OSPF Troubleshooting

Cisco CCNP ROUTE Training

Instructor: Joe Rinehart, CCIE #14256

OSPF Troubleshooting Cisco CCNP ROUTE Training

In This Lesson:
Troubleshooting Model Common Issues and Resolution Steps Relevant Debug and Show Commands Dealing with Cisco TAC

OSPF Troubleshooting Cisco CCNP ROUTE Training

Troubleshooting Model
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. Define the Problem Gather the Facts Document the Facts Consider the Possibilities Create an Action Plan Implement the Action Plan Repeat Until Resolution Document the Solution

OSPF Troubleshooting Cisco CCNP ROUTE Training

Troubleshooting Model
Problem Resolution Methodology

OSPF Troubleshooting Cisco CCNP ROUTE Training

Common Issues and Resolution Steps

1. Neighbor Relationship Problems 2. Routes Missing from Table 3. Address Summarization Problems

OSPF Troubleshooting Cisco CCNP ROUTE Training

Common Issues and Resolution Steps

R6

OSPF Area 0

OSPF Area 79
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VLAN 79

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706

607

608

Frame Relay WAN

806

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807

R7

Backbone

VLAN 910

R10

OSPF Area 8 (Stub)

OSPF Area 910

Neighbor Relationship Problems Neighbor Not Establishing Relationship Possible Cause: Desired interfaces configured as passive Alternatively execute the show ip protocols and look for PassiveInterface(s) entry Delete the passive-interface command R8 Possible Cause: Misconfigured neighbor authentication Execute the show ip ospf interface command to if authentication is in use

OSPF Troubleshooting Cisco CCNP ROUTE Training

Common Issues and Resolution Steps

R6

OSPF Area 0

OSPF Area 79
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VLAN 79

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706

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Frame Relay WAN

806

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Backbone

VLAN 910

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OSPF Area 8 (Stub)

OSPF Area 910

Neighbor Relationship Problems Neighbor Not Establishing Relationship Possible Cause: Misconfigured neighbor authentication Execute the show runningconfig command to verify that both the ip ospf [key | message-digest-key] and ip ospf authentication [messageR8 digest] command are correct and in place and that keys match Add either or both statements with correct syntax if missing

OSPF Troubleshooting Cisco CCNP ROUTE Training

Common Issues and Resolution Steps

R6

OSPF Area 0

OSPF Area 79
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VLAN 79

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Frame Relay WAN

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Backbone

Neighbor Relationship Problems Neighbor Not Establishing Relationship Possible Cause: Misconfigured MTU values on neighbor interfaces Execute the show interface command and note the MTU output on all/both neighbors Enter interface configuration mode and equalize the MTU setting R8 using the ip mtu <bytes> command and/or set to defaults

VLAN 910

R10

OSPF Area 8 (Stub)

OSPF Area 910

OSPF Troubleshooting Cisco CCNP ROUTE Training

Common Issues and Resolution Steps

R6

OSPF Area 0

OSPF Area 79
R9

VLAN 79

?
706

607

608

Frame Relay WAN

806

708

807

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Backbone

VLAN 910

R10

OSPF Area 8 (Stub)

Neighbor Relationship Problems Neighbor Not Establishing Relationship Possible Cause: Primary subnets not matching Execute the show ip interface <slot/port> command to verify the primary IP address configured on the interfaces of affected devices R8 Change IP addressing if primary subnets are not on the same network/subnet

OSPF Area 910

OSPF Troubleshooting Cisco CCNP ROUTE Training

Common Issues and Resolution Steps

R6

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OSPF Area 79
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VLAN 79

?
706

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Frame Relay WAN

806

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Backbone

VLAN 910

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OSPF Area 8 (Stub)

OSPF Area 910

Neighbor Relationship Problems Neighbor Not Establishing Relationship Possible Cause: Multicast traffic being blocked between devices Execute the show ip interface and show access-list command to discover if any filtering is being done on the affected interfaces Add statements permitting R8 224.0.0.5/6 is necessary Execute show interface to determine if interface is up/up Replace cable or replace interface/device to resolve

