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    glue

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
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    Download as pdf or txt
    105 views4 pages

    Glue

    Uploaded by

    galati12345
    glue

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Flag for inappropriate content
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 4
    65 Fish Gelatin and Fish Glue 65.1. Introduction 65-1 65.2. Properties. 65-1 65.3. Applications 65-2 Remoistnable Coatings Gummed Tape» Photoresiss for Photochemical Machining» Dyed Patterns on Glis + Ceramic Sten letra! Insult Coatings « Plating Release Photographic Coatings » Gelatin Capeules Robert E. Norland 65.4 Conclusion, 65-4 Norland Products, Ine References. 5-4 * Temporary Protective nts Fish Gelatin in 65.1 Introduction Fish gelatin, or fish glue, is a proteinaceous material extracted from the skins of deep cold-water fish such as cod, haddock, and pollock. The skin and bone of all animals and fish contain collagen, which can be hydrolyzed in hot water and dilute acid to form soluble gelatin."> ‘The difference between gelatin and glue is in the extent of processing. A gelatin processed for photo graphic use would be exceptionally pure, of high molecular weight, and devoid of specific chemical impurities. An edible gelatin would be free of heavy metals, microorganisms, and any impurity that would make it unsuitable for human consumption. Inedible gelating oF glue does not require as much, refining and is suitable for industrial or adhesive applications, where less stringent requirements are found. Fish gelatin coatings are used in all these applications 65.2 Properties Fish gelatin is long chain protein molecule containing 20 different amino acids. 1 is amphoteric; that js, it can react as a base or acid. End groups include hydroxy, carboxy, and amino, Reactivity of each group will depend on the pH of the gelatin solution. For example, the reaction of phthalic anhydride With gelatin on the alkaline side will produce a gelatin that will precipitate at pH 4 Fish gelatin is insolubilized by the addition of salts of polyvalent cations such as ferric sulfate or chrome alum. This principle finds use in the light sensitivity of fish gelatin coatings containing bichromates ‘The action of ultraviolet light on the bichromated gelatin results in the formation of polyvalent chromium, ions that insolubilize the light-struck area, leaving the unexposed areas water soluble, ‘Aldehydes such as formaldehyde, glutaraldehyde, and glyoxal will insolubilize gelatin. The aldehydes react with the amino end groups, and this occurs more quickly on the alkaline side. 651 65.2 Coatings Technology Handbook, Third Edition Fish gelatin solutions are liquid at room temperature and, hence, make good coating vehiles. Many of the reactions above can be tailored so that water solutions can be coated and dried, and the dried. coating then becomes insoluble, Dried fish gelatin films are insoluble in organic solvents, but a water solution will tolerate water- ‘miscible solvents. The following ate tolerance levels of various solvents in 100 parts of 45% fish gelatin’ + Acetone, 25 parts + Ethyl alcohol, 50 parts + Methyl cellusolve, 95 parts + Dimethylformamide, 110 parts Dried fish gelatin coating will not soften at elevated temperatures and can withstand temperatures up to 260°C. Baking a high temperatures (<275°C) will insolubiliz gelatin coatings, but they can be stripped. with dilute caustic and by proteinaceous enzymes. ‘The following are typical properties of fish gelatin and glue’ “olor — clear, light amber + Solids — 45% in water + Viscosity at 20°C — 6000 to 8000 ep + Average molecular weight — 60,000 d + Gel point —5 10 10°C + Ash — 0.1% + pH 460054 65.3. Applications 65.3.1 Remoistenable Coatings: Gummed Tape Fish glue coatings are excellent for gummed tape, labels, and tags. The dried coating wets very easily and develops a tackiness that allows it to be bounded quickly to another surface. It is compatible with animal tle and can be added to increase the latter's tackiness ‘The addition of a humectant will reduce eutl of the coated paper. Glycerine, sorbitol, oF glycols are suitable. Use 5 to 10% based on dry weight. 65.3.2 Photoresists for Photochemical Machining Photochemical machining involves the manufacture of thin metal parts using a photoresist to image an. acid-resistant stencil on the metal sheet.” Photoengraving glue, a clarified fish gelatin i used as the base for a water-soluble photoresist.’ The advantage over using a solvent-type organic photoresist isthe ease of processing, as no organic solvents are required. Water solutions are used in the entite process. One suggested formula consists of 100 parts by weight, photoengraving glue (45%) 10 pasts by weight ammonium bichromate, and 125 to 200 parts by weight water. ‘The amount of water to be added can be varied to give a specific coating viscosity. A coating thickness of 0.15 t0 0.25 mil (4 to 6 um) is sufficient for etching cold rolled stel, stainless steel, and copper up t0 10 mil thickness. This coating is sensitive to ultraviolet light (300 to 400 nm) and will have a shelf life of 2 to 5 days, depending on solids and storage temperatures” (Care must be taken in the use of ammonium bichromate. It is listed as a hazardous chemical, and users must conform to environmental las. Untreated wastewater containing bichromate should not be discharged into the sanitary sewer or any other water supply. 65.3.3, Dyed Patterns on Glass Bichromated photoengraving flue images also have good adhesion to glass, These images can be dyed. using anionic water-soluble dyes. The same formulation given above ean be used, but viscosities must, Fish Gelatin and Fish Glue 65.3 be reduced to obtain a thickness of 0.10 mil (2.5 um). Images of 10 jum wide or less are possible, and. these can be reproduced very accurately. For very fine reticles on glas, silver wash-off emulsions can be made using fish gelatin, Silver chloride js precipitated in diluted fish gelatin by the dropwise addition of silver nitrate and sodium chloride. Upon completion, the emulsion is precipitated by the addition of 10% polystyrene sulfonate based on dey gelatin weight and adjustment to a pH 4. This precipitates the emulsion, and the remaining liquid containing dissolved salts is poured off. The emulsion is redissolved by neutralizing and sensitized by the addition of ammonium bichromate or an organic sensitizer such as 4,4"-diazidostilbene-2,2’—

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