Pge 361

Relative Permeability Concepts
PGE 361 Reservoir Rock Properties Delivered By: Eng. Abdulbari A. Arefi
Relative Permeability y Concepts p

L t Lecture Outline O tli

Effective and relative permeability Two phase relative permeability

a) drainage process b) imbibition process c) two phase relative permeability correlations d) relative permeability from capillary pressure data e) relative permeability from analytical equations
Relative Permeability y Concepts p

L t Lecture Outline O tli

Relative permeability ratio Dynamic pseudo pseudo-relative permeabilities Normalization and averaging relative permeability data Laboratory determination of relative permeability Use of effective and relative permeability
Two Phase Relative Permeability Correlations:

Generate the drainage relative permeability data for an unconsolidated well-sorted sand by using the Wyllie and Gardner method. Assume the following critical saturation values: Soc = 0.3, Swc = 0.25, Sgc = 0.05
Example
Sorting from Capillary Data
well sorted fine
unsorted
poorly sorted slightly coarse
well sorted coarse
well sorted
poorly sorted slightly fine

Example

Generate the oil-water relative permeability data by applying Equation 5-4 in conjunction with Equation 5-2, to give:
Solution
Example
Two Phase Relative Permeability Correlations: Solution

Apply Equation 5-7 in conjunction with Equation 5-1 to generate relative permeability data for the gas-oil system.
Example
Two Phase Relative Permeability Correlations: Solution

Using Pirsons Pirson s correlation for the water-oil system system.
Two Phase Relative Permeability Correlations: Example Solution

Use Corey Coreys s approximation to generate the gas-oil relative permeability for a formation with a connate water saturation of 0.25.
Relative Permeability From Capillary Pressure Data:

The laboratory capillary pressure curve for a water-oil system between the connate water saturation and a water saturation of 100% is represented by the following linear equation: Pc = 22 - 20 Sw The e connate co ate water ate saturation satu at o is s 30% 30%. Using Wyllie and Gardner methods, generate the relative permeability p y data for the oil-water system. y
Example
Relative Permeability From Capillary Pressure Data: Solution

Step 1. Integrate the capillary pressure equation, to give:

Step 2. Evaluate the above integral at the following limits:

Step 3. Construct the following working table:
Relative Permeability From Analytical Equations:

This Figure schematically h ti ll illustrate ill t t the key critical saturations and the corresponding relative permeability values for Water-oil system that are used in the previous analytical Equations.

This Figure schematically h ti ll illustrate ill t t the key critical saturations and the corresponding relative permeability values gas-oil system that are used in the previous analytical Equations.
Relative Permeability From Analytical Equations: Example

Using the analytical expressions of Equations 5-225-27, 5-225-27 generate the relative permeability and capillary pressure data. The following information on the water-oil and gas-oil systems is available: Swc = 0.25 Sgc = 0.05 Sorw = 0.35 Sorg =0.23
(kro)Swc = 0.85 (krw)Sorw = 0.4 (Pc)Swc = 20 psi (kro)Sgc = 0.60 (krg)Swc = 0.95 no = 0.9 np = 0.71 Slc = 30 psi nw = 1.5 ngo = 1.2 ng = 0.6 (pc) npg = 0.51
Relative Permeability From Analytical Equations: Solution

Step 1. Calculate residual liquid saturation Slc.
Slc
= Swc + Sorg = 0.25 0 25 + 0.23 0 23 = 0.48 0 48

Step 2. Generate relative permeability and capillary pressure data for oil water system by applying Equations 5-22 through 5-24.

Step 3. Apply Equations 5-25 through 5-27 to determine the relative permeability and capillary data for the gas-oil system.
Relative Permeability Ratio

The relative permeability ratio expresses the ability of a reservoir to permit flow of one fluid as related to its ability to permit flow of another fluid under the same circumstances. The two most useful permeability ratios are krg/kro the relative permeability to gas with respect to that to oil and krw/kro the relative permeability to water with respect to that to oil, it being understood that both q quantities in the ratio are determined simultaneously y on a given system. The relative permeability ratio may vary in magnitude from zero to infinity.

