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]n-Xo-co-% I-ko-. 1823 P-\o-m 1900
o- a-co- an-Om--tl- uan---d-c--cn-Wm F-?-]-u-?-In-c-\n-b ]-cn-a-fo-X
eo-uZ-f-ue-Z-]-7o-X. a-i-go Z-bn-\-
1824 P-\o-m 1883 a-c-W-t-. an-Om-
Pp-eo--Xo-w ]-Xo-t\--tIn-w !-l--an-^w.
a-i-go Z-bn-\- a-c-W-t-- e-gw
5-ho-p-I-co--t- "C-Uyn en-m C-m
Iyn Sp-m A-hm" F- 5-hw-K-o-t
-nw n-K-o 5-Xy--t-- H-
n-K--m, A-Xo A-u-iw n-gn-N-co-^nu\|-g-W-o- !-l-t--un E-uK|-Zw
-X Z-bn-\--n-gy--ao-I e-tc F-tn-
5-ubn-Kw \-S-K--m. A-Xn-b-Xm
a-i-go Z-bn-\--t a-c-W-e-g-o

X-t 5-ho-p-#-X-an-b r--n-K-odn-Wm Z-bn-\- ]-cn-a-fo-X-\n-=--Xm
F-m -So \nw a-\-o-dn--Ww. bn-Yno-Xo-I--tS --o Z-bn-\- -m 5-Y-a-K-W-\p-b-\n-Wm. r--o
a-tn-co-S-m A-u-iw A-Xm 5-Jyn-]o
-%---m. C-Xn-Wm H- ]-t n-c-X-N-co^-o-td B-uLn-g--jn -co--tuS-n- -2o-en-Zo-bn-b a-i-go Z-bn-\-t ]-co-ao-Xo-w f-2o-w. Bw-K-ud-b-ng--uS-w hw-n-c-o-t-w h|n-[p-\w
Z-bn-\--\o I-S--tN-o--o- F-
-B-u-]w a-i-go X-t f-2o-bn-bo
Xo-co--lo-o--. B-u-]w
A-u-i-o-t 5-e--\-t -n-c-Xo-t a-Bo an-^w H-H-o-\oo-bo-o- F--Xo- tX-jo-en-Wm --c-tS
5-ubn-Kw. cn-Pn-lnw uan-i-uln-bo-w
h|n-ao eo-ue-In-\--w, a-i-go A-c-eo-w G-km 5-hw-K--jo-td-w N-n
-eo-g-b-an-!-o-. C-uX - ]o-p-Sm
[p-cn-a-#--uZ-e-u\-w h|n-ao eo-ue-In-\-u\-w I-W-o-n-tX 5-fw-ho-%--m.
h|n-ao eo-ue-In-\--\n-I-t --c-tS A-t-o A--r-i-=w h|p-I-co-%--m.
a-lo-m uan---d-c---tc eo-a-fo-%--Xo
B-Zy-ta-K--e-co a-i-go Z-bn-\-
[-u-b-\n-Wm. H- ]-u an-Om--m
d-o-%- B-Zy hw--X-o-- F-?-Kw
a-i-go Z-bn-\--t ]- \o--an-Inw.
(A-Xm uI-f-_-N--th F-?-Xo-b-I-ntW-w ]-l-b-t--.) hw--X-n-g
C-w n-c-X-o Pp-eo-o-co-%- F-Xo-m tX-jo-en-bo an-Om- u]-cm ]-cn-afo-n-tX F-?-o-t\ 5-hw-K-o
F--m In---m.
-B-uLn-g--jn -co--t-uSn- -2o-en-Zo-bnb a-i-go-tb-
u]-co-dn-bo-- I-ko- 5-hn-[-I-%-loo-t -Jw, tX-o-\o-bo-td ]--!-o
\nw \o-o-b-Xm. -ao--tS B-uLn-g-tj A-e ]n-\-]n-^--jn-bo h|p-I-co-
-I-ko-o-co-%-. B ]n-\-]n-^-o-td
I-5-Xo-a-I-jn-bo B-e--tS -f|-c
5-Xo-~o-X-an-In-tX-bo-co--t F-m \-m B-Zn-Y-an-bo 5n-Yo-nw F-
e-N-\-=-an-bn-Wm. B-uLn-g--tj F-w
n-c-Xp-b C-w-t-o--. F-eo-tS-\o-ntW--lo-bo-t-o-w h-a- udn-I-o-w
-Jw--eo--t F- 5n-Y-\--an-bn-Wm
A-e F-w X-t B-uLn-g--tj
B-ln-o-\-b---Xm. A-- tIn-So-ub-ot B-c-e-o-\n-bo A-e -go-So-%-
-I-X-bn-Wm n-c-Xp-b-t Pp-eo-X-No--I.
A-eo-tS a-i-go Z-bn-\- D-b-K-
uNn-Zy--m -o A-e D--cw
uX-So-b-d-bn-lo-. In-c-Ww A-e-\-lo-bnw
A-Xo-t D--c--jo A-e--\-w-an-!en u]n-!--Xm A-e-t B-uLn-g--j-n
-Wm F-m. G-e-w \--m a-in-n-cn-Wm.
A-&--o-td H- a-in-\n-Wm Z-bn-\-w. X-t cn-{-o- hw--eo--tIn-o-co%- an---tj--o, e-cn-\o-co-%- a-n-tj--o F-nw F-nw F-^-ubn In-d-anbo A-e uI--tIn-o-co-%-. F-eo-tS
\nw H-S--Ww F--t\ \nw H-S--Ww
C-Xo-\n-bo No--I-tj h|--]o-%-un-uk%w A-Xn F-o A-- B-uLn-gw!
I-ko- F-^-ubn In-d-an-bo C-Xm hw--eo-tIn-o-co-%-.
-H--Zn-i-c-Ww \--m u\n-nw. udn-I
-o-td H- a-X-o-w A-e-In-f-t-en hn-[o-n- X-c-o n-c-Xp-b
5-#-Xo-uZ-e-X-I-tj -Po-%--e-\n-Wm.
In-w a-Cw a-d-w \-Zo-w tN-So-w a-c-=w
]n-w ]-o-w a--gy-w H-S-o-tb-nta-nw \--m uZ-e-n-cn-Wm. -P-\p-b-cnWm. \nw C-e-tb -Po-n-c--m. ]-t
H- \o-ao-gw \nw H- No-o- u\n-&,
\--tS -P-I -?-e A-e--tS
\n-f-o- In-c-W-an-!-o-u! Kw-Kn-\-Zo-tS \n-fw. F-o- uI-c-jp-b-t \o-j-w
]--w C-\o-w C-Xo-d-[o-Iw F-^ \-fon-\n-Wm. a-W-en-co \-fo-o-%--e
an-^-an-uWn \-fp-I-c-W-o-t
+xn 481 5
D--c-en-Zo-I. Xp-Yn-S-\w C-m n-c-Xo-td h-yn-ho-an--tS ey-e-hn-b-an-Wm.

f-_-co-a-d-bo-td-K- Y--h|n-ao-an--tS
ey-e-hn-b-]--Xo-I-tj \nw F-^-In-dw
In-Wn-tX u]n-!w. \--tS u-^--jotd !-j--jo--n-bo-- P-d-Nw-?-a-Whw-eo-[n-\--jo-t-eo-tS? In-=-I-jo-w
!-j--jo-w \o-d-\o-o-- B-en-h-eye--tb-eo-tS? A-e-tb B-cn-Wm X-Io-Sw
a-lo--Xm. u-^--jo-td ]n-N-I--c-I-jo
H- 5n-e-fy-ta-o-w I-S- tN--uf-gw
\nw h-an-[n-\-un---So 5-hn-Z--o-m
--\o--uan? C-e-bo G-Xm hw-eo-[n-\o-t -P-I-n-Wm \nw C-m -Pn-co-tS ]- c-fp-Xo-F--m Z-o-W-ubntSn-w \-n-tX--j-j-Xm. C-eo-tS-bn-Wm \nw
B-uLn-g--;-tS B-ln-o i-cw-tIn-=-e-cn-Wm F-m ]-l---Xm.
-C-tXn-w A-lo-bn--e-c- \nw.
H--c--n-1 -m a-i-go Z-bn-\-
N-H-[n-a-bn-^ I-ko-t-?-Xo-b e-co-Itj \nw F-^ [n-w-un- -So-bn-Wm
e-do-t-lo- I-j--Xm. I-ko- H--c-n-o -Kw-K-w io-an-d-b-=w \-o
\o-w I-e-t-- Pp-e--I-;-tS A-y\o-ao-g-. A-e t]-nko- I-C-\p-co
\o--in-b-X--tS ucn-Z-\-an-bo--o-
D-n-bo---Xm. a-lo-m X- eo-f|-ho-
-f|-c-u\n-- ]-I-bn-bo--. A-H-tIntn-w C-eo-tS H- -%w R--;-tS
ttZ-e-o- hw-o-eo-o- F-m D-l--e-w \--o-S-bo--m. A-e-cn-Wm e--
--tIn--u-m a-tn- Xp-Yn-S-\-uI-o-ud-m uan-n-Yo-I-;-an-bo bn-^-bn!-en te- tIn-=--Xm. uI-c-jp-b-t
]--\o-w ]-K--]-bo-d-[o-Iw A--h|n-ao-m d-o-o-t-tn-c-iw-In-cw uIc-jp-b--t-o-td-m? ]-j-\o-bo-td-K-
-2-\o \o-w H-cn-bo-cw tIn--b-So-%-Xo A-o-an-\w tIn-=- X-ao-k-w, Xo--Xo-b--t a-Bo-td tX---w, -Inw_o-I-bo-td I--Uo-I-w, go-Uo-bo-td
a-ln-To-w, H-uc I-e-]-o-I X-t.-
481 6 +xn
- ao
aow\w
\w Bg\nZw
- ey-e-hn-bw \o-d-n-Xn-Wm.
]-d-%w eo-g-a--n-ub-nw. a--bo-w
a-Zp-\-bo-w P-c-h-ud-ao-w Xp-Y-bn-^ H-S- a-m a-X---tS In-cy-ta-u ]-l-bn-Xm F-m B-u?-fo-u-nw. eo-L-S\-en-Zo-w -hw-n-c-eo-ucn-[o--an-bo -!-o-ub-nw, In-cy-ao-. D--cn-J-7o
\-w-an-b Pp-e--I-;-tS bn-^ \--tS -e-\-jo \o-w A- F---H tIn-nWm B -eo-[w \nw 5-Xo-I-co-%--Xm. -Z-bn\- \--m B-uLn-g--;-tS e-ko-I-tj
H-l--X--o-. In-c-Ww F-n B-uLng--;w D-e-e--;w \-u tIn--b-So-%-Xo-ud-n-bo ]v-ucn-io-Xyw I-t-ob-an-K- an-^-an-Wm. C-Xo B-ue-fw
tIn-=-I-w \--I-t-K-I-w tN-u-Xm C-m \--tS _n-[y-X-bn-bo-co-%-.
C-Xo-t\-Xo-tc-bn-Wm Z-bn-\- H--c-n-1 -m \-u Hn-m No-d In-cy-
!-lo-o--Xm. ô-In-d-n-\o-I-jn-Wm
E-go-an F-m A-w C-w P-\w I-X- cp-Xo-bo-dn-bo--o- B-b-Xo--
E-go-X|-o-t Z-bn-\--n-gyw. F-o-udn
A-u-i-o-t en-%-I C-w \-u
A-Zm-X-t--K--Xm A--u-iw \o-ug[o- ô-In-d-n-\-o-t E-go-X|-ndn-Wm. i-c-Z|n, h|-K-Z|n-c-an-Wm, uZ-e-ao-bn-Wm. i-Ip-tt]-Uo A-Y-en fo-e-t
I-S-eo n-\w tN-n F-n ]n-]--;w
H-ko-w. X-u]n-e-\-o Xn-a-ho-n
X-]-h|o-bn-!w. uZ-e-5-bn-K, Kw-uKn-ô-botd uKn--Jw, D--c-In-fo-bo Y--In-fo,
^--Kp-\n-cn-b-W C-e Xp-Y n-\-jn-Wm. uI-Zn-cw, _-Z-cp-\n-cn-b-Ww F-oeo-S--jo-td -P B-c-an-hw a--gy-w,
B-c-an-hw uZ-e-n-w \-S-K-. a-in-uZ-et -Jw u\-n-jo-dn-Wm, A-Xo-t\ ]-I-]Xo-tb- eo-jo-%-. #-~w uI-Zn-c-o-w,
Dv-- Hw-K-\n-Y-o-w ]n-Z- A-ac-\n-Y-o--an-Wm. C-eo-S--jo Z-f-\w,
-f-\w, n-\w F-o-e tN-n -2o
d-o-%-. uI-Zn-cw _-Z-co F-o-eo-S-jo \o-m h|-K-K u]n-I-W-ta-o
u]n-Inw. C--t\ ]-d I-Y-I-;w io-an-db-t hw-_-o-w Xp-Y-bn-^-I-tj

hw-_-o-w \nw F-^-ubn In-d-an-bo
uI--e---Xn-Wm. F-n F-n-Wm
h-Xyw i-c-Z|n-cw e-S- ]-e-X--joud-%- 5-ue-f-\ Z|n-c-an-Wm. i-Iptt]-Uo H- !-jo--S-eo-t ]-S-=-I-jn-Wm.
h-Xy-o A-Xm in-Umtt]-Uo (F-o
]-S-=-I) b-u^. F-t-n \n-Sn-b-\ntS-n-- a-co--e--tS F-;-I C-eo-tS-bnW-un ep-?--Xm. ]n-]w H-co--w I-?-Iobn Xp--I-bo-. A---eo--Xp-u ]-f.
X-u]n-e-\w F-t-o-w D-n-bo--o-conw. C-un-k-Xm o-E-e-\-an-Wm. X-u]n-e-\o u]n-bo ]n-%--H-tIn-m B-w
Xn-]-h-\n-!-o-. X-]- tN-bmtX-o-ud
B-. F-t-n A-eo-Sw I-w ]-l--
eyn-]n-co-I-;uS-w ey-e-hn-bo-I-;-uS-w
\n-Sn-Wm. A-e X-]-h|o-I-;-a- [-ao-~-a-. io-a-e-Xx 5--e-Xo Kw-Kn F-
5-ho--an-b tNn--;-m. ]-e-X-o-
-I-jo-\o-m P-dw H-?-!-. F-o-udn B
Kw-K--tS 5--e-n-\w uKn--J-o-t
B-#-Xo-bo-dn-Wm F-m ]-l--]-c-o-bHw 5-N-co-o--Hw ]-Ww ]o--o-I-jn-Wm.
B uKn--J-]-e-Xw B u]n--n--tS
h|-K-an-Wm. A-eo--t D--c-In-fow
a-ew [yn-\o-I-% ubn-Po--Xn-Wm. ]-u
I--e-S-n-%m A-eo-Sw A-Xo-w ta-t- I--e-S--dw X-t-bn-Wm. uZ-e5-bn-K-bo uZ-e-n e-ho-%-t--Xm
!-cn-W--;-tS ao-Yyn-h--+-an-Wm. A-eo-tS
A-j-I-\--w Kw-K-w hw-K-ao-%-t-
ao-Yy ]-l--]-c-o-bo-t-o A-eo-tS
B- u]n-In-w In-Wo--bo-Sn--an-Wm?
Y--In-fo-tb-tn-o-. A-H 5-ho--Info-bn-Wm. - -K--jn-- b---aw
ô--Kp-\n-cn-b-W-o-do-. H- ]-u
]-7-I-;-tS ]-o--]-H X-d--l-bn---H
In-w. C-Xm --[n-co-I-;-tS -a-!-7-=w
]n-o-I-;-tS u-^--jo-td A-lo-!-7-=w
h-Zn P|-do-%--H-u]n-td-ub D->. X-!-7-o-t In-cy-=w C--t\-X-t.
A-eo-tS ]-e-X-o-t D-n-Kw --]o-Soo-co-%-. A-Xo-ud H-?-Io e-- te-o-\m --m. A-Xo-\m A--K- !-7o-td P-dw D-]-co-X-d-o-ud-uXn, -Son-o-S-K-\o-m H-?-!--uXn B-I-bn
X--o-co-%-. uI-Zn-c-\n-Yw, A-Xo--c-an-b -d-an-Wm. A-eo-tS-w -Pn-coI-ujn A-e--tS fo-gy-n-ucn A--dw
]-Wo-H e-o--m. A-eo--t a-i--I-;w
-Pn-co-I-;w ]-7-I-;w eo-ue-I-J-\y-cn-b
]-W-n-co \o-m [-\-a-]-i-co-m eo-gbn-\--a-l-cn-!-. A-H-u]n-td _-Z-cp-\ncn-b-W-o-w N-Xo-b-n--tS H- ]-S-Xt--m. ln-e-Po-bn-Wm A-eo-S-t
-Jy. H-- \o-c-e-[o p-I-tj A-eo-tS
]-co-]n-do-%-. ]-I-]-Xo F-tn- u^-o- u]-co-m ]---Jo F- eo-r-it 5-Xo-~o-o--m. B-w uNn-Zo-n-\on-o-S-m C--cw I-jo-I-m Dv-ucw. F-n Xp-Y--jo-td B-;-I-uj-untd Cv ]-e-X-en-ho-I A-?-ao-I-ujn
[-\n-]-i-c-W-n-ucn A-. c-a-Wp-b-=w
]-eo-^-=-an-b -ao-bn-W-eo--u-Xm.
-F- an--an-Wm I-ko- H--c-f-Xnp-an-bo Xp-Yn-S-\--m D-n-boe--Xm. ugn-o-m an-;-I-;-uS-w, _{-p
]n-d-c-I-;-uS-w F-B-o-- e--\ubn-tSn-w, t]n-- u_nw-e-I-;-uS-w,
ao--5-j-b-;-uS-w F-B-=w e-o-.
!-w-_n--^-Ww d-y-an-o 5-e-o%- h---hw-L-S-\-I-;-tS I-W-%-I
5-In-cw A-e eo-X-c-Ww tN-- hv-P\y hn-a-ro-I-jo -co-n-Kw Xp-Yn-S-\-uI--jo-ud-%- Xp-Y-bn-^-bo-dn-Wm D-]ubn-Ko--t---Xm. ]--\w-Xo- B-d--k
Po--I-jo 5-e-o-%- ^--cp-uI- ?-Lo-I-an-h--jo a-e ]-d hvI-cy--;-- ]--\--^-uI---jn-In-cm. f-_-co-a-d-bn-ô-I-n-bo H--%-
Sn-Oo-I-jo -co-n-K-=w a-S--bn-^-I-jo
u]n!- uI-- \--m \-- ]n-T
- Xp-Yn-S-\-o-t H- d-y-u-w
-p-I-co-%--X-. \--tS G-e--uS-w
+xn 481 7
ueZot aiX|w (HS)
I-a-dn\ucg
n\uc
g
ueZjotd A-u\-In-Y-Ittf-do
sshZnI ssieohnNmcwssieohnNmcw
!--o-I an-Xn--tj -wo-%--a-w-::-I C-aw uen \o-Wy-an No-uI-X e-uen-n-an-J-s-cmP-\-b-X h|-[n-ox.-_-i|p-\nw K-cmun A-]-hn--]-n-\m
a-in-\m -I-eo-\ocm-L-c-Xo h|-[n-en-\m
(E-uK|-Zw. 1.95.4)-n-en-Yw:w:- \o--jo B-%m Y-iy
c-i-hyw A-lo-bnw? fo-I A-e-\o
A-- dp-\-an-bo-co-%- f-2o eo-ufg-n an-Xn- A-Y-en A--an-tc
-wo-%-. H--e-j-tc A--an--tS-w
K--o-X-\n-b fo-I h|-bw K--]n-ô \o-w !-l-K-e--. 5-#-Xo \o-ba-a-Xn-m.
...sXn\nbnse ]Ipv...
tN-eo-I-jo-td-K- --a-n- h-Xy-tj \nw A-lo--tIn-m \o-ug-[o%-. In-c-Ww a-e--e--tS -o \nw
F--t\-bn-Wm tN-c-Xn-tW-m h--Xo-tIn--%-I. \nw eo-f|-Y--]n-c--cy-o
eo-f|-ho-%--e-cn-W-un? A--t\-bn-Wun \nw en-Iy--jo-ud-m ---Xm, n-c-Xw \-u ]-To-o--Hw C-y \-u
]-To-o-%--Hw... \-u \n-Wo-o-%-
Z-bn-\- A-eo-tS-w \--m H- Xo-co
-te-jo-w A-e-uf-go-o-n-Wm bn-^-bn-bbnw ua-[nw uZ-e-K-Wnw ]o-X-c-uLn-n-]nXm. -bnw
h-uX... F-m...
-F.F.-ue-Z-5-In-fm.
481 8 +xn
- ao
aow\w
\w Bg\nZw
fo-I-eo-t\ A-lo-ub--Hm A-e a-in\nm, I-eo-bn-m, A-H-u]n-td f-2ofn-do-w B-Z-\o--c-(h|-[n-en)an-tW-n-m. Y--an-b A-lo-tb
ue--eo-[-o b-Yn-X-Y-an-bo A-lo-e-cn--1m?. h-e-e---jo-w A--dp-\an-bo-co-%- A-lo--]o-bn-b f-2oeo-ufgw 5-Xy--a-. uI-e-dw hn-nXm#-X-[-an--jn-b n-\o-I-%-an-^w
-wo-uKn-N-c-an-!- 5-#-Xo-h--bnW-Hm.
!-^ P-\o-n-w A-e h|-w A-bo A-e-tf-2o -5-I-S-an-%-I-bn-m.
P-\-\-o--tS h|--f-2o-bn an-JX|-t 5-I-Sp--eo-o-%- A-W-X-5-Xon-h-an-m \-e-fn-X-fo-I. A-lo--tS -
-]--jn-m B-In-f-o -cy-\n-w
A--co--o eo-Zz-n-w, #-Yo-eobo A-lo-bn-w In-- ô-X|-o-td
G-I-X|w. A-Xn-b-Hm -m A-lo-I-;w
]-c-a-an-b H-c-lo--tS G-I-an-b 5-Xo-n-han-m. In-c-Ww A-lo--dw #-Yo-eo 5-Zp-an-\-an-!-. eo-Zz-o-\n A--co-w
5-In-f--W-an-!-. -cy-\n Zyv-udnIw uX-P-o-b--Xn-!-. u[-~-w
hn-a-Yy-fn-do--an-b !-^-t Ip-obn A---tS \n-a-an-m A-\-f|-c-an-!-Hm. tte-Zz-Xo P-d-5-en-i- -2-an-b
ua-L-o \o--V-eo-m h-e--d-jo-w B]bnbo h--co-%-.-ue-tln- cp-Xo-bo eyn-Jyn-\o-n
fo-I -cy-\n-m. -cy-c-Wo-I-jn!- an-Xn- B fo-I-eo-t A--
an-w. A-Xn-b-Hm -cy-t B-eo-n-ew

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hw--eo-%-. F-n Io-c-W-
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20
a-w a-tn-co-S-Km w-Ky--uc-W
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A-lo-bo 5-Z--an-bo-co-%- B-*-Xobn-m ?-wo-In-c-W-an-!--Hm. A--t\
B e-e an-Xn--% P-w \---e
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+xn 481 11
11
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a-t-nw, ua = \p, C-anx = 5n--an-o-bo-m,
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= A-Xo-t\ 5n-]o-m B-\--h|--]o
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= F--t\-ubn, -g-u[ = -g-[o-I-jn,
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iohpx
hpx = H-co--w tInudn-I-m, an io
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f-cp-c-o \--tS B-Zn-eo I-o-w
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12
481 12 +xn
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tte-Zo-I [-aw !-\-n-]o-. In-d
-?-ua-W uZ-e-n-w A-[--Xo-m -w-cn-bo.
C--t x-L-co-X--;-tS I-Y !-cn-W-jo 5--c-5-Nn-c-an-Po--Xn-m. uZ-e-nw A--c-n-w h-Zn--w tN---Xoan-^w X-+-c-cn-bo. n-c-Xp-b-cn-b A-u\-Iw
cn-Pn--n uZ-en--c---o uZ-e]-w uN-m -w tN- uZ-e-n-tc
P-bo-o-. C-Xo-t ]-co-W-X-^-d-an-bo
A-u\-Iw n-c-Xp-b cn-Pn--n C--t
A-[-how-in-h-\-o\-[o-In-co-I-jn-bo.
C--t\ A-[-ao-I-jn-b uZ-e-n--an--
h-i-en-hw cn-P-5--J-co-w a-cyn-Zn-b-o--In-c-W-an-bo. \--tS -e--coI-jn-b E-go-f|-c-n No-c-In-dw ha
an-\-e-%-ue-o tte-Zo-I-N-co-^-hw-c+xn 481 13
13
-W-o-\n-bo Pp-eo-Xw D-ko- e-m

a-i-n-b]-d In-cy--;w tN--e-cn-m.
F-n Ind-5-en-i-o ~n-1-W-w
anw-h---Icn-bo-p-. In-a-u?n-[
udn- uan-i---So-a-I-jn-b ~n-1-W-tS Pp-eo-Xw a-cyn-ZI-;-tS hp-a-I fo-Yod-an-o. E-go--\o-an--tS en-Z-K-Xo-I-tj
A-e-K-Wo-m Ae h|n-Y-uan-ioI-jn-b
cn-Pn--n--tS-io-Xn--e-o-I-jn-bo.
?-ua-W b--o -K-e-[-o-t -]o anw-h---Ww 5-Nn-c-an-Po-.
A--t\ b--o -K-_-do-h-ehn-[n-c-W-an-bo-p-.7. [v-X-b---jo A-So--So ]-co-e-\=w ]-co-e--\-=w D-n-bo. In-ay
-b---;-tS 5-Nn-cw e-o--H-S-o.
b---jo _n-iyn-Uw-_-c--;w
A-tte-Zo-I-I-a-eo-[n-\--;w A-c-u-lo.
ue-Z-eo---=w ue-Zn---d-=-an-b I-a-;-tS h-o-[-W-an-bo [v-X- b--
A-[-Xo--un P--_-do b- -hw-eo[n-\-o-t n-K-an-bo-p- F--Xnm h-Xyw.8. !-Xo-b !-Xo-b b-- -]-t-o-bun X-Z---X-an-b a--
eo-\o-ubn-Kd-t-a-n-Xn-bo. ]-Z--;-uSw A--c--;-uS-w hn--fy-a--h-co-m
I-a-----X-an-b u]-co a--tj an-o-a-lo-%-I-w n-e-\--h-co-m
A--ubn-Py-an-b !-Xo-b a--
c-No-%-Iw tN--cp-Xo-bn-m ]o-p-Sm
5-_-d-an-b-Hm. E-go--\o-an-cn-I-t #-X-Kn-cw--o H-S-o-b A-\p-Xo-ub-w
A-[-a-t-w \-J-fo-Jn-w F-Xo-o-. eo-uf-go-w -K-e-[-t. A-iow-hn\o-~-an-m F-m ue-Z- hn-y-t-K- b---jo e-- -So-b iow-hneo-[o-I-tj-nw ]o-n-d-Km A-Xyn-r-io-I;w \n-o-I-w ue-Z-eo----an-b h|n-Ya-Xo-I- -So-u--e-bn-tW-m ey-2w.
ue-Z-eyn-h-t In-d-K-X-t C--cw
ue-Z-eo-- b--I-a- \-S-o--
F-m a-in-n-c-X-o ]-cyn--an-b tX-jo-
14
481 14 +xn
- ao
aow\w
\w Bg\nZw
=-I d-y-an-m.9. b--o-t A--w-en-Zw a-n-\-YI-en-Zo-m P-w \-o.10. -wo-b--o-t -]n-eo-ln-c-an-b

