Burmese - Patterns For Living From The Old Testament

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A.L.ESihf Joyce Gill
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A.L.ESihf Joyce Gill jyKpkonf
Gill Ministries
www.gillministries.com
BurmesePatternsforLiving
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A.L Gill ESifh Joyce Gill ESpfOD;pvHk;wdkYonf Master of Theological degrees rsm;&&SdcJh Mu
NyD; A.L Gill onf Vision Christian University rS csD;jrifhaom Doctor of philosophy in
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13
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14
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15
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twGufyHkpH jzpfonf/
"ra[mif;usrf;onf bk&m;ocif\ESvHk;om;xJrSpwifjzpfay:vmNyD; ol\yHko@mefESihf
tnDzefqif;xm;onfh uREfkyfwdkYtm; cspfonfhBuD;rm;onfharwm? uREfkyfwdkYtm;
16
jyefvnfa&G;EkwfonfhtpDtpOfol\tvdkqErsm;udkaz:jyjyKpkxm;onfhtajccHtusqHk;
aom toufwmvrf;Tefjzpfonf/
,ckuREfkyfwdkYavhvmrIonf "ra[mif;usrf;wGif az:jyyg&Sdaom t"du usonfh
ormw&m;rsm;udkowdjzihftmHkjyK&Sif;vif;xm;ygonf/ "ra[mif;usrf;wGif az:jy
xm;onfh bk&m;ocif\<u,f0rI? olYvlrsm;twGuf tHhMozG,f&m vkyfaqmifrIrsm;tHhMo
zG,f&m oGefoifrIrsm;? tHhMozG,f &maumif;onfh *wdawmfrsm;udk vufpGJpmtkyf
wckxJjzihf avhvm&ef rjzpfEkdifyg/
avhvmrIonf ,ckrStpyif&Sdygao;onf/ "ra[mif;usrf;udk tpjyK avhvmjcif;
jzpf twdkaumufrSwfpkav;rsm;onf oihfb0toufwm bk&m;ocif\
Asm'dwfawmfrsm;yifjzpfygonf/
tm'HESihf{0udk bk&m;ocifajymcJhaom pum;rsm;onf ,ckwdkif tusdK; oufa&mufrI
&Sdygonf/ tmjA[Hudkay;cJhaom bk&m;ocif\ *wdawmfonf ,ckxdtusdK;
oufa&mufrI&Sdygonf/ "ra[mif;umvrSvlrsm;onf ar&Sd, u,fwif&Sif<uvmrnfh
tcsdef?
olwdkY\vdktyfcsufrsm;
jznfhqnf;ay;rnfh
tcsdefudk,HkMunfjcif;jzihf
arQmfvihfcJhouJhodkY ,aeY uREfkyfwdkY,HkMunfolrsm; onfvnf; a,Ic&pfawmf
uREfkyfwdkYtwGuf jyKcJhaom trIrsm;udk ,HkMunfjcif;jzihfjyefvnfMunfhI&ygvdrfhrnf/
jyefvSefavhusifh&efar;cGef;rsm;
1/ 2wd 3;16 a&;xm;aom ]] xkdusrf;pm&SdorQonf bk&m;ocifrIwfoGif;awmfrljcif;tm;jzifhjzpf}}
[laompmykd'f\ qkdvkd&if;rSm tb,fenf; usrf;pmtm; bk&m;ocifrIwfoGif;awmfrljcif;tqifhqifhukd
az:jyyg/
2/ ]]vHk;0rrSm;,Gif;Edkifonfhormusrf;pm}}ESifh ]]usrf;pm\t<uif;rJhcH,ltyfaomtcGihftmPm}} [laompum;wkdY\

qkdvkd&if;rSm tb,fenf; xkd ormw&m;wkdYtwGuf tajccHtkwfjrpfjzpfaom usrf;nTef;rsm;ukdaz:jyyg/
3/ ]]ormusrf;pmjzpfaomusrf;*efpk}}qdkonfrSm tb,fenf; tb,fhaMumifh usrf;pmukd 66 apmifrQom

owfrSwf&jcif;ukd az:jyyg/
17
oifcef;pm (2)
"ra[mif;umvrSt"dutjzpftysufBuD;rsm;
oifcef;pmuREfkyfwdkYonf orkdif;\ESpfaygif; 3600 udkjyefvnfMunfhI&ygrnf/
tcsdKUt"dutjzpftysufrsm;udkvdktyfvQif av;eufpGmavhvmoGm;rnf/ tcsdKUudk
tajccHrSwfpkrsm;xkwfNyD;tjcm;oifcef;pmrsm;udkjynfhpHkaprnf/tcsdKUtcsuftvufrsm;
udk yGihfvif;pGm tus,fw0ifh &Sif;vif;az:jy vG,fulpGmem;vnfapNyD; tESpfcsKyf
rsm;udkydkif;jcm;az:jyygrnf/ "ra[mif;usrf;umvonf ESpfaygif; 3600 MumNyD;
acwf 9 acwfjzihfydkif;jcm;ygrnf/
zefqif;jcif;rSa&vTrf;rdk;jcif;xd (4000 rS 2350 B.C)
av;pm;xdkufonfhyk*dKvfrsm;umv (2350 rS 2840 B.C)
tJ*kwKjynfrS oa&vvlrsdK;umv (1840 rS 440 B.C)
tJ*kwKjynfrScgeefodkY (1440 rS 1400 B.C)
w&m;olBuD;umv (1400 rS 1050 B.C)
oa&vEkdifiHxlaxmifjcif; (1051 rS 931 B.C)
EkdifiHuGJjym;jcif;-zrf;qD;cH&jcif; (931 rS 586 B.C)
AmAkvkef\uRefjzpfjcif; (605 rS 535 B.C)
jyefvnfa&G;EkwfydkYaqmifjcif; (535 rS 400 B.C)
zefqif;jcif;rSa&vTrf;rdk;jcif;xd
(4000 rS 2350 B.C)
zefqif;jcif;
urmOD;usrf;onft&mcyfodrf;\tpjzpfonf/ uREfkyfwdkYod&Sd&onfhpwifrIrsm;rSm urmavmuBuD;
vlom;rsdK;EG,f
bk&m;ocif\vlESihfqufqHrI
tjypf
jyefvnfa&G;Ekwfolay:vmrnfh*wdawmf
aojcif;
18
bmompum;uGJjym;rI
oa&vvlrsdK;
bk&m;ocif\olYudk,folaz:jyjcif;
vlom;rsdK;EG,fxJodkYtjypf0ifa&mufvmonf
bk&m;ocifonfurmBuD;ESifht&mcyfodrf;udkzefqif;onf/ vlom;tm'HESifh{0udkvnf;
zefqif;onf/ olwdkYonfbk&m;ocif zefqif;jcif;\txG#ftxdyfjzpfonf/ olwdkYonf
yHko@mefESihftnDzefqif;cH&onf/
zefqif;xm;orQtm;vHk;udktkyfpdk;&onf/
bkef;BuD;onff/
bk&m;ocifESihfrdom[m,zGJY&onf/
bk&m;ocifESihfwvHk;w0wnf;jzpf&onf/
bk&m;ocifonfolwdkYudk{'ifO,smOfae&mcsNyD; tyifwyif\toD;rSvGJ usefonfh
t&m tm;vHk;udkpm;ckdif;onf/
bk&m;ocifonfolESihfvlom;qufqHrIpwif&mwGif olYpum;udk emcHrIwckwnf;&Sd&ef
pwifcJhonf/ aemufydkif;wGiftm'HESihf {0onfbk&m;pum;udkqefYusifykefuefcJhonf/
rpm;&aomtyif\toD;udkpm;cJhonf/ xdkykefuefrI\&v'frsm;rSm bk&m;ocifxHrSxGufcGmcJh&onf/
bk&m;rsufarSmufawmfudkaMumuf&GHU&onf/
olwyg;udktjypfwifwwfvmonf/
zefqif;xm;orQudktkyfpdk;ydkifcGihfqHk;HI;onff/
bk&m;ocif\o@mefawmfESihfbkef;awmfqHk;HI;onf/
yifyef;pGmvkyfudkif&onf/
aojcif;/
yxrOD;qHk;ylaZmfquforI
bk&m;ocifonf tm'HESihf{0wGuf yxrOD;qHk; wd&pmefudkowf xdkom;a&jzihf
0wfvHkudk vkyfay;cJhonf/ vlom;wGufwd&pmefu udk,fpm;0if yxrOD;qHk;
ylaZmfqufuyftoufay;cJh&onf/
yxrOD;qHk;u,fwifjcif;twGuf*wdawmf
vlom;usL;vGefaomtjypf\&v'ftjzpf bk&m;ocifonf usdefjcif;udk aMunm
cJhaomfvnf; ypfrxm;chJay/ arQmfvihfcsufay;cJhonf/ rdef;r\rsdK;EG,fESihf qufpyf
tHhMozG,f&m*wdawmfudkay;cJhonf/
19
urmOD; 3;15 oifESifhrdef;rudkif;?

oif\trsdK;tEG,fESifh
rdef;r\
trsdK;tEG,f udkif;? igonf &efNidK ;zGJYaprnf/ olonf oif\ acgif; udk
Budwfvdrhfrnf/ oifonf ol\ zaemifhudkBudwfvdrfhrnf[k rdefYawmfrl\ /
yxrOD;qHk;vlowform;
urmOD;usrf;(4)
umeESihftmaAvzGm;jrifvmonf/
bk&m;ociftm;
ylaZmfrIjyKMu&mrSremvdkrIjzpfay:vmNyD; umeu tmaAvudkowfjzwfvdkufonf/
urmOD; 6;5 ajrBuD;ay:rSm vltjypfB uD;? ol\ pdwfESvHk;tBuHtpnf &Sd

orQwdkYonfqdk;npfjcif;oufouf &SdaMumif;udk?bk&m;ocifodjrifawmfrlvQif?
a&vTrf;rdk;jcif;
acwfumvwkdif;rSm bk&m;ocifonf,HkMunfolrsm;udkxm; xm;onf/ a&vTrf;rdk;jcif;
rwkdifrDaMumufp&maumif;aomtcsdef umvraumif;rIrsm;ESihf qdk;,kwfonfhumvrSm
{aemufonfbk&m;ocifESihftwloGm;vmonf/ oludkbk&m;ocifodrf;,lonf/ aem{
onf ajzmifhrwfaomoljzpfonf/ bk&m;ocifonfvlom;rsdK;EG,f wd&pmefrsm;
iSufrsm;udk odrf;qnf;xm;&eftwGuf aem{tm;oabFmBuD; udkaqmufvkyfaponf/
bk&m;ocifudkvlrsm;emcHrIr&SdvQif
bk&m;ocifonf
w&m;pD&ifonfhtaejzihf
ajrBuD;ay:rSm &Sdonffht&mrsm;udk zsufqD;wwfonf/
AmAkvHk&Jwdkuf
bk&m;ocifonfvlrsm;udk ajrBuD;ay:toD;oD;&ef? yGm;rsm;&ef? jynfhap&ef TefMum;
xm;onf/ odkYaomf&Sdemt&yfodkYvlrsm;a&muf &Sdvmaomtcg twlwuG aexkdif&ef
qHk;jzwfMuonf/ ajrBuD;udkrjynfhapMuawmh/ ajrBuD;rsufESmjyifrSm rjyefYESHUcsif
Muawmhay/
urmOD; 11;4 vmMu? ajrBuD;wjyifvH k; t&yf&yfuGJjym;rnfudk pdk;&drf?

NrdKUudkif;? rdkCf;aumif;uifokdYrSDaom &Jwdkufudkif; wnfvkyfojzifh
ausmfapm udwd&Sdapjcif;iSg jyKMuukeftHh[k ajymqkdMu\/
urmOD; 11;6-8
xm0&bk&m;u? MunfhIavmh/ vlwrsdK;wnf;?
pum;wpfrsdK ; wnf;&Sdonfjzpf? olwdkYonf trIudk tOD;jyKMu\/
,ckBuHpnforQwdkYudk
tqD;twm;r&Sd?
olwdkYj yKMuvdrfhrnf/vmMu/
qif;oufMuukeftHh/ olwdkYonf tcsif;csif; em;rvnfEkdifapjcif;iSG?
olwdkYpum;udk IwfaxG;MuukeftHh[k rdefYawmfrl\ /
bk&m;ocifajymonfh nDGwfrIESihf&nf&G,fcsuf trsm;ESihfoufqkdifonfh bmom
pum;udk em;vnf&efESihf rSwfom;xm;&efta&; BuD;onf/
av;pm;xdkufonfhyk*dKvfrsm;umv
(2350 rS 1840 B.C)
av;pm;xdkufonfhyk*dKvfrsm;[laomacgif;pOfudk"ropfusrf;wGif az:jyxm;NyD; arma&S

rwkdifrSD oa&vvlrsdK;ESihfEkdifiHudkpwifcJholrsm;jzpfonf/ xdkumvwGif olwdkYonf
20
rsdK;EG,fwGif;pD&iftkyfpdk;ydkifcGihfESihf toufBuD;qHk;jzpfum rdom;pk\ acgif;aqmifvnf;
jzpfMuonf/
a,mb
a,mb0wKonf ormusrf;pmwGif oufwrf;t&ihfqHk;jzpfum? yxrOD;qHk;av;pm;
xdkufonfh yk*dKvfwOD;jzpfonf/ zcifwOD;\ arwm-rdom;pkudk OD;aqmifrIrsm;udk
&Sif;vif;pGmawGY&Sd&onf/
a,mb 1;5 yGJcHaomaeY&ufvGefaomtcg? a,mbonf olwdkYudkac:

