words of similar meaning allow the user to express shades of meaning. Think, for example, how many words express shades of brown: tan, sand, beige, champagne, ecru, taupe. Or suppose someone buys you an iPod or some other mp3 player. You might describe yourself as happy, pleased, joyful, or thrilled. But now suppose someone buys you a new car, such as a sporty red convertible. Now you might describe yourself as ecstatic or enraptured or exhilirated. You need to have words that all mean happiness to some degree, but that allow shades or degrees of meaning. Otherwise, you would be stuck with "a little happy," "very happy," "extremely happy." Exactness of Meaning. Having just the right word that closely expresses your meaning enables you to communicate more clearly. Was the smell an odor, an aroma, a stink? Just saying, "There was a smell in the room," doesn't provide an indication of how you reacted to it. Was it a good or bad smell? Check a synonym dictionary: smell ranges from fragrance to stench, including scent, odor, redolence, bouquet, malodorousness, fetid, and so on. Each word provides a more exact descriptor than merely the word smell. Clarification of a concept. Sometimes a single word does not present the exact idea you have in mind. One way to clarify what you are thinking is to use more than one word--here again we touch on synonmys that are approximate in meaning--to describe the idea. Each time you refer to the idea or thing with a different word, your reader's conception of it gets more specific and clearer. Jane is obstreporous. Is she also implacable when something goes wrong? At least she doesn't grow acrimonious when we disagree.

How Many Words Should You Know? Estimates of a person's working vocabulary vary widely, but it seems that most people use only about 2,000 to 3,000 different words. A college graduate might use 5,000 to 6,000, while both those with and without a college degree can recognize and understand at least twice as many words as they normally use. Imagine, then, how much of an addition 1,062 more words will be to a working vocabulary of 2,000 to 3,000 or even to a words-recognized-and-understood vocabulary of twice that. A few years ago, I conducted some computer analyses of literary works to learn more about the vocabulary of various writers. The table below shows the number of words in each work, the vocabulary of the work (that is, the total number of different words used), and the number of words used only once in the work. Total Words in Work 186,981 103,803 123,555 121,632 46,472 187,123 72,043 346,973 Total Different Words (Vocabulary or V) 12,662 8,183 6,928 6,100 6,189 10,952 7,001 12,948 Words Used Only Once (V1) 5,274 3,489 2,827 2,348 3,110 4,677 3,333 4,866

Author and Work Charlotte Bronte Jane Eyre Jonathan Swift Gulliver's Travels Jane Austen Pride and Prejudice Daniel Defoe Robinson Crusoe Stephen Crane Red Badge of Courage Charles Dickens Great Expectations George Eliot Silas Marner Henry Fielding Tom Jones

Notice here that if you subtract the words used only once from the vocabulary, most of these works have working vocabularies of 3,000 to 5,000 words (which explains why ten- and twelve-year-olds read them with a good degree of understanding). Conclusion: Adding the 1,062 words below to your working vocabulary can add dramatically to your verbal power. You don't need to learn tens of thousands of the more than onemillion words in English. So, enjoy the 1062 word vocabulary list on the