!--gua-[w, A-f|-ua-[w, uKn-ua-[w F-pe-I b---jo-td-nw P--iow-hn-]-can-b eo\o-ubn-Kw -h-e-^-\o-go--an-m.
ttZ-epf-2o-I-;-tS B-d--\w--fw-h-iubn-Kn Y-W--tj B-[n-\w tN--Ib-n-tX B-dw--\w A-Y-en e-[w F--ua
eo-[o-o-o-.11. -wo b-n--K-X-an-b !--g-ua-[w
A-f|ua-[w, uKn-ua-[w H-S-o-b b--jo 5-Xo\o-[o--]-o !--g,
A-f|w, Kv F-o-etb ue-Zo-bo-tn-1e- ]-cy-lo-I-cWw A-Y-en -fo-%-I
F- ?o-b-%-uf-gw (G-uX-H uZ-e-Xn
\o-uZ-f-an-uWn A-e- eo-[o-o-co-%-Hm A-Xo-\n-bo -fo-m) ue-Zo-bo \o-
!-l-u---I (D-e-P-\w) an-^-an-m
tN-o---Hm. ue-Z-o-w tte-Zo-I-en-Mmabo-w F-eo-tS-nw -K-b--t-%-lom eW-\--un A-eo-tS-nw B-d--uX
F- ?o-b-bn--5-ubn-Ko-o-co-%--Hm.
-K-t 5n-]o-%-I, -fo-%-I F-p
A-Y-a-n-tX e-[o-%-I F- A-o-5n-bua C-n-bo--.
12. ue-Z-fn-J-I, ~n-1-W- F-o-ebo-td 5-an-W-a--h-co-m b---K-
-wo-b-o-td en-, -cy, A-lo,
#-Yo-eo -X-dnb-e-bn-m. -wo-b-o C-e--tS e-[w A-Y-en \n-fw
hw--eo-%-o-. v-Xo-I-uZ-eX-I-;-tS
-f-n A-Y-en hw-ubn-Kn
Y-Wn-[n-\w - !-Xo-b Y-W--;-tS n]\w \-S-%--uX-->. -wo-b--o-t
-]n-eo-ln-c-an-b b--I-a--jo -Ke-[w F- h--+-o--u]n-w hn-K-Xyao-. H-So-e- I-aw -o-bn-%-en
b-o -K--;-tS D-e-P-\-o-uf-gw 5-uXy-Iw h-#-Xm [-ipX--an-Pyw
(!-ucn-Un-fw) A-Xn-Hm b--uZ-e-X-I-
KoXmclkyw
amXr`qanbpsS
aqmw ]Xnv
{]knoIcnp
udnIan\y _ndKwKn[cXodIt
KpXncihyw
]cong: \uc
\ucg
g
n-bo t\-m B-*Xo A-o-%w. ]o-n-dKm b--o ]-Ln-dw--\w H-S-o-bun !-ucn-Un-f-ow an-w e--o-bXn-tW- ey-2w.13. B-d--uX B-d-u-X ]-Z--;-tS A-Yw
B-dw-\w A-Y-en iow-h F--. av-doI-an-bo d-w, dw--w c-1 h|-X--[nH--jn-m. C-e-tS A-Y-=w o--o-an-m. [n-H--;-tS -Iyw I- eyn-uani-n B-d--uX-m e-[-ta- A-Yw
I-+o--Xn-en-\n- hn-[y-X.14. a--gy P--\n h-hyn-in-co-bn-m.
anw-h--I-cn-b P---jo \o-
Xo-I-w o--anm a--gy-f-cp-c-o-t
\o-an-Ww.15. b--o-td ua-[y-an-b A-Pw On-Km
A-Y-en B-Sm A-. 5-ucn-io A-Xn-b-Hm
#-go-%-]-2-a-n- - -X G-?
e-gw e-tc ]-k-- [n-\y-an-m
b--o-td A-Pw.- 5--J eo-g-b--tj -Sn-tX h--n--X-an-b A-u\-Iw b--eo-g-b--tj%-lo-m hn-an-\y-an-bo ]-co-No--\w tN-n\o-eo-tS 5-b-Uo-o--1m.-
---o--l-n b-Yn-Y-o 5n-Np-\-ey-a-b b--o -K-e-[-ta-

I-aw C-n-Xo--o-w, B--\o-I In-d
-t ue-Z-fn-J-I-jo-w ~n-1-W- r--jo-w, [v-X--^--jo-w -K-e-[-t
hw-_-o- ]-cn-a-fw In-W-t--.
D--c-In-dp-\-cn-b bn-o-I F-?-Xo-u-Xn-Inw. A-Y-en ue-Z=w 5n-Np-\-In-d
B-Zy b-n-e-\-w eo-]-cp-X-an-I-bn
"eoeo-ucn-u[ X|-\-u]-yw
hyn-Z-h-Xo iy--an-\-am " (ap-anw-h 1. 3. 3)
ttP-ao-\p-b \yn-b-a--h-co-m X-o-j-b-Ww. a-i-go Z-bn-\- -K-e-[
en-Z-t hw-_-o-m D--c-Indp-\
r---jo 5-o-w e--en 5-_-d
-an-b In-c-W--jo-n--Xo-\n ttP-ao\p
-b \yn-b-t A-e-dw-_o-m F-?-Xo-bo-co%--Hm [-u-b-an-m. A-u-i-o-t
A-o-5n-bw "G-tX-nw ~n-1-W--;w
-^--;w ue-Z-eo---an-b -K-e-[-t
hw-_-o--un A-e-tb 5-an-W-an-ntX X-o-I-j--I."
\-uanx b- I-cma 5--e-J-cmyx-h-\-uan b-n--~n-J-yx
+xn 481 15
15
Iaapanwhnhap (HS)
]o.tI. Pb
sshZnIbPvRfpsS ùXnI{]kn
\- eo-5 -]n-uZn-Z-I -Icm--an-\o
-\ ue-Z fn- [|-\o Kcm-Po-Xn-\o
-h|n-in h|-[n-In-c eo-ecm-Po-Xn-\o
-W-fn-\ Hynyn-Wo [--in-Wo-Xn-\o.
-eo-Z|n-n-tc A-Ly-]n-Zyn-Zo-I-tIn-m
D-]-N-co-n- ep--I (]o-J-b-w)
ue-Zn-Zo fn---;-tS A-yh-\w \-Sn- ep--I (~-1-b-w), A-louin-^w A--~o-%- ue-j-bo D-b-
uI-%- 'h|n-in' f-pw -k-o uIn- ep--I (uZ-e-b-w) C-e-tb-nw
a--gy e-ho-%- ep--I-jn-tW-oun-w W-fn-\ H-dy-an-bo K-Wo--W-ta-u^ Nn-W-Iy-a-Xw. --o--l-n
b-w A--~o-t-o-ud H- ep-So-t\
ep-Sn-bo K-Wo-%-I-->. b--o-\m
uin-aw F-w A-o-%- B-*-Xo-Im 'i-eo-m' F-w ]-l--a-un. ep-So-t
B-wK-ud-b \n-aw uinw -(uin-aw), iv-hm
(ie--o-hm) F-o--t\-bn--Xn-w. Cv
Cw-up-i ]-Z-o-t \o--o, ep--I-jo
\o-d-\o--u]n- b--h--Zn-b--jo
\o-n-tW- ue-Ww A--an-\o-%-en.
b---jo \o-m [n-cn-jw ]-Z-
\--tS n-g-bo I-S---So-bo--m.
thloaWo, C-wo-I, !-f-d-X F-o-e A-ebo No-d-H an-^-an-Wm. !-f-d f-p-ot ez-Xm]-o !--fn-\m dn-Xp-Xo !--f-dx
F--Xo \o--an-Wm. b--?o-b-I-jo
!-f--o-t (Z-) B-e-fy-I-X--m. e-jtc -K-X-ubn-tS -lo-t--u- H-nWm Z-. Cv !-o-t e-f--jo-td A-cw
16
481 16 +xn
- ao
aow\w
\w Bg\nZw
ttI-I-jo -lo-=-n-%w. c-2w !-c-

!-f--;-I b---jo D-]-ubn-Kon ]n---X-. A-Xo-\n e-j-tc #-XyX-ubn-tS-w -a-ubn-tS-w In-cy-
tN--en I-ko-=--e-tc an-^-ua !-f--;
uf-J-co-n \o-ubn-Ko-%-I-->. ?-ua-W
Cv Y-W--tj-nw H-o-W-o-b ey-2otb '!-f-d' F- eo-jo-%-en H-S-o.
thloaWo F- Cw-up-gm ]-Z-o-\m
tte-Zo-I-?o-b, N-S-m F-t-n-an-Wm AYw. [-aw F- en-o-\m ]-co-[-aw, ?o-b
F-t-n-an-Wm A-Yw. e--a-X-h-\ynho-an-tc '[-a-W' F- eo-jo-o--.
'[-a-Wo' m o-E-Io F-w A-Y--m.
[-a-W-n A--~o-%- N-S--I thco-a-Wo-bn-bo an-lo-b-Xn-bo ]-d-w I--Xoun--.
-b--=-an-bo F--=w A-[o-Iw _-- ]-Z-an-Wm C-wo-I. C-wo F--Xo-\m
b-w F--X-t-bn-Wm A-Qw. Hn-ucn
b--o-w \o-_--an-w \n-dm e- F-o-w uin-ao--Ww. A-Xm C-ww,
ao-ww, fo-ww, !-ww F-o-e-bn-Wm. Cv
\n-dm C-w- uin-a-!-7-o A-o%--Xo--ue-o !-7w ]--%- I--tS u]-cm C-wo-I-tb-n-Wm. C-wo-I-bo
C-w- tIn-m \-S-K- uin-a-t
C-wo-tb-w eo-jo-n-c-m. C-Xo-in-h
In-ey-an-b cn-an-b-W-o Z-f-c-Y a-incn-Pn-em !-^-d-to-%-ue-o A-~o-
bn-Kw '!-^-In-ua-wo'-bn-Wm. b--!-7w
]--%--Xo-\m ]-d B-#-Xo-bo-w e---
o--- C-w-I-I-;-tS \o-an-W-t

]-o _v-[n-b-\--^-o e-B-\--m.
N-H-Yo (--Xm Aw-Y-dw N-H-cw) A-[y
(eo-I-B-o e-m eo--Po--Xm) ]n-Zy
(N-H-Yo-\n-dn-bo-]-!--Xm) iw-h--Jo
(A--uIn--I-;- C-wo-I) F-o--t\
-bn-W-e. 5n-Np-\ J-\o-fn---jo-w
A-lo-I-a-o- ue- C-wo-I-I-;-tS
eo-e-c-Ww \-Io-bo--m. C-wo-I--tS
e--=w B-#-Xo--a--h-co-m B
t] C-wo-I-I-tj ue-Xo-co-%-I-w
A-e--tS d--W- \o-L-bo-%-I-w
tN-o--m.
-b-- F-un F-o-t\ F-m
B-eo--eo- F-m \--m H- eo-f-I-d\w tN-nw. ue-Zn-Q 5-?o-b--tS A-?-a-an-b C-Xo-in-h-t-%-lo-m ]-To-%un B-Zo-a E-go-an ue-Zn-Qw u\-co-
I--e-cn-tW-m a-\-o-dn-nw. A-e
ue-Zw A-lo-bn--e-m a-n-Qw D-]uZ-fo--tIn--o--. Cv a- -wn-jn-b E-go-an-tc ]-d B--\o-I tte-Zo-I
N-co-^-In-c-n a--#-n--jn-tW-m
No-^p-I-co-%--Xm f-co-b-. !-Xo-b-Xn-bo
]-d-Hw I-1-]o-So-%- fn---n--tS
n-\-an-Wm ]-d-w E-go-I-m \-!-Xm. F-n -d-an-b A-lo-em ttI-In-cyw
tN-- \--tS fn--udn-I-t-n
F-^-ubn D--X-an-b udn-I-m N-co-%-e-cn-Wm E-go-an. B a---wn--jn-b
E-go-I-tj-%-lo-m 'a--#-Xm' F-m ]-Z-5ubn-K---Xo-\n A-e ue-Z-r-w c-No-e-cn-tW- [n-c-W-w 5-_-d-an-Wm.
F-n a-e No-d h----jo h|-B-Wo-n-c-t\ h|-B-#-Xm F-w udn-i-Wo-n-c-t\ udn-i-#-Xm F-w eo-uf-goo-%--m. C-e h|-B-=w udn-i-=w
\o-o-%--e-c- a-lo-m A-e--tS -wo]-c-an-b I-ko-=-I udn-i--jo 5-ubnKo-%--e-cn-Wm. A-H-u]n-td E-go-an-w
a-n-Qw I--lo-m eyn-Jyn-\o-m
an-\-e-cn-fo--tS D--a-\-o-\n-bo 5-e-N\w \-S-K--e-cn-Wm. E-go-an--tS D-]-uZ-
f-o -So a-n-Qw r-io-%-en

f-2o-bo-n--e-%-ue-o \o-L-1-,
~n-1-W- H-S-o-b r---;w
\oao-X-an-bo. ]o-p-Sm A-e c-No-
ue-Zn-MmK--;-tS h-in-b-un-tS ue-ZnQw 5-N-co-o-%-en [-ao-. Cv In-dL--o-dn-Wm ue-Zn-Q-t -c-o-Xan-n-w ,-Z-bw-K-a-an-%en--w ue-o
b---;-tS-w D-]n-Jyn-\--;-uS-w
5-I-+-\ \-S--tX- I--H-. B-cw-w
-X C--e-tc-- In-d-t eo-\o-ab-hv-I-cyn-Qw \n-dn-boo-co-nw.
#-X--K-o-t A-yw e-tc-- In-d
-t 5n-Kmbn-o-I In-d-ta-w u^-Xn-Kw -X Z|n-]-c--K-o-t A-e-hn-\we-tc-- In-d-t -e-bn-o-I Ind-ta-w I-do--Kn-cw-w--X eo-?-ap-bw
19nw -n-1-e-tc-- In-d-t A-]-c-bo-I-In-d-ta-w H-S-o-un-m B--\oI-In-d-ta-w K-Wo-nw.
-#-X--K-o-t c-nw ]n-Z-o-dn-Wm
eo-eo-[ fn---;-tS A-Xo eo--X-an-b
fn-h-\- \o-F-io--t--Xm. Cv
fn---tj E-go-an ]o-p-Sm hw-o-an-w, hw-o--X-c-an-w, hw-o--X-a-=an-bo 5-e-No-. E-go-I tN- hw-o-
X-a-an-b 5-e-N-\--tj-bn-Wm A--fn-h\- F--u]-co A-lo-b-t--Xm. fo-,
I-+w, eyn-I-c-Ww, \o--2w, O--hm, uPynXo-gw, [-an-w, ]-Zn-Q-eo-Zy, hn-ioXyw,-I-d, cn-Py-X-w, B--ue-Zw, [-ue-Zw, K--e-ue-Zw, -n\w, I-aw,
D-]n-h-\ -X-dn-b A-hw-Jyw eo-g-b-
E-go-an--tS A--fn-h-\--jo D-t-. C-e-tb-nw-X-t ue-Z-fn-h-\--jo
\o-w \o-K-ao--Xn-tW-m h-F-w h-Xo-o---Xo-\n ue-Z-t h-e-eo-Zynn-\-ta-m I--Xo-un-. -A-Xo-5n-Np-\In-d-m ue-Z--m A--eo-[-o--
A-Q--jn-Wm I-+o-o-co-%--Xm. Cv
]--eo-[ A-Q 5-#-Xo-tb-%-lo--
]-cn-a-fw ttX-o-co-ubn-]-\o-g-o
A-Yn-Xx hw-io-Xn-bn D-]-\o-g-Zw
+xn 481 17
17
eyn-Jyn hyn-ax ]--h|n-[o-I-c-uW-i

B-[o-udn-Iw, B-[o-tPyv-Xo-gw, B-[o-eoZyw, A-[o 5--Pw, A-[yn-Zw
A-m A-[o-I-c-W--jo-dn-bo a--hwio-X-I-;-tS Z-Vn-Qw eo-uf-g-an-bo
]-l--. A-e
(1) tt^-udn-Iyn-[o-~o-Xw
(2) Zo-ey-X-|--tj hw-_-o-m
(3) F-n eo-Zyn-I-uj-w hw-_-o-m
(4) Pp-e-Pn-d-t hw-_-o--Xm
(5) ]-c-an-Zn-eo-u\-w f-cp-c-u-w
hw-_-o--Xm.
-#-X--K-o-t -nw-In-d-an-b-unuk-w -ao-bo-td a--gy--tS [p--W
f-2o !-l- e-. h-|-Y-Ww !-l-bnw X-uan-Y-Ww A-[o-I-co-%-en-w B-cwo-. X-o-ao-w A--eo-[ A-Q--;w
r-io-%-en-- hn-a-Qyw C-n-Xn-boK-S-o. ]-I-cw e-j-tc hp-ao-X-an-b A-+n-\w-tIn-m J-o-b-S-- \o-d hw-PnX-an-bo. hcme\n-uf h--Xm]-u Acmw
Xy-P-Xo ]-7o-X. h-F-\n-fw e--un
D--Xo ]-!-Xo I-j---e e-o-an
F- 5-an-W-o-t A-So-n-\-o
eo-!-d-an-b ue-Zn-Q ]--Xo-I-m ]-I-can-bo e-j-tc --o-b !-Xo-b eyn-Jyn-\cp-Xo-I \o-d-eo e-. B-[o-v-Xo-Iw,
B-[o ttZ-eo-Iw, B-[yn-Zo-I-ta- -eo-[ ue-Zn-Q- B-eo-o-X-an-bo. C-etb ô-eo-[ 5-?o-b F--lo-b-t-. Cv
5-In-cw ]-Zn-Q eo-Zy-I-tj-nw B-[o
v-Xo-I 5-?o-b-bo-w, r-i-\--^--;-tS
o-Xo, N-cnN-c-P-K-o--n-!- 5-new, In-d-eo-n-\w, E-H-n-\w F-oe-tb-nw B-[o ttZ-eo-I 5-?o-b-bo-w
f-cp-cw, Pp-en-Zn-em, ]-c-an-Zn-em, -X-dn-b
n-\- A-yn-Zo-I 5-?o-b-bo-w

D-t--o. ttX-o-co-ubn-]-\o-g-o
eo-e-co- ]--eo-[ 5-?o-b-bo D-t-
B-[o udn-I-=w B-[o uPyn-Xo-g-=w B-[o
ttZ-eo-I-5-Io-b-bo-w, B-[o-eo-Zyn, B-[o
v-Xo-I 5-?o-b-bo-w, B-[o 5-P-=w
A-yn-Z-=w A-yn-Zo-I 5-?o-b-bo-w
D-t--o-b-Xn-bo ue-Ww A--an-\o-%en.
-#-X--K-o-t \n-dnw In-do a-gy-t ua-[n-f-2o-m ep-1w !-l-= e-I-w X--dw ue-Zn-Q--;-tS ô-eo-[
5-?o-b-I-;w ?-ua-W --i-an-bo ]-co-Wao-. a--gy-co h-|-Y-Ww !-l--I-w,
c-uPn-Y-W-=w X-uan-Y-W-=w e-o-%-I-w
tN--bn udn-w --en C-S-e-. udn-o- Ip-kmt- ey-2o-I h|n-Q dn-o-w A-Q-dn--o-w- ue-o 5-Pn]p-V-\w B-cw-o-%-I-w tN-. P-ud
a-eyn-\o en--yn-Xm cm
cm-_-dw _-d-e-cnx h---o tN-c a-ey--tj e-do-b
a-eyw eo-?---H-u]n-td-- a-ey\yn-b-o \o-w 5-P-I-tj ^n-W-\w
tN---Xo--ue-o E-go-I e-B-ey-e-w Pn-Xo ey-e--w cn-Py-ey-e-w \-S-o e--o. A-uXn-tSn-w X-t
E-go-an ue-Z--;-tS v-Xo-I eo-Zyn-]-can-b A-yn-]-\w \o-ucn-[o-. a--gy-t\
tIn-tn---%- an-c-In--[--;-tS \o-an
-W-=w A--cp--=w 5-#-Xo-w a-do-\-t-o a--gy--tS tXn-ko-d-e-h-cw \-w-t-K- a-in-b--5-e--\--;w \o-ucn[o--Xn-bo a---Xo 11/63 In-Wnw. C-o
-t\ ue-Z--;-tS ]-Zn-Q-eo-n-\-]-c
an-b A-Qw --o --o H-udnw C-o-b hp-a--o F-o-u-. (H--S-w)
Zyv-udn-Iw fn-o-5-Z-an-I-Ww. A--co-w fn-o-5-Z-an-I-Ww. P-d-=w fn-o-5-Z-anI-Ww. Hn-g-[o-I-;w fn-o \--e-bn-I-Ww. e-\-?---;w fn-o-ub-I-Ww.
eo-Z|--\- F-n fn-o--ua-I-Ww. A-lo-em fn-o-5-Z-an-I-Ww. P-K-t-nw
fn-o-ub-!--Xn-I-Ww. h-an-[n-\wX-t-w fn-o-5-Z-an-I-Ww. C-Fo-[-- fn-o
F-\o-% 5n--an-I-Ww.- ey-2o-I-jo h-an-[n-\w, P-\-X-bo h-an-[n-\w- h--W P-K-o-w h-an-[n-\w --eo--t.-(bueZw 36.17.)
18
481 18 +xn
- ao
aow\w
\w Bg\nZw
AXngyw (HS)
I-a-dn\ucg
n\uc
g
a\pkvarXn
A[ynbw 1
woD
w
oD+o
oww [uan+o
[uan oww
ue-Z-n-g F-n-tW-un A-Xo-t hw-n-fn-w ue-Znw-K- D-]nw-K- F-o-e F-tun F-o-t\-un ue-Z-a--=-an-bo A-e- e- _--=w D-un F--u\|-go-n-tX-bn-m ]-dww \--Xo --Xo-I-tj eo-d-bo--K--Hw eyn-Jyn-\o-%--Hw. n-c-X-o-t hn--io-I-\p-Xo-w
cn-{-ey-e-in-c-\p-Xo-w ey-2o-\o-b-a--;w I--o-So-o- a---Xo-ub-w a--eo-u\-w F-^-an^ww A-]-Ip-o-t--o n-c-Xp-b hw-n-c-t A-e-ui-jo-o-- F- N-co-^w F-t-o-w
H-co- ue-Z-\-ubn-tSn-n-tX-X-c-ao-. A-Xo--]-co \nw I-W-m ]-l-ub-o-e-co-I a--eo-t
u]-co n-c-Xp-b-]v-ucn-io-Xy-=w Pn-Xo-~n-1-Wy-=w In-o-&-o-b u]-&-K-I-n-bo-co-%w.
-\\-uc---g
-ue-uZn-+-o h-a-b \o-W-bw- (HS)

( S)
A--X-a-\-\w-::- -a-i-go Z-bn-\- E-uK|Zn-Zo n-gy -ao-I-bo 1/68 -X 73 e-tc- u^n-I--jo D--co-o-co-%--Xo-t
a-d-bn-j ]-co-n-g (ue-Z-]-cy-S-\w, \-uc--g) C-eo-tS ]-I-nw.
-uNn-Zyw- ue-Z- D-n-bo-m F-^ egw I-ko-?-D--cw- -o-tXn-D-n-c-uIn-So F]--- d--o C--]-o H--Xo\n-bo-c-o F-?-]-o B-c-e-g-an-bo
(1960852976) [I-do--Kw (4,32,000) e-g-anm. A-Xo-t C-c-o Z|n-]-c--Kw (8,64,000).
Z|n-]-c--K-=w I-do--K-=w uN--Hm u^Xn--Kw (12,96,000). C-Xo-u\n- ep-1w I-do-Kw uN-n h-Xy--K-hwJy-Io-w.
(17,28,000) N-H--K-o-t In-d-b-j-em
43,20,000 e-g-an-m. C-Xo-t\ 71 tIn-1
Y-Wo-n a-\|--c-an-bo (30,67,20,000)
B-c a-\|--c- I-ko--u]n-bo
(1,84,03,20,000) G-knw a-\|--c-o-td 28-nw
I-do--K-an-Wo-Hm C-Xo-\o-un 4976 eg-
an-bo. A-Xn-b-Hm B-c a-\|--c--ujn-Sm