oefY&Sif;apNyD;vQif
eHeufapmapmx
olwdkYta&twGuftwdkif;
rD;IdYaom,Zfudk
ylaZmfavh&Sd\/
taMumif;rlum;?
ighom;wdkYonf
rSm;,Gif;
pdwfESvHk;xJ
bk&m;ocifudk
pGefYy,fMuNyDavm[k
a,mbatmufarhawmfrl\/ xkdokdY a,mb onf tpOfjyKNrJ&Sd\/
a,mbonfrdom;pkudkqHk;HI;cJh&onf/
usef;rma&;vnf;
atmifjrifrIudk vlod&SifMum; xkwfaz:aMujim EkdifcJhonf/
xdcdkufcJh&aomfvnf;
a,mb19;23-26ighpum;udk,cka&;rSwfygapaom/pm&if;oGif;xm;ygap
aom/ cJjym;ay:rSm unpfESifh tu&mwifvsuf? ausmufpmxdk;vsuf
NrJygapaom/ ighudka&G;Eiwfaom ocifonf touf&Sif? aemifumv
ajrrIefYtay:rSm
ay:vmawmfrlrnf[lif;?
ighta&ukefN yD;rS
udk,fudkyif zsufqD; aomfvnf;? igonfukd,fcEm bk&m;ocifudk
jrifrnf[lif; igod\/
tmjA[HESihfZuf
tmjA[Honfav;pm;xdkufonfhaemufyk*dKvfwOD;jzpfonf/ bk&m;ocifonfvlom;rsm;
twGufxm0&y#dnmOfjyK&efESihfoa&vvlrsdK;udk wnfaxmif&efolYudk OkjynfrS
ac:xkwfcJhonf/
ZufonftmjA[H\*wdawmfESihf,SOfaomom;jzpfonf/ Zuf[laom emrnf\
t"dyg,fonf ]]&,farmaomolwOD;}} jzpfonf/ olarG;zGm;jcif;u tmjA[HESihf pm&mwkdY
twGufaysmf&Tif&,farmjcif;udko,faqmifvmonf/
Zuf{aomESihf,mukyf[l om;ESpfOD;&Sdonf/ {aomonfom;BuD;jzpfaomfvnf;
om;OD;t&mudk,mukyftm;a&mif;cJhonf/usrf;pmuom;OD;t&mudkrxDrJhjrifjyKonf[k
ajymaomfvnf; tu,fpifppf{aomonf avmut&mudk om;OD;t&m\tcGifhxl;ESihf
rdom;pkacgif;aqmift&mwdkYxufomtav;ay;cJhjcif;jzpfonf/
,mukyf(oa&v)
,mukyfonfZuf\om;i,fjzpfNyD; vdrn
f mvSnfhpm;wwfaomfvnf; zGm;puyif
*wdawmfudk&&Sdonftwkdif; *wdawmfvrf; aMumif;ay:&Sdaeonf/ b0ponfESihf
vdrfnmaomolwOD;jzpfcJhaomfvnf;bk&m;ocifESihfawGYonfESihfolYtoufwmajymif;vJ
oGm;onf/ bk&m;ocifuvnf; olYuJhodkYtkyfpdk;ol[k t"dyg,f&aom oa&v
21
[lemrnfajymif;ay;vdkufonf/ oa&v om;q,fhESpfOD;&Sdum xdkom;rsm;onf
oa&vvlrsdK; tEG,fjzpfvmcJhonf/
a,moyf
a,moyffonf oa&v\tcspfqHk;om;jzpfonf/ tvdkvdkufcH&qHk;vnf;jzpfonf/
ol\tpfudkrsm;uolYudkremvdkjzpfNyD; uReftjzpfa&mif;pm;vdkufonf/ uRefb0
rSm;,Gif;pGm pGwfpGJcH&um axmifoGif;tusOf;csxm;jcif;cH&onf/ odkYaomf bk&m;ocif
csD;ajrmufaomtm;jzihf zma&mbk&ifNyD; 'kwd,bk&ift&mudk&onf/ a,moyfonff
a&mufonfhae&m atmifjrifrI&onf/
a,moyfonfolYtar? olYnDtpfudkrsm;ESihfjyefvnfawGYqHknDGwfMuNyD; olwdkYrdom;pk
(7-OD;)onf tJ*kwKodkY av;pm;cH&onfh tajctaejzihfajymif;a&TUvmMuonf/ odkYaomf
umv Mumjrihfvmaomtcg tajctaeajymif;vJoGm;onf/
xGufajrmuf&m 1;6-9 a,moyfESifh tudkrsm;rSp? xdkumv trsdK;om;

taygif;wdkYonf
aoMuukef\/
oa&vtrsdK ;om;wdkYonf
om;udkzGm;tvGef wdk;yGg;rsm;jym;ojzifh? tvGeftm;BuD; wjynfvHk;
ESHjym;Muav\/
xdkaemufrS
tJ*kwKjynf
a,moyfudk
rodaom&Sifbk&iftopfay:vm\/ xdk&Sifbk&if uvnf;? oa&v
trsdK;om;wdkYonf igwdkYxufom rsm;Mu\ ? om tm;BuD;Mu\/
tJ*kwKrSoa&vvlrsdK;umv
(1840 rS 1440 B.C)
bk&m;ocifonf oa&vlrsdK;rsm;udkaumif;BuD;ay; vlOD;a&wdk;yGm;vmavom

nif;qJcH&avjzpfvmonf/
xGufajrmuf &m 1;12-14 okdYaomfvnf;

ESdyfpufjcif;udk
cH&onf
twdkif;? wkd;yGg;rsm;jym;vsuf&SdMu\/ olwdkYaMumifh tJ*kwKvlwdkYonf
pdwfnpf? tvGefMurf;wrf;pGmSif;qJM u\/ o&GwfESifhtkwfvkyfaomtrI?
v,fvkyfaom trI trsdK;rsdK; cJ,Of;pGm apckdif; tvGefqif;&J
yifyef;apMu\/ apckdif;av &m&mvnf; cJ,Of;pGmapckdif;Mu\/
arma&S
oa&vlrsdK;rsm;rwdk;yGm;vm&ef zma&mbk&ifu oa&vuav;rsm;arG;vmonfESihf
jrpfxJodkYvTihfjypfckdif;onf/ arma&S arG;zGm;vmaomtcg olYrdcifuolYudkzGufxm;onf/
odkYaomfumvMumMumrzGufxm;Ekdifjcif;awmif;udka&vHkatmifvkyfum
arma&Sudk
xnfh jrpfxJodkYarQmvdkufavonf/ bk&m;ocif\vufawmfonf arma&Sudk rp
aomaMumifh zma&mbk&if\orD;u arma&SudkawGU oGm;NyD;arG;pm; arma&S\
rdcif&if;udkyifarm&S\txdef;tjzpfiSm;avonf/ arma&Sonf zma&mbk&ifhorD;\
om;tjzpf csD;ajrmufjcif; cH&onf/ touf 40 jynfhaomtcg a[jAJuRefwOD;udk
dkufaeaom tD*spfvlwOD;udk owfvdkufaomaMumifh olYvlrsdK;rsm;\ t"rvkyfjcif;
cH&um
toufab;twGufxGufajy;cJh&onf/
arma&Sonfrd'seft&yfaeum
ESpfaygif; 40 wkdifodk;xdef;ausmif;cJhonf/
22
waeYwGifrD;avmifaeaomfvnf;ruRrf;onfhjcHKwckudkppfaq;&mrSbk&m;ocifu pum;
ajymcJhonf/ olYvlrsdK;awmfudk tJ*kwK jynfrSu,fEkwf&efolYudkac:cJhonf/
ab;'Pf 10 ck
bk&m;ocifonfarma&SudkapvTwfNyD;
olYvlrsdK;rsm;udkvTwf&ef
zma&mbk&ifudk
ajymaomfvnf; oljiif;y,fonf/ (arma&Si,fpOf u zma&mbk&ifonf aoqHk;
oGm;NyDjzpfonf/) bk&m;ocifutJ*kwKvlrsdK;rsm;tay:odkY ab;'Pf 10 ckudk
usa&mufapum zma&m bk&iftm;oa&vlrsdK;rsm;udk apvTwfaponf/
olwdkYbk&m;uJhodkY udk;uG,faomEdkif;(vf)jrpfa&onf aoG;rsm;jzpfoGm;onf/
axmifaygif;rsm;pGmaomzm;rsm;ujrpfrsm;ESihf ae&mwkdif;rSmxGufay:vmonf/
ajrrIefYrsm;ujcifawGjzpfukefonf/
,if&Jrsm;jzihfjynfhap tJ*kwKjynfysufavonf/
tvGefjyif;aoma&m*gwrsdK;jzihf jrif;? jrnf;? ukvm;tkyf? odk;? EGm; &SdorQ
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cJudkufaomtemqdk;jzpfukefonf/
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ajrmufrsm;pGmaomusdKif;aumifrsm;ay:vmumopfyifrsm; jrufyifrsm; &SdorQ

wdkYudkpm;avonf/
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ajrwjyifvHk; xlyfaomarSmifrdkufonf oHk;&ufwkdifwkdifjzpfaeonf/
ab;'PfwckpDjzpfNyD;wkdif; zma&mbk&ifonf bk&m;udkemcH&ef tcGifhta&;
&onf/ odkYaomfoljiif;y,fcJhonf/
aemufqHk;ab;'PfrSm
aoap&efjzpfonf/
tJ*kwKvlrsm;ESihf
oa&vvlwdkY\om;OD;rsm;udk
bk&m;cifocifonfxdkn oa&vvlrsdK;rsm;udk txl;TefMum;csufwckay;cJhonf/

,ZfylaZmf&efodk;udkowftaoG;udk
,lumtdrfwHcg;xkyfokwfxm;&efjzpfonf/
c&D;xGuf&efjyifqifxm;NyD; xkdodk;om;udkpm;7rnf/ xdkTefMum;csufudkremcHaom
oa&v vlrsdK;rsm;\om;OD;rsm;onfvnf; tJ*kwKvlrsdK;rsm;\ om;OD;rsm;uJhodkY
ao&rnf/ t&monfyxrOD;qHk;yocgpm;aomufyGJjzpf ocifa,I? uREfkyfwdkYudk
u,fwif&efolYudk,fol,Zfaumiftaejzihf taoG;oGef;avmif;cJhaomtcg jynfhpHk
vmonf/
xGufajrmuf&m 12;13 okd;oli,f\

taoG;onf
oifwdkYae&mtdrf
oifwkdY\ vuPm oufaojzpf? xdktaoG;ukd igjrifaomtcg?
oifwdkYudk igvGefoGm;rnf/ xdkodkYtJ*kwKjynfudk igonf 'Pfcwfaomtcg?
zsufqD;jcif; ab;Oy'fonf oifwdkYudk roifhra&muf&/
23
tJ*kwKjynfrScgeefodkY
(1440 rS 1400 B.C)
yifv,feD 2 jcrf;uGJjcif;
tJ*kwKjynfodkYpwifa&muf&dcS Jhaomvl 70 onf ,cktm;BuD;aomrsm;jym;vSonfh
vlrsdK;EG,fpkBuD;jzpfaeNyD;/ tJ*kwKjynfrS om;OD;rsm;aoukefNyD;aemuf zma&mbk&ifonf
oa&vvlrsdK;rsm;udk wGef;vTwfavawmhonf/ NyD;rSpdwfajymif;oGm;NyD;xGufcGmoGm;
aom oa&vvlrsdK;rsm;aemufodkY ol\ppfwyfBuD;udkapvTwfvdkufonf/
oa&vvlrsdK;rsm;udkrSDvmaomtcg vlrsdK;awmftwGufaemufrS wdkucdkufzsufqD;rnfh
zma&mbk&if\ppfwyf? a&SUrSmyifv,f eD? ab;ESpfbufrSmawmifBuD;rsm;&Sdaeonf/
xdktcsdefrSmbk&m;ocifonf rdkCf;wdrfwkdifESihf rD;wkdifudkppfwyfBuD;ESihf oa&v
vlrsdK;rsm; Mum;xJrSmumuG,fay;xm;onf? oa&vlvrsdK;rsm;zufrS tvif;jzpf
tJ*kwKppfwyfzufrSmrlarSmifrdkufjzpfaeaponf/ NyD;rSbk&m;ocif onf yifv,feDudk
(2)jcrf;cGJay;NyD; ajcmufaoGUaomajrBuD;ay:rSm ajrmufrsm;pGmaom oa&v vlrsdK;pk
BuD;udk jzwfoef;aponf/ tJ*kwKppfwyfBuD;vdkufvmaomtcg yifv,fa&udk olwdkY
ay:odkdYvTrf;rdk;apNyD;epfjrKyfjypfvdkufonf/
ynwfawmfrsm;ay;jcif;
bk&m;ocifonf
oa&vlrsdK;rsm;udkodeawmifodkYwkdif
ac:aqmifvmonf/
odeawmifodkYa&mufaomtcg
oa&vlrsdK;
rsm;onf
olwdkYudk,fudkolwdkY
oHk;&ufoefY&Sif;apMuonf/ yxrOD;qHk;yocgyGJtNyD; tJ*kwKjynfrSolwdkYxGufvmNyD;
&uf 50 Mumaomtcg ynwfawmfrsm;udk olwdkY&&SdcJhonf/ ocifa,I
aumif;uifodkYwuf<uoGm;NyD; &uf 50 Mumaomtcg oefY&Sif;aom 0dnmOfawmf
qif;oufvmNyD;ynwfawmfrsm;udkuREfkyfwdkYESvHk;om;rsm;tay:a&;om;cJhonf/
xGuf 19;16-20
oHk;&ufajrmufaomaeY ? eHeuftcsdef awmifay:rSm
rdkCf;csKef;jcif;?
vsyfjyufjcif; ESifhwuG
rdkCf;wdrfwdkuf
vTrf;rdk;
BuD;aomtoHESifh wHydk;jrnfojzifh ? wyf&Sdaom vltaygif;wdkYonf
wkefvIyfMu\/
arma&S
onfvnf;
bk&m;ocifESifhawGUjcif;iSg?
vlrsm;wdkYudkwyfxJu aqmifcJhojzifh? olwdkYonf awmifajc&if;atmuf
&yfaeMu\/ xm0&bk&m;onf rD;jzifh vTrf;rdk;vsuf? odemawmifay:okdY
qif;ouf
awmfrlaomaMumifh?
wawmifvHk;
rD;ckd;xGufav\/
rD;cdk;onfvnf;? rD;zdk\ rD;cdk;uJhokdYwuf wawmifvHk; jyif; pGm vIyfav\/
wHydk;jrnfoHonf
MumMumjrnfvsuf?
toHwdk;
BuD;aomtcg?
arma&Sonf
ac:?
bk&m;ocifonf
pum;oHESifhxl;awmfrl\/
xm0&bk&m; onfvnf; odemawmifxdyfay:okdY qif;ouf? arma&Sudk
awmifxdyfay:okdY ac:awmfrlvQif? arma&Sonf wufav\/
a&TEGm;kyf
arma&Sonfbk&m;ocifESihfpum;ajymaeaomtcsdefwGif atmufrSm&Sdaomvlrsm;onf
tHhMozG,f&mvQyfppfjyufjcif;? rdk;csKef; jcif;ponfwdkYudkjrif&onf/ bk&m;ocifonf
24
arma&Sudkynwfcsufrsm;ay;NyD;aemuf wJawmfESihfywfouf ajymqdkaecsdefwGif
atmufrSm &Sdaomvlrsm;onf tmkef\tultnDjzihf a&TEGm;oli,fkyfudkvkyf
udk;uG,fMuavonf/ xdkolrsm;udkbk&m;ocifzsufqD; arma&Sudk vlrsdK;BuD; topf
wzefjzpfaprnf[k bk&m;ocifajymaomfvnf; olYvlrsdK;twGuf arma&S Mum;cH
awmif;yefcJhonf/ bk&m;ocifuvnf; cGihfvTwfcJhonf/
cgeefjynfe,fpyfodkY oa&vvlrsdK;rsm;a&muf&SdvmcJhaomfvnf; bk&m;ocifudk
,HkMunftm;udk;rIr&SdaomaMumifh aemufrsdK;qufopf ay:aygufvmonftxdESpfaygif;
40 wkdif awmxJvSnfhvnfae&onf/
w&m;olBuD;tkyfpdk;aomumv
(*wdawmfe,fajrxJodkY0ifa&mufjcif; 1400 rS 1051 B.C)
arma&SaoqHk;NyD;aemuf bk&m;ocifudk,fwkdifol\tavmif;udk a[m&yfawmif