OSPF Troubleshooting Cisco CCNP ROUTE Training

Common Issues and Resolution Steps

R6

OSPF Area 0

OSPF Area 79
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VLAN 79

?
706

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Frame Relay WAN

806

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R7

Backbone

VLAN 910

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OSPF Area 8 (Stub)

OSPF Area 910

Neighbor Relationship Problems Neighbor Not Establishing Relationship Possible Cause: Network statement misconfigured under OSPF Execute the show ip OSPF interface to discover if OSPF has correctly identified the interfaces Execute the show runningconfig to verify that the network R8 statements are correctly configured in OSPF Delete and recreate the network statements with the correct subnet and mask combinations

OSPF Troubleshooting Cisco CCNP ROUTE Training

Common Issues and Resolution Steps

R6

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OSPF Area 79
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VLAN 79

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Frame Relay WAN

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Backbone

VLAN 910

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OSPF Area 8 (Stub)

Neighbor Relationship Problems Possible Cause: Non-Broadcast Network Execute the show ip ospf interface to discover and note if the network type under the Network Type entry is identified as NON_BROADCAST Execute the show running-config command and verify if the neighbor <ip address> command is present R8 If the statement is missing, add the static neighbor <ip address> command on the DR/BDR routers

OSPF Area 910

OSPF Troubleshooting Cisco CCNP ROUTE Training

Common Issues and Resolution Steps

R6

OSPF Area 0

OSPF Area 79
R9

VLAN 79

?
706

607

608

Frame Relay WAN

806

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R7

Backbone

VLAN 910

R10

OSPF Area 8 (Stub)

OSPF Area 910

Neighbor Relationship Problems Possible Cause: Priority 0 configured Execute the show ip ospf neighbor to verify the configured priority of the neighbor (1 is default) If all neighbors are showing priority of 0, manually change the priority of the desired DR/BDR Possible Cause: Mismatched timers R8 Execute the show ip ospf interface and note the values of the Timer Intervals entry (Hello XX, Dead XX) Change values if they do not match

OSPF Troubleshooting Cisco CCNP ROUTE Training

Common Issues and Resolution Steps

R6

OSPF Area 0

OSPF Area 79
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VLAN 79

?
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Frame Relay WAN

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Backbone

VLAN 910

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OSPF Area 8 (Stub)

OSPF Area 910

Routes Missing from Table Possible Cause: Network statement misconfigured under OSPF Execute the show ip OSPF interface to discover if OSPF has correctly identified the interfaces Execute the show running-config to verify that the network statements are correctly configured in R8 OSPF Delete and recreate the network statements with the correct subnet and mask combinations

OSPF Troubleshooting Cisco CCNP ROUTE Training

Common Issues and Resolution Steps

R6

OSPF Area 0

OSPF Area 79
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VLAN 79

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Frame Relay WAN

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VLAN 910

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OSPF Area 910

Routes Missing from Table Possible Cause: Default route misconfigured Execute the show ip route to discover if a static route to 0.0.0.0 exists Execute the show running-config to verify that the redistribute static and default-information originate R8 statements are correctly configured in OSPF Add the statements if they are missing from the configuration

OSPF Troubleshooting Cisco CCNP ROUTE Training

Common Issues and Resolution Steps

R6

OSPF Area 0

OSPF Area 79
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VLAN 79

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Frame Relay WAN

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Backbone

VLAN 910

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OSPF Area 910

Address Summarization Problems Possible Cause: No subnets in the routing table in the range of the summary address Execute the show ip route command to see if any networks within the range currently exist Execute the show running-config to verify that the ip area-range R8 and/or summary-address statement is correctly configured Delete and recreate the summary statement with corrections and/or find the cause of the missing route

OSPF Troubleshooting Cisco CCNP ROUTE Training

Common Issues and Resolution Steps

R6

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OSPF Area 79
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VLAN 79

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Frame Relay WAN

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VLAN 910

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OSPF Area 8 (Stub)

OSPF Area 910

Address Summarization Problems Possible Cause: Routers reside in a Stub/NSSA area Execute the show ip route command to see if any networks within the range currently exist Execute the ip ospf statement and look for the statement It is a stub area R8 This is normal behavior for stub areas (i.e., to suppress summary routes) Either change the area type or verify reachability of the area range or summary address