N-H--K-o I-ko-- u]n-b
38,92,976 e-g-=w 27 N-H--K--;-tS hwJy 11,66,40,000 =w -ucn a-\|--c--oS-m h-Xy--K-o-m H-y-an-b h-o--Xo-\n G-? h-o--tS In-dw 12,09,6000
=w -So uN-%-un -wo hw-e-e-can-b 1972948976 Io-w ( !--Iw F-?-Xob-Hm eo-?-an-pw 1933 G. Uo. 1877-)
B-m. A-X--h-com e-g- I-Wn-nw). N-H-K-o C-\o-w
186186929 e-g- _n-o--1m. (G.-Uo.
1972 )] --o--l-n ue-Z-=w -wow D-n-bo-m -o-tXn-D-t--uIn-So F]---d--o C--]-o H--Xo-\n-boc-o F-?-]-o-bn-c e-g-an-bo. F-?-]o-ub-knw hw-e-e-cw \-S-o-dn-m -wo
D-n-bo-w C-^-w hw-e-e-c--jn-bo.-uNn-Zyw- C-tX--t\ \o-W-bo-?-D--cw- -wo-bo tte-e-h|-Xa--eo-t (G-kn-a-t) a-\|--c-an-Wo+xn 481 19
19
un. AXom B-c a-\|--c-

I-ko--u]n-bo. h|n-bw--e-a-, h|n-ucn-Nog-a-, --ap-a-, Xn-a-h-a-, ttc-e-Xa-, Nn-E-g-a-, tte-e-h|-X-a- F-p
G-?w C-\o e-cn-- hn-e-Wy-a-,
-Z-hn-e-cmWo, ~-1-hn-e-cmWo, [cma-hne-cmWo, --hn-e-cmWo, cv-N-uZ-e
hn-e-cmWo, C--hn-e-cmWo (]-co-n-gI) F-p G-? u]-tc-w uN-Km
]-Xo-\n- a-\|--c--;-1m. h-Xy--Kw,
u^-Xn--Kw, Z|n-]-c- -Kw, I-do--Kw F-oe-bn-m N-H--K-. F-?-]-o H-m
N-H--K- uN-n H- a-\|--c-anbo. B-bo-cw N-H--K- uN--Hm H-
~n-1-Zo-\w. A-^-w X-t N-H--K-jn-m H- ~n1 cn-ô. -wo \o-d-\o--Hm Zo-\-=w, 5-j-b-In-dw cn-ô-tb-w
eo-e-. -wo-bo A-Y-en ~-n1Zo-\-o B-c a-\|--c- I-ko-.
G-knw a-\|--c-o-td (tte-e-h|-X-a-\|-cw) I-do--K-an-m \-S-o-do-co-%--Hm.I-do e-e-cw 4976 B-bo. C-Xo-t\ Bg-e-gw (eo-?-a-hw-e-e-cw) 1933 F-
]-l--.
--i-n-e---tS A-y-=w
Pn-r-Xn-e---tS B-cw--=w
-wz-]-o-X-hy uhn
uhnii-cmo-f-hyn-u
5--x 5--Xo-e-y-uX.-5-Xo-e--L --P-Xo a-\x
h-Z-h-Zn-Z-I-am.. [74
74 (43)]
(43)
-A-Yw:w:- hx 5--x = B 5-j-bn-e-bo 5--\n-bo-- (1.52-57) B ]-c-anZnem, X-hy A-i-cm\o-f-hy + A-u =
B (1.68-72) Zo-\-cn-^--%-uf-gw, 5--Xoe-y-uX = D-W-- = -wo 5-?o-b-bo
-?-!-, N = ep-1w, 5--Xo-e- = D-l-w
I-ko-t-Wp-m, h-Zm-A-h-Zm + B-Z-Iw =
G-tXn-n-uWn In-c-W--]-o o-Xo
tN---Hm, G-tXn-n-uWn eo-In-cAw-fw tIn-1m a-l-o-co-%--Hm - 5-Xy-a-n--Hm A--t\-- h|-n-e-un--So-b, a-\x = a-i-Xm F- u]-- 5-#-Xo-
20
481 20 +xn
- ao
aow\w
\w Bg\nZw
-tS B-Zy-In-cy-X-|-o-t, --P-Xo =

h-Kw H-S--.A--X-a-\-\w--::- 1) C-eo-tS -wo D-+-o--AtS !-Xo-b hw-cw-w B-cw-o-%-I-b- tNHm. ]-I-cw -uen-2 5-I-c-W--jo
(1.14-16) X-|--;-tS D-+-o -ubn-tSn-w
-X--;-tS D-+-o 5-?o-b--tS e-W-\
In-o-. A-Xo--uf-g-- e-W\-I
h-eo--cw eo-e-co--In-Wo-%---1m.2) u^n-I-o a-\-o-t A-Yw
a-i--|w F-n-m. A-Hm -wo D-+o-bo 5-#-Xo--tS 5-Y-a In-cy-X-|-=an-m. C-Xo-t tX-jo-=-I-;w eo--X-an-b
eo-ue-N-\-]-T-\-=w 1.14-25 e-tc-- A--X-a\-\-o In-Wn-w.--K-]---X
I B-In-f-o-t D-+-oa-\x -wo eo-!--uX uNn-Zy-an-\w
hoho --bn.B-In-fw Pn-b-uX X-n--hy
f-pw Y--Ww eo-x [75
75 (44)
(44)]-A-Yww::- ho---bn = -wo-c-N-\--S C-bn ep-1w B ]-c-an-Zn-em, a-\x -wo
eo-!--uX = a-i--|--wo-tb eo-In-co
- n-e-o tIn-1-e- - A-iw-In-c--]o - eo-#-X-an-o; X-n-Xm = F-o-m
A-Xo-t eo-In-co-Aw-fw tIn-1m, uNn-Zyan-\w B-In-fw Pn-b-uX = ?-ua-W
?-ua-W B-In-fw cNo. X-hy = B
B-In-f-o-t; Y-Ww f-pw, eo-x =
F-w ]-l--.-A--X-a-\-\w-::- Z-bn-\--Z-f-\w-B ]-c-ua-f|-c-w 5-#-Xo-w uN-m
B-In-f-t 5-I-So-o-%--Xo--
A-e-In-fw A-Xn-b-Hm 5-j-bn-e--bo
-wo--tS In-c-W--]-an-b -eyw h-e-^dp-\-an-bo eyn-]o-o---Xo-t\ H-o-m H-coS-K h|--]o-%--Xo-m A-e-In-fw F-
]-l--. en--e-o B-In-fw D-n!-o-. A-Hm h-Zn h-e-Zn eyn--an-m.
5-j-b-o A-ey-2-an-!- F-
an-^w. In-c-Ww B-In-f-ao-n-tX 5-#-Xow ]-c-an--=w F-eo-tS o-XotN-n-\nm. (h.-5. 8-nw h--n-hw)II en--eo-t D-+-oB-In-fn-K eo-!-en-cmWn-e-cme-K-e-ixIx -Nox.- _-d-en-n-b-uX en-x
h tte --cmf-Y-uWn a-Xx. [76
76 (45)(45 ]
-AA-Yw:w:- B-In-fn-Xm H eo-!-en-cmWn-Xm
= B B-In-f-o-t eo-In-ucn-Xm]n-Z-I
Aw-fw tIn-1m, h-cme K- e-ix = h-a-K---tj-w e-io-%-, I--No = I-=w, _-d-en = f-2o-fn-do, en- = en-,
Pn-b-uX = D-n-bo e--, hx tte =B
en- \o-L-b-an-w, --cmf-Y-W = fta- Y-W-un---So-b-Xm, a-Xx = F-m
]-l-b-t--.
III A-lo--tS D-+-oen-ubn-c-]o eo-!-en-cmWn Z|o-ucn-No-x
X-uan--Z-am.- uPyn-Xo--Xm]-Zy-uX
n-h|---]-Y-W--Ny-uX.. [77(46)77(46)-]
-A-Yw:w:- en-ubn+Abn A-]o = B en--eo-uw, eo-! -en-cmWn-Xm = eo-In-uc-nXm]n-Z-I
Aw-f-o \o-m, eo-ucn-No- = D-P|-dan-b, X-uan--Z-am = A--In-c-t \-foo-%- (\-w-an-%-) n-h|-Xm = 5-Info-%-, uPyn-Xo + D-Xm]-Zy-uX = A-lo
(uX-P-m) D-+--an-!-, D-n-!-. X-Xm +
--] Y--Wn-am + D-Ny-uX = A-Xo-t Y-Ww
-]w F--lo-b-t--.IV&V P-d-o-t-w --ao--tS-w D-+-ouPyn-Xo-g-L eo-!-en-cmWn-Zn-u]n
c-h-Y-Wn --Xnx.- A-Zmuyn K--Y-Wn
--ao-co-uXy-gn -wo-cn-Zo-Xx.. [78(47)78(47)-]
-A-Yw:w:- N = -Sn-tX, uPyn-Xo-gx eo-!-encmWn-Xm = A-lo--tS eo-In-ucn-Xm]n-Z-I
Aw-fw tIn-1m, c--h-Y-Wnx B-]x --Xnx =
A-lo--tS uX-P-o \o-m c-h-Y-W-t
e-io-%- P-d-t D-n-o, A-Zmyx =
P-d-o \o-m K--- !--Wy--ao =
GK--Y-W-- -ao-w D-V-eo-, C-Xo +Ggn -wo + B-Zo-Xx = C-5-In-cw B-cw-w
-X (1.24) C-eo-tSe-tc-- -wo--tS
D-V-ew eo-e-co-.-A--X-a-\-\w-::- 74-nw u^n-Iw -X 78 e-tc- u^n-I--;-tS 5-?o-b-I-;-tS eo-fZan-b ]-T-\-o-m 1.26 t A--X-a-\-\w
H-o-t (h-ap-) [o%I.-a-\|--c--;-tS In-d-K-W-\b-Xm5n-a|n-Z-f-hn-i---Zo-Xw
ttZ-eo-Iw --K-am.- X-uZ-I h--Xo Y--Ww
a-\|-c-aouin-Ny-uX. [79(48)79(48)-]
-A-Yww::- 5n-n-Im = -e-u^n-I-o (1.71),
b-Xm = G-tXn-, Z|n-Z-f-hn-i-w =
]-p-cn-bo-cw uZ-e e-g--;-tS ttZ-eo-I
--K-am + D-Zo-X-am = H- uZ-e--Kw F-
]-l--, X-Xm + G-I h--Xo Y--W-am =
12,000 x 71 = 8,52,000 = H- uZeegw
A-Y-en 8,52,000 uZ-e e-gw x 360 =
30,67,20,000 an--g-e-g-an-m, C-i- a-\|--cam-D-Ny-uX = C-eo-tS CHm H- a-\|--co-t In-d-b-j-en-bo ]-l--.-(h-y, h-ynw-f h-io-X-an-b, a-gy--tS N-H--Kw H- uZ-e--K-an-m.
A-H-u]n-td 71 uZ-e --Kw ---Xn-m
H- a-\|--cw)w)
-e--cn-Wyhw-Jyn-\o h-cmKx
hw-in-c G-e N.- ?p-p-U-o-tte-X-Xm
!--uX ]-c-ua-wp !--\x !--\x [80(49)
80(49)]
-A-Yww::- ]-c-ua-~p = B h-e-f-2-w
a-in--an-b ]-c-an-Zn-em, A-hw-Jyn-\oa-\|--cn-Wo = A hw-Jyw a-\|--c--tj,
h-cmKw = -wo D-+-o, N = -Sn-tX, hwin-cx- G-e = 5-j-b-t-w, ?p-p-U C-e
= dp-d-bn-bo, !--\x- !--\x = ep-1w ep-1w,
!--uX = tN--tIn-o-co-%-.-A--X-a-\-\w--::- 1.73 - 80 u^n-I- D-co-m
C-Xo-t n-e-t a-i-go Z-bn-\h-ch|-Xo E-uK|-Zn-Zo-n-gy--ao-I-bo C--t\
]-l-o-co-%-.- u^n-I--jo uZ-e-e-g--;tS
K-W-\ tN-o-co-%-. N-H--K--;tS
12,000 e-g--tj uZ-e--Kw F-
]-l-o-co-%-. C-5-In-cw A-hw-Jyw
a-\|--c- I-ko-. h-e-f-2o+xn 481 21
21
an-\n-b -f|-c h-a-bn-h-a-b--jo

[-a-c-io-X-an-b -wo 5-j-b-dp-dn-eo-dnh- H-S- tIn-u-bo-co-%-. h-iP-an-b 5-Xo-n-hw A-\--an-m.
-wo 5--en-i-n A-\n-Zo-uNn-Zyw:- -wo-%m B-cw-w D-un
C--ubn?-D--cw:-- C-. ]-I-do--uf-gw cn-ôw cn-ô-%-- ]-I-w, A--t\ ]-I-do-uf-gw cn-ô-w cn-ô-%-uf-gw ]-I-w
F-o--t\ ?-a-o A-\-h{-Xw \-S-
tIn-o-co-%--e-Bw -wo-%--m 5-j-b=w 5-j-b-o--- -wo-w -wo--tS
A-\--cw 5-j-b-=w, 5-j-bn\-cw -wow C--t\ A-\n-Zo-In-dw -X
N-?w Xo-co--tIn-o-co-%-. C-Xo-m
B-Zo-ubn A--uan C-. F-n ]-I-dow cn-ô-%w B-cw-n-e-hn-\- D--
H-u]n-td -wo 5-j-b--%w B-cw-

A-e-hn-\- D-1m. F-t-n ]-c-anZn-em, Pp-en-Zn-em, P-K-o-t In-c-Ww
F-o-e -w h|-n-ue-\ A-\n-Zo-I-jn-boco-%--H-u]n-td P-K-o-t D-+-o
o-Xo 5-j-b--;w 5-en-i-n A-\nZo-bn-m. \-Zo--tS 5-en-iw No-d-un
D-1m. No-d-un e-o e-c-1 u]n-!-. a-kn-d-Km ep-1w In-Wn-ln-!-. ue-\n-d-Km In--o-. A-H-u]n-td C-tXnw 5-en-i--]--jn-m, -f|-c-t
Y-W-I-a-h|-n-e- A-\n-Zo-bn-bo-co-%-H-u]n-td -wo o-Xo hw-in-c-;w A-\n-Zo-bn-m. -f|-c-t Y-W-I-a
h|-n-e--%m G-H-eo-[-o B-Zo-w
A--=w C--ubn A-uX-eo-[-o A-ui-o-t I--ey-I-a--%w B-cw-ne-hn-\--jo-.
a--u5n-n-2 In-d 5--an-W-]-o-I-
-(u^n-Iw 1.64 -X 1.80 e-Wo-nw)-I-C-No-- h-a-bw
1 \o-ao-gw
8 45 th--m
8/45
18 \o-ao-gw
1 In-~n
3 1/5
1 5 th--m
30 In-~n
1 I-dn
1 ao-\o-m 36 th--m
30 I-dn
1 -+-w
48 ao-\o-m (2 \n-ko-I-)
30 -+-w
1 Zo-\-cn-^w
24 a-Wo-& (60 \n-ko-I)-
15 Zo-\-cn-^-
1 ]-w (an-\-e)-
2 ]-w
1 an-hw (an-\-e)-
6 an-hw
1 A-b-\w (an-\-e)
1 Zo-\-=w cn-ô (Zo-ey)-
bueZw (199)
uX-uPn ho uX-uPn a-bo u[-io- -ep-cy-a-ho ep-cyw a-bo u[-io-_-d-a-ho _-dw a-bo u[-uiyn--uPn uhyn-uPn a-bo u[-io-a-\z-c-ho a-\zw a-bo u[-io- -h-uin ho h-uin a-bo u[-io.-A-Yw:- \p uX-P-n-Wm F-o \p uX-P- [n-c-Ww tN-o-&. \p ep-cy-an-Wm
F-o \p ep-cyw [n-c-Ww tN-o-&. _-d-an- \p, F-o-w \p _-dw ]-I-.
Hn-P-n- \p, F-t-w Hn-P-h|o-bn-&. (A-[-a-un-). \p uIn-]-an-Wm, F-o-w
uIn-]w ]-I-- \p -tS---e-\n-Wm. A-\n-Zo-bn-Wm F-o-w B n-\w ]-I-.
22
481 22 +xn
- ao
aow\w
\w Bg\nZw
-D--cn-b-W Z-o-Wn-b-\-2 A-b-\- (12 an-hw)

360 Zo-\-cn-^- (uZ-e)
1 e-gw (an-\-e)
360 e-gw (an-\-e)
4,000 uZ-e-e-gw x 360 = 14,40,000 an-\-e e-gw
1 Zo-\-cn-^w (uZ-e)1 e-gw (uZ-e)-
h-Xy--K-o-t 5--J-In-d-5-an-Ww-
400 uZ-e-e-gw x 360 =
1,44,000 an-\-e e-gw
h-Xy--Kh-yn-In-dw-
400 uZ-e-e-gw x 360 =
1,44,000 an-\-e e-gw
h-Xy--Kh-ynw-fw-
4,800 uZ-e-e-gw x 360 = 17,28,000 an-\-e e-gw
h-Xy--K-W-In-d]-co-an-Ww--
3,000 uZ-e-e-gw x 360 = 10,80,000 an-\-e e-gw
uu^--Xn--K-o-t 5--J-In-d-5-an-Ww-
300 uZ-e-e-gw x 360 =
1,08,000 an-\-e e-gw
uu^--Xn--K-o-t h-yn-In-dw-
300 uZ-e-e-gw x 360 =
1,08,000 an-\-e e-gw
uu^--Xn--K h-ynw-f-In-dw-
3,600 uZ-e-e-gw x 360 = 12,96,000 an-\-e e-gw
u^--Xn--K-o-t --W-In-d]-co-an-Ww-
2,000 Zo-ey-e-gw x 360 =
7,20,000 an-\-e e-gw
Z|n-]-c--K-o-t 5--J-In-dw-
200 Zo-ey-e-gw x 360 =
72,000 an-\-e e-gw
Z|n-]-c-h-yn-In-dw-
200 Zo-ey-e-gw x 360 =
72,000 an-\-e e-gw
Z|n-]-c-h-ynw-f-In-dw-
2,400 Zo-ey-e-gw x 360 =
8,64,000 an-\-e e-gw
Z|n-]-c--K-o-t --W-In-d-]-co-an-Ww-
1,000 uZ-e-e-gw x 360 =
3,60,000 an-\-e e-gw
I-do--K-o-t 5--J-In-dw-
100 uZ-e-e-gw x 360 =
36,000 an-\-e e-gw
I-do--K-o-t h-yn-In-dw-
100 uZ-e-e-gw x 360 =
36,000 an-\-e e-gw
I-do--K-o-t h-ynw-f-In-dw-
1,200 uZ-e-e-gw x 360 =
4,32,000 an-\-e e-gw
12,000 uZ-e-e-gw x 360 = 43,20,000
I-do--K-o-t -W-In-d]-co-an-Ww-
an-\-e e-gw
H- N-H--Kw uZ-e-n--tS 1 --Kw-
12,000 x 71 x 360
= 30,67,10,000
H- a-\|--c In-dw-
1,20,00000 x 360
= 432,00,00,000
~-1n-eo-t H- Zo-\w A-t-ocnô

cn
(1,000 Zo-ey--Kw)
A-Xn-b-Hm 1 -wo--tS h-a-b-]-co-[o

A-t-o 1 5--j-b-o-t h-a-bw-
2,40,00,000 uZ-e-e-gw x 360 = 8,64,00,00,000 an-\-e e-gw
~1neot
neot 1 Zo\
Zo\=ww cn
cnôw
-A-Xn-b-Hm 1 -wo D-+-o--uS-w
5--j-b-o-t-w In-dn-e-[o
(H--S-w)
--V-cn-b a--gy hv-P-\y---Ww d-o-n b-Uo-%-. B b-Uw A-e--tS \n-f-o-

In-c-W-an-Wm. h-Xyw ]-l-b-t, a--gy-\m ]o-I-% ]n-So-. a-n-%w tIn--n-tX
D-C--e ]n-]-o-t ]-n-jo-bn-bo -eo-%-. (E-uK|-Zw 10. 117 6.)+xn 481 23
23
-F.-eo. cn-[n-#--tte-Zo-Im
sshZnIXzNnbpsS kamcw`w
-ue-Z-hw--I-%m Zn-f-\o--I-an-b
\o-e-N-\w n-g-bo--tS X-n-ln-u-o-bo--Xo-\n A-Yw, \o-e-N-\w, h-u-X5-Xp-I-, No--eo-n-\pbw, eyn-I-cWw, A-d-n-cw F-p ?-a--jo B-f-b-tj n-g--an-bo hw-ubn-Po-o-m, E-go
h--i- a-\-\w tN-n B-cw-o-.
C--c-tan--h-ap-]-\w F-n-cw-o- F-m
ey-2-an-bo ]-l--I hn-[y-a-. ]n-Wo-\o-eo-I-an-b n-gn-Y-No--I-tj h-an-i-co-Xn-m tte-Zo--I-eyn-I-c-W-. -e
-tt\--2o-I-an-b h-ap-]-\--jo-w
A-u\|-g-Ww tX-jo-m In-Wnw. Ivh
u]n-- eo-Z|n-n Xn-o-I-an-b X-d-jo--tS eo-I-S ue-Zn-Y No--\-ot\n--t--Xo-t\ bn- a-Xo-e--uen-jw
A-[o-u-]o-m a-c-J-7-\w tN-- h-w ue-Zn-Y No--bo-td \n-ko-I-n-m.-n-gn-]-r-Y-\ h|-n-ew ue-Z-o
B-eo--eo- a--n-K--jo h-u-X-h|n-e-an-bo -]w tIn-o--1m. a--u^n
F- -]-In-d-n-c-o-m, ue-Z-h|--]w
A--e--K-n-b--tS 5-Xo-n-b-bo
ue-Z-n-\--]-t A-e-X-co-o-%--m.
'\n-m tIn-w c-1 X-d-w -m tI--I;w G-km ttI-I-;w D- H- eo-No-^-Pp-eo
]-c-a-uZ-e f-p-t D--co--tIn-m h|X|-o B-ue-fo-' F-m eo-Jyn-X-an-b
eoJyn-\-=-an-bo E-uK|-Zw \--tS -o
B-Zo-a-5-Xp-I-a--an-bo 5-Xy--t--.tte-Zo-I-X-|n-Y Z-f-\-o-m
B-Zyw eo-g-b-an-b-Hm 5-]--h---tS
24
481 24 +xn
- ao
aow\w
\w Bg\nZw
uZ-e-Xn-]-c-an-b \o-e-N-\-o-\n-bo--.
C-Xo-t 5n-cw--an-bo-- B-ul-b-X-d\o-e-N-\w. 5-]--o-t B-cw--=w
d-b-\-=w B-ul-b X-n-^-I-jo-dn-tW-
B-g-n-\-o-m E-go-an H-S--ao--Hm
-wn-eo-t\ C--cw h--+w tIn-1m
]-co-No--\w tN-m, uZ-e-Xn h--+-o-\-lw u]n-!- 5-Xo-n-h-o-ud-n-bo--.
C-Xo-t n-gn-]-c-an-b 5-?-a-o-\n-bo-nm 5-#-Xo-5-Xy-b h|-n-e--tj -o-boW-o tte-ZoI n-gn-]--Xo--tS
5n-Np-\ E-go-an H-S--ao--Hm X-t.n-g-bo-td 5-Xp-I-hw--bo
tte-J-co-tb- \n-dn-a-t h-u-Xw
an--g-n-e-an-bo---Xo-\n ue-Z-eyn-Jyn\-X-|-No--bo 'A-lo' hw- -]-c-aIn-c-Wh--+-an-bo; C-Xo-t tte-f-Zy-an-Hw eyn-]-\ h|-n-e-an- Y-W--;w
ttP-e e--Xn-]-c--jn-b In-c-W--;w
A-lo-tb--t -o-b eyn-]n-c
h|-n-e-an-bo--m 5n-W-a-u\n-u_n-[h-n-]-c-an-bo 'C-x'. f-pw tIn-1w
-f-cp-c-o Pp-e D-t-o A-Xo-t
ttN-X-\yw, Zp-]-o-t 5-In-fw -lo-o h-e-^ 5In-fo-%-H-u]n-td,
f-cp-c-an-h-I-dw B-Zn-eo-t ttN-X-\y[n-c 5-e-io-%-. a-\-w C-o-b--;w
F-nw ttN-X-\y--W-=w 5-In-fo-X-=an-bo-co-%w.-- -ttN-X-\yw, B-\-w, h-Xyw
F-o-e-ubn---So h-Zn e-o-%-Xo-\n ~-1w 5-n-\-an-Wm.
h-o-Zn-\--h|--]-an-Wm. (Xucbw)
_-*--J-an-bo \o-e-No-%-I--n-bo.
5-ho- W-m n-gn a-u\n-eo-n-\p-b-\n-b d-In C--cw 5-Xo-n-h--tj
n-g-bo-td B-Zo-a 5-Xp-I--jn-w u_n-[h---tS 5-Xp-I No---jn-w h|p-Ico-; [|-\o--tS h---]-c-an-b -N-\
A-hn-o-[y-]-c--jn-b In-cy--tj hn-[yXn-]-c--jn-bo b-Yn-X-Y-an-bo A-e-X-co-o%--Xo eo-P-bo- F-m ]-l--. C-eotS -No-X-an-!--Hm A--fy-hn-o-[y-an-b
ttZ-e-h--tb hn-[yn-Xn-]-c--jn-b
n-gn No--eo-n-\p-bw tIn-m
ey-2-an-bo 5-Xo-]n-Zo-n I-ko-
F--Xn-m. F-n-do-eo-tS ]n-Ln-Xy-eof-I-d-\-o--o-b eo-f-I-d-\w n-c-Xp-b
A-Y-en-Z-]-c-an-b X-d-o--tS-bn-m
\p---tX- ]-c-an-Y-=w h|p-I-co-u-Xn-bo--1m. tte-Zo-I n-g-bo-td tt\-2o-I-]-c-an-b uZ-e-Xn eo-f-I-d-\-o-t
an-J-I D--co--tIn-m -CXo-t\%lom
a-\-o-dn-nw.-w
w N-X|n-co Kw-w-Kn ^--ubn A-hy-]n-Zn-uZ| fp-cmug h- i-n-uhn A-hy-ô-[n -_-unn ?--g-un ucn-c-ep-Xo-a-uin-uZ-uen a-cmXyn B-eo-ue-f
(E-uK|-Zw. 4.58.3)
C-Xo-t d-x-en-b A-Yw ud-J-\-o-t
H-S--o \-o-bo--m. how-_--I-;-tS,
5-Xp-I--;-tS eyn-Jyn-\-o-m C-^-ub-tl
]-co-I-+-\ d-o-o-- a--n-Kw udn-I-m
a-tn- a-X-hn-io-Xy-o-w \-o-bo-o-
F---Hm X--a- en--e-an-m. 5n-Np\-cn-b ue-Z-eyn-Jyn-Xn--;w, B--\o-Iw, A-Xy-n--\o-I-w, ]n-Ln-Xy-cn-b
B--\o-I-w a--n-K-o-t F-^tb-^ eyn-Jyn-\ ]-co-Wo-Xo-I-jo--tS-bnm I-S- e--Hm. a--o-td '?-g-'
f-pw I-o-m \--tS B--\o-I-\n-b H-
uI-c-jp-b A--c-tan- -Kw Kw-Kn-Xp-cK-n-bo-- F-m h-a-Yo-.-eyn-Jyn-\-o-t A-Xy-Kn-[-an-b H-
e--X-bn-Wp-a--ta--Xo-\n C-Xo-t
5-Xp-In-Y--]-In-d-n-c [-a--jo-ud-%m
H- H-jo--u\n-w an-^-ua hn-[y-an-.