oN*K[fawmfrl\/ ol\ocsKif;udkrnfolrQ rod/ a,mIOD;aqmifaom oa&v
trsdK;om;taygif;wdkYonf cgeefjynfe,fpyfodkYwzefa&muf&Sdvmonf/ wBudrfwGif
a,mf'efjrpfudk tHhMozG,f&mjzwful;NyD; a,&dacgNrdKUudkvnf; tHhMozG,f&m wdkufcdkuf
atmifjrifonf/ xdkrSpcgeefjynfudkwqihfNyD;wqihfwdkufcdkufodrf;ydkuf Muavonf/
wdkufcfdkufodrf;ydkufaexkdifMuyHkrSm oa&vvlrsdK;rsm;tvdkuf e,fajr ydkif;jcm; jzpf
onf/ (av0dtrsdK;ryg)
oa&vEdkifiHonfywf0ef;usifEdkifiHrsm;ESihfrwljcm;em;rI&Sdonf/ ywf0ef;usif EkdifiH
rsm; vlom;bk&if&Sdonf/ oa&vEdkifiH rl bk&m;ocif udk,fwkdifbk&ifjzpfonf/
a,mIOD;aqmifcJNyD;aemufbk&m;ocifcefYxm;aomw&m;olBuD;rsm;u tpOftquf
qufvuf tkyfcsKyfcJhonf/ xkdolrsm;rSm
MooHa,v- yxrOD;qHk;w&m;olBuD;
a'aAg&-rdef;rw&m;olBuD; *da'gif-&J0Hhaomol
a,zo?
&SefqHk-oefpGrf;ol
{vd?
&SarGv-aemufqkH;w&m;olBuD; ponfwdkYjzpfonf/
oa&vEkdifiHxlaxmifjcif;
(1051 rS 931 B.C)
vlrsm;ubk&ifudkawmif;qdkonf
oa&vtrsdK;om;rsm;onf
&SarGvtoufBuD;vmaomtcg
bk&m;ocif\
tkyfpdk;rIudk qefYusif bk&ifudkawmif;qdkonf/ bk&m;ocifuvnf; olwdkYtvdk
qEudkjynfhpHkaponf/ odkYaomfol\owday;oHudkem;axmifyg/
25
1&m8;7 xm0&bk&m;uvnf;oihftm;vlrsm;wdkYajymqdkorQaompum;udk
em;axmifavmh/ olwdkYonfoifudkomry,f?igonfolwdkYudkrtkyfp dk;apjcif;
iSmighudkvnf; y,fMuNyD/
1&m8;1118 odkY&mwGifowday;olwdkYudktkyfpdk;aom&Sifbk&if\xHk;pHudk
jyavmh[krdefYawmfrl\/oifwdkY udktkyfpdk;aom&Sifbk&if\xHk; pH[lrlum;oifwdkY
om;rsm;udk ,l rdrd&xm;xdef;? jrif;xdef;t&mcefYxm; tcsdKUwdkY
onfvnf; ol\&xm; a&SUrSmajy;&Murnf/ vlwaxmiftkyf? w&mtkyf?
ig;q,ftkyf? wq,ftkyft&m cefYxm;? v,fvkyfjcif;? pyg;&dwf jcif;
ppfwdkufwefqm? &xm;wefqmudk vkyfjcif;trIrsm;udka0zefvdrfhrnf/
oifwdkYorD;rsm;udkvnf;,l cJbG,fpm;bG,f wdkYudkjyifqifapjcif;iSm4if;?
pm;awmfuJ? rkefYonfjzpfjcif;iSm4if;? cefYxm;vdrfhrnf/ oifwdkYv,fuGuf?
pyspfO,smOf?
oHvGifO,smOf
taumif;qHk;
wdkYudk,l
rdrduRefwdkYtm;ay;vdrfhrnf/ oifwdkYrsdK;aph pyspfoD;? q,fbdkYwbdkY [l
ol\
t&m&Sd?trIxrf;wdkYtm;ay;vdrfhrnf/
oifwdkYuRef?
uRefr?
taumif;qHk;aom
vkvif?
jrnf;rsm;udk,l
ol\trIudkvkyfudkifapvdrfhrnf/ oifwdk Yodk;pk q,fbdkY wbdkYudkvnf;,l
oifwdkYonfol\uRef cH&Murnf/ oifwdkY a&G;,laom&Sifbk&if aMumifh
xdkaeY oifwdkYatmf[pfaomfvnf; xm0&bk&m;onfem;axmifawmfrrl
[k owday;av\/
'Drdkua&pD -
vlom;wkdif;\&ydkifcGihfudkOD;pm;ay;onfhtkyfcsKyfa&;pHepf/
rdkemcsD
bk&iftkyfpdk;onfhpHepf
oDtdkua&pD - vlwOD;pDtay:rSmbk&m;ociftkyfpdk;onfhpHepf
(tjrJwrf;pdwfoufom&m&aponf/)
a&Smvk
a&Smvkonfbk&m;ocif\bdodwfay;jcif;cH&onf/ olonfESdrfhcsrI&Sdonf/ olYvlrsm;udk
Muifemonf/ rdrdudk,fudk rdrdxdef;odrf;onf/odkYaomfbk&ifjzpfNyD;rMumrSDrmeaxmifvTm;
vmNyD;emcHrIr&Sdawmhay/ aemufqHk;bk&m;ocifu &SarGvudk ajymonf-
1 "r 15;10?11
igonfa&Sm vkudk&Sifb k&ifft&mcefYxm;onfh trI
aMumifh aemifw&\/ olonfig\ynwfwdkYudkrusihf? ighaemuf odkYrvdkuf?
vrf;vGJNyD
[k
rdefYawmfrl\/
&SarGvonf
0rf;enf;
wnOfhvHk;xm0&bk&m;tm; atmf[pf av\/
&SarGvonf a&Smvkudkowday;aomfvnf; a&Smvkem;raxmif/ xdkYaMumifh bk&m;ocif
onf &SarGvtm; aemufxyfbk&ifwOD;udk bdodwfay;&efckdif;aponf/
26
'g0d'f
'g0d'fonf oa&vEkdifiH\ 'kwd,bk&ifjzpfonf/ olYvufxufwGif oa&v
EkdifiHonf tiftm;tawmifhwif;qHk; ESihf tBuD;rm;qHk;e,fajrtus,fjyefYqHk;jzpfonf/
bk&m;ocifonf 'g0d'fudk rdrdpdwfawmfESihfawGYaomol [k rSwfwrf;wifonf/
1&m 13;14c xdkolonf

vlrsdK;awmftay:rSm
rif;jzpfapjcif;iSg
xm0&bk&m; cefYxm;awmfrlNyD/ taMumif;rlum;? oifonf xm0&bk&m;
rSmxm;awmfrlonf twdkif;rusifh [k a&Smvktm;qkdNyD;vQif?
'g0d'fonfppfol&J? bk&if? ya&mzuf? qmvHq&mjzpfonf/ Adrmefawmf aqmufvkyf&ef
tpDtpOfudkvnf; olYudkbk&m;ocifaz:jyonf/'g0d'fonf qmvHoDcsif;rsm;pGm a&;pyf
cJhNyD;csD;rGrf;udk;uG,fenf;udkol\vlrsm;tm;oGefoifjyocJhonf/'g0d'ftm;enf;rIESpfck&Sd
onf/ rdef;rudpESihfolYteD;rSm&Sdaomolrsm;udk oGefoif&efysufuGufcJhrIwdkYjzpfonf/ol\
tkyfpdk;rIaemufydkif;ESprf sm;wGif EkdifiHawmftmPmudk olYxHrSvk,l&efBudK;yrf;Muonfh
olYom;rsm;\ ykefuefrIay:aygufvmonf/
a&Smvrkef
a&SmvrkefonfrsufESmom&rIBuD;pGmjzihfol\tkyfpdk;rIudk tpjyKcJhonf/ olonf 'g0d'f\
aumif;BuD;r*FvmESihf twl bk&iftjzpfbdodwfjcif;udkcH&onf/olzcif\ "etiftm;
rsm;pGmudkvufcH&&SdcJhonf/ wkdif;oljynfom;rsm;u olYudkcspf olYxHrS rsm;pGmarQmfvihfcJh
onf/ a&Smvrkef\tBuD;rm;qHk;qErSmOmPfynmESihftkyfcsKyfEdkif&ef jzpfonf/ olonf
bk&m;ocifxHrSwkEdkif;r&aomOmPfynmudk&&SdcJhaMumif;ola&;om;cJhaomokwH?a&Smv
rkef oDcsif;? a'oemusrf;wdkYtm;jzihfod&onf/ olonf bk&m;ocif\BuD;jrwfaom
AdrmefawmfudkwnfaqmufcJhonf/ odkYaomfa&Smvrkefonfvnf; aoG;om; wyfrufrI
aemufodkYvdkuf cJhonf/ rw&m;aomarxkeftrI NydKvJcJhonf/ olrdef;r (700)ESihf
armif;r ]]300}}&Sdonf/ ol\aemifw&rIonf a'oemusrf;tm;jzihfxif&Sm;cJhonf/
EdkifiHuGJjym;jcif;-zrf;qD;cH&jcif;
(931 rS 586 B.C)
a&SmvrkefaoqHk;NyD; a&maAmifbk&ifjzpfvmonf/ jynfolvlxku tcGefavsmhay;&ef

olYudkawmif;qdkonf/ a&maAmifonftouf BuD;olrsm;ESifhwkdifyifaomtcg touf
BuD;olrsm;u arwmjy&ef olwdkpdwfoufom&m&&ef aumif;aompum;udk jyefajym&ef
tMuHay;onf/ uJhodkYjyKrlygu jynfoljynfom;rsm;urdrdwdkYqEtavsmuf bk&ifudk
tapcHMuvdrfhrnf/ wzefolYoli,fcsif;vli,frsm;ESihfwkdifyifaomtcgatmufygtwkdif;
tMuHay;Muonf/
3&m2;11ihgvufoef;onfighcrnf;awmfcg;xufomBuD;vdrfhrnf/ighcrnf;
awmf onf oifwdkYtay:rSm av;aomxrf;bdk; udkwifavNyD/ igonfvnf;
xyf wifOD;rnf/ ighcrnf;awmfonf oifwdkYud kBudrfvHk;ESihf dkufavNyD?
igonfvnf; uif;NrD;aumufESihfdkufOD;rnf[k jyefajymawmfrlyg [k
avQmufxm;Mu\/
27
vli,foli,fcsif;rsm;tMuHay;rItwkdif;trdefYxkwfjyefaomaMumifhawmifydkif;rSvlrsm;u
ykefuefx<uMuonf/ xkdodkYjzihf oa&vEkdifiHESpfjcrf;uGJoGm;onf/
ajrmufydkif;EdkifiH-oa&vEdkifiH
ajrmufydkif;EkdifiHwGif vlrsdK;pk 10 ckyg0ifonf/ bk&if 19 OD;&SdcJo
h nf/ wOD;rS raumif;
acs? tm[yfonf{vd,tcsdefumv tifrwefrSqdk;0g;aombk&ifjzpfcJhNyD; olYrdef;rrSm
a,ZaAvjzpfonf/ ,a[m&H? a,[k? a,mcwf? ,a[m&SwdkYonf {vd, vufxuf
qdk;aombk&ifrsm;jzpfonf/ajrmufydkif;EdkifiHay:xGef;cJhaomya&mzufrsm;rSma[ma&S?
tmrkwf? {vd,? {vd&SJ? a,mewdkYjzpfMuonf/ bk&if(17)OD;\qdk;0g;aomtjypfrsm;udk
ormusrf;pmazmfjyxm;onf/ aemufqHk;wGif olwdkY\ tjypfrsm; tvGefBuD;rm;vm
aomaMumifh bk&m;ocifonfolwdkYudkuRefjzpfapcJhonf/
awmifydkif;EkdifiH-,k'EdkifiH
awmifydkif;EkdifiHonf vlrsdK;(2)rsdK;jzihfzGJYpnf;xm;onf/bk&iftyg;(20)&SdcJhNyD;aumif;aom
bk&if(8)yg;ay:aygufcJhonf/ xdkaumif;rGefaombk&ifrsm;aMumifh ,k'EdkifiH oufwrf;
&SnfcJhonf/ a,m&Szufonfaumif;rGefaombk&ifwyg;jzpfNyD; 0wfjyKudk;uG,frIrsm;udk
jyefvnfjyKjyifonf/ a,m&S? a[Zwd wdkYonfvnf; aumif;aom bk&ifrsm;jzpfonf/
,k'EdkifiH\ya&mzufrsm;rSm rdum? [AuKwf? a,mv? a,&rd? MoA'd? a[&Sm,?
em[Hk? aZzedwdkYjzpfonf/ a,&rdjrnfwrf;pum;onf,k'EkdifiHNydKvJrIaMumifhjzpfay:vm
aom ylaqG;0rf;enf;rIrsm;udkaz:jyonf/
a,&rdjrnfwrf;5;21 tdkxm0&bk&m;?tuREkfyfwdkYudkt xHawmfokdYvSnfhap

awmfrlyg/okdYjyKvQif?tuREkfyfwdkYonf jyefvmMuygrnf/ a&S;umvuJhokdY
tuREkfyf wdkY umvudk topfjyKjyifawmfrlyg/
AmAkvkef\uRefjzpfjcif;
(605 rS 535 B.C)
"ra[mif;usrf;udkavhvm&m
uRefwdkYpdwfoufom&m&aponfhtaMumif;wckrSm
bk&m;ocifuEdkifiHrsm;udkcsKyfudkifxm;jcif; jzpfonf/ EkdifiHrsm;onf pGrf;tm;ESihf
Edk;xvmNyD;
bk&m;ocifudkremcHbJtjcm;bk&m;rsm;udk
udk;uG,faomaMumifh
usqif;oGm;Muonf/ aemufqHk;olwdkYwzufrSAmAkvkefEkdifiHudk tiftm;BuD;rm;apNyD;
uRefjyKapcJhonf/
a,&rd40;2-3
ukd,f&HawmfrIK;onfolYu dkac:?oif\bk&m;ocifxm0&
bk&m;onf jynf a&mufaomtrIudkNcdrf;awmfrlESifhNyD/Ncdrf;awmfrlonf
twdkif; vnf; trIudka&mufap pD&ifawmfrlNyD/ oifwkdYonf
trdefYawmfudk em;raxmif? x0&bk&m;udk jypfrSm;aomaMumifh? trIonf
oifwkdYtay:okdYa&mufavNyD/
aeAkc'faeZm
,k'vlrsdK;rsm;wBudrfwnf;ESihfuRefjzpfomG ;onfr[kwf? 'Ha,v? &S'&uf? ar&Suf?
taA'aea*gwdkYonf
yxrtokwfrSmygNyD;
aemufydkif;t&m&Sdrsm;jzpfukefonf/
28
aeAkc'faeZmonf AmAkvkef&Sifbk&ifjzpfNyD;
wdkYudkrD;xJcsjypfoljzpfonf/
&S'&uf?
ar&Suf?
taA'aea*g
aeAkc'faeZm\rme
'Ha,v 4;30 NrdKUum;?ihgEdkifiHwnf&m igha&T bkef;awmfudkcsD;ajrmuf&mbdkY?
ighwefcdk;tmEkabmftm;jzihf igwnfvkyfaomAmAkvkefNrdKUBuD; r[kwfavm
[k
>rwfqdk\/
'Ha,v\BudKwifajymxm;jcif;
'Ha,v 4;25
udk,fawmfukdvlpkxJuESifxkwfajr? wd&pmefwdkYESihf
twl ae&mcsMuvdrfhrnf/ tjrihfqHk; aombk&m;onf avmuDEkdifiHudk
tkyfpdk; ay;vdk aomoltm;ay;awmfrlonfudk udk,fawmfrodrrSwfrDS
umv?
ckESpfESpfywfvHk;
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rdk;pGwfj cif;udk
cHvsufae&rnf/
xkduJhodkYajymcJhonfhtwkdif;aeAkc'faeZmtu,fjzpfcJhonf/
'Ha,v4;37 ,ckwGifigaeAkc'faeZmonf aumif;uifbHk\ t&Sif bk&m;

ocifudk csD;rGrf;axmyemjyK\/ pD&ifzefqif;awmfrlorQaom t&mwdkYonf
opmESihfjynhfpHk w&m;ESihfnDavsmfMu\/ rmeaxmifvTm;aomolwdkYudk
ESdrfhcsjcif;iSm wwfEkdifrl\ [k trdefYa wmfudkt&yf&yfodkYjyefYapawmfrl\/
aAv&SZm
aeAkc'faeZm\ajr;jzpfonf/ AmAkvkef\aemufqHk;bk&ifjzpfNyD; BuD;pGmaom pm;aomuf
yGJudk cHonf/ a,k&Svif AdrmefawmfxJrSa&TcGufaiGrsm;udkoHk;vlwpfaxmifyg0ifonfh
pm;aomufyGJcHaepOfvlYvufay:vmNyD;eH&HrSmpma&;aomtcgxdkpmudk'Ha,vubmom
jyefay;onf/
oa&vonf AmAkvkefuRefjzpfouJhodkY AmAkvkefonfvnf;yg;&Sm;\uRefjyefjzpfonf/
yg;&Sm;onf,cktD&wfjzpfonf/
'Ha,v 5;26-28?31 arae\teuft"dyg,f um;? udk,fawmf\ EkdifiHudk

