Chng 3: Thiet ke nghien cu

Cac muc chnh trong chng nay la: 3.1-Thiet ke van e nghien cu 3.2- Cau truc (hoach nh) van e va thiet ke nghien cu 3.3-Van e cua nguyen nhan 3.4-Th nghiem co ien 3.5-Cac nghien cu thiet ke khac 3.63.6-Cac yeu cau trong thiet ke nghien cu

3.1 3.1-Thiet ke van e nghien cu

Thiet ke nghien cu la bao gom toan bo ke hoach lien ket nhan thc van e nghien cu vi nghien cu thc nghiem thch hp va co the lam c Nghien cu thc nghiem la tien hanh e tra li cac cau hoi nghien cu Chon thiet ke nghien cu trong chien lc la chon tong the c thc hien vi muc ch tm c cach tiep can phu hp e tra li van e nghien cu bang phng cach tot nhat co the trong khuon kho cac rang buoc cho trc (thi gian, kinh ph, ky nang)

3.1 3.1-Thiet ke van e nghien cu (tt)

Thiet ke van e sai se rat kho khan e tra li c cac cau hoi at ra. ra. Lap bang hoi sai, khong ro rang se khong thu c cac thong tin can cho phan tch. V vay thiet ke nghien cu la rat quan trong, co vai tro ky thuat chu nhan, con phan tch so lieu c cho la vai tro ky thuat ay t Thiet ke nghien cu la phai tra li c cau hoi sau sau: : Toi thc s can cai g e tra li cho cac cau hoi nghien cu cua toi?

3.2 3.2- Cau truc van e va thiet ke nghien cu

Hay xem xet cac th du sau ay: (1) Mot ang phai chnh tr can tien hanh tham do e xem xet ty le ngi ung ho ho. ay la mot van e cau truc. ang chnh tr biet thong tin nao la can, tc ty le c tri ung ho. (2) Mot cong ty quang cao a a ra hai ban quang cao va can biet ban nao trong hai ban la quang cao co hieu qua. Trong trng hp nay van e nghien cu c cau truc. Cong ty quang cao can biet ban nao trong hai ban quang cao (A va B) la tot nhat, hoac A hn B, hoac B hn A hoac A=B A=B. .

3.2 3.2- Cau truc van e va thiet ke nghien cu

Hn the, trong trng hp nay, quang cao c coi la can nguyen ma co the a ra mot tac dung nao o nh s nhan biet c, s quan tam hoac nhu cau mua hang (3) Doanh so ban hang cua cong ty X a giam trong 3 thang lien tuc. Ban quan ly khong biet tai sao. Trong trng hp nay, ban quan ly phai thc hien mot quan sat. Ban quan ly khong biet cai g la nguyen nhan giam doanh so ban. ay la van e khong c cau truc

3.2 3.2- Cau truc van e va thiet ke nghien cu (tt)

Cac th du tren ch ra rang cac van e co the khac nhau trong cau truc, hoach nh tc la lam the nao e chung c hieu ro. Da vao cau truc van e, chung ta co the phan biet gia ba loai thiet ke nghien cu:
Thiet ke nghien cu: 1. Tham do 2. Mo ta 3. Nguyen nhan Cau truc van e: Khong cau truc Cau truc Cau truc

Thiet ke tham do
Khi nao van e nghien cu rat kho hieu, mot thiet ke nghien cu tham do (t hoac nhieu) la thch hp Trong th du ba neu tren, cong ty phai tien hanh ieu tra nguyen nhan, thu thap d kien Khi co c cac thong tin, van e c ro hn va cuoc khao sat tham do ket thuc, cau hoi c tra li.

Thiet ke mo ta
Trong nghien cu mo ta, van e c cau truc (hoach nh) va hieu ro Xem xet trng hp khi mot cong ty can xem xet quy mo th trng M Van e hay nhiem vu can giai quyet la ro rang. Cong viec can phai lam la, trc tien, can mot nh ngha th trng la g? Co phai la mot so ngi, ngi mua thc tai va tiem nang oi vi san pham (X) cu the trong mot a ban cu the mot thi iem c xac nh (1 nam), hay la cai g khac?. Nhiem vu cua ngi nghien cu luc nay la phai a ra c thong tin nay.