\n-m tIn-t--Hm \n-m ue-Z-=w, -m
]n-Z--tj--Hm n-\-I-a-D-]n-h-\n-eog-b--jn-w A-z-Z-bw, \o-u[-b-m F-Hm c-1m fp-g--jn-w, A- 'nu\
ob;w, AcW=w, BZn=w
uN G?ttII-jn-w -m tI--I
5-#-X-]-c-an-b Y-W--;w -So-uN-
?-g-w (A--r-iw e-go-%-) -c-m
([|-\o-]-c-an-b hn-u-X-t -No-o-m.
f-p-ey-e-in-c-n a--[|-\o) ]-c-a--P\p-b-an-b -f|-c f-p-t -k-o-tn1m 5n-W-h-o---jn-b f-cp-c-o--oud-%m 5-ue-fo-. (ucn-c-ep-Xo, a-Xyn,
B-eo-ue-f) C-Hm uI-e-dw d-L|-an-b eynJyn-\-cp-Xo-an-^-an-m \---Hm. C-Xo-ud-tl
Kv-c-e-]-c-an-bo-n-- No-d h-u-X-anJ-I-I-tj \--tS ]-7o-X-h--iw F-t\-bn-m \-fo-o-%--tX-m ey-2-an-%-Xn-W-m A-- D-Zn-i-c-Ww.-5-]- \o-b-a ey-e-o-Xo--tS N-d-\_--an-b c-m n-e--jn-m b-a f-p-=w
b-ao f-p-=w. C-Xn-I-t Z|--h|-n-e-jn-I-bn C-Hm h|-h-u-X-P-\y-an-b H-uc
N-d-\-o-t c-m e-f- an-^-an-b
cn-=w ]-I--ta-n-W-m tte-Zo-I E-go-an
\o-L-bo-m ]-l- tIn---Hm. ue-Z-odp f-p- E-X-\o-b-a ey-e-o-Xo--tS
an--aon- 5-?o-b-bn-tW-w ]-l-o-m. ]-t, \--tS h|-uZ-fp ]-7o-X h-i-o-m C-Hm A-K-ay K-a-\ a--an-bo-u
In-Wn ]-e-->. ue-Z-o A-K-ay
K-a-\--t-m A-e -o-n-Wo-%-.
F-n eo-uZ-f-r--In-c-\n-b A-unWo-ubn o. Uo. \o-un-jn-m A-Hm -o
v-XoI-h--+-an-tW-m D-l-t--l-o-w,
A-Y-en B 5--X r--o-m -J-=-c
F-?-Xo-b n-\p-gm-uI-c-j ]-7o-X-\n-b
uUn. tl-m -un ]-Wo- C-n-cyw
v-Xp-I ]-o-I-bo e-- -o N-d-\-jn-tW-m D-Zn-i-c-W h-io-Xw F-?-Xo-bow (In-cy-In-c-W-h-io-Xw) uI-c-j-o-td
-2o-en-Zo X--c-Uw t5n-^-h. dn+xn 481 25
25
e-Q--S A-Hm A-K-ay -K-a-\-N-\

-X-t-bn-tW-o-a-eo-[o-tb-?-Xo. \--%m
5-#-X a--o-t \o-eN-\-o-ud-%m
X-t e-cnw.X|-wn --io-u^ e-i-Hw #--uWn-X|Xp-Xo-Zw- -eo-f|w--e-\w h-ua-Xo- -b-a-hy
an-Xn ]-cz-iy-an-\n a-uin-Pn-bn
eo-e-h|-uXn \-\n-f-C-Xo-t A-Y I-+-\ H-]mo-Im/uIn-o-Im
X-d-o e---H-tIn-m \o-e-N-\--joud-%m I-S-nw.1) X|-w: D-Z-b-In-dn-Xm 5n-n-Knw-I-an-do
#--f-ui
iH--X|n-Xm X|-wn2) h-c-Wyw
yw: h-c-Wn-Xm. K-a-\-fp-d-X|n-Xm
--ucyn Z-bn-Xm 5n-n-Im-In-dp-\
D-gx In-dx3) eo-e-h|n
|n: c-Wo-o-cn-Ip-cmW B-Zo-Xy4) b-ax-b-app:: h-c-Wz eo-e-h|-uXn Z--Xp
--]uXn-cmPn-b-an-\ b-a-b-ap--K-jw
X-uan uPynXo-L-eo-f-Zp-I-co-n-tX-X-t C-eo-tS X-a-w
uPyn-Xo--an-m b-a-b-ap- f-p-ta-m eye-i-co-o-co-%-.-X-a-m, 5-In-f-un-w,
5-In-fw C--o-u\n-w eo-S ]-l--un
-So-u--n-tX ]o-co--en hn-[y-a-
X-t, A-v-a-hw-K-a-t-bn-m -]In-Xo-f-bn-d-n-c-h|-n-e-un-tS E-go-anw, a-em ttZ-e E-go-I-;w Z-fo-o--m. b-aob-a-u\n-m hw-K-ua- 5-I-So-o-%-Hm-
A-Y-X-d-o-dn-m. F-n B-[o-vXo-I-an-bX-dw -]-cn-P-b-t--o-S-n-m,
-eyn-Jyn-\-o-t -j-I t]n-o-eo-S--Hm.-A-u\-Iw a-- A-Y-r-i-W-hn-
[y-X-I-jo-n-tX C-un-?w \--%m -o

Io-S--1m. bn-n-Zo-I, te-o-S-an-[-enZo-I, hn-b-Wn-ZoI F-o--t\
5n-Np-\-w, A--e-nNp-\-w \o-Wy-en-Nnwho-I--jn-b a--n-K--jo Io-S-m
a--o-t f-co-bn-b X-d-ua-tX--u\|go-%-. a-n-Yw ubn-K-X-]-L-cyn-Zo-Ijo D-S-td--%- ey-2-u_n-[-X-d-odn-m 5-In-fo-%--tX-m E-go-an
D-Zmu_n-[o-o-%--1m. h-cmue ue-Z-nb-Xm
]-Z-an-a-\-o h-e-ue-Z-]-Z--;w ]-co-No-\-a-io-%-. en-Nw u[---]n-hpXn (en-o-t\ ]-co-dn-jo-u--eo-[w)
tb-w N-X|n-co-en-Im]-co-ao-Xn-]-Zn-\o
en-o-t [|\ynwfw AYXdt
5ISan%1m. Fn enot
\ndnw LSIw ]coaoX]Zjnbo
eocnPo%Hm ua[nrw tInm
Noom AYSXttIen\nm
eocm
cm~n1Wn
Wn
[aooHm; ]opm eo
ub a\pgoWx Fm hianbo
NooHm, eoZ|\ hiom
Cco eynJyn\]cX (ti
a\{oOm)bo H haoXobnboum
AY\oWbw \SWtaXnm.
eof|uXnJueZ
eof|uXn
JueZ FXo
ueZfpw henebefobnb H
5XonhantWw AXot BJyn
\]cX _ndofanb 5?obtw;
X]x h|n[ynb eXIjn f|c
anbo _ttoud Vanb
anYw tejotI=. ]t
CtXnw CntXXt ]coIanb,
\olj,Zbow PKZ|pf|c
anYt 5Zfoo% FHw
(H--S-w)
ene au^.
F-t en-Ko-o-bw a-\-o o-X-an-I-t. a-\-m en-Wo-bo-w o-Xo tN--t.

h|-bw 5-In-f--]o-bn-b Cv-f|-cn! A-m F-t -o B-eo--eo--t. en-%w
a-\-w F-\o-% A-lo-eo-t\-tn-1-e-n-w. Rn uI--Xm F-t te-So-bn-Xo-co--t.
F-t A-[y-b-\w \o-c--cw H-S-c-t. Rn E-Xw (h-Xyw) ]-l--an-ln-I-t. h-Xyw
]-l-w. A-e F-t c-o--t. e-2n-eo-t\ c-o--t. F-t-w e-2n-eo-t-w
c- -eo--t. v-Xo-I-=w ttZ-eo-I-=w B-Zp-b-=-an-b fn-o--n-I-t. (Xucbw)
26
481 26 +xn
- ao
aow\w
\w Bg\nZw
an\epbw (HS)
I-a-dn\ucg
n\uc g
tjmUikwkvImcw
hnan\y5IcWw
hnan\y
IcWw
7. a-w-fw \x uhn-uan -e-H ~-1 fw \x
fw u\n rn-n-en-Wx f- h- b-nx.-fw \x h|--Wnw ao-X-ubn -e- fw
\x 5--h|1x f-a|--ue-Zox..-n-en-Yw:w:- 1) fw \x -e-H = R--%
aw-K-jw -eo--t, uhn-a= uhn-a-d-Xn-Zo
-g-[p e-Kw, ~-1x = _-d-e--I-an-b
A-\y A-n-Zo ]-Zn-Y -, rn-n-en-Wx
= ua-L h--iw, ]n-l-u]n-td I-o--
I---dn-Zo ^-d-, b--n-^-,
-Sn-tX C-5-In-cw \x
\x= R--;-tS h-a-,
b-nx
nx= b--I-a-, f-a D h- =
\o-L-b-an-w fn-o-Zn-b-I-an-I-t, h|-Wnw ao-X-bx = (b--I-a-;-tS) B-[nc--X-\o-b-a--;w eo-[o-\o-ug-[--;w, fw
\x = fn-o Zn-b-I-an-I-t, 5--h| = A-Xot ]-co-Wn-a-^-d-an-b I-a-K-Xo-I, ao-Xbx = A-j-=-I, ]-co-ao-Xo-I, ]-co-[o-I,
A-Xo--a--l---e, \-Xp-Pn = ]-co-W-X-^d- F-nw aw-K-j-I-c-an-bo-co-t, f-am
D A- = R--% fn-o-ub-I-t, ueZox= I-a -a-7-dw, b--a-7-]w, 5-n-gZox
W-ue-Zo, 5-e-N-\-fn-d.2) uhn-ax = b-n-Nn-cy, ~-1= ue-Z
-n-\w, a-w rn-n-en-Wx = E-X|o-P,
n-\o-I, fn-o h-u-f en-i-I,
h|--Wnw ao-X-bx = b-fn-dbo-td
w---;-tS -]-=w B-#-Xo-w, A-j-=I-;w; 5--h|x = A-eo-tS 5-ubn-Ko-o--
fn-I-dy-, a-m -g-[o-I, b--hna-ro-I; ue-Zo =b--fn-d--tS A--cp-
w C-e-tb-nw fn-o-w h-an-[n-\-=w

\---Xn-I-t.3) uhn-ax = uhn-a-c-hw = n-\n-Xw, ~-1w = uhn-a-c-hw !-So-o-%-
~-1-n-\o, rn-n-en-Wx = uhn-a-c-hw
X-n-ln-n-- 5--cw (I-m) A-Y-en
n-\n--Xw h-n-en-ho-I-% \--en
uf-go-w uf--go--- u[-~-w a-inZn-=-an-b n-\o, b-x = \n-\n-X-cw
b--, I--I-a-; h|--Wnw
ao-X-bx = b--w--o-t A-j-=-I,
b--ue-Zo-bo ]n-do-u- B-Nn-c-acyn-Z-I, b- hn-a-ro-I, b--foww C-e-tb-nw h--W-=w -K---2=w ]-co-I--=w aw-K-j-I-c-=-an-bo-co--t.8. a-wfw \x --cy D--N-n D-uZ-H fw
\-L-X-x 5--Zo-ufn -e-.-.-fw \x ]-cme-Xn --e-ubn -e- fw
\x ho--ex f--h-|n-]x..-n-en-Yw:w:- D--N-nx = Pp-en-Zn-%- -wo-]-Zn-Y--tj-%-lo-m -K=w -w-=-an-b A-lo-=--bn, eo--c-uZf-K-u]n-w 5-ho-o-w 5-n-e-=--,
--cyx \x = -cy R--% \- e--t, f-am D-uZ-H = e-c--ubn A-Xo-?wo-ubn e--n-Xo-co--t, N-X-x 5--Zofx = eo--X-an-b \n--]n-w, tIn-w-Ine-u]n-td-- 5-#-Xo un-- D-nIn-Xo-co--t, ]-cme-Xnx --e-bx = -V-=w
A-N--d-=-an-b ]-e-X-, (-I--uan
D--t]n--udn -dw \n-f-\-w--;w x-J+xn 481 27
27
-co-X--;w) D-n-In-Xo-co--t, ho--ex=

x
A-Xo-?-wo--d-w te--tn-w u]n-td- 5-#-Xo -c---jo \o-m R--tj
c-o-n-w, B-]x = A-\n-?-wo--d-w e-c-w R--%-n-In-tX-bo--co--t.-h-e-eyn-]o-bn-bo 5-In-fo-%-
-cy R--% aw-K-j-In-co-bn-e-Ww.
C-j-In- ]-e-X-;w (D--t]n-)
e-n- P-dn-f-b--;w (e-c-) te-tn-w--dw-\n-fw eo-X-n- P-d -unX--I-;w R--%m h--wo-w h-an-[n
-\-=w \---e-bn-I-t.9. a-ww fw u\n A-Zo-Xo-cm-e-H @--uX-ox
fw u\n e- a--Xx h|-cmInx.-fw u\n eo- f- --gn u\n A-
fw u\n -eo-^w f-a|--en-..
(E-uK|-Zw. 7. 35. 9)-n-en-Yw:w:- 1. fw-u\n -e-H = R--%fn-o-ub-I-t, A-Zo-Xo = A-ko-eo-n-
@-X-[n-co-bn-b A-J-7-h|--]o-bn-b
A-Zo-Xo, @-uXn-o = X-t v-Xo-I \o-b-a-jn R--% -Jw \--t, h|-cmInx
a--Xx = F-n-e-%w Pp-e-\-[n-co-bn-b
5-fw-h-\p-b-an-b 5n-W R--%
f-2o \--t, eo-x = eo-f|w -?-e
eyn-]o- e-o-%- ]-I-do- 5-Infw \-- -cy A-Xz--o \o-w
n cn-ô-bo
R--tj c-o--t, --gn=
A--ao-%- -cy-w D-Zo- ufn-o-%-
N--w R--% u]n-g-Ww \---XnI-t, -eo-^-am fw D A- en-x = A-co---an-b P-d-o-t-w, aw-K-j-Zn-b-Ian-b en--eo-t-w (fn-o--2-an-b ]-codn-j-\w \-- e--W-w en--=w) h-I-d
N-cn-N-c--%w A--r-i--W-an-b
-J-=w fn-o-w \--t.2. A-Zo-Xo = A-J-7--]o-bn-b F-n
I-+--jo-w b-Yn-X-Y-an-b A-Y--;-tS
eo-[n-Xn-en-b ue-Z-an-Xn-em, ]-c-a-=w h-Xy=-an-b \o-b-a eo-[n-\-o--tS fn-o--tS
5-e-N-\w \-o R--tj eo-n-\o-I-jn-
28
481 28 +xn
- ao
aow\w
\w Bg\nZw
-t, h|-cmInx = h-a- ]-Zn-Y--;-tSw Y-W-I-a-[-aw -w-an-o, --e-\w =

eo-ue-N-\ -wo-ubn-tS, a--Xx = h-Xy-Z-foI-;w, n-\o-I-;-an-b P-\--;-tS ,-Z-bo 5-eo-w-cn-b -c-Wn-[o-In-co-I
5-Pn-u-a-X-+-c-cn-bo-co--t, -eo-^w =
C--c-o -c-o-X-w, h--w--an-b
R--;-tS n-eoe--an-\-In-d--tj
fn-o--2-anI-t.3. A-Zo-Xo = eo--go-bn-b an-Xn-em A-to eo-Z|n-n--tS an-Xn-em, @--uX-o =
@-X-]n-d-I-cn-b eo-n-\o-I A-e--tS
h-Xy-=w hw-b-a--W-=-an-b Pp-eo-X-o-tS h-XmI-a--jn R--tj fn-o-w
h-an-[n-\-=w \-o A--r-io--t. 5-fwhn ]n-^-an-b A-ucn-K--V-Kn-^-cn-b a-inZn-, eo-x = h-a- ua-J-d-I-jo-w
[-n---jn-b -c-Wn-[o-In-co-I, ?-w A-f-c-W--an-b P-\--tj ]-co-c-o%-I-w A--t\ R--;-tS x-Jw A-Ie-I-w tN--t. A--t\ -c-o-X-w
hw-J---an-b R--;-tS e--an-\-=w
-eo-gy-In-d-=w A-\-K-jw fn-o--W-anbo-p-c-t. --o--l-n G-tXn-
ep-o-dn-uWn h-Zn-I-a-\o-c-X-w eo-fn-d,-Z-b-w Xyn-K-a-bo-w, h-Xy-[-a-\o-~-- eo--go-bn-b an-Xn-=--Hm, A-eo-tS
\- -,-m _--=w, ]-co-Nn-c-I-?--=w,
I-uan-f-I-w ]-c--c u-i-eo-f|n-hun-tS Pp-eo-%- !-w-_nw-K--;w D-Xm B [-iw D--ucn--cw A-o-?-o-w
-f|-cy-=w 5n-]o-%w.10. a-w-fw u\n uZ-ex h-eo-Xn ^n-n-b-an-Wx
fw u\n -e--g uhn eo-n-Xpx.-fw \ ]-cmP-u\yn -e-H 5--Pn-yx
fw \x u-^-hy ]-Xo-c- fw-x..
(E-uK|-Zw. 7. 35. 9)-n-en-Yw:w:- 1. ^n-n-b-an-Wx = c--I-\n-b,
uZ-e h-eo-Xn = 5-In-f-a-b-\n-b -cy,
eo-n-Xpx D-g-hx = D-Zo--b-- a-u\ni-c-an-b 5-n-X-ue-j, 5--Pn-yx = 5n-Wo-
I-n-bo, ]-cmP-\yx = e-g-]n-Xw, fw-

= fn-o-w -J-=w h-ay-Im5-In-uc-W
\-- ]-Zn-Y--;-tS D-+n-Z-I-\n-b, u^--hy-]-Xo = -ao-%-S-b-e-\n-b I-g-I.
B-ucn-Ky-hw-e--I-an-b -y-e---;w
a--Xyn-e-fy-hn-[-\--;w D-+n-Zo-o-m cn{-h--K-e-o-o-%--e-cn-I-t. eo-\nf-In-co-bn-b H- e=w D+nZoontX
h-a--an-\-e-cn-fo-%w -Jw \---e-cn-bop-c-t \--tS I-g-I-h--iw.2. uZ-ex = h--W--J--;w \---e,
h-eo-Xn = D--a I-a--;w, eo-uf-gn-\-=w X-t 5-P-I-;-tS ,-Z-b-o
u5-c-I-an-%- ]-c-an-Zn-eo-t f-2o
R--%w \an-ln-I-uW, eo-n-Xp
D-g-hx = 5-In-f--W-an-%- Pp-e-\Zn-Xn-en-b 5-#-Xo, f-2o-\o-Zn-\-an-b
D-gn-Io-c-W-, ]-cmP-\yx = X-t -woI-Xs-|n-Zo Y-W--tj Pp-eo-I-;-tS
-J-o-\n-bo ue--un ue--^-w
A--r-i-e-g-an-bo tNn-co-n-w, fw-
= aw-K-j-In-co-bn-b, u-^-hy-]-Xo =
5-]--an-!- I-aao--tS A-[o-]-Xobn-b ]-c-an-Zn-eo-t In--Wyw R-% fn-o-Zn-b-I-an-I-t.11. a-w-fw
fw u\n uZ-en eo-f|-uZ-en- -e--fw h-c-h|-Xp h-i- [p-o-c-.-.-f-a-o-gnNx f- cn-Xo-gn-Nx
fw u\n Zo-eynx- -]n-cmYo-enx fw u\n
A-]y.
(E-uK|-Zw 7.35.11)-n-en-Yw:w:- eo-f|-uZ-enx = h-I-d h-Xyeo-Zy-I-;-tS-w h-Xy-[-a--;-tS-w, I-Y-W--;-tS-w 5--e n-\-an-b uZ-e
R--% -J-an-bo -eo--t, uZ-enx =
eo-Z|n-n-cn-b n-\o-I (uPyn-Xo-h|-]-oWo h-c-h|-Xo) h-i [p-ox = eo-Zyn-uZe-X-bn-b h-c-h|-Xp n-\-I-a--]-h-Xo-I-jn A-u\-I 5-In-c-o-- e-o
5-Zn-\w tN--t, \n-\n-eo-[-fo-+-eo-Zyn-Zo
eo-uf-g-n-\- X-m R--tj c-o-Ww, A-o-gn-Nx=
x \n--]n--\o-w n\-5-In-fw e-go-%- uh-e-\-N-H-c-cn-b
A-Y-en h|-w _-d-n-w hn-a-Yy-nw Pp-eo-%- Xn-]-h H-dy-cn-b a--gy,

cn-Xo-gn-Nx = eo-Zy - A-w - [-\w C-ebn hw-c-o-%- Xyn-Ko-I-;w, Zn-\Z-o-W-ue-Z-\w F-o-e-bn Pp-eo-%-e-w R--;-tS I-a-ep-Yo -K-a-an-op--t. Zo-eynx ]n-cmQo-enx A-]ynx
\x fw = -cyn-Zo Zyv udn-I-eo--Xo-I-;w,
#-Yo-eo-bo--, A-w, h|-Ww, A-loc-Yw L-\o-P- N-?-e-o hn-n-Pyw
uZ-f- H-S-o-b-e-w, h---P-d hw-_o-bn-b, e-o, -m, bn-\- -X-dn-b
]n-Qo-e-=w, A--co--=w, P-d-hw_-o--an-b ]-Zn-Y- R--%m fno-w h-an-[n-\-=w \---e-bn-I-t.1) Zo-eynx = Zz-udn-I-n = --cyn-Zo-5In-f-e--, ]n-cmQo-enx = ]n-cmQoe-nx = \-Zo, ]-e-X, ?--, e-\--Xo
G-ew J-\o-P-]-Zn-Y-
2) B]ynx = A
Aco
conx
nx = en
en,,
uaLw BZobnbe 3. ô-o-udn-I-nx
h-cmuen-]-Zn-cmYnx fw--e-.
12. a-w-fw \x h-Xy-h ]-X-ubn -e- fw
u\n A-cme-x f- h- Kn-ex.-fw \-x E--e -#-Xx --i-nx
fw u\n -e- ]o-X-ucn i-ue-i..
(E-uK|-Zw 7.35.12)-n-en-Yw:w:- h-Xy-hy-]-X-b = h-Xyw ]-l-I-w, tN--I-w, [-an--hn-cw b-Ynubn-Kyw 5p-Xo--e-an-bo Pp-eo-%--e,
A-cme-x = -N-co-X-w h-Zn-Nn-c-\o-~-w
B-b 5-ho--n (A-cme-x = !--anw-uhn
A-cme-x. f-X-]-Yw. 3.3.4.7 K-Xo fp-d, ]-co@n-n-P-I [-cmuan-]-uZ-w-P-\.),
.) Kn-ex = Zn-f
-\o-I, X-X|-No--I, fn-o-Zn-b-I-cn-b
uKn--;-tS hw-c--I, E--ex = D--au[-Wo-bo-- tte-n-\o-I, I-dn-In-cn, a--gy--uS-w -K--;-uS-w B-ucnKy-]-co-]n-d-I-cn-b tte-Zy-n, I-c-Iv-fd-eo-Z-e-n R--% fn-o-ubI-t,
-#-X= h-XmI-ao-I-jn-b bn-Kb+xn 481 29
29
tteZoINoI (HS)
-uUn. Fw.-B. cn-uP-gm
""Bcy\m{IaWImcnbmb ""
C{s sshZnIkzcq]w
-C- h-F-eyn-]-I-\n-tW-m tte-ZoI-hn-io-Xy-o In-Wnw. b--uF-Zo C--\m D-]-co-bn-bo bn-tXn-
uZ-e-X--ao-t-m ]-l---m. "Cv
5-]--tan-n-tI eyn-]o-o-co-%-
C- 5-Pn-]-Xo-bn-!-. A-e uPyn-Xo-I-;-uS-w -cy, en-, A-lo F-o-e-uS-w I-n-en-Wm. B C- 16 I-dI-jn (ugn-U-fo) -W--an-Wm.''7 Cv
e-W-\-bo \o-w C- ]-c-an-Zneo-t\-!-lo-%- f-p-an-tW- ey-2-an!--m. b--ue-Z-o--t C-
h-n-n-tW-w e--W cn-Pn-en-tWw ]-l---m. A-Xn-b-Xm C- h-Feyn-]o-bn-b h--bn-tW-w A-Xo-\n
h-n-n-tW-w ey-2-an-!-. F-n
e--W-\n-I-t P-d-o-u-w h---ou-w h|n-ao-bn-Wm. A-Xo-\n e--W
C--u\-n tN-c-Xn-Wm.-8 E-uK|-Z-o-w
7
b-n- Pn-Xx ]-ucn A-u\yn A-o,