bk&m;ocifa&wGuf qHk;apawmfrl\/ awuv\ teuft"dyg,fum;?
ukd,fawmfudk csdefcGifESifh csdef avsmhaMumif;udk odjrifawmfrl\ az&uf\
teuf t"dyg,f um;? EkdifiHawmfudk cGJa0 ar'dvl? ay&odvlwdkYtm;
tyfay; awmfrlrnf[k 'Ha,vonf txHawmf jyefMum;avQmufxm;\/
ar'dtrsdK; 'g&drif;onf toufajcmufq,fESpfESpfwGif EkdifiHawmfudk odrf;,lawmfrl\/
ukk
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atmifjrif oa&v vlrsdK;rsm;udkuReftjzpfrSvGwfaponf/ olrarG;rSDESpfaygif;
200 uwnf;ua[&S,\BudKwifya&mzufjyKcsuf&Sdxm;onf/
29
a[&Sm, 44;24u?28
oifhudka&G;EIwfawmfrl? bGm;puyif oifhudk
jyKjyifawmfrlaom xm0&bk&m;rdefY awmfrlonfum;? ukkrif; udkvnf;?
oifonfighokd;xdef;jzpf\/ightvdk&SdorQudk jynfhpHkapvsuf? a,k&SifvifNrdKU
ukdwnfaqmufap? Adrmefawmfudk wdkufjrpfusap[k pD&ifvdrfhrnf [lif;
igqdk\/
jyefvnfa&G;EkwfydkYaqmifjcif;
(535 rS 400 B.C)
oa&vvlrsdK;rsm; 3 BudrfcGJjyefvmMuonf/
yxrtBudrfrSm aZkAaAv a,mI? [*J? Zmc&dwdkYOD;aqmifMuNyD; &nf&G,fcsufrSm
Adrmefawmfjyefvnfwnfaqmuf&efjzpfonf/ 'kwd,tBudrf{Z&OD;aqmif jyefvm
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jyefvnf&&Sd &efjzpfonf/wwd,tBudrfae[rdOD;aqmifjyefvmonf/&nf&G,fcsufrSm
a,k&SvifNrdKUdk;jyefvnfwnfaqmuf&efjzpfonf/ a&;csdef twdtusrod&aomfvnf;
rmvcdonf"ra[mif;\aemufqHk;usrf;jzpfonf/
rmvcd 4;2u ig\emrawmfudk aMumuf&GHUaom oifwdkYum;? w&m;awmf

aerif;onf temaysmufapaom tawmifwdkYESifhay:xGef;awmfrlrnf/
1/ oifcef;pmwGifyg0ifaom "ra[mif;umv\ acwftykdif;tjcm; 9 ckrSm tb,fenf;/
2/ oa&v vlrsdK;rsm;onf tjcm;Ekdiif Hrsm;uJhokdY vl bk&ifukdawmif;qkdonfhtcg bk&m;ocif rnfokdYowday;cJh

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tb,fenf;ormw&m;ESifhywfowfaomusrf;pmrSOyrmrsm;ukdaz:jyyg/
30
bk&m;ocif\y#dnmOfom;orD;rsm;
oifcef;pm (3)
ed'gef;
urmavmuBuD;udkbk&m;ocifzefqif;NyD;aemuf vlom;rsdK;EG,fudkzefqif;&ef bk&m;
ocif pDpOfonf/ t&mcyfodrf;udk oduRrf; Ekdifaomol\ OmPfjzihf tm'HESihf {0
tjypfjyKvkyfrnfudk od&Sdonf/ xdkYaMumifhu,fwif&Sif<uvmrnfhtaMumif; pDpOf
csrSwfonf/bk&m;ocifonf
y#dnmOfjyKvkyfonf
y#dnmOfudkapmifha&Smufonf
y#dnmOfudkazmfjyonf
xdktaMumif;ESihfywfouf arma&Saz:jyxm;onf/
w&m;a[m 7;9
okdYjzpf
oif\bk&m;ocifxm0&bk&m;onf
rSefaombk&m;?
opmapmifhaombk&m;?
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taxmiftaomif;wdkifatmif
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xdk0dnmOfonf,ckwkdiftusdK;oufa&mufrI &SdNyD; uREfkyfwdkYESihfoufqkdifonf/
y#dnmOf\teuft"dyg,fzGihfqdkcsuf
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jyKvkyf
xm;jcif;udkac:onf/ vlYudk,fpm;bk&m;ocif uwm0ef,lBudKwifjyKvkyfonf/
wdk;wufrI&Sdatmifaz:jyonf/
y#dnmOfESpfrsdK;
ajymif;vJjcif;r&Sdaomy#dnmOf (tajctaeay:rrlwnf)
ajymif;vJjcif;r&Sdaomy#dnmOf\tusdK;udk,HkMunfjcif;(emcHjcif;)wckwnf;jzihfom&Edkif
onf/ (jiif;y,frvm;? a&G;cs,frvm;)
ajymif;vJjcif;&Sdaomy#dnmOf (tajctaeay:rlwnf)
ajymif;vJjcif;&Sdaomy#dnmOf\tusdK;udk,HkMunfjcif;&dSonftwkdif;vufawGUemcHvdkufa
vQmufjcif;jzihf&&Sdonf/ (emcHjcif;- remcHjcif;tay:rlwnfajymif;vJay;onf/)
31
xm0&y#dnmOf (ajymif;vJjcif;r&Sd)
y#dnmOftajccH
oHk;yg;wpfqlbk&m;\a&S;rqGuwkdifyifxm;onfh
y#dnmOfjzpfonf/
vlESihf
t&m
cyfodrf;udk zefqif;NyD; xm0&rdom;pkjzpf&efqE&Sdonf/ tm'H ESihf{0 usqif;cJhNyD;aemuf
wyg;wnf;aomom;awmfudkapvTwfumjyefvnfa&G; Ekwfu,fwifNyD;vlonfjynfhpHkaom ol
ajzmihfrwfaomoltjzpfjzihf xm0&c&pfawmf\owdkYorD;jzpfvmonf/
uREfkyfwdkYonf
(ac:,lawmfrljcif;)
a&S;uyfumvra&mufrSDa,Ic&pftm;jzihf
MuHpnfawmfrlaomaus;Zl;awmfESihftnD
t&mac:oGif;awmfrl\/
igwdkYtbdkY
igwdkYudku,fwif
udk,fawmfwkdif
oefY&Sif;aom
2 wd 1;9
bk&m;ocifonf igwdkY usifhaomtusifhudkaxmufawmfrrl/
a&S;uyfumvra&mufrSD? A,Ic&pftm;jzifh igwdkYtbdkY ukd,fawmfwdkif
BuHpnfawmfrlaom
aus;Zl;awmfESifhtnD
igwdkYudk
u,fwif?
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(a&G;EIwfjcif;)
a[jAJ13;20
xm0&y#dnmOfw&m;\ taoG;awmftm;jzihf odk;rsm;udk
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awmfrlaom Nidrfouf jcif;\ t&Sifbk&m;ocifonf rdrd ESpfouf
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oifwdkYudk jyKjyifawmfrlygapaom/
(c&pfawmfBudKwifpDpOfxm;jcif;)
a&mr8;29-30 bk&m;ocif\om;awmfonftrsm;aomnDwdkYwGifom;OD;jzpf
awmf rlrnftaMumif; bk&m;ocifonf a&S;rqGuodawmfrlaom
olwdkYudkom;awmf\ yHko@mefESihf wnDwnf;jzpfapjcif;iSm a&SUrqGu
cGJcefY
rSwfom;awmfrl\/
xdkodkYcGJcefYrSwfom;ESihfaomolwdkYudk
ac:awmfrl\/
ac:awmfrlaomolwdkYudkvnf;
ajzmifhrwf&m
wnfapawmfrl\/
xkdodkY
wnfapawmfrlaom
olwdkYudkvnf;
csD;ajrmufawmfrl\/
(tem*wfumv)
{zuf1;4 urmrwnfr&SdrSDigwdkYudkc&pfawmfa&G;aumufawmfrlonfESihf
tnDaumif; uifbHkESihfqkdifaomt&mwdkYcyfod rf; aom"rr*FvmwdkYudkc&pfa
wmf tm;jzihf igwdkYtm;ay;oem;awmfrlaomigwdkYocif a,Ic&pf\
crnf;awmf bk&m;ocifonf r*Fvm&Sdawmfrlapownf;/
32
1aum2;7
urmrwnfr&SdrSD?igwdkY\bkef; toa&jzpfapjcif;iSmbk&m;
ocif
pD&ifawmfrlaomynm?
eufeJaomt&m0Sufxm;aom
bk&m;ocif\ ynmudk igwdkYonfjyoMu\/
uREfkyfwdkY\aumif;BuD;r*Fvmrsm;
xm0&touf
uREkfyfwdkY\ txJwGif&Sdaom xm0& toufonf xm0& y#dnmOfxJwGif wpfck tyg
t0if jzpfonf/ if;onf uREkfyfwdkYtwGif;&Sdaom bk&m;ocif\ touf jzpfonf/
wdwk 1;2
rkomESifhuif;pifawmfrlaom bk&m;ocifonf?a&S;uyfumv
ra&mufrSD *wdxm;awmfrlawmfrl?
xm0&arwm
bk&m;ocif\cspfjcif;arwmudk uREkfyfwdkY vufcH&&SdEdkifonf/
a,&rd 31;3 xm0&bk&m;onf ta0;uxif&Sm; rdefYawmfrlonfum;

tu,f pifppf xm0&arwmESih f oihfudkigcspf\ /
ajzmihfrwfjcif;
'Ha,v 9;24 vGefusL;jcif; trIudkqD;wm; tjypfudk wHqdyfcwfapjcif;iSm

4if;? 'kpdkuftjypfudkajz&Sif; xm0&ukodkvfudkoGif;apjcif;iSm4if;/
2aum 5;21 tb,faMumifhenf;[lrlum;?bk&m;ocifonf
tjypfESihf
uif;pif aomoludk igwdkYtwGufaMumifh tjypf&Sdaomoljzpfapawmfrl\/
taMumif;rlum;?
igwdkYonfxdkoltm;jzihf
bk&m;ocifha&Suawmf
ajzmihfrwfaomol jzpfrnf taMumif;wnf;/
emrnf
a[&Sm, 56;5
raysmufEkdifaomxm0&emrudkolwdkYtm;igay;rnf/
EkdifiHawmf
'Ha,v 7;27 aumif;uifatmufEdkifiH ESihfwuG tmPmpuf bkef;wefcdk;

&SdorQ udk tjrihfqHk;aombk&m;\ oefY&Si f;aom trsdK;om; wdkYonf &Mu
vdrfhrnf/xdkbk&m; ocif\EkdifiHawmfonfxm0&EkdifiHjzpf\/
0rf;ajrmufjcif;
a[&Sm,51;11
odkYj zpfxm0&bk&m;u,f vTwfawmfrlaomolwdkYonf
jyefvmoDcsif;qdkvsuf xm0&0rf;ajrmufjcif;o&zludk aqmif;vsuf?
ZdtkefNrdKU odkYa&mufMuvdrfhrnf/ 0rf;ajrmuf&Tifvef;jcif;tcGihfudk&Mu
0rf;enf;jcif;ESihf nnf;wGm;jcif;onfajy;oGm;vdrfhrnf/
uREfkyfwdkY\tajctae
bk&m;ocifbufutm;vHk;aqmif&GufjyifqifcJhNyD;NyD/ uREfkyfwdkY\wHkYjyefrIudkqef;ppfyg/
33
,HkMunfjcif;
xm0&y#dnmOfudk&&SdcHpm;&efwckwnf;aomvrf;
a,m[ef 3;16
bk&m;ocif\
om;awmfudk
,HkMunfaomol
taygif;wdkYonf ysufqD;jcif;odkYra&muf/ xm0&toufudk &apjcif;iSg
bk&m;ocifonf rdrdwpfyg;wnf;aom om;awmfudk pGefYawmfrlonfhwkdif
atmif avmuDom;wdkYudk cspfawmfrl\/
emcHjcif;
xm0&y#dnmOfudkapmifha&SmuftoufwmxJtusdK;oufa&mufrI&Sdap&ef
a,m 14;15 ighudkcspfvQif? ighynwfwdkYudk apmifha&SmufMuavmh/
wHqdyfcwfjcif;
xm0&y#dnmOfudkcrnf;awmfbk&m;pDpOfom;awmfbk&m;vkyfaqmifNyD;oefY&Sif;aom
0dnmOfawmfbk&m;rS wHqdyfcwfonf/
{zuf 1;13 oifwdkYonfvnf;

u,fwifa wmfrljcif;taMumif;ESifh
,SOfaom {0Ha*vdw&m;wnf;[laom ormw&m;udk Mum;em&
xkdc&pfawmfudk ,HkMunf vufcHNyD;rS? *wdawmfESifh,SOfaom oefY&Sif;aom
0dnmOfawmf\ wHqdyfcwfjcif; udk cH&MuNyD/
{'ify#dnmOf (ajymif;vJjcif;r&Sd)
{'ifO,smOf tm'HESihf{0tm; ay;aom yxry#dnmOfjzpfNyD; emcHjcif;twGuf
aumif;BuD;ESihf remcHjcif;twGuf usdefjcif;wdkYjzpfonf/
aumif;BuD;r*Fvm
urmOD; 2;28-30
tcsif;wdkYrsm;jym;pGmarG;zGm;Muavmh/
ajrBuD;udk
jynfhapEdkifMuavmh/ yifv,fig;wdkYudk4if;? rdkCf;aumif;uifiSufwdkYudk4if;?
touf&Sif ajray:rSmvIyf&Sm;wwfaom wd&pmeftaygif;wdkYudk4if;
tkyfpdk;Muavmh[krdefYawmf rlolwkdYudkaumif; BuD;ay;awmfrl\/ bk&m;ocif
uvnf;MunfhIavmh? ajrwjyifvHk; pyg;oD;udkjzpfapaom pyg;yif
trsdK;rsdK;wdkYudk4if;?rsdK;aphudkjzpfapaom
toD;ESihf
jynfhpHkaom
opfyiftrsdK;rsdK;wdkYudk4if; oifwdkYpm;p&mbdkY igay;\ ajrom;? rdkCf;
aumif;uifiSuf? touf&Sif ajray:rSmwGm;wwfaom wd&pmefrsdK;
taygif;wdkY
pm;p&mbdkY
jrufyiftrsdK;rsdK;wdkYudk
igay;rnf[k
rdefYawmfrlonftwkdif;jzpfav\/
tajctae
urmOD;2;1617
xm0&t&Sifbk&m;ocifuvnf;aumif;raumif; udk
oduRrf;&m tyifrS wyg; xdkO,smOf &SdorQaom tyifwdkY\ toD;udk
34
oifonfpm;&aomtcGihf &Sd\/ xdktyif\toD ;udkum;rpm;&? pm;aom