Thiet ke mo ta (tt)
Tom lai, cac ac tnh chu yeu cua nghien cu mo ta la s cau truc van e va ay cac thu tuc va cac quy tac la ro rang Nghien cu mo ta co the bao ham ln hn mot bien so (nh nghien cu moi quan he di dan vi viec lam, thu nhap; nghin cu tc ng ca cc yu t qun l n hiu qu hay nng sut cng ty ty )

Thiet ke nguyen nhan

Trong nghien cu nguyen nhan, cac van e vi s khao sat ky lng cung a c cau truc Tuy nhien, ngc lai vi nghien cu mo ta, trong trng hp nay, ngi nghien cu phai oi dien vi nhng van nguyen nhan va ket qua, nh gii thieu trong th du ve quang cao phan tren Nhiem vu chnh trong nghien cu nay la phai tach biet nhng nguyen nhan, va noi len xem co hay khong va en chng mc nao th nguyen nhan ket qua co hieu lc Th du cac cau hoi trong nghien cu nguyen nhan la Loai thuoc o co hieu lc hay khong? hay Vi lieu lng nao th thuoc co hieu lc nhat?. ?.

3.2 3.2- Cau truc van e va thiet ke nghien cu (tt)

Khi xem xet cac thiet ke nghien cu van e c la chon, ngi nghien cu can suy ngh e tm dang thiet ke nghien cu phu hp, va cau hoi at ra cho ngi nghien cu ay la: Dang thiet ke nghien cu nao la thch hp cho van e nghien cu cua toi?

3.3 3.3-Van e cua nguyen nhan

Van e cua nguyen nhan va ket qua c goi la ly thuyet tu vien trong nghien cu. Co the bieu dien ly thuyet nay bang cach sau ay. Gia s co hai bien so X va Y. Moi quan he gia X va Y nh sau sau: : X Y (X nguyen nhan cua Y) Y X (Y nguyen nhan cua X) X Y ( quan he nhan qua qua lai) X Y ( khong co quan he).

3.4 3.4-Th nghiem co ien

Co hai nhom bao gom nhom thc nghiem, tc nhom ma tac nhan kch thch th nghiem c ch nh th nghiem, va nhom kiem chng khong boc lo tac nhan kch thch th nghiem O1, O2, bieu th cac quan sat X la tac nhan kch thch th nghiem hay goi la bien tac nhan-bien oc lap R ch s ngau nhien, tc cac oi tng c ch nh mot cach ngau nhien cho hai nhom th nghiem va kiem chng

3.4 3.4-Th nghiem co ien

S o 3.1: Th nghiem co ie Nhom th nghiem Nhom kiem chng R R Trc th nghiem O1 O3 X Sau th nghiem O2 O4 Khac biet (O2-O1) (O4-O3)

3.4 3.4-Th nghiem co ien (tt)

Bien phu thuoc la s o lng tac ong nao ay. Neu nh nhan to kch thch th nghiem co tac ong, khi o: (O2-O1)> (O4-O3)
Trong th nghiem, ngi nghien cu phai kiem tra cac bien oc lap, tc luan giai co the loi keo cac ieu kien th nghiem khac nhau. Tai sao can s dung cac nhom kiem chng?

Th du
Gia s 100 ngi vi chuan oan cum a c ch nh ngau nhien vi hai nhom: nhom th nghiem gom nhng ben nhan co s dung thuoc, tc trao cho mot tac nhan kch thch th nghiem bang mot tac ong cua thuoc, va nhom kiem chng a c tao lap, khong co tac nhan kch thch th nghiem, tc khong co tac ong cua thuoc Cac oi tng a c ch dan quay lai sau mot tuan va sau o at cau hoi anh/ch co cam thay tot hn khong?. g?. Ket qua c the hien qua bieu di ay:

Bieu 3.1: Hoan thien bao cao trong hai nhom th va kiem tra
Nhom Th nghiem 80% 20% 100% (50) Kiem chng 20% 80% 100% (50) Tong so

Cam thay tot hn

Co Khong Tong N

50% 50% 100% 100

Giai thch ket qua

Ket qua kiem tra cua bang 3.1 cho thay ty le cao cua nhom th nghiem c tng trnh tot hn so vi trng hp cua nhom kiem chng S khac biet trong bao cao ket qua la co y ngha thong ke, tc ieu o rat co kha nang la thuoc a co mot tac ong. S luan giai c xem xet nh la nguyen nhan trong trng hp nay.