-b B-eo-ue-f -e-\n-\o eo-f|n. 5-Pn-]-Xo:................-^p-Wo uPyn-Xo-gow h-N-uX h ugn-U-fo
-(b--ue-Zw 8.36)
C--L h-n-m e--W-L cn-Pn- (b--ue-Zw 8.37)
C- Zz-udn-I-o-u-w #-Yo-ep-udn-Io-u-w h-n-n-tW- ]-l-o--m.-9

C- h-a- N-c--;-uS-w Pp-en-Zn-eou-w h|n-ao-bn-!-.-10 B C--t B-uZf-n-d-t^ Zyn-eyn-#-Yo-eo-I-;w e--W-w
-cy-w 5-e-o-%--Xm.-11 uZ-ep--uZ-ean-tn-w B C--t a-io-a--tS A-w
In-Wn I-ko--I-bo-.-12
-C--t eo-eo-[ --]-
-C-\o \--m C--t eo-eo-[ -]--tj%-lo-m A-+-tan-m No-o-nw. A-Y-Fo C- H-u D-=-te-w A-e
eo-eo-[ ?o-bn-I-dn-]--jn A-u\-I--]o-w \n-a-o-w A-lo-b-t---te-w
]-l-o--m.-13 5-n-X-o ao-^-\n-w
hn-bw-In-d-m e--W-w A-lo--an-w
9
10
11
12
13
C-un Zo-ex #-Yo-eyn-L h-n-m (E-uK|-Zw 1.100.1)

b-hy Zyn-eyn #-Yo-ep........-b-hy @-uX e--uWn
b-hy--cyx -(E-uK|-Zw 1.101.3)
ubn eo-f|-hy P-K-Xx 5n-W-X--Xox (E-uK|-Zw 1.101.5)
\ b-hy uZ-en uZ-e-Xn \ a-cmXn, B-]-L-\ f-euhn A--an-!x (E-uK|-Zw 1.100.15)
h e--Wx hn-b-am A-lo--e-Xo, h ao-^n -e-Xo
-5n-X--Zy-\m. h h-eo-Xn -X|n-j--cp-u-W bn-Xo
-h C-un -X|n. (A-Y-Fw 13.3.13)
ugnUfhwncw
ugnUfhw
ncw (HS)
( S)
uin-a- tN-- n-\o-I, ]--Xo-I -o-bn-%- F-o-\p-b, ua-o,

ua-h, fo-+o-I, h|-W--Wo-n, I-+-Wo-n F-o-e ]-co-ao-X-an-b R--;-tS
hv-I-cy--jo fn-o-w h-an-[n-\-=w \--t, i-ue-i-]o- X-cxx= A-lo-uin-^n-Zo-Ijo A-o--Jy-=w A-lo-=-- ?--e-ubn-[o-I-cn-b n-\o-I R--%m A--r-i-=w
B-fo-en-Z-=w \--t.-C-Xo-t-tb-nw hn-cn-fw C-^-an-^w - h-Xyw ]n-do-%- [-ao-~, eyn-JynXn, Zn-f-\o-I, tte-n-\o-I, A-lo-uin-ô-I-jn-b --I-ao-I, udn-i--Won, C-e--tS-tb-nw d-yw Pp-eo-I-%m fn-cp-co-I-=w, B-Zp-b-=w, hn-an-Po-I-=-an-b
D--Xo-bn-bo-co--Ww. A--t\-bn-bn an-^-ua udn-I-Km fn-o-w h-an-[n-\-=w
-(H-S-w)
D-n-!-I-->.-
30
481 30 +xn
- ao
aow\w
\w Bg\nZw
A-lo-b-t--. B-In-f-o h--co-%un C- h-eo-Xn-en-Wm. a-[yn--odn-I-t X-]o-%- C---an-!-.-P-d-o-w Zz-udn-I-o-w, A--cp-o-w #-Yo-ep-bo-w A-uX C-
X-t-bn-Wm eyn-]o-o-co-%--Xm. P-dw,
#-Yo-eo, A--cp-w, Zz-udn-Iw F-o-e
B C--t h|--]-an-!--te-m A-Y-Fue-Zw ]-l--.-14
-C- -cy-t u]n-w I-nen-tW-m E-uK|-Zw -o-n---m.-15
C--t h-in-b-I-cn-Wm g-i--Xo-w
a--Kw. b--uF-Z-o C--t\ uh-\n\o-bn-w a-in-ubn-n-en-w e-Wo-o-co%-. f--eo-t A-u\-In-bo-cw uh-\n\o-I-tj H--m ]-cn-P-b-t--o-b-Xn-bo
]-l---m. B C--t h-i-ubn-Ko-I
g-i--Xo H-S-o-b uZ-e-K-W--jn-Wm.
g-i--Xo e-d-H-e-f-Kw uhn-a H--=w.
a--Xm uZ-e C--uh-\--tS A-r-P-\n-w
-w tN---te-m b--uF-Zw ]-l-.-16 C-eo-tS C--t\ -ao-U-tc tIn--e\n-b- a-\-o-dn-u--Xm. f-- Ina-u?n-[-udn--uan-in-Zo-I-jn-Wm. C--t\-
B-Zn-eo-u\n-tSn-w g-i--Xo A-Y-en
e-o, uhn-aw A-Y-en f-2o-X-|w a-m A-Y-en 5n-W-f-2o F-o-e uN-un-kn-Wm In-a-u?n-[n-Zo f---tj ]-cnP-b-t--n I-ko--I. e-o-f-2o--uSw 5n-W-f-2o--uS-w h-i-ubn-K-n
C--\m A-Y-en B-Zn-em ]n-]w, -eo-Nncw H-S-o-b ?-^-n-tc A-Y-en f---tj
P-bo-n-\n-.A-f|-\o-I-;w h-c-h|-Xo-w C--\m
f-2o \-!--te-w b--uF-Zw -o14
15
16
-
h e--Wx hn-b-am A-lo--e-Xo, h ao-u^n -e-Xo

5n-X--Zy-\m, h h-eo-Xn -X|n-f-cp-u-W bn-Xo
h C-un -X|n (A-Y-Fw 13.3.13)
-bn X C- X--c-<, bn #-Yo-eynw -bn--c-lv
bn X C- ]-e-an-u\ h|-c||o-Zo--b-ub- X-\|n3-cpw eyn-]o-Y-z -(A-Y-Fw 17.1.13)
A-P-\-b-Xm -cy-am- -(E-uK|-Zw 2.19.3)
b--uF-Zw 17.33 -X 49 e-tc
C- B-hnw u\-Xn, g-i--Xo Z-o-Wn,--!-c G-H uhn-ax, a--uXn-b-|-r-am.
-(b--uF-Zw 17.40)
n-Wo-%-.
-h-c-h|-Xp--A-f|-\n--C--a-e--b-\m
(b--uF-Zw 21.51)
-A-f|-\o-I-;w h-c-h|-Xo-w B-Zn-en-b
C--\m uX-P-m, 5n-W, _-dw, I-Bw,
ep-cyw, a-Xo, f-2o, Hn-P-m, a-\z (A-[-un-- u?n-[w) F-p Y-W- 5-Zn\w tN--.
-5n-Ww \ ep-cy-am, I-?w \ uPyn-Xox
-Hn-uPn \---Xox (b--uF--Zw 21.48 --X
56 e-tc a-- In--I)
-A-Xn-b-Xm C- C-eo-tS Pp-en-Zn-eo-t\
5-Xo-\o-[p-I-co-%-I-bn-tW- ]-l--etn. B Pp-en-Zn-eo-\m A-f|o-\p A-Xnb-Xm 5n-Wn-]n-\-f-2o-bo-<-tS h-c-h|-Xo
A-Y-en -i-n \n-Uo-bo--tS uhn-a-c-hw
F-n-X-c-o--- Dv--t \-!.
-C--\m A-Y-en Pp-en-Zn-eo-\m A-u\Iw uZ-e-X-I-;-an-bo hw-_---t-m
b--uF-Zw (18nw A-yn-bw) -o-n--m. D-Zn-i-c-W-an-bo A-lo, uhn-aw,
h-eo-X, h-c-h|-Xo, -gn, g-i--Xo,
ao-^, e--W, a--m, eo-uf|-uZ-e H-So-b uZ-e-X-I-;-an-tb-nw C--\m hw-_--t-m ue-Zw ]-l--.-(17) A-Xn-b-Xm
Cv uZ-e-X-I-jn-Wm C--t\- Pp-en-Zn-eo\m Dv-w 5-Zn-\w tN---tX--Qw.
Cv uZ-e-X-I-tj-nw Dv--o-t
eo-o- -]- an-^-an-Wm.
-(H-S-w)
(Iko dw eou]nb
eo u]nb BSm
Smu\nI
\n I
uNoco%
uNoco
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
XnZniCun ~u1XoIvgo. 6.14

Cobam CdowMmKam. C BZnInfoIn,
Awn[ynbo 5.2.93
a\ Guex (fX]Yw 12.9.1.13)
b\x h Cx (uKn]Yw 2.4.11)
5nuW Guex (fX]Yw 12.9.1.14)
enKm C (fX]Yw 8.4.2.3)
epcyaox (ttXpcobw 1.7.2.2)
ucX Cx (fX]Yw 12.9.1.17)
CunuPynXouPynXoco CXo (Ivgo. 14.1)
Cx hen uZeXn Cu[~n uZenx
(fX]Yw 3.4.2.2)
bnw ua[nw uZeKWnw ]oXcu

]oXcuLn]nhuX.
n]nhuX.
+xn 481 31
31
]vcnWoINoI (HS)
B. ]--P-e-o, --S-
thZhpw thZmhpw
eoueIUnaWo
eoueI
UnaWo
u^n-Iw 29
-a--a-[y-a--]n-]o-tte-cn-uKy-W f-an-Zo-\n-5-hn-uZ-\ Y--ucn-u--bw-5-?-n --b-uX ^-dw-]]-Z-u--Zw:w:- a--a-[y-a--]n A-]o
tte-cn-uKy-W f-an-Zo-\n 5--hn-uZ-\ Y--ucnx
hn C-bw 5-?-n --b-uX ^-dw.-A-\|-bw:w:- a--a-[y-a--]n A-]o tte-cn
-uKy-W f-an-Zo-\n Y--ucnx 5--hn-uZ-\ N
hn C-bw 5-?-n (h-Xo) ^-dw --b-uX.-A-Yw:w:- a--a-[y-a--]n A-]o = a-w a-[yaw F-p -]-o---Xn-tW-o-w, ttecn-uKy-W f-an-Zo-\n = tte-cn-Kyw-tIn-1w
f-an-Zo-I tIn-1w, Y--ucnx 5--hn-uZ-\ N
= Y--eo-t 5-hn-Zw-tIn-1w, hn C-bw
(--E-Xn)) 5-?-n (h-Xo) = C--l-
--E-X|w e-j- e--un, ^-dw --buX = ^-d-t 5-h-eo-%- (^-dw D-n!-), ?o-b -b-uX.. --b-uX = 5-h-eo%-.-a-w a-[y-aw F-p ?-a-o e-j-tc
hn-e-[n-\w e-j- 5n-]o-n-m --E-X|w
^-d-5n-o- bo-td-K--Xm. A-i-n-c-t
Xy-Po-%-en-w C-o-b-dn-j-\-t D-u]o-%-en-w \-u 5-bn-h-an-m.
Pp-eo-X-In-d-K-X-t uan-w ue-Wta-n-r-io-%- No-d F-^ Xyn-K-=w
h-io-n X-n-ln-!-. F-^ B-Zn-YX--n-bo--n-w -p-c-an-b hn-[-\-I
tN--en I-ko- bn-tX h|-w A-d-h-Xtb A-]-d-]o- No-d ]o- en-n-c-1m.
a-e No-d \n-a-an-^-an-bo-u G-tXo-w
32
481 32 +xn
- ao
aow\w
\w Bg\nZw
fo--W-o-m A-e-tc eo-u[-b-cn-n-c->.

F-un-ukn H-co- a-\-o-t -cn-riw
te-So-m h-a-No--X ]n-do-%-en
I-ko-- -]-w A---eo-n-\o-S-bn-!-
fn--X B-I-g-I-an-bo uXn--I-bn
A--t\-- fn-o-%-ue-o a-\-
]o-t-w ]o-t-w tIn-Xo-n-c-1m. H-co-d---e-t-- fn-o ]o-t-w fn-o-tS an-Kw uX--en u5-c-W \--.H-cn-;w A-bn-;-tS B[yn-Zo-I-bn-^bo G-I-\-. A-bn eo-f|n-h-un-w
-2o-ubn-w B-Z-c-uen-w--So D-e-u\n-%-
f-2o-hw--2-an-b H- n-\-uI-w
D-n-bo-co-%w. d-y-an-J-I-tb Y-
F- eo-jo-%-. h|-bw 5-In-f-h|--]un-tS ,-u-f-K P|-do--tIn-o-co-%-Hw A-n-\-Xo-ao-c-t an-o--j--H-an-b -f|-c-hn-o-[y-t-bn-m
C-eo-tS Y- F- ]-l---Hm. No-d-un
n-Kyn-Xo-uc-I-n hw-I--an-b
h-Xy-5-In-f-t D-tn-m, A-Xo-t\
eo-Io-c-Ww tN--en I-ko-- B-Nn-cy\o No-d Y--eo-t\ I-t-o-tb-e-cnw. A--t\-- H- Y--eo-u\n--
_--t h--Zn-b-o-td H- ey-2oubn-- hn-u]--an-b _--an-bo tX-o-co---Xm. A-I-ua-bo-- B--Xo-I-anbo B-I-ue A-lo-- n-\-t-bn-m
Y--en-bo F-uB--Xm. B \o-Xy-I--an-b
A-lo-eo-t D-S-a-ubn- _--t-n B
B-Nn-cy In---Xm hn-u]--hw-_-- H- ey-2o-tb B-bo-co-%-I-bo-.
H- uUn-+-%m X-t ucn-Ko B-Zy-anbotn- ucn-Ko-bn-m. A-bn-jo-td a--gy-t\
I-t-o-dn-bo I-o-t-o-dn-bo. an-Xn]o-Xn- In---Hm a-I-u\-ubn a-I-ujubn B-m. A-n-tX -W-h--ubn--So-b H- Pp-e--]-t-b-. Y- X-t
fo-gy-\o-w fo-gy-bo-w In---Xm hn-io-I-an-b H- _--t B-bo-co-%-Ibo-. fo-gy-n-\-K-\o---e--tS eoIn-c-o-w eo-Nn-c-o-w 5-?-o-bo-w
D-n-!- ]n-jo---tS In-c-W-o-ud-%an-^w Y- D-e-u\n-%-; eo-I-d-an-b In-cW--tj F-5-In-cw H-ko-en-n-ta- In-Wy-un-tS a-\-o-dn-o-tn--%-.
eo-Zyn-Yo an-\-ho-I-an-w tt\-Xo-I-an-w
fn-cp-co-I-an-w ucn-K-r--\n-bo-co-%-te-o F--t\-- No-Io-e-tIn-m
B-ucn-Kyw !-\x-n-]o-n-ta- ]-To-o-tIn--%-. h--Zn-b-o-t ey-e-bo-w 5-e--\-o--- tX-e-I-jn-
ey-2o-tb !--n-c-\n-%--tX-o B
h--i-o- ]-co-e--\--n-%--Xom B-Nn-cy an-K-Z-fo-bn-bo -eo-%-.
A--t\-- H---a-_--eo-t dn-w
tIn-1 h|n-X-yw u\--en Inw-o-%-e 5n-ub-W A-Xo- I-ko-=--e-cn-bo
-eo-%-.-u^n-Iw 30
-tte-cn-Kyw N --E-X|w-Xp-@w b-hy H eo-Zy-uX-X-o-u-en-cmY-e-x-hzx ^-d-e-x f-an-Z-bx-]-Z-u--Zw:w:- tte-cn-Kyw N --E-X|w Xp-@w
b-hy H eo-Zy-uX X-o G-e A-cmY-e-x
hzx ^-d-e-x f-an-Z-bx-A-\|-bw:w:- b-hy H Xp-@w tte-cn-Kyw
--E-X|w N eo-Zy-uX X-o G-e f-an-Zbx A-cmY-e-x ^-d-e-x N hzx-A-Yw:w:- b-hy H = bn-tXn--e-\o
B-I-t, Xp-@w tte-cn-Kyw = Xp-@-an-b
tte-cn-Ky-=w, --E-X|w N = uan--o- B-r-i-=w D-j-j-Xm (In-W-t---Hm),
X-o G-e = A-e-\o an-^-ta, f-an-Zbx A-cmY-e-x = f-aw -X-dn-b Y-W-
A-Y---e-w, ^-d-e-x N hzx = ^-d--
-e-w B-!-->.
-(hzx F--H ?o-b-bn-m. \n-a-%w ?o-b-I-%w G-I-e-N-\w Z|o-e-N-\w
_-*-e-N-\w F- - e-N-\- ep-X-m. hw--X-n-g-bo -ucn ?o-b-w
]-K-In-d- (d-In-c-) D-m. A-e
d-Sm, udn-Sm, d-Mm, eo-[o-do-Mm, do-Sm, -Sm, -Sm,
B-fp-cmdo-Mm, -Mm, -Mm F-o-e-bn-m.
hzx F--Xm A-hm F- ?o-bn-[n-H-eo-t
eo-[o-do-Mm-]-an-b _-*-e-N-\-an-m.
hyn-Xm G-I-e-N-\w, hyn-Xnw Z|o-e-N-\w,
hzx _-*-e-N-\w (hyn-Xm - hyn-Xnw hzx). A-hm[n-H e--an-\-In-d--]w
A-o. A-o = D-m, hyn-Xm = D-n-I-t,
D-n-I-Ww, D-n-Inw F-m eo-[o-do-Mo-m
A-Yw)H--e p--en-m. X-t Cw-Ko-X-tj a-e--e A-lo---Xo d-n-en-m. A-H-tIn-1m h--i-o
A--t\-tbn-cn D-t--u]n-w A-lobn--eo-[-o A-bn A-S-o-tbn-Ho Pp-eo-%-. H-c-Y-o A-bn-%
[n-cn-jw f-aw D-t- ]-l-bnw. B-tc-ow A-bn-tj 5-uIn- ]o-o----eo-[w
t]--an-lo-bn-w p--X|w-tIn-m A-bn
5-Xo-I-co-%-o-. A-H-tIn-m a-e--e-tS I-Bo A-bn Z-aw D--e-\n-m.
H-o-w A-bn-%-Xn-+-cy-ao-, A-c-ho-I\n-m, B-ucn-w uN-co-, In-]-Sy-ao-n-e-\n-m. C-bn -%m H- an-Xo-co \o-ug-[nZ-I-an-b Xo-Xo- D-t- ue-W-ta-o
]-l-bnw. I-?-X-w a-ew F- I-w-X-w
h-io-%--H-u]n-td \o-e-o-uI--tInm Xo-Xo--tb -g-W-an-%--e--1m.
C-tXn-w-tIn-m A-e h-an-[n-\w
D-n-!-o-. A-e-t f-a-Z-an-Zo-I-tj-nw
A-Y---Hw ^-d---Hw B-bo-p-c-Wta-o A-e Xp-@-tte-cn-Ky-un-tS,
uan-w Io-o-bn-ud A-S- F- -V-an-b
d-y-u_n-[-un-tS H-ucn eo-\n-ko-I-w
Pp-eo-%--en-bo-co--Ww.-ao- B-;-I-jo-w c-1-an-Xo-co h|-ne- In---1m. No-d In-cy--jo
+xn 481 33
33
In-cy- ue-- H-u]n-td B-bo-t-ow G-I-uZ-fw f-co-u]n-td In-W-t-n

A--t\-a-Xo F- Xp--an-\o-%- H-
a-u\n-n-e--m. ue-tl No-d In-cy--jo
F--t\-bo-co--W-ta- Xn I--H-H-u]n-td- X-t-bo-co--Ww F- \o_--e-o In-. No-d B-;-I-%m
F-w F--t\--ao---tIn--t F-
D-u]--bn-m. H-o-w \o-_--e-o-ub
C-. en--e-o c-1-a-u\n-n-e--e-w A-[yn-Z-Pp-eo-Xw \-bo-n
ubn-Ky-c-. A-[yn-Z-h-Xy-t -\oo Pp-eo--W-ta-n-r-io-%--e
K-Wo-X--n-tc-un-td-bn-m. A-e
fn-p-b-an-bo--t No-o-%-I-w Pp-eo%-I-w tN--. fn-p-b-X--tS h|-n-ew
\p-%-u]n-o-n--Xn-m. c-1w c-1w \nud B-bo-co-%-I-->. 3.999 B-bn-w f-cobn-=-I-bo-. A-Kn-[-an-b H- K-w
Nn-So--S-n [-ao-%-un \n-dotdn
- th-p-ap--ul tX-o--> F- ]-l--Xo-d-Y-ao-. A-bn ]--!-ko-bo-ep-
X-d-t]n-o a-co--u]n-!w. A-H-tIn-m
-K-e-ZmKp-X, tt_-_o, V-B F-p
r---jo X-XmI-n- [-a-Zp-tb \p-%-u]n-o-n--Xn-o te-o-co%-. hn-u]--an-b [-aw A--h-co-
F- e--o-bn-u]n-cn, ]-c-a-an-b
[-a-t--t D-tn-u a-Xo-bn->.
h-cme [-cman
A-H-tIn-m -K-e-ZmKp-X "h]-co-Xy-Py-an-ua-Iw f-c-Ww @--P" F--lRn d-y-=w
o- ]-l-o-co-%-. "Rn
an-K-=w te-jo--=w B-!-. F-o&--So-b-n-tX h|-K-cn-Py-o B-w
5--ue-fo-%-o-" F-m tt_-_o-jo
ub-I?o- ]-l--. dn-C-dn-im C--nim (A-e-\-n-tX ue-tl ttZ-e-ao-) F-
V-B-\o-w Xp-K ]-l-o-co-%-.
C-tX-nw K-Wo-X--u-H -u]n-td Xp-an-\-- h-Xy-an-m.-h-Xyw u_n-[y-an-b-e-m A-H-hn-c-ao-
F- ]-l--en I-ko-bo-. A-h-Xy-t
Aw-Kp-I-co--tIn-m, hn-u]--an-b dn--
34
481 34 +xn
- ao
aow\w
\w Bg\nZw
o--ue-o eo--ep-G tN---Xo-t\-bn-

]n-]w F- ]-l---Hm. uIn-S-Xo-I-jo
e-p-d-n A--h-Xy--tj h-Xy-an-on-Wo-%--Hw hw-K-X-a-n- \yn-b
-tj A-n-\-o D--co-%--Hw
\yn-bn-[o-]-n \yn-b-t e-j-tn-Som
eo-[o-I-+o-%--Hw eo-Zyn-d-b--jo
5-Xo--tb an-\o-n-tX A-[yn-]-I
]--]n-X-e-o-In-Wo-%--Hw I--e-S
-d-m D-+--o-t eo-d-w A-Xot dyXw AlootInm
eeotMoteIw A\ynb an-b-dnw D-n-%-I-w tN---Hw C-n-Xo-co
]n-]-o--Zn-i-c-W-an-m. C--t\ D-W-un -X D-l---H-e-tc-- F-n
Pp-eo-X eyn-]n-c--jo-w h-Xy-o-t
u\-% I-B-S-- h|-n-ew \nw In--1m. A-H tN-n-Xo-co-%--Xn-m b-YnY-o-- tte-cn-Kyw. A-n-tX -pb-an-b No-d -J-un-K- ue-t-
te---H an-^-a-. eo-g-b-o \o_-w --un-cw e-o --X --X
h-Xy-h--an-bo, fn-n--h-c-an-bo -eo%-. A-5-In-c-- -V-e-o-tb e-jK--Xo-\n-m Z--X F- ]-l---Hm.F--e-n-w X-\o-% -V-u_n-[y- h-Xy -o-\o-w \p-Xo-bo-\ow h-a--w--ujn- \yn-b-an-bo In-Wou- In--Wy-o \o-w h|n-Y-]-can-b Xn-+-cy-t -m A-an-^w eyXo-N-do-%-I-bo- F- \o-_-w D-nboco-%-un Xp-@-tte-cn-Kyan-bo. H-
tX-o- - \o--un tX-e-In-c-\nbo
F- an-^-a-, tX-e tN---e F-
!--u_n-[w A-e-t\ f-2o- eo-ip-\
B-%-I-w tN--. A-H-tIn-1m a-e-e--tS tX-e Xo--K-en ue- [n-ao-I
f-2o \-w-t--. h-ew-K-o--]-I-cw
x-hw-Kw e-j- e--. C--t\-- -co-an-\-t e--\- \o-l- e-dI-jn-o
a--gy A-u\yn-\yw ]o-So- _-o--tIno-co-%-.tX-n-b --tI--I-jo-\o- eo--X
p]ew (HS)
Uo. Iadnnbo
thZImehpw kv{XoIfpw
A-[yn-bw 8
u--i-a-bobnb A-8. aw
a w
an-Xn uZ-en-\n-a-Zo-uXc-\p-Iw
-b--hy uI-H-cm g--i-Xp eo-n-ip.
-5-f-o-#-Zm ~-1-uW u\n ezn
ez
-u\n P-u\ P-\-b eo-f|-en-uc..
(E-uK|-Zw. 1. 113. 19)
-n-en-Yw:w:- ui! D-gn- h-an-\w 5n-WZn-bo-\o-bn-b A-u! eo-Z|n-n-w ]-co-WX-5---an-b h-n-\--% \p P-w
\-. cn-{-c--I-cn-b uh-\-tb-un-td
cn-Py-c- tN-. uZ-e--P, hw-K-Xp-I-c-Ww
Zn-\w C-e-bn-I-t \o-t uZ-fp-b ]-Xn-Ibo-td - \o-l-. A--t\ a-in-a-ioan-a-bo-bn-b -\o-t Ip-o-- h-a--uZf-Kw 5-f--an-I-t. R--tj A-n\-an-!- uLn-cn--In-c-o \o-m
c-o-m n-\-5-In-f-o-t -ufn-
]-c-o Ip-o-an-n-cn-&. F-n-e-tc-w
H--u]n-td h|p-I-co-%- u-i-a-bo-bn-b
A-u! f-c-Wn-K-X- ]-co-]n-d-I-bn-b A--tS A--r-i-w h--i-a-[y-o R-tj 5-f--w 5-ho---an--t.
-a-n-Y -So--Woo::- ui! D-gn-ub-untd
5n-W-Zn-b-\o-bn-b an-Xn-ue! g--i-Xo =
a-in-a-io-an-a-bo-bn-b \p. uZ-en-\nw =

eo-Z|n-n-cn-b h-n-\--;-tS, an-Xn =
an-Xn-em, A-Zo-uX = an-J-cn-Py-o-t,
A-\p-Iw = uh-\-% H-dyw f-2-w c-I--an-m. X---a- a-i-n-b g-i-Xm
b--bn-K--;-tS uI-H = A--~n-\-o-tS eo-P-b-]-Xn-I ]-l-o-m ufn-o-%-.
~-1-uW=
W n-\-5-In-f-o--ue-o,
\x = R--tj, 5--f-p-#-Xm = 5-f--cno \p, eo D- = A-eo-Zyn--], A-n\n--In-c-t -cp-I-co-m, eo-f|-en-uc =
h-I-d-%w B-[-b-an-bo f-c-Wn-K-X-]-co^n-W-bn-bo eo-d-- A-u, P-u\ = P-\a-[y-o B P-\-b = R--tj \---tS
5-Xp-I-an-o !-\-P-w \-o A--r-ion-w.
-A-Zo-Xo = --ao (\o-L. 11.1)
1) ez- = eo D-Ooeo-en-uh. A-\p-Iw = uh-\9. aww
a-ui u\n A-Zy --eo-Xn-b-u_n-[zugn a-ui hv--Kn-b
5--b-o -No-^w c-bow b-f-hw
u[-iy-u-- -uZ-eo a-cmuX-i-an--go
[--e-hz-am.(E-uK|-Zw. 7. 75. 4)
ueZ=ww ueZn=w
ueZ
ueZn
w (HS)
( S)
Io-o-bn an-^-ta I-w ]-l-bn-Xo-co-%-en-w I-w tN-n-Xo-co-%-en-w A-\p-Xo