aeYwGif{ueftrSefao&rnf[kvludk ynwfxm;awmfrl\/
y#dnmOfudkcsdK;zsufjcif;
urmOD; 3;6 xdktyifonfpm;bG,faumif;jcif;?
tqif;vnf;vSjcif;?
ynm wdk;yGm;apvdkaomiSm ESpfoufb G,faomtyifjzpfjcif;udk rdef; r
onfjrifvQif
toD;udk,lpm;\
rdrdcifyGef;tm;vnf;ay;
olonfvnf;pm;\/
pmweftay:usdefjcif;
urmOD;3;14-15 oifonftrIudkjyKaomaMumifhom;,Of?om;&Jtaygif;
wdkYxufusdefj cif;udkcH&\/ oifonf0rf;jzihfoGm; ajrrIefYudkwoufvHk;
pm;&rnf/oifESihfrdef;rudk4if;? oif\trsdK;tEG,fESihf rdef;r\ trsdK;
tEG,fudk4if; igonf&efNidK;zGJUaprnf/ olonfoif\acgif;udk Buddwfvdrfh
rnf/ oifonfol\ zaemifhudkBud wfvdrfhrnf[krdefYawmfrl\/
{0tay:usdefjcif;
urmOD; 3;16 rdef;rudkvnf;oifudk,f0 efaqmifjcif;a0'emudk igtvGef
rsm;jym; aprnf/ yifyef;pGma0'emudkcH om;bGm;&rnf/ udk,fcifyGef;\
tvdkodkYvdkuf ol\tkyfpdk;jcif;udkvnf; cH&rnf[krdefYawmfrl\/
tm'HESihfajrBuD;tay:usdefjcif;
urmOD;3;17-18
ajronfoif\twGufusdefjcif;udkcHvsuf&Sd\/ajr\
toD;udkwoufywfvHk; yifyef;pGmpm;&rnf/ql;yiftrsdK;rsdK;wdkYudkvnf;oihft
zdkYajrayguf aprnf/ v,fjzpfaom [if; oD;[if;&GufwdkYudk oifpm;&rnf/
oifxGuf&majrodkY rjyefrSDwkdifatmif? oif\ rsufESmrS acR;xGufvsuf
tpmudkpm;&rnf/
aojcif;
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uREfkyfwdkYudkusdefjcif;rsm;twGufa,Ic&pfawmf
*vmwd3;13 c&pfawmfonf igwdkYtwGuf aMumifhusdefjcif;udkcH&aomol
jzpf igwdkYudkynwfw&m;\ usdefjcif;rSa&G;EkwfawmfrlNyD/
35
tm'Hy#dnmOf (ajymif;vJjcif;&Sd)
*wdawmf
urmOD; 3;15 oif\trsdK;tEG,fESihfrdef;r\trsdK;tEG,fudk4if;?
igonf
&efNidK; zGJYaprnf/ olonf oif\acgif;udk Budwfvdrfhrnf/ oifonfol\
zaemifhudk Budwfvdrfhrnf[krdefYawmfrl\/
ol\acgif;udkBudwfrnfh rdef;r\trsdK;tEG,fudk zsufqD;&ef pmwefuMuHpnfvkyfaqmif
onf/
urmOD; 6;4 xdkumv?

ajrBuD;ay:rSm
udk,fBuD;rm;aomol
tcsdKU&SdMu\/ xdkaemufvnf;? bk&m;ocif\om;wdkYonf vlorD;wdkYESifh
qufqH &aom om;wdkYonf? tm;BuD;aomol? a&S;umvrSp?
ausmfapmaomoljzpfMu\/
odkYaomf bk&m;ocif\ wzufrSmrnfonfhtMuHtpnfrQrwnfcJhyg/ bk&m;ocifu
omvQif
y#dnmOfwGifaz:jyxm;onfhtwkdif;
rdef;r\trsdK;tEG,frSu,fwif
&Sifa,Iudkay:xGef;apcJhonf/
aem{y#dnmOf (ajymif;vJjcif;r&Sd)
aumif;BuD;r*Fvm
urmOD; 9;1-3 bk&m;ocifonfvnf; aem{ESihfol\ om;rsm;udkaumif;BuD;
ay; oifwdkYonf rsm;jym;pGmarG;zGm;vsuf ajrBuD;udkjynfhapMuavmh/
ajrwd&pmef? rdk;aumif; uif iSuftp&Sdaom ajray:rSm vIyf&Sm;wwforQ
ESihf yifv,fig;taygif; wdkYonf oifwdkYa&SUrSmaMumuf&GHUwkefvIyfjcif;
oabm&Sd&Muvdrfhrnf/ xdk wd&pmef wdkYudk oifwdkYvuf igtyf\/
touf&SifvIyf&Sm;wwforQonftoD;t&GufuJh odkY
oifwdkYpm;p&mbdkY
jzpf&rnf/ cyfodrf;aomt&mwdkYu dk oifwdkY igtyfay;\/
tajctaeESpfrsdK;
taoG;rpm;&
urmOD; 9;4 okdYaomfvnf;?

tom;udk rpm;&/
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taoG;ESifhwuG
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vlvufjzifh
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bk&m;ocifonf
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36
jrif&aomvuPmoufao
urmOD; 9;12-13
xdkrSwyg;
igwbuf?
oifwdkYESi hfoifwdkYxHrS
touf&Sif orQaom wd&pmefwdkYwbuf om;ajr;tpOftqufrjywf
igjyKaom
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aem{vufxufrSp vlrsm;qdk;oGrf; tmjAH[Htm;jzihfy#dnmOfxyfjyK&onf/
urmOD;12;1-3
xm0&bk&m;onfvnf; tmjA[Hudk
ac:awmfrl
oif\jynfESihf
wuGtrsdK;om;csif;aygufabmfrsm;xJu
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cH&aomol
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awmfrl\/
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urmOD;26;3-4
oihfbufrSigaeaumif;BuD;ay;rnf/taMumif;rlum;
oifESihfoif\trsdK;tEG,ftm; kj ynf&Sd orQwdkYudkigay;rnf/ oif\tb
tmjA[Htm;
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cH&Muvdrfhrnf/
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urmOD; 28;13-14 xm0&bk&m;onfavSum;xuf
&yfawmfrlvsuf
igonf oif\tb tmjA[H\bk&m; Zuf\bk&m;wnf;[laom
xm0&bk&m; jzpf\/ oiftdyfaomajrudk oifESihfoif\ trsdK;tEG,ftm;
igay;rnf/ oif\ trsdK; tEG,fonf ajrrIefYuJhodkY rsm;jym;vdrfhrnf/
ta&SU?taemuf?awmifajrmuf?av; rsufESm t&yfwdkYodkYESYHjym;Muvdrfhrnf/
oifESihfoif\trsdK;tEG,ftm;jzihf vlrsdK; taygif;wdkYonf aumif;BuD;
r*FvmudkcH&Muvdrfhrnf/ igonfo ifhbufrSm&Sd\/
uREfkyf
*vmwd 3;14 tmjA[HcH&aomaumif;BuD;r*Fvmonf a,Ic&pftm;jzihf
wyg;trsdK;om;wdkYoufa&mufonfjzpfigwdkYonf*wdawmfESihf ,SOfaom
0dnmOfawmf udk ,HkMunfjcif;tm;jzihf cH&MurnftaMumif;wnf;/
37
*vmwd3;29 c&pfawmfESihfpyfqkdifvQiftmjA[H\trsdK;tEG,fyifjzpf*wd
awmf twkdif;tarGcH\ t&mwnfM u\/
,HkMunfjcif;? emcHjcif;tm;jzihfolwdkY&aomaumif;BuD;rsm;uREfkyfwdkY&Ekdifonf/
arma&Sy#dnmOf (ajymif;vJjcif;r&Sd)
xGufajrmuf&m3;78
xm0&bk&m;uvnf;tJ*kwKjynf&dSaomig\vlwdkY
onf cH&aomnif;qJj cif;udk igaphaphjrifcJhNyD; olwdkYudk apcdkif; aom
ocifwdkYaMumifholwdkYjrnfwrf;aomtoHudkvnf;igMum;&NyD/ olwdkYemMunf;
jcif; a0'emudkigod\/ olwdkYudktJ*kwKjynf? tJ*kwKvlwdkYvufrSu,f
EIwf
cgeedvl?
[dwdvl?
tmar&dvl?
az&Zdvl?
[d0dvl?
a,AkodvlwdkYae&m?
EdkYESihfysm;&nfpD;aom
jynfodkydkYaqmifjcif;iSm
igqif;vmNyD/
xGufajrmuf&m19;4-6 igonftJ*kwKvlwdk Y jyKaomtaMumif;? oifwdkYud k
a&Tvif;w
tawmifwdkYjzihfxrf;
udk,fbdkYodrf;,laomtaMumif;udk
oifwdkYonf odjrif&MuNyD/ xdkYaMumifh,ckw Gif oifwdkYonf ighpum;udk
trSefem;axmif ighy#dnmOfudkapmifha&SmufvQif tjcm;aomvlrsdK;wum
wdkYxufoifwdkYonf
igydkifxdkufaomb@mawmfjzpf&Muvdrfhrnf/
ajrBuD;&SdorQonfig\Opmjzpf\/ oifwdkYonfvnf; rif;pnf;pdrf&Sdaom
,Zfya&m[dwfrsdK;
oefY&Sif;aomvlrsdK;
jzpfMu&vdrfhrnf
[laom
trdefYawmfudk oa&v trsdK;om;wdkYtm; qifhqdkavm[krdefYawmfrl\/
ygavwdey#dnmOf (ajymif;vJjcif;r&Sd)
aumif;BuD;r*Fvmrsm;
w&m;a[m&m 28;3-14
w&m;a[m 28;1-2 ,aeUigqifh qdkorQaomynwfawmfwkdUudk oifonf
usifhapmifhjcif;iSg?oif\ bk&m;ocifxm0&bk&m;\pum;awmfudk aphaph
em;axmifvQif?oif\bk&m;ocifxm0&bk&m;onfvlrsKd;wumwkdUxufoifh
udk csD;ajrSmuf awmfrlrnf/ oif\bk&m;ocif xm0&bk&m;\
pum;awmfudk em;axmifvQif? oifhtay:rSmoufa&muf vwHhaom
aumif;BuD;r*Fvmrsm;[lrlum;/
usdefjcif;tr*Fvmrsm;
(w&m;a[m&m 28;16-68)
rSwfcsuf/ usdefjcif;tr*Fvmydkrsm;ae&jcif;rSm bk&m;ocifxHawmfodkY tjypfom;rsm;
a&muf&Sdvm&efESihf pmwef&SdaeaMumif;ESihfvIyf&Sm; aeaMumif;od&Sd&efjzpfygonf/
tajctae
(w&m;a[m&m 28;2? w&m;a[m&m 28;15)
38
w&m;a[m&m 28;15 ,aeYigqifhqdkaom oif\ bk&m;ocifxm0&bk&m;