OSPF Troubleshooting Cisco CCNP ROUTE Training

Relevant Debug and Show Commands

1. OSPF Show Commands 2. OSPF Debug Commands

OSPF Troubleshooting Cisco CCNP ROUTE Training

Relevant Debug and Show Commands

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OSPF Area 910

OSPF Show Commands show ip protocols Data displayed by the command OSPF status and process-id Area types configured Protocols being redistributed Networks being advertised Neighbors/gateways R8 Helpful in troubleshooting: Neighbor relationships Missing routes Summarization issues Filtering problems

OSPF Troubleshooting Cisco CCNP ROUTE Training

Relevant Debug and Show Commands

R6

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OSPF Area 79
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VLAN 79

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Frame Relay WAN

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Backbone

VLAN 910

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OSPF Area 910

OSPF Show Commands show ip route ospf Data displayed by the command OSPF routes from neighbors Administrative distance Cumulative cost metric Route source/interface Helpful in troubleshooting: R8 Missing routes Summarization issues Filtering problems General troubleshooting

OSPF Troubleshooting Cisco CCNP ROUTE Training

Relevant Debug and Show Commands

R6

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OSPF Area 79
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Backbone

VLAN 910

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OSPF Area 8 (Stub)

OSPF Area 910

OSPF Show Commands show ip ospf interfaces Data displayed by the command Interfaces participating in OSPF Network type(s) Neighbor count Authentication type Timer values R8 Helpful in troubleshooting: Neighbor relationships Local configuration issues Routing problems

OSPF Troubleshooting Cisco CCNP ROUTE Training

Relevant Debug and Show Commands

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OSPF Area 79
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VLAN 910

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OSPF Show Commands show ip eigrp neighbors Data displayed by the command Active fully adjacent neighbors Router ID of neighbors IP address/interface of neighbors Dead time of neighbors Neighbor state/DR state R8 Helpful in troubleshooting: Neighbor relationships Local configuration issues

OSPF Area 910

OSPF Troubleshooting Cisco CCNP ROUTE Training

Relevant Debug and Show Commands

R6

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OSPF Area 79
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VLAN 79

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Frame Relay WAN

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Backbone

VLAN 910

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OSPF Show Commands show ip ospf database Data displayed by the command LSA types per area Advertising router Link ID (subnet) Age Helpful in troubleshooting: R8 Missing routes Filtering problems General troubleshooting

OSPF Area 910

OSPF Troubleshooting Cisco CCNP ROUTE Training

Relevant Debug and Show Commands

R6

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OSPF Area 79
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VLAN 79

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Frame Relay WAN

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VLAN 910

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OSPF Area 910

OSPF Show Commands show ip ospf border-routers Data displayed by the command Router ID Advertising router Area Whether an ABR or ASBR Cost to reach R8 Helpful in troubleshooting: Missing routes Filtering problems General troubleshooting

OSPF Troubleshooting Cisco CCNP ROUTE Training

Relevant Debug and Show Commands

R6

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OSPF Area 79
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VLAN 79

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VLAN 910

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OSPF Area 910

OSPF Show Commands show ip ospf Data displayed by the command OSPF process ID Configured areas Number/types of areas/ranges Configured area authentication Times SPF algorithm executed R8 Interfaces per area on router Helpful in troubleshooting: Missing routes Filtering problems General troubleshooting

OSPF Troubleshooting Cisco CCNP ROUTE Training

Relevant Debug and Show Commands

R6

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OSPF Area 79
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VLAN 79

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OSPF Area 910

OSPF Debug Commands debug ip ospf adjacency Debugging neighbor adjacencies Helpful in troubleshooting: Neighbor relationships Routing update issues Stub router problems debug ip ospf events R8 Debugging network events Helpful in troubleshooting: Routing update issues Convergence issues Interface flapping

OSPF Troubleshooting Cisco CCNP ROUTE Training

Relevant Debug and Show Commands

R6

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OSPF Area 79
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VLAN 79

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Frame Relay WAN

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EIGRP Debug Commands debug ip spf hello Debugging neighbor adjacencies Helpful in troubleshooting: Neighbor relationships Configuration issues DR/BDR election problems
R8