In-n-Xo-co-%-en-w hn-[o-%-an-lm h|-X--\n-bo Xp--I-->. C-eo-tS ]-l-- uan-w
F-n--c-o--- tX-n-b, \p-Xo-bo-n-, A-h-Xy-an-b H-K-Xp--I-jo-\o--
uan--an-m. h-Xyw ]-l--en-- h|n-X-yw D-n-bo-co-%-I, B-Xy-o-I-an-bo u-io%-en-- h|-X-y-t D-b-o-o-So-%-I, C-Xo-t\-nw Xp--an-\-- H- -V-e-oue-Ww. A--t\---e--tS Pp-eo-X-o an-^-ua f-a-Z-an-Zo g-SmI-h--o h-Xy--Xn-bo -eo-%-I--j-<.
(H-S-w)
+xn 481 35
35
-n-en-Yw:w:- A--ubn D-g-ntb-un-td uXP-h|o-\o-bn-b A-u R--tj a-i-n-b

h|-n-e---e-w h-n-K-Nn-co-I-;-an-bo
Pp-eo-n u5-c-W \-o 5--cn-o-bnw. \p-Xo--2-=w \o-b-an--h-c-W-=-an-bo
a-in-hv-n-Ky-fn-do-I-jn-bo Pp-eo-n
R--tj A--r-io--tW. \-f|-c-an-b
a--gy P--o u[-~-w -f|-cy-fndo-I-;-an-bo Pp-eo-m A-\-f|-c-cn-bo-p-cn
Zo-ey-Y-W-fn-do-bn-b A- R--tj f-2cn-o-bn-w.
-a-n-Y- So--Wo:o:-ui! D-g-ntb-un-td
uX-P-h|o-bn-b an-Xn-ue, A-Zy = C-m,
a-ui = a-i-n-b, --eo-Xn-b = h-n-Ko-\n-bo, \x = R--tj, u_n-[o = 5-e
-cn-%-I, hv-n-Ky = hv-n-Ky-o-ue-o, 5-- b-o = \o-b-a ]-cn-b-Wcn-o
an-e-I, A-\p-Xo tN-n C-S-bn---uX.
A-u = R--tj, No-^w = A-W-Xw, b-fhw = Ip-o-I-cw, c-bow = -f|cyw,
u[-io = 5-Zn-\w tN--I, an--gp uZ-eo
= a--gy-ew-f-o-t -f|-cy- uZ-e-uX,
X,
a-cmuX|-i = a--gy-o-So, [--e-hzx =
Ip-o---e-cn C-o-%--en-cn-%-I.
--eo-X- C-Xm, h-n-cmKm (C-Wm K-Xv)
5 b-o = 5-- b- D-]-c-ua, [--e-hzx = [
-ex Ip-cmo In-a-b-uX C-Xo.
I|-Nm 5--Xy-bw.
10. aw
a w
A-o-en-an- --uc A-ao-^--un-n-epw
-K-e{-Xo-a--bw #--[p- \x
-bne-b uZ|-g B- -cn e--\o
-uNn-Z-b cn-u[n [--W-uX a-uLn-\o..
(E-uK|-Zw. 7. 77. 4)
-n-en-Yw:w:- A--ubn Zo-ey-5-n-a-bo-bn-b
A-u A-\--=w --c-=-an-b Y-W-;-tS \o-[o h--b-an-m A-. R--tj
f---jo \o-m c-o-m, h-n-K-Pp-eoX-o--tS 5-f--cn-o, eo-fn-d-an-b I-ey-an-K-o--tS \o--bw Pp-eo-n
A--b-e-c-Z-bn-b A- h-in-bo--Ww.
uZ|-g-n-e-t R--;-tS ,-Z-b-o
\o--I-o A--tb -Xo-%--e-tc A--r-
36
481 36 +xn
- ao
aow\w
\w Bg\nZw
io-m -f|-cy-fn-do-I-jn-%-I.
-a-n-Y -So--Woo::- D-gn-ub-un-td 5-Inen-a = h-I-d
f-a-bo-bnb A-u! A-o-enh-ZmY-W--]-an-b -f|-cy--;-tS-w
C-co-o-S-an-b, A-ao-^w = ao-^--j-n-
F-Xo-cn-jo-I, --uc D- = -So- -tc-j--I, \x = R--%-ue-o, D-cmeo =
eo--X-=w eo-fn-d-=-an-b, K-e{-Xow = I-ey-an-K-t, A--bw = \o--b-X|w,
#--[o = 5-f--cn-%-I, uZ|-gx = uZ|-g-ne-t, bn-e-b = A-I-o--j--I a-uLn-\p
= 5-f--=w -f|-cy-e-Xo--an-b A-u!
e--\o = h--Zmh--o, B -cm = \--I,
[--W-uX = F-t un--n-bo, cn-[x =
h-^-d-Xn, uNn-Z-b = u5-co-o-%-I. A-oen-an = A-o, A-o-uI h-ap-u] en-aw
5-f-hyw -f|-cyw b-hynx hn. en-a-5f-hy (\o-L. 3. 8)
-D- = A-p eo-en-uh, K-a{-Xow - an-Kw
(Z-bn. n. E-uK|-Zw. 5. 66. 3). uNn-Z-b - --Zm u5u -c-uW.
11. a
aww
A-Zo-Xo-cm u\n Zo-en ]-J-\mZo-Xo-cm
\-2-a-Z|-bnx. -A-Zo-Xox ]n-X|w-i-hx
h-Zn-?-[nx
(E-uK|-Zw. 8. 18. 6)
-n-en-Yw:w:- eo-{-eo-\n-fo-w H--tIn1w -lo-m c-n-n-\n-In--e-;-an-b
A---tS c-n-I-e-N-o R--tjw -c-o-X-an-bo-co-%-en A---tS
hn-ap-]yw F-un-?w R--jn-r-io-%-Ibn-m. A-H R--%m fn-o-w h-an[n-\-=w X--. R--;-tS ,-Z-b-o-w,
5-?-o-bo-w H--u]n-td \o-l- \o--
B ttN-X-\yw ]-I-td-un cn-ô-tb-un
u-Z-ao-n-tX h-Zn R--ujn-tSn---n-bo
R--tj eo-ue-I-=w I--ey-u_n-[-=--e-cn--uW. R--;-tS D--Xo B-r-io%- A- R--tj eo-\n-f-I-c-an-b
]n-]--jo \o- -2-cn-o c-o-%-I.
-a-n-Y- So--Woo::- A-Zo-Xox = -lo-m uet]--n-\n-en- A-, Zo-e = Zo-e-hw,
]-I, \x = R-, ]-Iw = In-Wn-w
eo-ue-I--ew No-o-n--- f-2o \-I, Z|-bx = en-%w 5-?-o-w H-n-bo-co%-, \-2w = cn-ô-bo-w (cn-=w ]-I-w
ey-Xyn-h-ao-n-tX h-Zn Z-f-\-=w \--w
5-Zn-\w tN--), h-Zn-?-[n = h-Zn D-Xo-bo-ud-% \-bo-%-, Aw-i-hx = eo-\nf-I-c-an-b ]n-]- ?-o-I-jo \o-m, ]n-H
= c-o-n-w.
-AA-Zo-Xo - \- Zo-Xo;
o A-J-7o-X, uZn A-eJ-7-u\-. A-Zo-Xox - A-Zp-\n uZ-e-an-Xn
(\o--2w 44/22)
22) A
A-Z|Z|-b-\
\ eo-Zy-uX Z|-bw
a\hy\yXm IcmaWy\yZm C-Xo Z|o-eo-[-anN-c-Ww b-hynx hn, O-d-I-]-Sn-Zo-c-io-Xn.
]-I--wo-f-2o, Z-f-\w, eo-ue-Iw ]-I-]fy-uX (\o--2w 3.16)
12. aw
a w
D-X- hyn- u\n Zo-en a-Xo-c-Zo-Xo--Xyn
-K-a-Xm. -hn fwXn-Xo
-a-b--c-Z-]o-o-[x.. (E-uK|-Zw. 8. 18. 7)
w:- a-\-\-fp-d-w, A-Zp-\-w, A-J-n-en-Yw:7o-X--an-b B A- 5-Xo-Zo-\w A--tS c-n-I-e-N-o-t O-^-On-bbo
R--;-tS h-ap-]-K e-n-w. fn-o Zn-bI-an-b -Jw 5-Zn-\w tN---uXn-tSn-w
iow-hn-?-o-bo \o-w, -l-ao-I-jo
\o-w R--tj -tc A-I-e--Xo-m A--tS hn-ap-]yw R----r-i-an-!w.
o:- D-X= -Sn-tX, hyn =
-a-n-Y- So--Wo:B, a-Xo = a-\-\-fp-dw, A-Zo-Xo = A-Zp-\,
A-J-7o-X-bn-b A-, Zo-e = Zo-\w-uXn-cw,
D-Xyn = c-n-h-a-\|o-Xw, \ = R--;-tS
fw-XnXn-Xo =
h-ap-]w, B-K-a-Xm = e-n-w, fw
fn-o-Zn-b-Iw, a-bx = -Jw, IcXm = tIn-%-I, o-o-[x = iow-hn-?-o, A-?-a-en-h\---e-tc, A-] = -tc-bn-%-I.
13. aw
a
A-u\-uin \ D-@--uP,
D--No eo -5-h-cmX-ue.
-#-[o uXn-In-b Pp-e-uh..
(E-uK|-Zw. 8. 67. 12)
w:- ui! eo-fn-d n-\--]-n-en-Yw:n K-a-\ -fp-d-bn-b a-in-I-a-!-f-dbn-b P-\-\p, A- R--tj ]n-]-eo--
2-cn-o-bn-w. A--t\ R- eofow-an-b --Xy-o-ud-% 5-bn-Ww

H-S--t. A---tS a--;-tS F-n-eo-[
u[-b-o-w A- In-c-W-an-e-t F-
R- B-r-io-%-.
:- -D--@-uP=
P ui eo-fn-d
-a-n-Y- So--Woo:n-\--]-K-Xo-fp-ud-, D--Np = a-iXmI-a--o-co-o-S-an-b A-u, eo 5
h-cmX-ue = --Xy-o-t ]-S-=-I-jo-ud%m eo-uf-g K-Xo 5n-]o-%--Xo-m, \x =
R--tj, A-u\-ix = ]n-]--2-cn-%-I,
tXn-In-b = h-n-\--tj, Pp-e-uh =
D-Xm#-w-Pp-eo-Xw \-bo-%--Xo-m, #--[o =
u5-c-W-ub-I-uW.
-D-@--uP=
P= eo-fn-d-K-a-u\ @P
P KXv KuX
uubn
ubncm
cmY =n\w,
n\w, Ka\w, 5noL;
DNo
No = D_* A
AXo
Xo Icma
IucnXpXoXXm hw
hwev.
v. A
A KXv.
14. a
aw
en-P-hy 5--h-ue an-X-cw
-a-ip-a-Zo-Xow \n-a-e-N-hn I-cn-a-ui.
-b-hyn-D-]- D-cme--co-w hn
-\x f-cma ô-o-e--Yw \o b-n-Xm.
-n-en-Yw:w:- v-Xo-I-=w, B-Zp-b-=w
B-[yn-Zo-I-=-an-b f-2o A-Y-en u[b-o-w u5-b-o-w -ue-o R-,
A-J-7o-X-w, A-Zp-\-w, A-]-cn-Po-X-w,
-P-\p-b--an-b A--tb a-\-hn en-Nn anJ-I-bn-%-. e-N-hn R- \-ao-%-.
A---tS h-n-\--jn-b R--%m
D-Xm#-w-Pp-eo-Xw \-o-bn-w. u[-b-ot \o-p-a-an-b B-In-fw A---tS a-So-o eo-j-bn--. B A---tS A-r-i-n (v-Xo-I B-Zo-I - B-[o
ttZeoI) ô-eo-[ x-J--;w \o-en-c-Ww
tN-m ttf-Xyw, D-w, e-gw C-e--tS
h--do-X-an-b -Jw R--;-tS Pp-eo-Xo--n-I-uW-tb-m A-o-d-go-%-.
-a-n-Y- So--Woo::- en-P-hy = _-d-ot,
5--h-ue = D-+-o-% \o-ao-w, a-ipw
= -P-\p-b-bn-b, A-Zo-Xow = A-Zp-\,
A-J7o-X, A-]-cn-Po-X, an-X-cw \n-a =
+xn 481 37
37
CXoinhhap (HS)
ueZ5Infm
ueZ
Infm
hnZpc\oXn
(]7om [p~ocapanwhItS ngy#XotS h|X Xa)
A[ynbw Hm
GIx aneXnw uZnugn Z|oXpubn u\n]]ZyuX
buZ\w abn 2af
af2ww a\yuX P\x 1.53
-anfpd\o eho% HuZngm. cnatXnuZngw Ae\o ehoo.
hn[cWP\ anfpdt\ \o_d\nbo IH
FXnWm B H uZngw..
-]-Zn-Yw:w:- -an-e-Xn-am = -an-fp-d-m
hn-[n-c-W-P-\- -an-fp-d-t f-2oD-, G-Ix = H-, uZn-gx = uZn-gw,
tb In-Wn-tX-u]n-!-. A-e -a-tb
Z|o-Xp-ubn = c-n-a-Xn-bo, \ = C-,
A-f-2o--tS 5-Xp-I-an-bo I--H-. F-oD-]-]-Zy-uX = 5n--an-b-Xm (uZn-gw), b-Xm
udn [-u-b-an-b e--X B A-f-2o-an= F-t-n, G-\-am = C-e-tc, -a-bn = ^-an-Wm -an-fp-d---I-jo B-ucn-]o-a-tIn-m, -2 = -2-cn-b-e-tc,
n-=- G-I-uZn-gw. a-tn- uZn-g-=w
A-f-2w = A-f-2-tc-m, P-\x = P-\-, A-e-\o !-So-tIn-=-I hn-[y-a-. [-aoa-\y-uX = eo-Nn-co-%-. ~-w e-o-an-w h-Xyw Xo-co--lo-eyn-Jyn-\w:w:- [-a-o-t ]-w-K-jo
-m. -a [-a-o-t-w [p-c-X--uS-w
5-[n-\-an-Wm -a. a-in-n-c-X-o
n-\-o-t-w 5-Xp-I-an-Wm F-m. tX-a--tS ]-cyn-b-an-Wm -[o-~o-c.
e-I-tj -ao-%-I A-^ F-;-w hn-[y-a-.
u^n-I-o eo--c -[o-~o-c-t -anIn-c-Ww ]-m Aw-K--;- [-a-t
fp-d-t -X-cn-{-a-in-cn-Pn-eo-t [-5n-]o--e--an-^-ua -a-tb I-c-K-X-an-%bo F-o-%-en [-ao-%-I-bn-Wm.
en hn-[o-&. B ]--Kw- G-tXnueZInd=ww pI
ueZInd
pI;ww (HS)
( S)
A--m e-N-hn = en-%-I-jo--tS, I-cn-a-ui = A---do-%-, b-hy = B--tS, D-]-u

= a-So--o, D--AA--co-w = --Xy-o-t eo--X-an-b A--cp--o, h =
B A-, \x = \-u, ô-o-e--Yw = ô-eo-[-x-J--jo \o-w B-[o-v-Xo-Iw, B-[o-ttZeo-Iw, B-[yn-Zo-Iw F-p x-J--jo \o-m c-o-%-. f-cma = f-c-Ww, \o-b-n-Zm =
5-Zn-\w tN-- A-Y-en ô-o-e--Yw = ttf-Xyw, D-w, e-gw F-p - E-H--jo
\o-w, - \o-d--, f-cman = ep-Sm, e-h-Xo, \o-b-n-Zm = 5-Zn-\w tN-n-w, aipw
= Pynam
Pynam, aimPnbnam; ôe
oeYw
Yw = ôuyn
ouyn xuJxuyn
xuJxuyn encIw, ôi fpXnXn]
ecmgcmHi ecWpbw, ôaoIw
aoIw en. weyw
eyw - hnbW
hnbW:- ^bnWnw
bnWnw fpXnX]
ecmgnWnw \oencI bZ|n ôaoIam
aoIam (EuK|Zw. 8. 18. 22) Zbn\ngyw. fpuXn
fpuXn
ecmgn
n Daam (6.46.9) -^p-Wo-e--Yn-\o B-[yn-Zo-In-[o-ttZ-eo-In-[o-v-Xo-In-\ow
--Jn-\o -bo
o (b-. 15. 1) ô-o-i --ay-u[n[n
-co-u-i e--Yn-\o [--in-Wo- b-hy
(H--S-w)
(b-. 21.55) f-cma _ f-c-Ww (\o-. 9. 18) [--iw (\o-L. 3. 4)
38
481 38 +xn
- ao
aow\w
\w Bg\nZw
t-bn-Wm. a---Xo-bo [-a-o-

]-l--I. B-]-K-I-;-tS \--eo-w h-Xy]-K d--W--jn-Wm tIn--o---Xm.h--X ttI-te-So-bn-Xo-co-%-I. F-
(6.92) hw--eo-n-w I-w ]-l-bn-Xo-co-%-I.
-Xo, -an Z-uan A-hmuX-bw fv-N-aoh-Xy-an-Wm G--=w e-do-b [-aw F--loo-b\o-r-ix- [p-cmeo-Zyn h-Xy-a-u?n-u[n
-I. -A-u?n-n-[w = @--\n-In-Xo-co-%-I.
Z-f-Iw [-cma-d--W-am. --Xo = -V-\o-L-bw- uIn-]o-%--e-t e-o u\-uc \o--I--J-o-w x-J-o-w A-So-]-X-ln-tX
bo-. F- tN--Ww F- tN---tX-m
D-l--\o--I.- --a = tX-e tN---e--u]n\o-L-b-ao-n-Xn-!w. _-*-an-\y-tc \o-ow an- tIn--n-- I-ko-em.- -Z-aw = a-\%w. e-k-%w d-i-j-w D-n-%--Xm u?no-t\ G-In-r-an-o A-S-o-\o-n-- [-n-dn-Wm. A-Xo-\n u?n-[w ]n-So-.
A-hmuX-bw- = A-\y--tS [-\w uanf-2o.- -AC-e ]-K-an-Wm [-a-o-t d--W-.
wo-n-Xo-co-%-I, B-r-io-n-Xo-co-%-I.C-e-tb Pp-eo-X-o ]-I-o B-N-co-fv-Nw = _n-iy-=w B--co-I-=-an-b I-o- %--e-\n-Wm -[o-~o-c. A-H-tIn-m
bn-Wm fv-Nw. f-cp-c-I-o-u]n-td 5-[n-\A--ubn cn-Pn-ue hn-[n-c-W-P-\--jn-Wm
an-Wm a-\x-I-o. en-o-w 5-?-o-bo-w
-an-fp-d-t\ _-d-ip-\-\n-bo In--h-Xy-h--X-w B-Zn-Q-X--an-Wn-eXm. e-o-an-w [-ao-~-w A--t\ I-[p = e-o-tb e-o-o-%-en--
fyw.- -[p
Xo-. a _dip\XtS 5XpIa
h-Xyw = F-un-?w h-Xyw
]-co-[-aw, -hAem.
uhnfhy
uhn
hy uZnugn \ aeyx
a eyx an io ]caw _dam.
an YuW
uW iyf2n\nw
iyf n\nw f2n\nw
f n\nw gW
gW an.. 1.55
-atb uZnganbo InWntX \oLbanw ]ca_danbo atb AloI.
Af2t YWanWm atbo f2 gWanWm a.
-]-Zn-Yw:w:- hx = B, A-hy = C-e-t
-an-b-_-d-t 5n-]o--e-\n-Wm. A-H-tIn(-an-fp-d-t), uZn-gx = uZn-gw, \ =
n-Wm [-a-o-t 5-Xp-I-an-bo [-a-!A-, -an = -a-tb, a--eyx = I--H-I,
^-t\- u]-co ufn-o-%--Xm. -[o-~oio = \o-L-b-an-w, ]-c-aw = a-i-n-b,
c \o-_-d-\n-Wm F-m hn-[n-c-W-P-\_-d-am = _-dw. A-f-2n-\nw = \o-_-d-m, o- uXn-nw. F-n A-lo-=--e
Y--uW = Y-W-an-Wm, -an = -a-tb-o,
A-u-i-o-t f-2o Xo-co--lo---eio = \o-L-b-an-w, f-2n-\nw = f-2-m,
cn-Wm. B f-2o--tS Y-W-t 5-Ip--g-W = -g-W-an-Wm, -an = -ao-%-Io-%--e-cn-Wm. f-cp-co-I-an-bo f-2otb--Xm.
tb-5n-]o--e-u]n-w B Y-W-n
eyn-Jyn-\w:w:-A--ubn cn-Pn-ue! \o-_-dX- B--go-X-cn-!-en B-r-io-%-.
t uZn-g-an-bo -a-tb In-uW--Xo-,
A-Xo-\n hn-[n-c-W-P-\--tj-un-td
a-lo-m A-Xm A-e-t Y-W-ta--lo--I. B
-an-fp-d-t _-d-ip-\-X--tS 5-Xp-IY-Ww ]-c-a-an-b-_-dw X-t-bn-Wm. f-2an-bo-In-Wn-tX f-2-t 5-Xp-I-an-bo-w [p-c-w -a -g-W-an-Wm. tX-e-I-ujnt-b-lo--I. a-in-n-c-X-o B-Zy-w
Sn-Wm a--gy -ao-%--Xm. A-Xo-m
N- 5-h-2-an-Wm. --o- -w
A-lo-=-an-bn-Wm _-w. A-lo-em fn-cp-co-Iuf-g-=w [-a-!-^ F--%- G-tXn-
ubn-Ky-X-b-, A-Xo-\n -a-tb ]-c-aXp--an-\-t-w a--gy-t hn-[n-c-W
an-b _-d-an-bo In--I. f-2-u\n A-fe-o A-u-i-o-m A-u\-Iw eo-a-f2-u\n F- I--uX--In-cy-ao-. C---- \- h|-w ]n-j-b-o \o--u]n-w
co-w A-Xm ]-c-a-an-b f-2o--m A-So--lu\-So-tn--%--m. Fn FeotSw
]n-!--Xn-Wm. -[o-~o-c B ]-c-a
Auiw a ttIteSoo. (H--S-w)
+xn 481 39
39
uNnZyw
\o;w
Dcw
KvXaw
tNmtZymc
u]n%InUo am{Xw wanbo uNnZyta?Xo
KvXa Bg\nZw X]nt]o28 tN689 121 F eodnhodb%I.
PnXotS
PnXo
tS u]cm
[p.
p. DBo#,
D
, adlw
ad lw
? ueZw ]Too% BNncy
Ato Y\nY '~n1W'
Bboco%atn? At\ Hcn
h|w u]cou\nSm h|hZnbotubn
PnXotSubn u]cm uNm ]lXm
fcobnuWn? ueZw ]Tom !lK
e !Xob hiom PnXpbuan
hnZnboIuan Bb eoueN\om
AXm IncWanIou?
= H- u]-cm ey-2o-bo-ud-m F-K--Xo
B-ey-2o--tS ]-m ]-co-ao-X-an-Wm. hw-nc-- an-Xn-]o-Xn--n-w h--i-=-an-Wm
hw--X-\n-a-o-t ]o-o e-o-%-Xm. ue-Zw ]-To-%-I-w ]-To-o-%-I-w tN- G-e-w ~-1-W-cn-Wm. A-e an-^-anWm ~n-1-W. A--t\-- B-Nn-cy
u]-co-t\n-w h--Zn-b-o-t-ubn Pn-Xo-tS-ubn u]-cm uN-m ]-l---Xm tX-nuWn f-co-bn-uWn F-m No-o-u--Xm
A-e X-t-bn-Wm. a-i-go Z-bn-\--h-ch|-Xo A-u-i-o-t u]-co-t\n-w h-ch|-Xp F- Z-f-\n-ap h--Zn-b-\nat
h|p-I-co-o--. h|p-I-co--\n-a-t A-uiw H-co--w Xy-Po-o-. a-lo-m X-t
5-?-o-bo Z-f-\n-ap h--Zn-b-h|n-[p\w ISoeoo--ao-. H- ey-2o--tS
\n-a-o- 5-?-o-bo-dn-Wm h--Zn-b-ot-ubn Pn-Xo--tS-ubn h|n-[p-\--un
F- \nw A-u\|-go-u--Xm. en-dm -lo-e-co-w en-dm ]o-So-o--e-co-w Pn-Xo-w
Pn-Xo-No--w I-S--e-w. a--gy-c-u?
40
481 40 +xn
- ao
aow\w
\w Bg\nZw
B-cn-Wm 5-_-d F- I-m A-e-ucn-tSnw \o--I F--Xn-Wm a--gy-t fp-dw.