pD&ifxHk;zGJYawmfrlcsuf tvHk;pHkwkdYudk usifhapmifhapjcif;iSg pum;awmfudk
em;raxmifvQif?
oifhtay:rSm
oufa&mufvwHhaom
usdefjcif;
tr*Fvmrsm;[lrlum;?
'g0d'fy#dnmOf (ajymif;vJjcif;&Sd)
oifonftoufumvaph bdk;ab;wdkYESihftwltdyfaysmfaomtcg oif\&ifaoG;?
oifrSqif;oufaomom;ukdigcsD;ajrmuf ol\EkdifiHudkwnfaxmifrnf/ xdkom;onf
ig\emrbdkYtdrfudkaqmufvdrfhrnf/ olxdkifaom&mZyvifudktpOftjrJigwnfaprnf/
2 "r 7;12-13
oifonf toufumvaph bdk;ab;wdkYESifhtwl
tdyfaysmfaomtcg
oif\
&ifaoG;?
oifrSqif;oufaomom;udk
igcsD;ajrmuf
ol\ EdkifiHudk
wnfaxmifaprnf/
xdkom;onf
ig\emrtbdkY tdrfudkaqmuf vdrhfrnf/ olxdkifaom&mZyvifudk
tpOftNrJ wnfaprnf/
&nfTef;csufESpfrsdK; (1) jrif&aomAdrmefawmf? (2) rjrif&aomAdrmefawmf
1/ ajymif;vJjcif;r&Sdaomy#dnmOf (tajctaeay:rrlwnf) ESifh ajymif;vJjcif;&Sdaom y#dnmOf (tajctaeay:
rlwnf) wkdY\jcm;em;rIukdaz:jyyg/
2/ oifcef;pmaqG;aEG;cJhaom y#dnmOfwkdYukdaz:jyyg/
3/ ,aeY xkdy#dnmOfwkdYonf oiftwGuftb,faMumifh ta&;BuD;aMumif;az:jyyg/
39
azmfjyjcif;
urmOD; 3;15
urmOD; 12;3
urmOD; 17;19
urmOD; 49-10
awmvnf&m 24;17
1&m 2;10
a[&Sm, 9;7
qmvH 45-6-7
rdum 5;2
a[&Sm, 7;14
a,&rd 31;15
a[ma&S 11;1
rmvcd 3;1
qmvH 2;7
a[&Sm, 9;1-2
a[&Sm, 11;2
qmvH 78;2-4
w&m;a[m 18;15
a[&Sm, 61;1-2
a[&Sm, 53;3
qmvH 110;4
Zmc&d 9;9
'Ha,v 9;25
qmvH 8;2
a[&Sm, 53;1
qmvH 41;9
Zmc&d 11;12
Zmc&d 11;13
qmvH 109;7-8
qmvH 22;7-8
qmvH 35;11
a[&Sm, 53;7
a[&Sm, 50;6
qmvH 35;19
qmvH 69;4
a[&Sm, 53;5
a[&Sm, 53;12
Zmc&d 12;10
qmvH 22;7-8
qmvH 69;9
qmvH 109;4
qmvH 22;17-18
qmvH 22;1
qmvH 34;20
qmvH 69;21
Zmc&d 12;10
a[&Sm, 53;9
qmvH 16;10
qmvH 68;18
40
taMumif;t&m
rdef;r\trsdK;tEG,f
tmjA[H\ trsdK;
Zmuf\trsdK;
,mukyftrsdK;
,k'trsdK;(rif;)
bk&ifjzpfrnf
'g0d'f\&mZyvif
xm0&bdodwf
AufvifrSmarG;rnf
tysdKpifrSarG;rnf
oli,frsm;ukdowfjcif;
tJ*kwKjynfokdYoGm;rnf
a&SUawmfajy;
bk&m;om;jzpfaMumif;aMujimjcif;
*gvdvJomoem
ol\pdkufvuPmtcsdKU
oifcef;pmay;onfhyHkOyrmESifhajymjcif;
arma&SuJhokdYya&mzuf
ESvHk;aMuuGJoludkpnf;
olYvlrsdK;ujiif;y,frnf
arvcdaZ'ufenf;wl,Zfyka&m[dwf
atmifyGJ0ifjcif;
atmifyGJESifh0if&aomtcsdef
uav;oli,fwdkY\csD;rGrf;oH
r,HkMunfMujcif;
t&if;aomvlrS opmazmufjcif;
aiGoHk;q,fESifhopmazmufjcif;
odk;xdef;ajruGufESifhxdkaiGjyefukefoGm;
,k'ae&m tjcm;ol0ifjcif;
rSm;,Gif;aomoufaorsm;jzifhpGyfpGJjcif;
rrSefaomoufaorsm;
jypfwifrIrsm;udk rwHkUjyefcJhjcif;
wHawG;axG; kdufESufjcif;
taMumif;rJhrkef;Mujcif;
tjypfr&SdbJrkef;Mujcif;
trsdK;rsdK;aom nif;yrf;ESdyfpufjcif;
jypfrIrsm;ESifhum;pifwifMujcif;
ajcESifhvufwdYkwGif oHrIddkufrnf
jyuf,,fjyKMujcif;
uJh&JUjcif;
&efolrsm;twGufqkawmif;ay;jcif;
olYt0wfudkpma&;wHcsjcif;
bk&m;ocif\ pGefYypfrIcH&jcif;
tdk;rusdK;&
aomuf&ef a&rIdwHawG;yHk;udkay;jcif;
eHab;awmfudk xdk;azmufrnf
<u,f0ol\ ocsFdKif;xm;rnf
jyefvnf&Sifjyefxajrmufrnf
aumif;uifbHkwGif bk&m;ocif\v,smfbuf
jynfhpHkjcif;
*vm4;4
r1;1
vk3;34
r1;2
vk3;33
vk19;38
vk1;32?33
a[NAJ1;8-12
vk2;7
vk1;26-31
r2;16
r2;14?15
vk7;24?27
r3;17
r4;13-16
vk2;52
r13;34?35
w3;20?22
vk4;18?19
a,m1;11
a[NAJ5;5?6
rm11;7?9
vk2;1?23;2319;42
r21;15?16
a,m37?38
vk22;47?48
r26;14?15
r27;6?7
w1;18-20
r26;60?61
r26;67
r26;67
a,m15;23?25
a&m5;6?8
rm15;27?28
a,m20;27
vk23;35
a,m20;7
vk23;35
a&m15;3
vk23;34
r27;35?36
r27;46
a,m19;32-36
r27;34
a,m19;34
r27;57-60
rm16;6?7
rm 16;19
"ra[mif;usrf;zGifhjyaomc&pfawmf
oifcef;pm (4)
"ra[mif;usrf;udktcsdKUuordkif;[kajymMuonf/History = His + story
c&pfawmfonf"ra[mif;pmapmifwkdif;az:jycH&onf/ "ra[mif;wGif c&pfawmfESihf
ywfoufaz:jyxm;aomya&mzufjyKcsuf 330 &SdNyD; Mumav wdusaocsmav
jzpfonf/
ar&Sd,t&Sif<uvmjcif;
rdef;r\trsdK;
urmOD; 3;15 oifESifh rdef;rudkif;? oif\ trsdK;tEG,fESifh rdef;r\
trsdK;tEG,fudkif;? igonf&efNidK;zGJYaprnf/ olonf oif\acgif;udk
Budwfvdrfhrnf? oifonf ol\ zaemifhudkBudwfvdrfhrnf[k rdefYawmfrl\ /
*vmwd 4;4 tcsdefumvaphaomtcg?
igwdkYonfom;\tcGifht&mudk
cH&rnftaMumif;?
AufvifNrdKUrSmarG;rnf
rdum 5;2
tdkAufvif{z&ufNrdKU? tpdk;&aom ,k'NrdKUwdkYwGif oifonf
NrdKUi,fNrdKU,kwfjzpfaomfvnf;? oa&vtrsdK;udk tkyfpdk;&aom ocifonf
ightzdkY oif\txJrSm ay:xGef;vwHh/ xdkocifonf a&S;uyfumvrSp
ay:xGef;aom ocifjzpf\/
vk2;4-7 a,moyfonfvnf;'g0d'ftrsdK;tEG,fjzpf?xdrf;jrm;aqmifESif;
aom r,m;rm&dESifh twlpm&if;0ifapjcif;iSg? *gvdvJjynf emZ&ufNrdKUrS
,k'jynfwGif Aufviftrnf&Sdaom 'g0d'f\NrdKUIokdYoGm;\/ xdktcg
rm&donf ukd,f0ef t&ifhtrm&Sdownf;/ AufvifNrdKU &SdaepOf?
bGm;tHhaom aeYvaphvQif? om;OD;udkzGm;jrif t0wf ESifhywf&pfNyD;rS?
{nhfonfwnf;&m
p&yf
olwdkYaep&mr&SdaomaMumifh?
oli,fudk
EGm;pmcGuf odyfxm;av\/
arma&SuJhodkYya&mzuf
w&m;a[m 18;15u oif\bk&m;ocif
trsdK;om; csif;wdkYtxJ igESifhwlaom
ay:xGef; apawmf rlrnf/
xm0&bk&m;onf?
oif\
ya&mzufwyg;udk oifhtbdkY
arvcdaZ'ufuJhodkY,Zfya&m[dwf
qmvH 110;4 xm0&bk&m;u? oifonf arvcdaZ'ufenf; wl xm0&
,Zfya&m[dwfjzpfonf[k usdefqkd? aemufwzef pdwf ajymif;vJ
jcif;&Sdawmfrrl/
41
'g0d'fvdkbk&if
a[&Sm, 9;7
'g0d'frif;\ &mZyvifay:xdkif? EkdifiHawmfudk
aemifumv tpOfrjywf? wnfapawmfrlrnf taMumif; ? tmPmawmf
wdk;wufjcif;ESifh
Nidrfoufawmfrljcif;onf
edptNrJ&Sdvdrfhrnf/
aumif;uifAdkvfajc t&Sif xm0&bk&m;onf tvdkawmftm;BuD;?
xkdtrIudk NyD;pD;apawmfrlvdrfhrnf/
vkum 1;32-33
xdkom;onfum;?
BuD;jrwfaomoljzpfvdrfhrnf/
tjrifhqHk; aombk&m;\ om;awmf[k ac:a0:orkwfjcif;udk cH&vdrfhrnf/
olYtb'g0d'f\
&mZyvifudk
xm0&t&Sifbk&m;ocifonf
olYtm;ay;awmfrlrnf/
xdkolonf
vnf;
,mukyftrsdK;tEG,fudk
tpOfrjywftkyfpdk;vdrfhrnf/
ol\EkdifiH onfvnf;
qHk;jcif;r&Sd&[k
ajymqkd\/
vmrnfhtcsdef
'Ha,v 9;25-26u xdkaMumifh? a,k&SvifNrdKUudkwzef wnfaqmuf
jyKpkapjcif;iSg?trdefYawmf&SdonfaeYr Sp c&pfawmfocif\ vufxuf
wdkifatmif?ckepfodwif; ESifhajcmufq,fESpfodwif;Mumvdrfhrnf[kodrSwfem;
vnf avmh/taESmifht,SufcH&aom umv NrdKUvrf;udkwzef wnfaxmif
jyKpk&rnf[kpD&if qHk;jzwfjcif;&Sd\/ckepfodwif;ajcmufq,f ESpfodwif;
vGefNyD;rS?c&pfawmfonftcGifh r&bJtaoowfj cif;udkcH&vdrfhrnf/
'g0d'f\ya&mzufjyKcsuf
opmazmufcH&rnfhya&mzufjyKcsuf
qmvH 41;9 tu,fpifppf ig,Hk? ighrke fYudkpm;aom taqGcifyGef;onf
ighukdajcESifhausmufownf;/
taoowfjcif;cH&rnfhya&mzufjyKcsuf
qmvH 22;16-19
qm 27;12 rrSefaomoufaoudkcHaomolwdkY ESifh nif;qJjcif;iSg? jyif;pGm
toufIaomolwdkYonf
tuREkfyfwbuf
xMuonfjzpf?
&efolwdkYtvdkokdY tuREkfyfudktyfESHawmfrrlygESifh/
rJ 26;60c?61
aemufqHk;? rrSefaom oufaocHESpfa,mufwdkYonf
vm? olku igonfbk&m;ocif\Adrmefawmfudk NzdKzsuf oHk; &uf
twGif;wGif wnfaqmufEkdifonf[k ajymygonf[k oufaocHMu\/
qm 69;4
taMumif;r&SdbJ?
tuREkfyfudk
rkef;aomolwdkYonf
tuREkfyf\ qHyifxufrsm;Muyg\/ r[kwfr rSefbJ tuREkfyfudk&efbufjyK
zsufqD;aomolwdkYonf cGeftm;BuD;Muyg\/ xdktcg tuREkfyfonf
r,laom Opmudkyifjyefay;&yg\/
42
a,m 15;23-25
ighudkrkef;aomolonf
ighcrnf;awmfudkrkef;\/
igonftjcm;olrjyKbl;aom trIudk xdkolwdkYa&SUrSm rjyKvQif olwdkY
tjypfr&Sd/ ,ckrlum;? olwdkYonf xdktrI udk jrif& igESifhigcrnf;awmfudk
rkef;Mu\/ okdYjzpfvQif? taMumif;r&SdbJ ighudkrkef;Mu\[k olwdYk\
ynwdusrf;pm a&;xm;aompum;onf jynfhpHkj cif;okdYa&mufownf;/
qm 22;16-19
acG;wdkYonf
tuREkfyfudk0dkif;vsuf?
pka0;aom
vlqdk;wdkY onf 0dkif;&Hvsufae? tuREkfyf\ vufajcwdkYudk xdk;azmuf
MuygNyD/udk,ftdk;&SdorQ wdkYudk tuREkfyfa&wGufEkdify g\/ olwdkYonf
tuREkfyfudkM unfhjrif tm;&vsuf aeMuyg\/ tuREkfyf t0wfudk
tcsif;csif;a0zef? tuREkfyftusudk pma&;wHcs Muyg\/tkdxm0&bk&m;?
tuREkfyfESifha0;a0;aeawmfrrlygESifh? tuREkfyf\ cGeftm;Av? tuREkfyfudk
rpjcif;iSg tvQiftjref<uvmawmfrlyg/
qmvH 22;6-8
tuREfkyfrlum;? vlr[kwf ydk;aumifrQomjzpfyg\/
vlrsm;uJh&JUp&m? vlpkwdkYt&SufcGJp&m bdkYjzpfyg\/ tuREfkyfudk jriforQaom
olwdkYonf jyuf,,fjyKjcif;? EIwfcrf;NzJjcif; ? acgif;Nidrhfjcif;udkjyKMuyg\/
olonfxm0&bk&m;udkudk;pm;NyD?
olUudkEIwfawmfrlygavap/
ol
tvdkawmf&SdvQif ,cku,fwifawmfrlygavap[k qdkMuyg\/
qmvH 69;21 bk&m;ocifonf
rdrd&efolwdkY\
OD;acgif;udkif;?
tjypfjyKNrJjyKaomolwdkY\ OD;aoQmifudkif;? {ueftrSefE Sdyfpufawmfrlrnf/
qmvH 119;4?5
tuREkfyfwdkYonf BudK;pm; usifhbdkY&m?
ukd,fawmfonf Mo0g'ay;awmfrlNyD/ ukd,fawmf\ txHk;tzGJUrsm;udk
apmifhEkdifrnf taMumif;? tuREkfyfonf vrf;ajzmifhygapaom/
qmvH 34;20 ol\tdk;&SdorQwdkYu dk
apmifha&Smufawmfrlonfjzpf?
wacsmif;rQ rusdK;ryJh&/
(rJ 27? rmuk 15? vkum 23? a,m[ef 19)
&Sifjyefxajrmufjcif; - aumif;uifodkYwuf<ujcif;
jynfhpHkrIrsm; - rJ 28? rmuk 16? vkum 24? a,m[ef 20
aojcif;
qmvH 16;10 taMumif;rlum;? ukd,fawmfonf tuRekfyf\ 0dnmOfudk

r&PmEkdifiH ypfxm;awmfrrl/ ukd,fawmf\ oefY&Sif;oltm;vnf;
ykyfpyfjcif; udk &SdapawmfrrlbJvsuf?
atmifyGJ
qmvH 24;7-10
tcsif;wHcg;wdkY? wHcg;rkwfudk <uvdkufMu/ tcsif;
xm0& wHcg;wdkY ukd,fudk<uvdkufM u/ bkef;BuD;aom &Sifbk&if 0ifawmfrl
rnf/ bkef;BuD;aom &Sifbk&ifum; tb,folenf;/ tpGrf;wefcdk; ESifh
43
jynfhpHkawmfrlaom xm0&bk&m;? ppfwdkufjcif;iSg wefcdk;BuD;awmfrlaom

xm0&bk&m;aywnf;/tcsif;wHcg;wdkY?wHcg; rkwfukd<uvdkufMu/ tcsif;
xm0& wHcg;wdYk? udk,fudk<uvdkufM u/ bkef;BuD;aom &Sifbk&if 0ifawmfrl
rnf/bkef;BuD;aom&Sifbk&ifum;tb,folenf;/aumif;uif Adkvfajc t&Sif
xm0&bk&m;aywnf;/ xdkbk&m;onf bkef;BuD;aom&Sifbk&if jzpfawmfrl
ownf;/
qmvH 68;18 ukd,fawmfonf
jrifhaomt&yfokdYwuf<uawmfrlojzifh?
rsm;pGm aomolwdkYudk brf;oGm;awmfrl? xm0&t&Sifbk&m;ocifonf
vlwdkYwGifusdef;0yf awmfrlrnftaMumif;? vlwdkYtbdkYru? ykefuefaom
vlwkdYtbdkY qkvyfrsm;udk cH&awmfrlNyD/
a[&Sm,\ya&mzufjyKcsufrsm;
a[&Sm,\ya&mzufjyKcsufrsm;onf aMumuf&GHUdkaopdwfjzpfvmatmif wdus aocsm
onf/ a[&Sm, 53 onf c&pfawmf\ taoowfjcif;cH&rnfh taMumif;udkjynfhpHkpGm
az:jyxm;onf/ wdusaocsmvGef;aomaMumifha&S;OD;*sL;bmoma&;q&mrsm;uolYwdkY\
usrf;pmxJwGifraz:jy&ef awmif;qdkcJhMuonf/ ,ckyg&Sdaejcif;onf *sL;,HkMunfol
c&pf,mefrsm;uaygif;xnfhxm;jcif;jzpfonf/1947ckESpfa&S;tusqHk;aomyifv,fao
usrf;pmapmifrsm;udk &SmazGawGU&SdcJh&onf/ xdktxJwGifvHk;0tysuftpD;r&SdbJtaumif;
yuwdawGU&onfh wckwnf;aomusrf;pmrSma[&S,\53ckajrmufaomusrf;jzpfonf/
(a,Iudk;um;ajymqdkcJhaom usrf;ydk'f-a[&Sm, 61;1-2)
vk 4;18?19 xm0&bk&m;\ 0dnmOfa wmfonf ightay: wnfawmfrl\/

taMumif;rlum;? qif;&Jom;wdkY0rf;ajrmufp&m odwif;udk Mum;ajymapjcif;
iSg ighudkbdodwfay;awmfrlNyD/ aMurGaomolwdkY\ temudk aysmufapjcif; iSg
if;? brf;oGm;csKyfxm;vsuf&SdaomolwdkYtm; vTwfjcif;taMumif; ESifh
rsufpduef;aomolwdYktm; rsufpdjyefj rifjcif;taMumif;udk jyapjcif;iSgif;?
nif;qJcH&aomolwdkYudk u,frjcif; iSgif;? xm0&bk&m;\ r*FvmESpf
umvudk Mum;ajymapjcif;iSgif;? ighudkapvTwfawmfrlNyD [kvmownf;/
a,IoufawmfpOf
tysdKunmrSzGm;jrifjcif;
a[&Sm, 7;14
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vuPmudkoifwkdYtm;ay;awmfrlrnf/owd kYorD;unmonfy#doaEpGJ,l?
om;a,musfm;udkzGm;jrifvwhH/ xdko m;udk {rmaEGv trnfjzifh rSnfh&vwHh/
rdom;pk
a[&Sm 11;1 a,&SJtrsdK;tikwftwufaygufvdrfhrnf/ol\tjrpfwdkYwGif

