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Lecture03 Basic TX RX 2up
Lecture03 Basic TX RX 2up
Lecture03 Basic TX RX 2up
Administrative
Elad will be out of town this Thurs.
Make-up lecture will be held on Mon. 1-31 1:30-3:00pm in 127 Dwinelle Office hours on Thurs. cancelled available over email
EE290C
Lecture 3
EE290C
Lecture 3
Outline
Signaling Basics
Single-ended vs. differential Current-mode vs. Voltage-mode signaling Termination
RX Circuit Design
Comparator review Deserialization options
TX Circuit Design
Z control CML, VM drivers Power vs. swing Serialization options
EE290C
Lecture 3
Single-Ended Signaling
rcvr din Cd ref Cr xmtr dout
No XTALK immunity
EE290C Lecture 3 5
EE290C
Lecture 3
Classic Debate
Differential must be twice as fast as singleended in order to win Reality more complicated
E.g., power supply to signaling pin ratio higher in S.E.
Short answer
Differential a lot easier to build and get right the first time Can make S.E. work but often a lot more painful
EE290C
Lecture 3
Transmission line has both voltage and current Terminology unfortunately heavily overloaded
Whether or not Zo of driver is high How Zo of driver is set What sets output swing
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EE290C
Lecture 3
Another View
Low Impedance
VS
High Impedance
Single Ended
+ -
+ d ref -
VS/2 shared
Differential
+
+ -
d d
RX opposite of TX
Signal integrity implications?
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Why Terminate?
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Lecture 3
11
Internal: makes package L, pad C part of T-line External: chip/package become a stub
If want on-die term need to control its value
EE290C Lecture 3 12
EE290C
Lecture 3
13
L
0.80
Gd
LI CI RI
Ci, Ri typically dominate
Normalized amplitude
0.60
0.40
0.20
0.00
LPF at pad can dominate overall channel Example: 500fF ESD, 500fF driver, 500fF wire
Bandwidth ~4GHz with double-terminated link
Active Terminations
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Lecture 3
15
AC vs. DC Termination
With diff. can terminate to complement
High Z lower power See more shortly
RAC
Rx
TX sets common-mode
Can be inconvenient May need wide CM range
RAC
VCM RCM
Rx
AC-coupled + AC-term
Places some requirements on data though
EE290C Lecture 3
RCM VCM
16
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Lecture 3
17
Alphabet Soup
LVDS, CML GTL, GTL+, RSL, VM, CM HCM, LCM All same basic principles
Look at two representative circuits to understand some of the more fundamental tradeoffs
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Lecture 3
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CML TX + RX Term
VD D 50 VDD 50
Zo = 50
Tx
Zo = 50
Rx
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Lecture 3
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Differential VM TX + RX
Main motivation: can reduce power for same swing/supply
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Lecture 3
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High-swing driver:
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Low-Swing VM Driver
Old standards often required large swings (>1V diff. p2p)
More modern designs use much lower swings (~200-400mV diff. p2p) to save power
Low-swing VM driver:
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Lecture 3
25
Impedance Control
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Lecture 3
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Another Approach
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Basic RX
Simplest: RX is just a comparator @ fbit
(Clocking later)
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Typical Design
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StrongArm Review
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Lecture 3
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Higher Speeds
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