F-n B-Nn-cy-n-c--t\-b-. A-e
h--i-o-m e-ko-In-u--e-cn-Wm. A-Xo
-2-an-b-Xm A-e h|p-I-co-%-.
Kv-X-a u]-co-t\n-w a-tn-w e-m
]o-So-o-o-o-... B-cy-t\-un-w... A-HtIn-m Kv-X-a-t A-o-5n-bw Pn-Xp-b\n-a--;w h--Zn-b-\n-a--;w H-ko-en-%-Xn-Wm D-No-Xw F- -X-t-bn-Wm.
B-Nn-cy-n eo-ue-N-\-o- In-c-W-an-!
tXnw tNn ]nX F-w eof|-ho-%-.
? 5hoanb H tteZoI Y!do
(AeotS ]nTyeogbo Jyanw
Zbn\anKanm h|pIcooHm)
ueZanXneot ]Sw ecm Noôm
Xntk "XnabnecZn ueZanXn..." F
HS ueZaw F?Xo u^nnbno
eo1m. CXm Zbn\anKanuWn?
tteZoIX|m uNXnuWn?
= a-i-go--tS ]n-T-\-]-T-\-]--Xo-b-
-h-co-- tte-Zo-I-]-T-\-uI--o
tte-Zo-I-an-K-ua D-n-=-I X-c-->,
A-Xo-t\ Z-bn-\--an-K-ta-m ]-l---Xm
f-co-b-. 5n-Np-\-E-go-an-K-t Z-bn-\
- ]o--S--Ian-u^ D-n-bo-->. c-nbn-w ue-Z-an-Xn-eo-t No-^w e-c---Hw
A-Xo ue-Z-a-w A--So-m eo---Hw
]v-cn-Wo-I-an-K-an-Wm. tte-Zo-I-an-K-a-.
]v-cn-Wo-I an-K-an-I-t ]v-ucn-io-XyX--=-an-Wm. ue-Z-=-an-ubn 5n-Np-\-h-yX--an-ubn A-Xo-m _--ao-. ttP-\_v--]n-c--cy-o-t Xo--uf-go--I-
jn-Wm X---tj-nw. C-Xm tX-n-Wm

tte-Zo-I-X-|-No--m uN--H-a-.
? tteZoIY!djo ueZw ]To%
e \o_anw [ncWw
\SWw F ]lHm fcobnuWn?
[ncWw H tteZoIIaanuWn?
= [ncWw H tteZoIIaa. AXm
]vcnWoIXanWm. \o_anw
[ncWw \SXm FnWm
tteZoIY!d;tS \obaw. Cw
Y!duj h|pIcon
BNncyw fogyw hn[o%aun?
alom Y!d\obatj dwLon
[aonXoco%I.
N--\--n-uanw
[p.
p. !-L-uKn-]o-\n-Ym, ]n-d-n-Sm
-? N--\w -w -n-w F-o-e [-co-%-Xm -2o-an-K-an-tW-m 5n-Np-\-E-goan ]-l-o--m. C-Xm [-co-n--e-m
A-Xm d-o-n-tX e-co-u!-= -N--\w, -n-w, -w F-o-e B-ue-Z-a---I-jn-Wm A-Xm !-c---H-tIn-1w
[-co-%--H-tIn-m ucn-K--2o Io--W-tan-Wm eo-Nn-co-%-t-o A-Xo-\n-bo
H- B--ue-Z A-un-o-o-co-tb In-I. a-lo-m B--\o-I h-yn-ho-an-w
B-[yn-Zo-In-Nn-cy-n-w \-- N--\w,
-n-w, -w F-o-e [-co-%--H
-tIn-m -f|-c-5n-o-tb- -2o-bn-Wm
d-y-an-%--tX-o a-i-go Z-bn-\-t en-%-I-tj-&-So uI--uf-gw
Xp--an-\-ta--K-tIn->. "N--\-=w -=w [-co-%--H tIn-m uan-w d-o-%w
F-n-cn-w ]-l-n A-e-ucn-Sm F--]l--en-\n-Wm. Nn-c-o Io-S---;- I-?X-w !-o-%--an-d [-co-%- In-n-j%w \o-gn-Z-%w A--t\-tb-o -2o
d-o-u--X-u? --o Io-S---;-
]-o, \n-b, I-?-X -X-dn-b-e-w -2o
d-o-u--Xn-Wm. In-dn-lo--un-]-\og-o -w tXn--en-- eo-[o--m
F-m en-Zo-%--e ^n--gw P-a-Z-ul
F- b--ue-Z-e-N-\w -X-dn-b-e-bo
\o-m --[n-c-W-eo-[o-I-m 5-an-Ww

I-t-K--m. A-Xm A-e-ucn-tSn-oco--t. --t I-Bo \o- ep-W
I-Bp-co \o-m D-n-b ?--an-Wm -n-ta-w A-Xo-\n A-H [-co-%--Xm
!-Wy-an-tW-w !-cn-W--jo-td-?-Xo-boco-%-. -n-w [-co-n ]n-]-ta-nw
te-So-m h|-K-K u]n-Inw. A-e-\m
b-a-t\-ubn \-c-I-u-ubn -b-t-uS-Xo- F-w a-e-an-Wm ]v-cn-Wo-I
eo-f|-ho-%--Xm. u\n-& In-dn-lo--un-]\o-g-m G-uXn --[n-co F-?-Xo- ]-S--eo-Xn-Wm. F-t-n A-Xo-td e-N-\-
A-\-Y-I--jn-Wm. Zo-e-uh-\ ttI-tIn-1
t\-o-bo-w a-ew e-c-- n--e-c-I
-udn-I-uan A-Xo-t\ !-lo-%--uXn B-!-tX--t\? -Sn-tX, ^n--gw P-a-Z-ul
-X-dn-b a-- --uan ô-!-;-uan
[-co-%--Xo-u\--o---X-. N-E-tte
P-a-Z-lox F-m f-X-]-Yw ]-l--. Cv-f|cn! F-t u\-^-uPyn-Xo, ^n--gw A-Y-en
-o-c-o-bn-I-Ww. --c e-gw \o-d-\o-Ww. Rn I-C-\-fo-n-Xo-co---e-B-- h-Xm5-?-o-I tN--t. A-Xm
an-^w In---e-\n-I-t F-w a-e-an-WYw. I-C-\p ep-Wm ?-w -j--I-tb-Xm F-^-ubn eo-o--an-Wm. Cv-f|-c-t
-wo-?-a-t B-n-w an-o a-lo-n-\n=-uan? G-H ?--o-t eo-m Cv-f|-c-n-o-ubn A-Xo \o-m B ?-w
an-^-ua D-n->. a-tn---n-eo-. A-Xo\n -n-w, -w, H-j-ho, Xn-a-c-n-bm,
!-m, N--\w, -X-dn-b-e I-?-o-d-Wo--Xm In--a--gy-tc-un-td hw-n-c-c-io-X
an-^-an-Wm. C--t\ en-a-an-Ko-I-;w ttfe--an-b A-u\-Iw ao-Yyn-Nn-c-n-w eo--n-w, tN-u--H tN-n--e--an-bo
H--u]--m. A-e-co-t-Sn- u[-~-ncn-bo \nw e-o--Ww. C-tXn-w eo-f|ho-n-tX h-XmI-a- tN--tIn-o-co%-I. -n--=w --=w I-1 b-a-[-a-t
-X-n -b-t--ta-o G-e-w -b-t-SW-a-un? -n--=w --=w [-co-%--etc I-n ]-o-w how-i-=w h--=w
+xn 481 41
41
uX-;w Cv--w tIn-H-!w a-ew -b-t--ot-o F-Xm b-a-\n-Wm -b-t--I. a--eo-I-m u]n-w I-Y-I eo-f|-hon hn-[o-o-. I-ww n-c-X--ao-bo
Io-o-b P-w u]n-w --n
]n-]-I-a--n-bo \-fo-o--I-j--
F--lo--I" E-go-!-d-=w h-yn-ho-an-w
B--ue-Z-a---I-;-tS A-lo-em u\-So-e-cnbo--. v-Xo-I-hv-Jy-o-m N--\w,
-n-w, -w FoetS 5-ubn-K-=w
A-e tN-o--. -w-n B eo-Zy
F-m ttI--dn-o- ]ubnKw tN
uen A---X ]n-ew A--cn-bP-\-
-tj A-e -g-Ww tN- -tIn-u-bo-co%-.
h-a-X|-n-e-\n-uan-iw
[p.
p. i-co-uKn-eo--f-a, [p-p--d-\-K-cw
? 5-#-Xo-bo, f-cp-co-I-an-bo-e-o-%-
Pp-e-t B-#-Xo-w, 5-#-Xo-w, H- hnay-=-ao-n-tX In-W-t-- A-e-h-c-o,
a--gy-\o uhn-gy-do-hw, h-a-X|-n-e-\
-wo-n-ta- uan-i-=w, AXo\n
]-co-[-a--;w eo-^-d-a-u? F-o-\n-m
uan-iw a--gy -o-%--Hm?
= hn-ay-an-b-Xo uan-iw \o-d\o-n--Xo-\n. n-c-Xp-b-E-go-]-c--c
h-o-t\ h-o-u\n-w No-o-t\ No-ou\n-w B-\--t B-\--un-w A-HtIn-n-Wm uN-m e--Hw B h-o-Zn\--h|--]-t 5n-]o-%-en ubn-K-anK-t \--m ]-I--X--Hw. ubn-K-otd h-a-X|w n-e-\-b- a-lo-m B-\-n--e-an-Wm. A-eo-tS tX-jo-- B-\-w A-5Xy--an-%--Xm No--o eo-co--
n-e-\-I-;w uan-i--;w -So-bn-Wm. G-I-X|o-udn _-*-X|-o-udn A-Xm !-So-bo-co%-o-. a-lo-m uI-e-d-X|-o-ud-m A-Xm
eo-I-ho-%-. -f|-c-w Pp-en-Zn-=w
5-#-Xo-w A-X-Xo-t uI-e-d-h|--]-tj 5n-]o-m h-o-Zn-\--h|--]-o
h|-X--an-bo eo-i-co-%- h|n-X-yw.
H-w ]-c--cw \o-ug-[o-%-I-ubn B-[bo-%-I-ubn tN-n- uI-e-dn-e-.
42
481 42 +xn
- ao
aow\w
\w Bg\nZw
A-e--tb ue-Zw uan-n-e--bn-bo

5-Jyn-]o-%-. ]-c-a-]-Z-o-ud-%-
bn-^-bo a--gy-cn-b \nw !-d-u-
\--an-^-an-Wm 5-#-Xo--tS hn-ayn-e-w uan-i-ta- ]-c-an-Z-5n-o-w. a--gycn-b \--m an-^w hn-[y-an-!- uI-e-dan-b B-\--5n-o. A-Xm \nw 5-Xyn-f
--tS udn-I-m -o-%-I-b- a-lo-m
5-Xo-~o-X-an-%-I-X-t-bn-Wm tN-u-Xm. A--t\ tN---e-co B-[yn-Zo-Ita-un v-Xo-I-ta-un D- u-Zw I-S-e--o-. D-Zn--an-b n-ew D-n-=-I-w
tN-w.
? H- a-X-=-ao-n-tX, a--gy-a-X-=-an-bo
P-\o-%- Pp-en-Zn--%m, Pp-eo-X-Z-fbo, D-j-en-!- a-X--;-tS _n-*-dyw
A-\o-en-cy-X-bn-uWn?
= A-e h|-bw I-t-K- I-a-^-d-;-tS Xp-c- an-^-an-Wm _n-*dy-o-t A-So-n-\w. _-io--J-?-obo-\o-w A---J-?-o-bo-ud-m \nw
Pp-eo-X-Z-f-bo F-un Xo-co--uen
A-un a-X--;-tS _n-*-dyw A-e-hn\o-%-I-w B-[yn-Zo-I-No---tS I-en-Sw
H-l-%-I-w tN--. A-eo-tS a-X-o-t
A-\o-en-cy-X A--ao-%-.
? Pp-e-t A-i-n-c-o \o-n-uWn?
a-X- D-S-td--%--Hm?
-A-i-n-c-o \o-w a-X-;w a-X-jo \o-m A-i-n-c=w D-S-td--nw.
? cn-{p-b-hw-L-S-\-I-;-tS -wo-I-;w, H-ot\n-m t]--Io, ]-c--cw Pp-e-\m, in-\oI-c-an-ub-n-=--eo-Xw a-e-c--jo Gt--. F-n-Wo-Xo-t B-e-fy-I-X?
-\n--e-d-bo H- G-Wo Nn--I-tb--XnWm C-Xo-t B-e-fy-I-X.
? B-e-fy-ao-n- eo-g-b--tj D-u]-o%-en eo-ue-I-e-o D-]-uZ-fo-n-tX-m?
= -H-w D-u]-o-%-en D-]-uZ-f-n
hn-[y-a-n--H tIn-m.
IpI
N-H--KK-W-\
[p.
p. uPn-go ho. i-c, uIn-b--L-a---Xo--tS 68-nw u^n-Iw \-- N-H-K K-W-\-bo 360 tIn-1m Y-Wo--Ww
F- e--o-. C-Hm ey-2-an-o-tn1- [p -u2-f|-co-t ud-J-\w F-t
u]-co B-g-\n-Z-o 5-ho-p-I-coo--1m (Cw-up-go). A-Xo tIn--o-co%--en-Z--J--%-]-co-bn-bo C-Hm -So
No-o-nw. I-do--Kw 1200 e-gw F--Hm
360 tIn-1m Y-Wo-n 4,32,000 e-g-an!w A-un Z|n-]-c--Kw 8,64,000 e-gw
B-!w. A-Xn-b-Hm [p-cn-a Pp-eo-o--Hm 869000 e-g--%m -m B-!w. C-Hm
H-w f-co-bn-=-I-bo-.-[p- -u2-f|--tS en-Z-5-In-cw 1200 +
1200 I-do--Kw I-ko-m C-un Z|n-]-c-Kw 313 e-gw B-bo F-n-m. A-H
e-m u\n-%un cn-a Pp-eo-o---Hm
2400+300+2400 (Z|n-]-c--Kw) = 5100 e-g
--%m -m F-m e-w C--t ]-d
]-T-\--;w C-Xo-t\ f-co e--w D-1m.
A-H-tIn-1m 360 tIn-1m Y-Wo-m 5-T D-n-u- In-cy-ao-. -u2-f|Po B ud-J-\w F-?-Xo-b-Hm 184 Z|n-]-cbo-dn-m. A-u-i-ot en-Z--J--tj
-W-an-w f-co-e-n-m an-\-e-cn-fo--tS
C--t !-ucn-K-Xo-w. A-H-tIn-1w
-tS C-un Z|n-]-c--Kw B-m F--Xn=w f-co.
udnIw
udnI
wo
uUn. eo. ]o. ugWnbo, Inbw
Inbw!jw
jw
x+otb%lo [p. aWoI6
te>cot uNnZy=w KvXat DNoX
anb ac]Sow enbo. Nod eoec
So NootInt.
I+o wo BcwoHm
H eynknG Zo\odnbo. V= 14,
Va\y, Knx = 14 a\|c fmJ = 72
ainK OmX = 27, K = 3. CXot
AYw aobo Poewo HSob
Zoehw X ainncXom m
72 ainK (4,320,000 egjS
14 a\|cjo 6 FB=w (N=6)
u^Xn Z|n]c CebS 3 ]nZ
(K=3) 27 ainK;w (O=7 \ = 20)
BcyS ejtc djoXanb cpXo
bo 10800000 eg epXw HdyttZ
Lytj 4 tNlob Kjnbnm K
eoP\w tNoHm. H a\|cw
306720000 egjnm. 14 a\|c
jnHm. 15 hoInd;w ew.
CHetc Ikou]nb eg Blm
a\|cw C]oubkm ainK
m K (#X u^X Z|n]c) Ido
Kotd 5115 eg (IdoKw
_o.ho. 3102 Bcwo) CmudnIncw
oufgw Blm a\|c Ikom
Gknat a\|co C]oubkm
ainK ISm C]oFnat
IdoKw \S%Ibnm. IdoK
o Cm Idoegw 5115 Iko.
Ct\ IWn%un Cm udnIw
Bcwom 1972949115 eg Ikoo
co%.
aotS !lunSm ]p#Xanbo
co% ]nlI;tS 5nbw \oLbo%I
bnm aotS 5nbw ItKXom
B\oI fnn h|pIcoo
H anKw. ulUoubn B+oem h|ne
ul\obw, uXnlobw HSob
dI;tS ]can Aoch|n
eebnIbn Ae ?uaW ZpL
Indw tInm ocX bot
]canjnbo ancw. C5Incw H
5uXyI ]nlbo BZynbo
ul\obw F^ ufgo% AXot
eoLS\w tInm F^ Ajem bw
Dnbo Fp IW%Ijo \om
]nlnbom F^ eganbo Fm
IWnnw. AlounS\w eko !lK
e Dob ]nl DlmIobn!
habw X AXo ]w 5n]o%
bw X !lem CntX AXo
Xt oXotNXo\n ]nl Dl
+xn 481 43
43
I-Yn--Xw- (HS)
( S)
h-n-Z-I: i-co-#--n-c-Xo-o
kp`mjnXkmKcw
Aocw - an\e Pw
-]-tn-co-S-Km -fp-d-\n-b H- cn-Pn-=w,
A-u-i-o-m F-nw tIn-1w ubn-Po-
H- a-o---n-bo--. A-Kn-[-]-7oX-\n-b a-o No-d eo-uf-g -g-[-
-So-u-Km -X-h-p-e-\o \o-ao-%-Iw A-u-i-=w cn-Pn-=w A-Xm I-ko-m a-cW-ao-n--ecn-=-I-w tN-. A-Xo-\o-tS
a-o--tS a-I a-co-. A-u-iw x-J-
I-So--a-o a-I-t A-y-I-a-
tN-. No-cw-Pp-eo-X|-o-t Y-W-a-lo-
a-o cn-Py-t h-I-d-%w Zo-eyv-g-[w
\-o a-c-W-o \o-m c-o--W-tam \o-L-bo-. -g-[-\o-an-W-o--
[-aw A-u-iw B-cw-o-%-I-w tN-.
C-X-lo- uZ-e-tte-Zy-n-cn-b A-f|o-\p
uZ-e-I a-o-tb--m C--t\ ]-l-.-A--ubn a-in-a-p, R- uZ-ue-t h-u-f-=-an-bo e--Xn-m. ~n-1-W\n-b A-u-m ubn-Po--X- -g-[\o-an-Ww. a-Xy-fp-d-\n-m aXy. CXm
f|c \obaanm. A-Xo-m eo---an-bo
5-e-o-n -f|-c-uIn-]-o-m
]n-^-an-!w. A-H-tIn-1m D-Zy-a-o
\o-w ]o-o-co-b-Ww. A---tS a-I
a-co--Xo-- x-J-an-Wo-Xo-m In-c-W-tao A-Xo-w ]-co-in-c--n-nw. A-e
h|-K-udn-I-Km -J-an-bo en-?-I-bn-m
D-S-t\ D--a P-\-\-=w hw--eo-%w.-A-f|o-\p-uZ-e-I-;-tS en-%-I

A-uX Kv-c-e-un-tS a-o D-tn-1.
-g-[--n-o uZ-e-udn-I-o-t f-X-w A-e-ui-j-\-=w G---Hm w-Ko-b-lo- A-u-iw B Zv-Xyw D-u]-o-
A-f|o-\p-uZ-e-I-;-tS I--o e--X-t
a-o -g-[-\o-an-W hn-a-ro-I F-nw
a-Bo !-ko-o-. uZ-e-n h--w-cn-bo
a-S-o.A--t\-bo-co-t cn-Pn-=m X-t !-^t\ -e-cn-Pn-en-bo \o-b-ao- B n-\-dto-bo !-an-c A-Xy-[o-Iw B-8n-Zo-.
F-n cn-Pn-=-an-bo ]o-W-o--ko-
cn-o A-e-t\ h-ap-]o- ]-l-."a-I-u\ \o-t-bp h-un-g-tan-t
ey-Y-an-m \o-t - uPy-~-n F-ûbn u] C-Xo---]m -e-cn-Pn-eo-bo-1m. A-e-tcn-t h-ap-]-n-eo-bo cn-P-]-Zeo h|-+w I--H-an-m. F-o-t--n-bo
No-cw-Pp-eo-bn-b (Zp-Ln--n) ]o-Xn-=m
C-co---t, A-e-tc-nw A-In-d-N-c-aw
5n-]o-. \o-t K-Xo-w A-H-X-t-bnen-u\ X-c-->." an-Xn-eo-t en-%-I
Nn--jo-u]n-td !-an-c-t a-\-o X-l-.
t\-o--jo-. G-H-eo-u[-\-w X-\o-m
cn-Pn-en-I-W-ta-m A-bn \o-L-bo-.
IKI
I (HS)
( S)
IndLw Itnw. CuX cpXobo

ttPe]ZnY;tS Indkw ulUo
ubn B+oem In_-14 t hinb
ndnm IWn%Hm. Fn
GIuZfanb IndKW\ anûa
anK D]ubnKom hn[yan.
44
481 44 +xn
- ao
aow\w
\w Bg\nZw
B\oI bun]IcWtjnw
CntX ncXpb \Sob IndKW\n
honw Ct fnn ]l
BoubnjPo lanbo 198
uInSo egw etc ejtc ubnPo%
F eX Aoan\Icw Xtbu.
A-Xo-\n-bo No-d Z-V-X-- ta-\-m