R7

Backbone

VLAN 910

R10

OSPF Area 8 (Stub)

OSPF Area 910

OSPF Troubleshooting Cisco CCNP ROUTE Training

Dealing with Cisco TAC

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Understanding TAC Severity Levels Opening a TAC Case Information to Have Ready Working the Case Actively TAC Case Etiquette

OSPF Troubleshooting Cisco CCNP ROUTE Training

Dealing with Cisco TAC

Understanding TAC 24x7x365 coverage for all Cisco product lines Located worldwide (primary sites): San Jose, CA Sydney, Australia Raleigh, NC Brussels, Belgium Attachment to open cases Entitlement tied to valid SMARTNet service contract

OSPF Troubleshooting Cisco CCNP ROUTE Training

Dealing with Cisco TAC

Severity Levels Severity 1 (S1): Your network or environment is down or there is a critical impact to your business operations. You and Cisco will commit all necessary resources around the clock to resolve the situation (use care when designating a situation as an S1, use escalation if resolution for S2/S3 is not proceeding as you need it to)

OSPF Troubleshooting Cisco CCNP ROUTE Training

Dealing with Cisco TAC

Severity Levels Severity 2 (S2): Operation of an existing network or environment is severely degraded, or significant aspects of your business operation are negatively affected by inadequate performance of Cisco products. You and Cisco will commit fulltime resources during normal business hours to resolve the situation

OSPF Troubleshooting Cisco CCNP ROUTE Training

Dealing with Cisco TAC

Severity Levels Severity 3 (S3): Operational performance of your network or environment is impaired while most business operations remain functional. You and Cisco are willing to commit resources during normal business hours to restore service to satisfactory levels Severity 4 (S4): You require information or assistance with Cisco product capabilities, installation, or configuration. There is little or no effect on your business operations

OSPF Troubleshooting Cisco CCNP ROUTE Training

Dealing with Cisco TAC

Opening a TAC Case By E-mail: tac@cisco.com On the web: http://www.cisco.com/techsupport/servic erequest By Phone: Asia Pacific +61 2 8446 7411 Australia 1 800 805 227 New Zealand 0800 44 6237 Europe +32 2 704 5555 US/Canada 1 800 553 2447

OSPF Troubleshooting Cisco CCNP ROUTE Training

Dealing with Cisco TAC

Information to Have Ready Must-Have Information Cisco Service Contract # Product/Chassis Serial # Product Model #/HW config Physical location of the product Severity Level of the Issue Very Helpful Information Accurate description of the issue (and succinct case title) History of the problem Network topology and explanation

OSPF Troubleshooting Cisco CCNP ROUTE Training

Dealing with Cisco TAC

Information to Have Ready Very Helpful Information Output from show tech command (if applicable) and all other relevant output Software versions and types of equipment Relevant syslog/TACACS+ logs before the issue occurred Working the Case Actively Send updates & information as requested Maintain regular communication Close the case when the issue is resolved

OSPF Troubleshooting Cisco CCNP ROUTE Training

Dealing with Cisco TAC

TAC Case Etiquette Treat the support engineer with courtesy and respect Realize that TAC is not a substitute for on-site staff Create separate TAC cases for each issue unless clearly linked Realize that you have control over the severity level Escalate to the TAC duty manager is you need to move the case along Pass along compliments to the support engineers supervisor

OSPF Troubleshooting Cisco CCNP ROUTE Training

Key Terms You Should Know

Cisco TAC Cisco Technical Assistance Center, the 24x7x365 help desk support system for customers using Cisco products S1 Severity TAC case severity in which the production network is down and in a critical state needing immediate resolution S2 Severity TAC case severity in which the production network is severely degraded with regards to performance S3 Severity TAC case severity in which the production network is impaired but relatively functional S4 Severity TAC case severity in which the production network is fully operational but assistance with information, configuration/installation guidance is required

OSPF Troubleshooting Cisco CCNP ROUTE Training

What We Covered
Troubleshooting Model Common Issues and Resolution Steps Relevant Debug and Show Commands Dealing with Cisco TAC