Page1 of 7 Experiment 1 LOGIC GATES OBJECTIVE The student will become familiar using the following:a . P r o t o t yp i n g b o a r d (breadboard) b . D i g i t a l I C s c . R e a d i n g a s c h e m a t i c d i a g r a m d .

W i r i n g a c i r c u i t Study the logical operations of Logic Gates NOT Gate . This is also known as the Inverter. The output is highwhen both inputs are low. The output is low when one or both inputs are high. AND Gate . This gate performs logical multiplication commonlyknown as the AND function. The output is high when both the inputs are high.The output is low level when any one of the inputs is low. OR Gate. The gate performs a logical addition commonly known asthe OR function. The output is high when any one of the inputs is high. Theoutput is low level when both the inputs are low. EQUIPMENT Prototyping board (breadboard)DC Power Supply 5V or 9V BatteryLight Emitting Diode (LED) (3)Solid-core wire (gauge 22, 1 meter long)Digital ICs:7404 Hex Inverter 7408 Quad AND7432 Quad OR PROCEDURE The Prototyping BoardPrototyping boards are rows of connectors wired together behind a plasticface. Things you can stick into the little holes of prototyping boards include: wire (22 gauge solid-core is typical) resistor leads (1/4 or 1/8 Watt is typical) leads for transistors, capacitors, diodes, etc. ICs (the hole spacing is made for DIP [dual-inline package]chips)

Page2 of 7 Figure 1. The Prototyping Board (or Breadboard)Figure 2. Wiring Connection of Prototyping Board

Isolating the half-part of the board (see Figure 2), you will see the wiringconnections of the holes. The lower part which consists of two rows is connectedhorizontally while the upper part is connected vertically.

Page3 of 7 NOT GATE 1. Assign lines for the + and terminals of your breadboard. Cut two (2) sufficient lengths(around 10 cm) of wire and insert these to the breadboard. These will serve as lines to power supply as you apply the battery.2. Snugly fit 7404 at the center of the breadboard separating the two sets of the 7 side pins of the IC.3. Connect pin 7 (ground) by a wire to terminal line of the breadboard; pin 14 (Vcc) tothe + terminal line.4. Cut enough length of wire that can beadjustably connected to + and terminal lines of the breadboard. Insert the first end of the wire atthe hole connected on pin 1 and the other end at+ terminal line of the breadboard.5. Insert the longer pin of the LED to the hole connected to pin 2 and the shorter pinto terminal line of the prototyping board.6. Connect the battery to the prototyping board. What was the output in the LED?Did it light? ___________________________________________________________ _______ 7. Remove the wire connecting pin 1 to + terminal. Change it to pin1 to terminalline. What was the output in the LED? Did it light? ___________________________________________________________ __________ _____________________________________________________

________________ _______________________________________________ ______________________ Figure 3. Hex Inverter PIN DiagramFigure 4. LED SymbolFigure 5. Light Emitting Diode (LED) Terminals

Page5 of 7 15. Insert the longer pin of the LED to the hole connected to pin 3 and the shorter pinto terminal line of the prototyping board.16. Connect the battery to the prototyping board. What was the output in the LED?Did it light? ___________________________________________________________ __ 17. Make input alternate combinations for pin 1 and 2: one connected to + terminalline and the other to negative terminal. You should make four input combinations inall. Everytime you connect the input pins (1 or 2) to + terminal, code this as HIGH or 1; LOW or 0 if connected to negative terminal. Tabulate

the output of the LED.INPUTSP i n 1 P i n 2 OUTPUT(Pin 3)00011011 Table 3 18. Draw the schematic symbol of an AND gate with x and y as inputs and z as theoutput.19. How many AND gates do we have in an 7408? ___________ 20. Identify the INPUTs and OUTPUTs pin number of the 7408 quad 2-input ANDgate from the given table:INPUTPINOUTPUTPIN Table 4

Page6 of 7 OR GATE 21. Snugly fit 7432 at the center of the prototyping board separating the two sets of the 7 side pins of the IC.22. Repeat step 13 through 1523. Connect the battery to the prototyping board. What was the output in the LED?Did it light? _________________________________ 24. Repeat step 17.INPUTSP i n 1 P i n 2 OUTPUT(Pin 3)00011011 Table 5 25. Draw the schematic symbol of an OR gate with x and y as inputs and z as the output.26. How many OR gate do we have in an 7432? ___________ 27. Identify the INPUTs and OUTPUTs pin number of the 7432 quad 2-input ANDgate from the given table:INPUTPINOUTPUTPIN Table 6Figure 7. Quad OR PIN Diagram

Page7 of 7 28. Based from the results of the experiment, what general rule can you apply for NOT ________________________________________________________ _____________ __________________________________________________ ___________________ AND GATE __________________________________________________________

___________ ____________________________________________________ _________________ OR GATE __________________________________________________________ ___________ ____________________