Experimental title: Lab on Osmosis and Diffusion Purpose/objectives: One aim is to show the basic principles of osmosis using

the dialysis tubing Another objective is to prove that osmosis and also diffusion can certainly occur between diverse solutions of different concentration. Reagents/equipment used: 200/500ml beakers, dialysis tubing, dialysis tubing clips, distilled water, funnel, iodine solution, starch solution from sweet potato, magnetic stirring bar, 100ml measuring cylinder, steering bar, pipette, a timer, paper, HB pencil. Procedure: Put dialysis tubing on one end and measure it; which should be about 15cm. Soak the tubing in distilled water for few minutes. Bring it out of the water when its soft. Shake the starch solution and Pour it in a beaker Use the pipette to take 3mm of the starch solution Open the dialysis tubing and pour the solution inside. Add the tubing clip to the other end

Put 250ml of water to a fresh beaker that contains the dialysis tubing clipped. Add iodine, five level/drops of 10seconds interval Place the beaker on the magnetic stirring bar Keep adding five iodine drop until the solution turns to a blue black color. Introduction: All cells contain kinetic energy and that is why molecules of the cells move around and collides with each other. Diffusion is one great example of this molecular movement. Diffusion is defined as the random movement of molecules from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration. On the other hand, osmosis is a distinct type of diffusion that involves the movement of water through a selectively permeable membrane from a region of higher water concentration to a region of lower water concentration. One important function is that diffusion or osmosis occurs only when dynamic equilibrium is reached. Dynamic equilibrium is a sound state of steadiness involving no net flows of solute from one area to another even though some random particles move around and collide with one another changing each others direction. Once a difference is made amongst the concentration of a specific solute in one area of a solution and another, substances have a tendency to diffuse where the concentration is higher than where the concentration is low.

Important keywords: Osmoregulation: it controls the amount of water and it is a homeostasis mechanism. Hypertonic solution is the solution where the concentration of solute is higher outside of the cell. Water in cell moves to the solution.

Hypotonic solution is the solution where concentration of solute is higher inside than it is outside of the cell. Here water from solution moves inside the cell.

Isotonic solution however is the solution with equal concentration of solute inside and outside the cell. Here theres no net flow.

Plasmolysis is a different kind of osmosis where water moves out of the cell/material.

Cell membrane: provides structure and controls the passage of materials between the cell and its environment.

Deplasmolysis is also a type of osmosis where water moves into the cell/material.

Result: After placing the beaker that contains the dialysis tubing on the magnetic stirring bar, change occurred gradually. At 2mins after placing the solution, no change was observed even though iodine drops were added several times. At 3mins, the same result was obtained but this time around the water inside the beaker changed from white to yellow because of the iodine added to it. At 4mins, the solution gradually started changing to grey in color and the water turned to dark yellow. However, at 5mins, the solution began to change to black and little bit blue. After adding countless drops of iodine to the water, the solution turned to a blue black color at 6mins 53seconds. At 12mins the blue black color moved out across the dialysis tubing. A table indicating the time and result of my experiment using starch and iodine reagents time result

Starch and iodine

At 2mins

No change observed in the solution.

Starch and iodine

At 3mins

No change observed but the water in the beaker changed to yellow

Starch and iodine

At 4mins 40secs

The

solution

gradually

changed to grey Starch and iodine At 6mins the solution turned to blue black in the dialysis tubing. Starch and iodine 12mins The blue black color align across the dialysis tubing

Analysis: 10% change between the negative and positive control. The solution gradually changed at 6mins 35sec to a blue black color in the dialysis tubing and it spread out across the tubing. Positive control can be used to know what the bench mark is. Inference: More time allows the iodine across the semi permeable membrane. Reaction take place and change take over. There is a chemical bond between iodine and starch because of the change in color. Chemical bond equals chemical energy. Potential energy was also present. Conclusion:

All cells have kinetic energy and that is why molecules of the cells move around and collides with each other. During this experiment, my observation proved that theres a chemical and potential bond between the iodine and starch since the color changed from white to yellow and the solution changed from white to yellow to grey and finally to blue black color after many drops of iodine. Theory: Theories observed during my experiment: There is a chemical bond between iodine and starch because of the change in color. All cells contain kinetic energy and that is why molecules of the cells move around and collides with each other.

References: Lab notes Lecture notes and handouts Google search engine: http://images.tutorvista.com/cms/images/40/osmosis-and-diffusion-venn-diagram.png http://b.vimeocdn.com/ts/343/686/343686111_640.jpg