tTefYonf toD;oD;vdrfhrnf/
44
bdodwf
a[&Sm,11;2
vdrfhrnf/
xm&bk&m;0dnmOfawmfonfxdkoltay:rSm usdef;0yfawmfrl
a,I\tusihfpm&dw
OmPfynm
a[&Sm,11;2
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ay;aom0dnmOf?
BuHpnfwwfpGrf;Ekdifaom
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Xm0&bk&m;udk od aMumuf&GHUaom oabmudkay;aom 0dnmOfawmfonf
xdkoltay:rSm usdef;0yfawmfrlvdrfhrnf/
0dnmOfa&;&mydkif;jcm;odjrifjcif;
a[&Sm, 11;3
{z&drftrsdK;onf
jiLplaompdwfNidrf;vdrfhrnf/
&efjyKwwfaom
,k'trsdK;om;wdkYonfvnf;?
&efajyMuvdrfhrnf/
{z&drftrsdK;onf ,k'trsdK;udk rjiLpl&/ ,k'trsdK;vnf; {z&drftrsdK;udk
&efrjyK&/
w&m;pD&ifjcif;
a[&Sm, 11;4
qif;&Jom;wdkY\ trIudk w&m;awmftwdkif;pD&if?
ESdrfhcsaom ajrBuD;om;wdkY bufaevsuf? ajzmifhrwfpGm qHk;jzwfvdrfhrnf/
ajrBuD;udk EIwfuywfawmfvSHwHESifh 'Pfcwf? qkd;aomolkudk EIwfcrf;
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a[&Sm, 11;5
w&m;ESifhopmonf ol \cg;yef;cg;pnf;jzpfvdrfhrnf/
Nidrfoufjcif; (&efrvdkjcif;)
a[&Sm, 42;2
atmf[pfjcif;?a<u;aMumfjcif;udkrjyKrl? vrf;c&D;
ol\toHudk tb,folrQ rMum;ap&/
a[&Sm, 53;7
xdkolonf nif;qJj cif;ESifh ESdrfhcsjcif;udk cH
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olUudkaqmifoGm;? okd;onf tarG; nyfaomola&SUrSm rjrnfbJaeouJhokdY?
olonf EIwfudk rzGifhbJae\/
El;nHhodrfarGUjcif;
a[&Sm, 42;3
tawmufao;aom rD;pmudk rowf/ w&m;onf
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onf;cHjcif;
45
a[&Sm, 42;4
ajrBuD;ay:rSm w&m;awmfukd rwnfaprSDwGif tm;
ravsmh? pdwfvnf;rysuf&/ ol\ w&m;udkvnf;? wuRef;wEkdifiHom;
wdkYonf ajrmfvifhMuvdrfhrnf/
46
tvif;vif;jcif;
a[&Sm,42;6 igxm0&bk&m;onfoihfudkw&m;ojzifhac:xm;onf jzpf?

vufqGJvsufaxmufrrnf/
a[&Sm, 9;2 arSmifrdkufxJrSmoGm;vmaomvlrsm;wdkYonf
BuD;pGmaom
tvif;udkjrif&?aorif;\EkdifiHt&dyfwGif&SdaeaomolwdkY tvif;ay:xGef;
vsuf &Sd\/
*kPmxm;jcif;
a[&Sm, 53;4
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qHk;r
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cH&aomoljzpfonf[k
igwkdYonf
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a[&Sm, 53;7
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EIwfrzGifhbJae\/ taoowfjcif; iSg aqmifoGm;aom odk;oi,fuJhokdY
olUudkaqmifoGm;? okd;onf tarG; nyfaomola&SUrSm rjrnfbJaeouJhokdY?
olonf EIwfudk rzGifhbJae\/
udk,fpm;cHjcif;
a[&Sm,53;10 xm0&bk&m;onfolYudkESdy fpufjcif;iSgtvdkawmf&Sdemap

awmf rl\/ olonf tjypfajzaom,Zfudk ylaZmfNyD;rS? trsdK;tEG,fawmfudk
jrif&vdrfh rnf/ toufawmfvnf; &Snfvdrfhrnf/ xm0&bk&m;\
tBuHawmfonfvnf; ol\vuf jynfhpH kjcif;okdYa&mufvdrfhrnf/
tjypfuif;pifjcif;
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vlqkd;wdkYESifhtwl ajrjrKyfjcif; iSg pD&ifMu\/ okdY&mwGif aoNyD;rS
olaX;&Sd\/
BuD;us,fjrihfjrwfrI
a[&Sm, 53;12
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olwdkYESifh a&wGuf0ifjcif;okdYa&mufojzifh? vlrsm;wdkY\ tjypfudk aqmif&Guf
? rw&m;aomolwdkYtbdkY awmif;yefaomaMumifh? vlBuD;wdkYudk ol\ tbdkY
jzpfapjcif;iSg igcGJrnf/ tpGrf;owd &Sdaom olwdkYudk ol\ vuf& Opm
uJhokdY? ukd,fwkdifa0zef&aom tcGifh&Sdvdrfhrnf/
umuG,fEdkifaomwefcdk;
a[&Sm, 53;11
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tm;&vdrhfrnf/ xdkajzmifhrwfaom ig\uRefudkoduRrf;jcif;tm;jzifh? olonf
47
trsm;aomolwdkYudk ajzmifhrwf&m wnfapvdrfhrnf/ olwdkY\ tjypfudk

udk,fwdkifaqmif&Guf&\/
a,I\omoem
tvif;xGef;vif;ol
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vlrsm;wdkYonf
tvif;udkjrif&?
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olwdkY
tvif;ay:xGef;vsuf&Sd\/
w&m;olBuD;
a[&Sm,11;3
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jzpf? rdrdrsufpdjrifonftwdkif; w&m;rpD&if? rdrdem;Mum;onftwdkif;
rqHk;jzwfbJ?
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aom ajrBuD;om;wdkY bufaevsuf? ajzmifhrwfpGm qHk;jzwfvdrfhrnf/
ajrBuD;udkEIwfuywfawmfvSHwHESifh 'Pfcwf? qkd;aomolkudk EIwfcrf;
xGufoufESifh uGyfrsufvdrfhrnf/
w&m;ay;ol
a[&Sm,42;4
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pdwfvnf; rysuf&/ ol\ w&m;udkvnf;? wuRef;wEkdifiHom;wdkYonf
ajrmfvifh Muvdrfhrnf/
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a[&Sm, 42;7
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csKyfxm;aomol wdkYudk vTwfpdrhfaomiSgif;? arSmifrdkufaeaomolwdkYud k
trkdufaxmifxJu
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0efxkyfo,faqmifol
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toD;oD;
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48
Mum;cHawmif;avQmufay;ol
a[&Sm, 53;12
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olwdkYESifh
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ol\tbdkYjzpfapjcif;iSg
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wOD;wnf;aomu,fwif&Sif
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jcif;? ESdyfpufjcif;udkcH&av\/ igwdkY\ Nidrfoufjcif;csrf; omukdjzpfapaom
qHk;rjcif; onfolYtay:okdY a&muf? olcH&aom'Pfcsuftm;jzifh igwdkY
onf temaysmuf vsuf&SdMu\/
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a[&Sm,53;5c
&SdMu\/
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a,I\emrnfrsm;
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a[&Sm, 7;14
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?om;a,musfm;udkzGm;jrifvwhH/xdkom;udk{rmaEGvtrnfjzifh rSnfh&vwHh/
tHhMozG,f wkdifyifzuf? wefcdk;BuD;aomxm0&tb Nidrfoufjcif;t&Sif

a[&Sm, 9;6 taMumif;rlum;? igwkdYtbdkYoli,fudk zGm;jrif\/ igwkdYtm;
om;udk oem;awmfrl\/ xkdolonf tkyfp dk;jcif; tmPmpuf &Sdvdrfhrnf/
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a[&Sm, 42;1
igaxmufraom ighuRef&if;? igESpfoufjrwfEdk;&m
iga&G;cs,f aomoludkM unfhIavmh/ xdkol\ tay: igh0dnmOfudk ig
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ocifbk&m;\vufHk;
49
a[&Sm, 53;1 igwdkYa[majymaom odwif;pum;udk tb,fol,Hkoenf; /

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apjcif;iSg? ighudkbdodwfay;awmfrlNyD/ ESvHk;aMuuGJaomolwdkY\ temudk
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taMumif;ESifh? tusOf;cHvsuf &SdaomolwdkYtm; axmifwHcg;zGifhj cif;
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50
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51
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t&mwdkY\ yHkyrmt&dyfESifhom qkdifvsuf 0wfudkjyKaeMu\/
wJawmf
wJawmf\twkdif;txGm? opfom;toHk;taqmif? a&G? aiG? csnfxnf? om;a&tm;vHk;
wdkYuGJjym;aomt"dyg,f zGihfqdkcsufwckp&D SdNyD; tm;vHk;onf c&pfawmfudkTefjyonf/
Xme
52
ck
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y&dowfpnf;a0;&mXme
ae&modkY*sL;ESihfwyg;trsdK;om;xJrS
ajymif;vJvmoltm;vHk;0ifa&mufvmEkdif
NyD;vlom;rsm;udkajymif;vJ&ef
vkyfaqmifay;aom
oefY&Sif;aom0dnmOfawmf\
trIaqmifjcif;udkaz:jyonf/
oefY&Sif;&mXme
ae&modkY,Zfyka&m[dwfom0ifEkdifNyD; trIaqmif&onf/ ylaZmfrIudk tjyifbuf
rSvnf; jyK oefY&Sif;&mXmerSvnf;jyKvkyfNyD; a,Ic&pfawmfudk yHkaqmifonf/
toefY&Sif;qHk;Xme
ae&modkY,Zfyka&m[dwfrif;wyg;wnf;omtjypfajz&maeYrSm0if&onf/toefY&Sif;qHk;
XmexJr0ifcif ,Zfyk&m[dwfrif;onf tcsdef,l olYudkol oefY&Sif;&onf/
olYtoufwm tjypf&Sdyguolaornf/ toefY&Sif;qHk; Xmeonf crnf;awmfbk&m;\
rsufarSmufudk
yHkaqmifonf/
toefY&Sif;qHk;
XmESihf
oefY&Sif;&mXmeudk
tvGefxlaomukvm;umjzihf umxm;onf/ a,I vuf0g;uyfwkdifrSm taocHcsdef
ukvm;umonf txufrS atmufodkY tHhMobG,&f muGJoGm;onf/ toefY&Sif;qHk; Xmeudk
umxm;p&mrvdkawmh/ ,Zfyka&m[dwfrsm; uREfkyfwdkYtwGuf bk&m;rsufarSmufawmfodkY
0ifp&m rvdkawmh/ a,Ionf uREfkyfwdkYwGuf,Zfya&m[dwfjzpfvmum bk&m;
rsufarSmufawmfodkYuREfkyf wdkY&J&ihfpGmwdk;0ifEdkifNyD/
rJ 27;50?51
a,Ionf BuD;aomtoHESifh wzefa<u;aMumfNyD;vQif
toufawmfudkvTwfawmfrl\/ xdktcg Adrmefawmf\ ukvm;umonf
txufpGef;rS atmufpGef;wdkifatmifpkwfuGJav\/ ajrBuD;vIyfav\/
ausmufrsm;wdkYonf uGJjym;Mu\/
avmuom;tm;vHk;wGufa,ItaocHNyD;aomtcg Adrmefawmf wJawmf rvdkawmhay/
AdrmefawmfwJawmfwdkY\ &nf&G,fcsuf rsm;tm;vHk; a,I jynfhpHkcJhNyD; wJawmf
wefqmrsm;pm;aomufyGJylaZmfjcif;?
,Zfyka&m[dwf
ponfht&mtm;vHk;wdkYonf
c&pfawmfESihf olYtvkyfudk azmfjyaejcif;jzpfonf/
,aeYcsD;rGrf;udk;uG,frIjyKMuaomtcgvnf; wJawmf\XmeoHk;ckudk ESvkH;oGif; &rnf
jzpfonf/ bk&m;ocif\rsufarSmufawmfodkY rnfuJhodkY wkd;0if&rnfudk oGefoifaeonf/
yxr - aus;Zl;awmfcsD;rGrf;vsufwHcg;0rS0if&onf/
'kwd, - *kPfawmfukd csD;rGrf;vsufwHwkdif;awmfwnf;[laom oefY&Sif;&m XmeodkY
0if&rnf/
aemufqHk; - toefY&Sif;qHk;XmewJodkY0ifumbk&m;&Sifudk udk;uG,f&rnf/
wJawmfwefqmrsm;
a&T
= jrihfjrwfrIudkxif&Sm;aponf/
aiG
= a&G;EIwfu,fwifjcif;udkazmfjyonf/
53
aMu;
= w&m;pD&ifjcif;udk udk,fpm;jyKonf/
tjyma&mif
= aumif;uifbHk\rlvobm0udkudk,fpm;jyKonf/
c&rf;a&mif
= awmf0ifbk&if\jrihfjrwfrIudkudk,fpm;jyKonf/
MuufaoG;a&mif
= qufuyfylaZmfrIudkudk,fpm;jyKonf/
tmum&Sopfom;
a,Iudkaz:jyonf/
= zsufqD;r&aomopfom;?
ajymif;vJjcif;r&Sdaom
y&dowfpnf;a0;&mXme
aMu;0g,Zfyvif
y&dwfowfpnf;a0;&mXmexJ0ifvQif yxrOD;qHk;awGY&rnfh rD;dIU&m,Zf ylaZmfaom
yvifjzpfonf/ bk&m;ocifqDvmvQif yxrOD;qHk; tjypf ajzvTwfcH&&efvdkonf/
,Zfyvifudk tmum&Sopfom;jzihf jyKvkyfxm;NyD; aMu;0g;jzihfrGef;rHxm;onf/
tum&Sopfom; - rajymif;vJaomc&pfawmf
aMu;0g
- tjypfpD&ifjcif;
bk&m;om;awmf\yxrOD;qHk;ESihf aemufqHk;tBudrf qufuyfylaZmfrIudk az:jyonf/

ocifa,I\qufuyfcJhrI
a[jAJ 9;26c ,ckrlum;?

uyfumvtqHk;wcgwnf;ukd,fudk
ylaZmfaomtm;jzifh tjypfrsm;udk okwfoify ,f&Sif;jcif;iSg ay:xGef;awmf
rl\/
,ckuREfkyfwdkYtvSnfh
a&mr 12;1 nDtpfudkwdkY?