3.4 3.4-Th nghiem co ien (tt)

Bien oc lap co the o lng mot cach rach roi nhieu hn hai gia tr Chng hn, mot cong ty muon biet cach nao trong cac chien lc ban hang la co hieu qua nhat: S1 (qua ien thoai), S2 (quang cao), S3 (ban trc tiep) hoac S4 (ban trc dien+quang cao). ). Toi co biet cac bien oc lap va phu thuoc cua toi la g? Mot th nghiem la thch hp?

3.5 3.5-Cac nghien cu thiet ke khac

Thiet ke nghien cu moi quan he tng quan. Nguyen nhan (oc quang cao), ket qua (sc mua) cung a c o trong cung mot thi gian gian. . ay la nhng cai g c goi la thiet ke nghien cu mat cat cheo hay thiet ke nghien cu tng quan Kiem chng bien so th ba

Bieu 3.2: Sang kien mi theo quy mo to chc Mc o sang kien mi Cao Thap Tong so n Qui mo to chc Nho 20% 80% 100% 50 Ln 80% 20% 100% 50 Tong so 50% 50% 100% 100

3.5 3.5-Cac nghien cu thiet ke khac (tt)

Ngi nghien cu muon biet xem nganh co phai la yeu to giai thch hay khong Bang viec kiem chng theo nganh, ket qua c the hien qua bieu 3.3 di ay

Bieu 3.3: Kiem tra oi vi bien so th ba Mc o sang kien mi Cao Thap Tong so (%) n Nganh Qui mo to chc nganh I 80% 20% 100
(nho) Qui mo to chc nganh II

Tong so

80% 20% 100 25 (ln)

20% 80% 100

20% 80% 100

50% 50% 100% 100

25

25 25 (nho) (ln)

3.5 3.5-Cac nghien cu thiet ke khac (tt)

Ket qua bieu 3.3 bay gi a ch cho thay qui mo to chc khong co tac ong. g. Mc o thay oi trong sang kien mi c giai thch bang tac ong theo nganh Th du nay con dang n gian. Co nhieu hn hai loai trong moi bien cung co the co, cung nh co the kiem chng nhieu hn mot bien, nh kiem chng bien th 5, th 6 Kiem chng cho cac bien khac co the thc hien bang phan tch tng quan tng phan.

3.5 3.5-Cac nghien cu thiet ke khac (tt)

Trong thiet ke nghien cu mat cat cheo, so lieu ve bien phu thuoc va bien oc lap c thu thap tai cung mot a iem theo thi gian Ngi nghien cu thng thu c cac quan sat ve mot hien tng xay ra qua chuoi thi gian Thiet ke thi gian tieu bieu nh sau sau: : O1 O2 O3, x, O4 O5 O6.

3.6 3.6-Cac yeu cau trong thiet ke nghien cu

Cac yeu cau nao can phai thoa man vi van e thiet ke nghien cu hien tai? Yeu cau th nhat la can chon muc ch nghien cu Yeu cau th hai la can co la cac gia thuyet co lien quan. Khi cac yeu cau thiet ke c thoa man cac quyet nh can phai c tien hanh ve cac yeu cau se can phai at, cac thong tin can thiet phai c thu thap.

3.6 3.6-Cac yeu cau trong thiet ke nghien cu

Cac quyet nh quan trong co the bao gom: Cac bien so can c o nh the nao? Cac loai so lieu? Th cap hay s cap? Neu la th cap, nguon? Neu la s cap lam the nao e thu thap? Qua quan sat hay phong van? Neu phong van, oi tng can phong van?, Cac cau hoi cho phong van, ngi i phong van?, Lam sao e chon mau, kch thc mau can chon?.

Cac cau hoi thao luan: 1) Thiet ke nghien cu la g? Cac loai thiet ke nghien cu? Cho th du ve moi loai? 2) Xac nh bien oc lap va phu thuoc trong van e nghien cu cua ban? Cach th nghiem tac ong cua bien theo mo hnh th nghiem. 3) Cac yeu cau trong thiet ke nghien cu? at muc ch nghien cu va gia thuyet nghien cu cho van e nghien cu cua ban.

Bi tp 2:
T chn vn nghin cu bi tp 1; (1) Lm r mc tiu cn gii quyt (mc tiu NC); NC) ; (3) Xc nh vn cu trc hay khng cu trc trc; ; (4) Chn thit k nghin cu ph hp; p; (5) Xc nh cc bin c lp, bin ph thuc c; ; (6) Xy dng cc gi thuyt nghin cu