A-e X-n-d-u-%m ]o-co-.-A-n-kw I-ko-n 'C-\o-bn-to-w F-t-o-w hn-[o-n--un'
F-tn- ]-Xo-= uNn-Zy--1m cn-Pn-eo-m.
B h-a-b-Km B-tc-m B-e-fy-t-n-w
A-H d-o-%w. A- cn-ô cn-Pn-=m
uNn-Zyw B-e-o--Hw !-an-c -o-tdo--l-. 'D-1m F-\o-tn- In-cyw
B-e-fy-t-Sn--1m.' a-I-u\ F-n-m
ue--tX-m ]-l-n-w cn-Pn-=w !-o-coubn-tS ]-l-.F-\o-%m ue--Hm A---tS fo-c-nm. a-I-t B-e-fyw uI-o-w, cn-Pn-=m
tX-;w ]-X-lo-bo-. F-n X-o a-I-m
A-eo-f|n-hw P-\o- hn-i-N-cy-=w Xn
H- e-ko--S-o-bn-bo \o-d-tIn-=--Hw
D-No-X-a-t-w A-u-i-o- uXn-o.
X-t cn-Py--=-w h|-K-ta-nw a-I- Zn-\w
tN-m A-u-iw X-]-o-\n-bo e-\-o-ud%-u]n-bo. cn-P-!-an-c cn-Pyn-[o-In-co-bnbo h|-bw A-e-ucn-[o-. A-lo-=w A---e=w H-o-W-n- A-bn uh|-n--W
-an-b -c-Ww \-S-o. cn-Py-Km A-cn-P-IX|w eo-j-bn-So B-y--c I-dn-]w D-n-bo.
H-S-m f---jo \o-w uLn-c---=-n-bo H--eo cn-P-!-an-c tIn--t-.
a-I \-w-t--X-m Alo-m cn-o
t\--t]n-o a-co-.(Ikodotd ngoX
hnKcot IYnXw)
kp`mjnXkmKcw--
A-bw \o-Px ]-ucn ue-Xo-K-W-\n d-x-uN-X-hnw-D-Zn-c N-co-Xn-\nw H-e--tt[-e !-w-_-Iw-A-Yw:w:- F-u-tX-w ]cnuStXw
a-ew eo-ue-No- e-o d-x-X-c-an-m. eofn-d ,-Z-b--j-j-e-n-I-t udn-Iw H-
!-w-_w F-n-!-.-Xn-+-cyw:yw:- X-t a-\-n-!- udn-I-Km
Pp-eo-%--e-w udn-I-io-Xw A-lo--
a-\-w c-1 -e--jn-m udn-Iw F-Hm
In---Hm F--Y--1m. h|n-Yo-I-;w
]-cn-Yo-I-;w F---n-!w. 'Zp-]-w-w

a-in-L-cyw \--%w Io--Ww ]-Ww' F-oXyn-Zo B-r-i--jn-m h|n-Yo-I-;-tS
-J--. D-Zn-c-a-Xo-I-%m X-t-un-td-ubn
A-Xo--]-co-bn-ubn In-Wn-- I--Kn-!w.- 5-]--o-td tte-eo-y-
In--un tte--y-a- uXn--I,
a-lo-m H- !-w-_-o-td eo-eo-[ A-o-No-I u]n-td an-^w. ucn-Ko-bn-b !-w
-_nw-K-o--ue-o ]-Yyn-in-c-=w ui-In--Wy-=w \---Xm A-e-t\ p-Wo \o- ttI-]o-So--b-n-\n-m.
Xo-co--lo-en-m uh-e-\-a-u\n-n-e-ot A-So-n-\w. Iw-]{- F- a-in-WX-o--tS H-l-o- eo-f|-eo-fn-d-Pn-d-Iw
ho-n--o-t tN-lo-b 5n-eo-I -]-an-m. a-\-o-t --Xyw
ttI-e-co--o an-^-ua n-c-X-o-t
fn-o-a-w a-\-o-dn-. C-j--e-o-I-;tS B-ue-f-=w B-e-dn-Xo-I-;-an-m te-oo---o-u-w X-o--lo---I-;-uS-w
udn-Iw -wo-%--Hm. eo-f|-eo-P-bo-bn
A-d-On- n-c-X-o e--un-kn-m
h|-W-u-n Xo-j---, -dy--
B-Z-n-\o-I-tj-n---Hm. Xn a-co%-un f-e-u]-S-I-o-m te-jo-bo
X-t ttI-I-jo--tIn--Ww F-m A-u-it-tn-1m ]-l-bo--Xm D-Z-n-c-Nc-o-X-n-tS --Xyw u_n-[o-o--u^.-I-Yn--Xw-H- In-o N-H-Z- F- e-do-b
H-cn-\--d-e e-ho-o--. e-j-tc-tn--jn-bo a-k t]-n-Xo-co-%-I-bn B
In-o e-do-b P-d-n-a--n-bo. !-j-;w
I-b--;w uXn--I-;w uNn-d-I-;w !-k-I;w
eou]nbo. Aun B\Itjnw
Xdeu\nSm BednXo ]l. F-n-e-w
Zn-io--e-d-o-co-%- No-d a-co-%-I
X-t tN-o--1m. A-H-tIn-1m \--%m
te--- a-u-tX-o-w -d-a-u\|-go-Ww. A-H-uI-m A-e !-l-n-udn-No- ufgw ]-l-. "!-l- -c-Km eo-P-\-an-b H-
]-l-o-t \--eo e-do-tbn- I-b--1m.
+xn 481 45
45
]n-Xn-j Kw-K-bo \o-m e-- D-l-=-\ptIn-1m A-tX-un-?w \o-l--Io-S-%w \-%m A-un- u]n-Inw." A-e A--t\
tN-.-A- cn-ô-I tIn-1m A-e B
I-b-o-td-o. A-eo-tS C-ww u]n-td
]-I -?-e te--o -o !-jo-
I-ko- h-yn-h-a-b-Km I-c--I-b-lo.
B I-b-o-\--Km !-ul -b an-j-;-n-bo--. A-un--ao-un-w -So
\-S-%- B-\-I-;-tS N-eo-u-m an-j-
t]n-o--I--u]n-bo. No-d -b--I-;-tS
In-tdn-So-. No-d N-K-u]n-bo. a-e Nod Pp-e an-^w I-wo- uf-go--t-
\o-d-bo-dn-bo. B-\-&-w u]n-b-un
-b--I x-J-un-tS H-o---So. F-ne-w -So-bn-udn-N-\-bn-bo. A-un \-
\-fo- u]n-b-un. C-\o Zo-e-uh-\
B-\-&-q-w e--ta-m Xp-. B-\ tXn-
tIn-;-, ]n-m a-W-K tIn-;-. cn-Pn=m No-co- tIn-;-, --\- an-\o-
tIn-;-. A-H-tIn-t-t-o-w e-ko
I-1-]o-So--Ww. A-un H--e ]-l. "a--=w eyn-h-w C--t\ ]-l-o-1m, !-d-o--ue-o H-cn-tj D-u]o--Ww. rnaoueo !dt
Du]oWw, \Kcoueo
rnauw Ae\eueo aoubw
Du]oWw. -J-I-c-=w ]-I-;w,
[n-\y--;w \o-l--H-an-tW-o-w, B-efy-ta-m uXn-o-b D-S h|-w cn-Py
-t a-tn-w eo-Nn-co-n-tX D-u]-o%-I X-t ue-Ww. B-]-XmIn-d-o-ue-o ]-Ww I--X-Ww. ]-W-t-n
ap-tX-bn-bo ]-Uo-tb I--X-Ww, ]-W-un-;w ]-Uo-ub-n-;w ap-tX-bn-bo A-e-\e-t\ I--X-Ww."
C-H-uI-m a-tn-cn ]-l- A--w
---w A-Xo-----e-w e-ho-o- -dw eo--u]n-!--Hm f-co-b-.
B-\-I-tj u]-So-t--o-ubn-So-n e-
e-ko-w I-1-]o-So-%-I-bn-m ue--Hm.
"eo-g-ao-t-o-w ]n-m ]-o-eo-S-o
Np-o-bn a-Xo. eo-g--un C--ubn
46
481 46 +xn
- ao
aow\w
\w Bg\nZw
F-m B-m u\n-%-. ]-o eo-S--w

-Kw -b--c-an-bn an-^w a-Xo."
"B-\-I u]-So-m e-cn-Xo-co-n
H-]--]n-b--1m.' H--e D-]-uZ-fo-
"A-Xo- ao---\n-b H- -X ue-Ww.
\--tS cn-Pn-=m eo-P-b-Z- N--a-7-do-dn-W-un Xn-a-hw. A-u-i-o-t
-X-\n-tW-w ]-l-m H- -b B-\-d-e-t A--K tN- ]-l--I."
"\o- B I-b-o C-l---Xm
N---K-en X-S-o-co-%- F-m." C-HuI-m ue-tln--e \o-u-fo-, "\--tS
--o \o-m dw-_-I-W -Xo-\n-bo
u]n-I-t. A-e \- en-Im hn-a-Yy--e-\n-m. -X-t [-a--tjn-t A-lo--Iw tN-nw \--%m A-e-t\ A-b-nw. InWn --c-w, A-i-n-c-ao-n--e-w,
en-Im hn-a-Yy---e-w fn---tj-nw
]-To--e-w, A-\y--tS a-\--lo-bn I-ko=--e--an-bo-co--Ww -X. eo-o-w
tIn-Xo-b-w eo-uf-go-m -W-b--an-b
-X-t\ A-b-- B-;-tS In-cyw hn-[o%-I-bo-." Xn-a-ho-bn-tX dw-_-I-W
B-\--d-e-t A--u-%m bn-^-bn-bo.
A-e B-\-&-w eo-[-ao-%- -d-KtN-m B-%w ]o-So--Sn I-ko-bn-
H-co-S-o--m B-\--d-e-u\n- ]-l-.
"F-Sn -w-\n-b B-u\ \p-tb-n f-
-Sn-tX I-jo-bn-bo-t--u]n-td N--h-ucn
-e-c-o-do-l-o -o-b-Hm, \o-\--eo-tS
e-cn ]n-So-n--Xn-W-un. C-\o ua-do
e-c--Xm" B-\ C-H-uI-m A-Zm-X-un-tS
uNn-Zo-. "\p-bn-cn-Wo-H ]-l-bn" Rn
dw-_-I-W, N--a-7-d-o \o-w
N---K-en \o-t A--u-% -X-\n-bo
]-l--b-o-co-%-I-bn-m. \o-\--lo-bn-aun, h-Xyw ]-l-- -X-m D-]--e-tan-w
tN--m cn-Pn--n--tS -Jw -X-n-cn-Wun? -X-n ]--g-en-% ]-l-n-w
A-e-tc D-]--eo---tX-n-m \o-b-aw".
C-H-uI-m B-\ -b-t-. -b-ud N---K-ent h-u-f-ta-t-m ue-Kw ]-l--I
A-H-u]n-td tN-nw.
"I-ko- Zo-e-hw \o- --un-tS-
CXnlmkIYm]m{X\matImiw
hnZI - [paXo.
paXo. ueZcWo
ueZc
1. A-Zo-Xo:o:- Z--5-Pn-]-Xo--tS !-ô,

I-fy-]-t ]-Uo. C-e--tS !-^-n-cn-m
uZ-e-n.- (a. n. B-Zo-]-ew 65-nw A-[ynbw 12-15 (u^n-I-)-eo- en-a-\-\n-bo A-Zo-Xo--tS K-o-dn-m P-\o--Xm. (a. n. e-\-]-ew
272 A-[yn-bw, 62-nw u^n-Iw, A--fn-h\-]-ew 83-nw A-[yn-bw 25-26 u^n-Iw,
en-8o-Ip-cn-an-b-Ww 29-nw h-Kw)-\-c-In--c A-Zo-Xo--tS !-7-d A-]-i-co-. (a. n. D-uZyn-K-]-ew
84-nw A-[yn-bw 8-0, 84 u^n-I-, h-n]-ew 38-nw A-[yn-bw 29-nw u^n-Iw)-a-in-eo- G-?-5n-e-fyw A-Zo-Xo-%
!-^-\n-bo.- -(a. n. B-c-Wy-]-ew 135-nw
A-[yn-bw 3--nw u^n-Iw, fn-o-]-ew
43-nw A-[yn-bw 6-nw u^n-Iw)-A-Zo-Xo-tb e-[ f-]o--I-Y (a. n.
fn-o-]-ew 343-nw A-[yn-bw 96-98 e-tc
u^n-I-)-
2. A--fy-o::- e-ho-~-t !-^-\n-b

f-2o F- -\o--tS n-cy. ]-cn-f-c-ai-go--tS A-. ]n-7-e--tS e-\en-h-In-d-m Aw-Kn-c-]-W F-
K--e A-e-m [n-cn-jw I-Y-I
]-l--tIn--%--1m. A-Xo H-m
A--fy-o--tS I-Y-bn-m.- -(a. n. B-Zo]-ew 175, 176, 177, 178 A-[yn-b-)3. A-:- A-ubn-[y-bo-td H- cn-Pn-em.
-e-\n-f|-t ]o-Xn-em.- -(a. n. e-\-]-ew
202-nw A-[yn-bw 3-nw u^n-Iw)
4. A-o-I:- H- A-]mh-c-n-bo--
A-o-I. h-Xy-e-Xo--tS A-. H-
~n-1-W-fn-]-n A-o-I a-ey-an-bop--. a-ey-an-b A-o-I-bo \o-w
a-ey-cn-Pn-=w a-ey-K-o-w P-\o-.
A--\-t P-\-\-h-a-b-m A-o-I ep1w -ao-bo F-o-b-Xn-bo In--.
(a. n. B-Zo-]-ew. 122 A-[yn-bw 61-nw
u^n-Iw)5. A-[-a
::- A-[-a--;-tS -o-a-Zmne-an-b H- !--g. (a. n. B-Zo-]-ew
66-nw A-[yn-bw 53-nw u^n-Iw) n-cy \o--Xo. a-- -b, a-in--b, -Xz.
A-[-a-m h--o-\o-m A-i-n-cw
F- a-tn- !-^ P-\o-. (a. n. fno-]-ew 90-nw A-[ynbw 27-nw u^n-Iw)
(H--S-w)
ngoXhnKcw
ngoXhnKcw (HS)
( S)
e-m I-b-o P-d-?p-U-tN--un e-j-tc -b--I-%m \n-f--n-bo A-e F-t

5-P-I-jn-tW-m \o-\--lo---tS. A-H-tIn-1m Pp-e-\o tIn-Xo--t-o \p F-t
I-b-o-ud-%m C-\o-ua-do e-c--Xm C-Xn-m -K-en-t h-u-fw. B-\ uNn-Zo- N---Ken F-eo-tS--o-un? "\p-w --w N-eo-o ta-Xo- Pp-e an-^w _n-o-bn-b
-b--I-tj B-f|-ho-o-%-I-bn-m" dw-_-I-W ]-l- A-Xo-\o-S-bo-dn-m F-t
C-un-m ]-l--eo--Hm. B-\ ]-l-. "F-n \p F-\o-%m -K-en-t\ In-Wo--Xn
Rn-t\n-m \-a--co-m a-t-eo-tS-tb-o-w t]n-tn-nw. "F-n \p H--m F-t
-tS-e-" -b -Wo-. cn-ô-bn-b-un -b B-\-tb I-b-o-t I-c-bo-ud-%
-o-tn-1-e-m te--o \o-k-do- N--t\ In-Wo- tIn--K. "\--tS -K-en
te--o-t \--eo [yn-\o- tIn-o-co-%-I-bn-m. \p f-p--n-n-tX ue-K-o
\-a--co- u]n [yn-\-o- X-S-w e--o-bn A-u-i-o- e-n-tX uZ-gyw e-w"
B-\ -b-un-tS \-a--co-o--u]n-bo. ]o-t B-\-&-w A-un-m Xo-co- e-o-.
-b--I B--uS-w f-dyw -Sn-tX -J-an-bo I-ko--I-w tN-. A-H-tIn-n-m a-in(H--S-w)
n--tS u]--an-^w a-Xo an-\w ho-o-n-t\-m ]-l---Hm.
+xn 481 47
47
tmI]cnNbw
\nb uc
uc\nYm
\nYm
#--Xo-: -!uNd
uNd?w
w BY
-c-N-\-: -co
co
fcu]no
-?-w:w - aoI
('cwhPw Pucâo\WubnKaîoaoIn ')Ftnc
Ft
ncWXa
Xa^ In
InEH
EH_cnwKoIuj_X!
cnwKoIuj_X!
In\KaouXe\oXn
In
KaouXe\oXnnKyaoZwaa
nKyaoZwaa
Nantn
antn
gWj\
gWj\eoh
eohi=w
NoXo\o\XoNoc
No
Xo\o\XoNoc\
\#]b
]bWXw.
Xw.
]-Zn-Yw:w:- _--cnw-Ko = --co, In-
= -n-=m, \o-Xn- = A-[o-I-an-b, G-=w; No-c--\ =!-cn-X-\, -f|-c-hn-cnw-fww::- ui, --co-I-uj (uXn-ko-I
uj), F-t -n-=m bn-^-u]n-b-uf-gw
F-tn-c-W-X-an- Rn In---Hm.
C-Xn F-\o--\-e-[o-n-Ky- ttI-e-oco-%-. C-un-tk-\o-% d-o- a-u\n-i-c-jn-b a-Wo--gn-Zo-w A-\--h-Kw
Rn a-\-o H-co--u]n-w No-ooo-. C-tX-nw -f|-c-t #-]n-I-Sn--anbo Rn I--H-.
r--]-co-N-bww::- a-d-bn-jo--tS A-\-e-Zy-hun-i-\-I-d-bn- I-Y-I-jo. uI-c-jw I-YI-jo--tS \n-Sn-bn-W-lo-b-t---Hm. -c-X-\o--tS \n-Sy-fn--=w, uZ-en--c-en-Zy-
ttI-uIn-%- Xn-j-ua-j-[|-\o-w, [-e-Wa--c-an-b hw-Kp-X-=w, e-uWn-P|-d-an-b
B-in-cy-ufn--w A-I--So uh-eo-%-
\n-Sy-an-m I-Y-I-jo. B---Yn-hn-io-Xyw
a-d-bn-j-I-eo-Xn-5-n-\-o-w, \n-SyI-d-w !-Xo-tbn--h-c-Wo-te-o-K-l-.
tIn-n-c--c---cn, uIn--bw uI-c-je-a (]-k-bo-cn-P), C-c-bo--X-o, D-Bnbo-en-cy H-S-o-b 5-K-V-a-Xo-I c-No-
I-Y-I B-h|-Zo-n--e eo-c-j-an-bo-co%w. ]w-2o-bo ]-I-o-bo-co-%-
u^n-Iw !-uN-d-?-w - B---Y-bo
\o--an-m. tN-- a-in-uZ-eu-^-o- Io-k-%-e-fw Ip-kmu-co-ua-,
-co- C--Km f--c-u]n-o-bn-m
#-Xo--tS I-n-=m. 1843 -X 1905 e-tc-
48
bn-bo-- I-eo--tS Pp-eo-X-In-dw. u]n-o-tS C-w C- \o-d-eo-do-. In-ey-Y-Ww

tIn-1w A-o-\-b hn-[y-X tIn-1w
B---Y- Io-o-b 5-ho-o e-j-tc e--Xnm. #--h-o-[o-bo 5n-Y-\n-\oc-X-\n-b !-uN-d-t "A-Po-Xn-i-uc! P-ban-[-e! eo-un A-P--J-uZ-e-\-X!" F-
H-S-- ]-Zw I-c-j-do-bo-%- I--W-c-h5-en-i-an-m.--uN-wo-Xw-tIn-1- P-K 5-ho-w, Z-co---an-b !-uN-d-~n-1-W
X-t _n-dy-In-d h-Jo-bn-b [p-#--t\
Z|n-c-I-bo tN-I-1m, A-wo-%-e-IuX-Sn I-;w t\-;w I-d- A-eoo-ko--an-bo !-l-t--. Z|n-c-I-bo
F-o-b ~n1W #2obo
?IounbXo\n B-K-a-u\n-u-fw a-l-
u]n-bo. F-n !-uN-d Xo-co-m h|-[i-o F-o-u---Xo---m d-Kp-K-e-Xo !-uN-d-[-i-o 5-ue-fo-m B
-e-\w H- c-nw- Z|n-c-I--h-an-\-an-bo
!-\x--wo-. I-B-S--H-l-%w--m X-t
!-w-_-o--n-b n-KynXo-uc-Iw -I-1m
A-W-X--t-bn-!- !-uN-d-]-Uo--tS
a-u\n-eyn-]n-c-an-m u^n-I-o e-Woo-co-%--Hm. In-ey--jo A--e-an-bo
In-- a-o-I-?--an-m u^n-I-c-N\-m D-]--2- an-o-bo-co-%--Hm. !-an-c
-\n-fn-t h-p--\-ta- I-eo-X-w
(N--ua-lo-b -eo-w...), [p-\n-cn-b-WY--eo-t -~-1-Wy-un-^-=w
?--o-dn-m F-?-Xo-bo---Hm.
Printed
481 and48published
+xnby N. Vedaprakash, Dayananda Bhavan, Narendrabhooshan road, Chengannur 689 121, owned by
N.
Vedaprakash,
Dayananda
Bhavan, Chengannur
- ao
aow\w
\w Bg\nZw
689 121 and Printed at Amrita Bharathi Press, Chengannur 689121, Kerala and
published at Dayananda Bhavan, Narendrabhooshan road, Chengannur 689 121 Kerala. Editor : Kamala Narendrabhooshan.
5#Xo ]coWnafndo\obn
!. Ae hZn anlotno
co%w. PpenZn A]coWnaobn
m; A+w haQanm.
AXo\n Ae 5#XotS
]oSobo lm Aa tIno
co%w; unKy;tS cho
\oal\nboco%w. !gu\w
(PpenZneou\w) 5#Xoubw
Arshanadam Malayalam Monthly (unKyuw) co% GI
The only vedic-philosophical journal in malayalam ]canZnen!; 5#XotS
Vol - 39 No - 11
2013 JULY 10 _\o \om eom,
AXot\ a\xew alm,
]canZneo [yn\al\n! PpenZneot uNX\X ]canZneot I
uNX\boud% hf2w 5eio%un, BZanb ôI~1w X
tXjo tInoco%w; PpenZneot uNX\X AXanbm eIw tNw.
At\, CH Rn XtbntWm PpenZn=m Alow. ?uaW uZiw B
BZneot\ eyn!dtKXnXnbopw. CXm fnpbanb No XtbnWm.
At uXnobn Au\|gWw HSXo \nw foIm XjcXm. IncWw
\tS eoI B Au\|gWekobotd H Xocotejo=anbo \tS om... ... \ucg ...
Regd. News Paper 20060/70 INDIA
Postal Registration No KL/TLA/3/2012-14
WPP No: KL/TLA/WPP/137/2012-14
Single Copy ` 20/Annual Subscription ` 240/POSTED AT THIRUVALLA RMS
ueZjoudm aSoun=Ib, ueZjoudm aSoecoIbnWm \nw...
\ucgWot dyanb #XoI
1
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NHueZhwioX (anJao) ------------------- 2600.00

Zufn]\ogm ngn ngyw (Uo.ho.eOm) -- 1200.00
hXynY5Infw---------------------------------- 725.00
KpXncihyw (anJao) --------------------------500.00
Aubn[ybotd [pcna (Uo.ho.eOm) -------- 150.00
iouXn]uZfIYI (anJao) ----------------- 130.00
D]\b\w Fm? Fo\m? ----------------------- 120.00
ico\naIp\w (anJao) --------------------- 90.00
]cudnI=w !\P=w (Uo.ho.eOm)---------- 90.00
ubnuKf|c\nb [p# (Uo.ho.eOm) ------- 90.00
D]nh\---------------------------------------------- 60.00
NoUNo\w ------------------------------------ 50.00
aX=w 2ow ------------------------------------- 50.00
[a]nT ---------------------------------------- 40.00
BcyntS BZouZfw --------------------------- 35.00
ainXzbw -------------------------------------- 35.00
[in[aw F h|Kw ----------------------- 35.00
D]\ogmIYI (Uo.ho.eOm) ---------------- 30.00
Radical Variation ------------------------------------- 25.00
Bg\nZw 5hopIcW
1 Ambedkar Veda & Origin of Caste --------------- 270.00

Zbenbo [onw
B-g-\n-Ze-co-hw-Jy, r--eo-d, hw-n-e-\,
Zn\w Foe _n-m fnJbow ASnw.
]-Ww ASuf-gw eoecw Alobo%em
A- 5-?-o- Zo-e-hw !--I- h|-In-cy
-X-]n-do--udn, X-]n-do--udn A-b---Xn-Wm.
S.B.T CHENGANNUR
Account Name
: N.VEDAPRAKASH
S.B Account No
: 57030732684
MICR CODE
: 689009052
IFSC CODE
: SBTR0000085
FEDERAL BANK CHENGANNUR

Account Name
: M/S ARSHANADAM
Current Account No : 10240200010734
MICR CODE
: 689049999
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ueZw an^-anWm 5anWw, ueZnw 5N-co-o-%

eoc2o F Ppeo-X-\o-ug-[o \ow ao-ubn A-cnKw fpdo-o-% ueZ[-a-o-ud%
D]-\-b-\-anWm nc-X-ot 2o-an-Kw...eo--\n-cn-b-W-\--Xo-co
IkoInd ainbo hwfbw ue.

]t, ecn u]n!e X aicanboco%w...
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Zbn\e\w
\ucgulnUm tN 689121 uIcjw
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tteZoI hnioXy
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adbnjotd GI tteZoI--Znf\oI anhoI

ttN\botd H _vu^w (1870 Wnm Fhm. uUn_ohm ec No^w)

16tte-Zo-I b-- 24tteZo-IX|No 30 tteZoIh|]w

uUn. Fw.B. cnuPgm

uZehy ]fy Ineyw \ aanc \ PpcyXo.

a\pcv`h P\bmssZhyw P\av

uIn--bw ............. Kw-Kn-[-c-\n-b

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{]hmlm A\mZnbmb krjvSn

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-(E-gox - -ZpcmLXanx, uZ-e-Xnn- BZn, O-x - h|cnUmPKXo, h|cx \ognZx)-

]ZnYw-:-- (I-?w) wotS ]cn?at \nbo ]co]ndom I?at 5Zn\w tN

eynJyn\w:-- aom adbnj

fn-cp-co-I eo-In-c-c-io-X-w, \n-Up-R-c-I-jon--Hw, I--=w, ]n-]-c-io-X-w,

ARSHANADAM 481 JULY - 2013

a-i-go Z-bn-\--t a-c-W-e-g-o

ARSHANADAM 481 JULY - 2013

D--c-en-Zo-I. Xp-Yn-S-\w C-m n-c-Xo-td h-yn-ho-an--tS ey-e-hn-b-an-Wm.

u]n-Inw. C--t\ ]-d I-Y-I-;w io-an-db-t hw-_-o-w Xp-Y-bn-^-I-tj

ARSHANADAM 481 JULY - 2013

ueZot aiX|w (HS)

an-w. A-Xn-b-Hm -cy-t B-eo-n-ew

L--an-b P-dw (B-]x) X-t-bn-m.

ARSHANADAM 481 JULY - 2013

Aw-Ko-c-o-t hn-a-Kn-\-n B-#-wcn-b uZ-e-n --c-n-h-n-i--;-anw,

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F-n Rn-b-ln-G-w SaontX HS.

en-P-h-u\-bp-I-B-w (\( -Xo-5o-bn-gyw-)

hKncwo f|c agy\m

ARSHANADAM 481 JULY - 2013

]ZnYw:- -A--ubn a--gyn, #--Yo-eynx =

-n-en-Yw:w:- a--o 5-ubn-Ko-oco-%--Xm -un-]-a A-d-n-c-an-Wm.

thZw {ipXn Bav\mbw

XynKab=w \oh|nY=anb PpeoXbn

ARSHANADAM 481 JULY - 2013

-W-o-\n-bo Pp-eo-Xw D-ko- e-m

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ARSHANADAM 481 JULY - 2013

ttI-I-jo -lo-=-n-%w. c-2w !-c-

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f-o -So a-n-Qw r-io-%-en

ARSHANADAM 481 JULY - 2013

eyn-Jyn hyn-ax ]--h|n-[o-I-c-uW-i

n-\- A-yn-Zo-I 5-?o-b-bo-w

-ue-uZn-+-o h-a-b \o-W-bw- (HS)

an-bo. A-Xn-b-Hm B-c a-\|--c--ujn-Sm

ARSHANADAM 481 JULY - 2013

un. AXom B-c a-\|--c-

-tS B-Zy-In-cy-X-|-o-t, --P-Xo =

ARSHANADAM 481 JULY - 2013

an-\n-b -f|-c h-a-bn-h-a-b--jo

H-u]n-td -wo 5-j-b--%w B-cw-

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