Because the wide range of the relative permeability ratio values, the p permeability y ratio is usually plotted on the log scale of semilog paper as a function of the saturation. Like many relative permeability ratio curves, the central or the main portion of the curve is quite it linear. li

This Figure shows a plot of krg/kro versus gas saturation. It has become common usage to express the central straight-line portion of the relationship in the following analytical form:
The constants a and b may be determined dete mined by b selecting the coordinate of two different points on the straight-line portion of the curve and substituting in the above Equation.

The resulting two equations can be solved simultaneously for the constants a and b. b
Point 1: at Sg = 0.2, krg/kro = 0.07 Point 2: at Sg = 0.4, , krg/k / ro = 0.70
Imposing the two points on the above Equation gives: 0.07 = a e0.2b 0.70 = a e0.4b
Solving g simultaneously yg gives: The intercept a = 0.0070 The slope b = 11.513

Solving simultaneously gives: The intercept a = 0.0070 The slope b = 11.513

In a similar manner, this figure shows a semilog plot of kro/krw versus water saturation. The middle straight-line portion of the curve is expressed by a relationship similar to that of Equation 5-28
where the slope b has a negative value.

- Dynamic pseudo-relative permeabilities:
Relative Permeability Concepts22

- Normalization and averaging relative permeability data:

- Laboratory determination of relative permeability:
Relative Permeability Concepts24

- Use of effective and relative permeability:
1 2

- Three phase relative permeability:

a) three phase relative permeability correlations:
Relative Permeability Concepts p 23
Lecture 24-continue
REFERENCES: Ahmed, Tarek : Reservoir Engineering Handbook-Ch.5: Relative Permeability Concepts Second Edition Concepts, Edition, Gulf Professional Publishing, 2001.
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Amyx, James : Petroleum Reservoir Engineering, 1960-Ch-3

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Relative Permeability Concepts

Relative Permeability y Concepts p

Effective and relative permeability Two phase relative permeability

Relative Permeability y Concepts p

Two Phase Relative Permeability Correlations:

Two Phase Relative Permeability Correlations:

Two Phase Relative Permeability Correlations:

Two Phase Relative Permeability Correlations:

Two Phase Relative Permeability Correlations:

Two Phase Relative Permeability Correlations:

Two Phase Relative Permeability Correlations:

Two Phase Relative Permeability Correlations:

Two Phase Relative Permeability Correlations:

Sorting from Capillary Data

well sorted fine

poorly sorted slightly coarse

well sorted coarse

poorly sorted slightly fine

Two Phase Relative Permeability Correlations:

Two Phase Relative Permeability Correlations: Solution

Two Phase Relative Permeability Correlations: Solution

Two Phase Relative Permeability Correlations:

Two Phase Relative Permeability Correlations: Example Solution

Relative Permeability From Capillary Pressure Data:

Relative Permeability From Capillary Pressure Data:

Relative Permeability From Capillary Pressure Data:

Relative Permeability From Capillary Pressure Data:

Relative Permeability From Capillary Pressure Data: Solution

Relative Permeability From Capillary Pressure Data: Solution

Relative Permeability From Capillary Pressure Data: Solution

Relative Permeability From Analytical Equations:

Relative Permeability From Analytical Equations:

Relative Permeability From Analytical Equations:

Relative Permeability From Analytical Equations:

Relative Permeability From Analytical Equations:

Relative Permeability From Analytical Equations:

Relative Permeability From Analytical Equations: Example

Relative Permeability From Analytical Equations: Solution

= Swc + Sorg = 0.25 0 25 + 0.23 0 23 = 0.48 0 48

Relative Permeability From Analytical Equations: Solution

Relative Permeability From Analytical Equations: Solution

Relative Permeability Ratio

Relative Permeability Ratio

Relative Permeability Ratio

Relative Permeability Ratio

Relative Permeability Ratio

Relative Permeability Ratio

where the slope b has a negative value.

Relative Permeability Concepts

Relative Permeability Concepts

Relative Permeability Concepts

Relative Permeability Concepts

Relative Permeability Concepts22

Relative Permeability Concepts

Relative Permeability Concepts

Relative Permeability Concepts

Relative Permeability Concepts

Relative Permeability Concepts

Relative Permeability Concepts

Relative Permeability Concepts

Relative Permeability Concepts

Relative Permeability Concepts