touf&Sifjcif;vuPm?
oefY&Sif;jcif;
vuPm? bk&m;ocifESpfoufawmfrlbG,faom vuPmESifhjynfhpHkaom
,Zfudk
oifwdkYonfylaZmf?
rdrdukd,fcEmudk
bk&m;ociftm;
qyfuyfjcif; wnf;[laom oifwdkYjyKtyfaom 0wfudk jyKrnfhtaMumif;
bk&m;ocif\
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axmufxm;
oifwkdYudkig
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tifwHk
aMu;0gjzihfjyKvkyfxm;NyD; tjrJwrf;a&jynfhaeonf/ trIawmfraqmifrSD ,Zfyka&m[dwf
rsm; ajcvufaq;&onf/ uREfkyfwdkY\ toufwm tjypf tnpftaMu;tpGef;txif;
rsm;udkvdktyfaomtcgc&pfawmfaq;ay;jcif;udk az:jyaeonf/ u,fwifjcif; &&SdNyD;
aemuf qufvuf tjypfaq;aMum&efvdktyfonf/
{zuf 5;26-27
xdktoif;awmfonf
oefY&Sif;vsuf?
tjypfuif; vsuf &Sdonfjzpf? tnpftaMu;wifjcif;? ta&wGefYj cif;rS
ponfwdkYESifh
vGwfvyf
ojzifh?
toa&wifhw,fvsuf&Sdaom
toif;awmfudk c&pfawmfonf rdrdtm; qufothHaomiSg? EIwfuywfawmf
54
a& aq;aMumjcif;tm;jzifh pifMu,f oefY&Sif;aprnf

xkdtoif;awmf tbdkYtvdkiSg udk,f udkukd,f pGefY awmfrl\/
taMumif;?
tjypfjyKvkyfrdvQif0efcsawmif;yefcGihfvTwfjcif;&&Sd&efvdktyfonf/
1a,m 1;9 udk,ftjypfwkdYudk azmfjyawmif;yefvQif? igwkdYtjypfrsm;udk

vTwf?
'kpkduf&SdorQESifh
uif;pifapjcif;iSg
bk&m;ocifonf
opmw&m;ESifhif;? ajzmifhrwfjcif;w&m;ESifhif;jynfhpHkawmfrl\/
oifwdkYonfiga[majymaompum;tm;jzihf ,ckyif&Sif;vif;vsuf&SdMu\/
a,m[ef 15;3
oifwdkYonf iga[majymaom pum;tm;jzifh ,ckyif
&Sif;vif;vQuf &SdMu\/
EIwfuywfawmftpmpm;jcif;
oefY&Sif;&mXme
Xmewefqm 3 ck&SdNyD; nmbuf&Sdaom a&SUawmfrkefYpm;yGJ? b,fbuf
a&TrD;cHkwkdifESihf a&SUwnfhwnfhrSmeHYomaygif;rD;dIU &m,ZfyvifwdkYjzpfonf/
a&SUawmfrkefYpm;yGJ
tmum&Sopfom;jzihfjyKvkyfxm;NyD;
a&TjzihfzHk;vTrf;xm;onf/
vlom;jzpfjcif;
ESihfbk&m;jzpfjcif;wdkYudk
az:jyaeonf/
rkefYtjrJ&Sdae&onf/c&pfawmfonf toufrkefYjzpfonf/
c&pfawmf\
xdkpm;yGJay:rSm
1aum 10;16?17 igwkdYonf aus;Zl;awmfudk csD;rGrf;&m cGufzvm;rlum;?

c&pfawmf\ taoG;udkqufqHjcif;jzpfonf r[kwfavm/ igwdkYzJhaom
rkefYrlum;? c&pfawmf\ udk,fudkqufqHjcif;jzpfonf r[kwfavm/
rkefYwpfvHk;wnf;&Sdonfj zpf?
igwkdY&SdorQonf
wvHk;wnf;jzpfaom
xdkrkefYudk
qufqHvsufcH,lMuaomaMumifh?
trsm;jzpfaomigwdkYonf
wvHk;wudk,fwnf; jzpfMu\/
rkefYudkqufqHjcif;tm; jzihfc&pfawmfESihfwvHk;wudk,fwnf;jzpf&onf/
a&TrD;cHkwkdif
ppfrSefoefY&Sif;pifMu,faoma&TjzihfjyKvkyfxm;onf/
ppfrSefonfhtvif;jzpfonf/
c&pfawmfonf
avmu\
a,m[ef 8;12 wzefwHk? a,Iu igonf avmu\ tvif; jzpf\/

ighaemufokdY vdkufaomolonf arSmifrd kuf roGm;rvm? touf\
tvif;udk &vdrfhrnf[k rdefYawmfrl\ /
c&pfawmfaemufvdkufvQif uREfkyfwdkYvnf;olwyg;twGuftvif;jzpfvdrfhrnf/
55
rJ 5;16 xdkenf;wl? olwyg;wdkY onf oifwkYd\ aumif;aomtusifh

udkjrif? aumif;uifbHk &Sdawmfrlaom oifwdkYtb\ *kPfawmfudk
csD;rGrf; apjcif;iSg? olwyg;a&SU oifwdkYtvif;udk vif;apMuavmh/
eHYomaygif;rD;dIU&m,Zfyvif
tmum&Sopfom;jzihfjyKvkyfxm;NyD; a&TjzihfzHk;xm;onf/
rjywfrD;dIUxm;jcif;onf c&pfawmf\uREfkyfwdkYtwGuf
qkawmif;ay;aejcif;udkazmfjyaeonf/
eHYomaygif;udk
tqufrjywf
tquf
Mum;cH
a&mr 8;34 tjypfpD&ifaomolum;? tb,folenf;/ taocH cHonf

omru? aojcif;rS xajrmuf bk&m;ocif\ v,sfmawmfbuf aevsuf?
ighwkdYtbdkYqkawmif;aomolum; c&pfawmfaywnf;/
uREfkyfwdkYaeYpOfqkawmif;&efudkvnf; wdkufwGef;ajymqdkaeonf/
Asm'dwf 8;3?4 aumif;uifwrefwyg;onfvm a&Tvifyef; udk ukdif vsuf

,Zfyviftem;rSm
&yfae\/
yvifawmfa&SU&Sdaom
a&T
,Zfyviftay:rSm oefY&Sif;oltaygif;wkdY\ yXemESifhtwl qufuyf
jcif;iSg? rD;IdYaom eHYomaygif; trsm;udk xdkol ay;Mu\/ rD;IdYaom
eHYomaygif;\ tckd;taiGYonf oefY&Sif;ol wdkY\ yXemrsm;ESifh twl
aumif;uifwref\ vufxJu bk&m;ocifh a&SawmfodkYwufav\/
toefY&Sif;qHk;Xme
y#dnmOfaowm
toefY&Sif;qHk;Xme y#dnmOfaowmESihf *kPmyvif [l wJawmfwefqm ESpfck
&Sdonf/
y#dnmOfaowmxJrSmtmkef\vSHwH?
ynwfcsufrsm;
a&;xm;aom
ausmufjym;ESpfcsyf? rErkefYwdkY&Sdonf/ y#dnmOfaowmudk tum&S opfom;ESihf a&Tjzihf
jyKvkyfxm;NyD; c&pfawmf\vlom;jzpfjcif;ESifh bk&m; jzpfjcif;udk azmfjyaeonf/
arma&Sonf y#dnmOfaowmom bk&m;\rsufarSmufawmfudka&muf&Sd bk&m;ESihf
awGUqHk&ouJhodkY,aeYc&pfawmfonf bk&m;&SifESihfuREfkyfwdkYawGUqHk&m ae&mjzpfonf/
xGufajrmuf&m 25;22 xdkt&yf

igonfoifESifhawGY?oufaocH csufxm;aom
aowmtzHk; tay:?
ackAdrfESpfyg;pyfMum;rSm oifESifhEIwfqufojzifh? oa&v trsdK;om;wdkY
qifhqdk&morQwdkYudk pD&ifrnf/
*kPmyvif
vHk;0a&TppfppfjzihfomjyKvkyfxm;NyD;bk&m;&Sifudkaz:jyaeonf/ y#dnmOfaowm\tay:
ab;ESpfzuf tawmifudkjzefYxm;onfh ackAdrfESpfyg;&Sdonf/t"dyg,frSmbk&m;ocif\
yvifudk olwdkYapmifha&Smufaeonf/
56
a[jAJ 4;16 xdkaMumifhigwkdYonf oem;jcif;*kPmudkif;? awmfavsmf

aom rpjcif; aus;Zl;udkif; cH&rnftaMumif; &J&ifhaompdwfESifh
aus;Zl;yvifawmfodkY wdk; 0ifcsOf;uyfMuukefth H/
,ZfylaZmfjcif;
ylaZmfjcif;trIrsm;udkjyK&mt"dyg,frsm;&Sdaeonf/ tm;vHk;aom ylaZmfqufuyfrIrsm;
onf ,HkMunfjcif;omxd&mufrI&Sdap&efjzpfonf/
t"du,ZfylaZmfjcif;ig;rsdK;udk0wfjyK&m usrf;\yxrtcef;BuD;ig;ckwGif tao;pdwf
avhvmEkdifonf/ jcm;em;aomaz:jycsufrsm;&Sdaomfvnf; tm;vHk;onfc&pfawmf\
jynfhpHkaomqufuyfylaZmfrIudkom &nfGef; udk,fpm; jyKonf/
,ZfylaZmfjcif;ESpfrsdK;
arT;BudKifaomylaZmfoumbk&m;ocif\tvdkawmfudkjynfhpHkpGmaqmif&Gufaomc&pfawmf
\ trIudkaz:jy
rarT;BudKifaomylaZmfoum - tvGefqdk;npfaom uREfkyfwdkYtjypfrsm;udk c&pfawmf
,laqmifoGm;jcif;udkaz:jyonf/
arT;BudKifaom,ZfylaZmfrI
rD;dIU&m,ZfylaZmfjcif;
rD;dIU&m,ZfjyK&jcif;\&nf&G,fcsufrSmbk&m;ocif\a&SUawmfarSmufodkYa&muf&SdNyD;ol\
pdwfawmfESihfawGY&efjzpfonf/
(0wfjyK&m 1)vl\ydkifqkdifrItay:rlwnf,ZfylaZmfrnfhwd&pmef (EGm;? odk;? qdwf? *sdK;?
cdk) udk tjypftemtqmr&Sdatmif*kpdkufa&G;cs,f&onf/ rnfol\ wdkufwGef;rIjzihf
r[kwfbJ
rdrdzmom
rdrdudk,fydkifq;Hk jzwfcsufjzihf
,ZfylaZmfjcif;jzpfonf/
c&pfawmfonf
vnf;rdrdudk,fydkif
qHk;jzwfcsufjzihf
olYudk,fol
ylaZmfqufuyfjcif;jzpfonf/
,ZfylaZmfrnfholonf wd&pmef\acgif;ay:rSm rdrdvufudkwif rdrdtjypfrsm; udk
vTJajymif;ay;vdkufNyD;onfESihf wd&pmefudk owfjzpfvdkufonf/ vG,ful aom
tvkyfawmh r[kwfacs/ rdrdudkowfrnf[k odoGm;aom wd&pmefudk vG,fulpGm
owfEdkifonfr[kwf/
bk&m;ocifonfvnf; uREfkyfwdkYtjypftwGuf olYom;udkay;&ef vG,fulrnf[k xifyg
ovm;
abmZOfylaZmfoum
aus;Zl;awmfcsD;rGrf;&efylaZmfjcif;jzpfonf/
taumif;qHk;rkefYnuf?
qD?
qm;?
tarT;tBudKifrsm; yg0if&NyD;udk,fhqEESihfudk,fylaZmf &onf/ rkefYnufonfoefY&rnf/
rMurf;wrf;bJ
acsmarGUnufae&rnf/
ta&mtaESmryg&/
c&pfawmf\
jynfhpHkrIudk&nfTef;ygonf/
qDonfc&pfawmf\toufwm&SdaeaomoefY&Sif;aom0dnmOfawmfudk&nfTef;onf/
57
qm;onfqufuyfylaZmfrIudkMum&SnfcHap&efjzpfonf/ xdkabmZOfylaZmfoumrkefYudk
rD;dIUaomtcg tHhMozG,f&marT;BudKifaom teHYxGufvmonf/ uREfkyfwdkY\tusdK;ESihf
jynfhpHkrItwGufc&pfawmf\cHpm;rIudkazmfjyonf/
abmZOfylaZmfoumwaq;ESihfysm;&nfryg&/ waq;onf tjypfESihf rSm;,Gif;aom
Mo0g'rsm;udk qdkvdkNyD;ysm;&nfonf rdrdvdkb jynfhpHkrIudkom OD;pm;ay;onfh vlYZmwd
jzpfonf/ vufjzihfjyKvkyfaomxdkylaZmfoumudk rD;dIUxm0&bk&m;tm;ylaZmfNyD;
usef<uif;aomt&m onf,Zfyka&m[dwftzdkYjzpfonf/ (0wfjyK&m 2)
rdo[m,,Zf
,ZfylaZmf&jcif;\&nf&G,fcsufrSm rdo[m,zGJY&efjzpfonf/ bk&m;ocifESihf &if;ESD;
uRrf;0if tjrJwrf;rdo[m,usif;yEdkif&ef jzpfonf/ ylaZmfrI a0pkoHk;pk&SdNyD;
ocifbk&m;twGuf? ,Zfyka&m[dwftwGufESihf ylaZmfrIudk jyKaom rdom;pktwGuf
jzpfonf/ bk&m;ocifESihf uREfkyfwdkYudk jyefvnfoihfjrwfapaom c&pfawmfudk xifay:
ap&efjzpfonf/
rdo[m,,ZfylaZmfaomolonftjypf&SdaevsufyifylaZmfrIjyKr&?jyKvQifrrSefuefay/
bk&m;ocifonftjypfESihfrdo[m,rzGJYay/ (0wfjyK&m-3)
rarT;BudKifaom,ZfylaZmfrI
tjypfajz&m,Zf
,ZfylaZmf&jcif;\&nf&G,fcsufrSmvGefusL;rdaomtjypfajzvTwfjcif;cH&&efjzpfonf/
(0wfjyK&m4)jypfvGefusL;rdaomvlwef;pm;tvdkuf ylaZmfrIjyK&ef wd&pmefudka&G;cs,f
owfrSwfxm;ayonf/
rD;dIU&m,ZftjypfusL;vGefolonf
rdrdwwfEdkiforQ
ay;EkdiforQudkomylaZmf&onf/ tjypfajz&m,Zfrl rdrdtaetxm;ay: rlwnf
owfrSwfxm;aom,Zfaumif udkylaZmf&onf/ ,Zfyka&m[dwfonftBuD;qHk;jzpfonf/
-
,pfyka&m[dwfESihfoa&vtrsdK;om;tm;vHk;wGuf EGm;ysdK
tkyfcsKyfol (rif;) = qdwfxD;
qif;&Jol = qdwfr
xdk,Zfaumiftm;vHk;onf tjypftemtqmryg&/ ,Zfaumifudk y&dwfowfa&SUwGif

,laqmifvmrdrdtjypfudk0efcHNyD;tjypf temtqmrygaom ,Zfaumifudk owf&
rnf/ azmfjycsufrsm;rSm aemifw&bdkYESihf c&pfawmf\ uREfkyfwdkY tjypftwGuf ay;qyfrI
(aojcif;) udkvufcH&&SdNyD;jzpf wm0ef odwwfbdkYjzpfonf/
2aum 5;21 tb,faMumihfenf;[lrlum;? bk&m;ocifonf tjypfESifh

uif;pif aomoludk igwdkYtwGufaMumifh tjypf&Sdaomoljzpfapawmfrl\/
taMumif;rlum;?
igwkdYonf
xdkoltm;jzifhbk&m;ocifha&SUawmf
ajzmifhrwfaomol jzpfrnf taMumif;wnf;/
,Zfyka&m[dwfonf,Zfaumif\taoG;udk
oefY&Sif;&mXme
uefYvefYuma&SUrSm
ckESpfBudrf
jzef;NyD;
eHYomaygif;rD;dIU&myvifxnfh
&rnf/
,Zfaumifudk
aMu;0g,ZfyvifrSmrD;dIU t<uif;tusefudkwyfjyifrSmrD;dIUjypf&rnf/
c&pfawmf\udk,fpm;cHjcif;udk,lwifolYudkomtjrJwrf;&SmNyD;csD;rGrf;ae&efjzpfonf/
58
a[jAJ 13;12-15
xdkokdYESifht nD?
a,Ionf
rdrdtaoG;tm;jzifh
vlrsm;udk pifMu,fapjcif;iSg? NrdKUwHcg;jyif taocHawmfrl\/ okdYjzpf?
igwdkYonf xdkocifESifhtwl uJh&Jujcif; udkcH? wyfjyiftxHawmfokdY
xGufoGm;MuukeftHh/ taMumif;rlu m;? igwkdYonf b0tNrJwnfaom
NrdKUr&Sd aemifjzpfvwHhaom NrdKUudk &SmMu\/ xdkaMumifhigwkdYonf
bk&m;ocif\ aus;Zl;awmfudk0efcHvsuf? EIwfcrf; toD;wnf; [laom
csD;rGrf;jcif;
,Zfudkocifa,Ic&pftm;jzifh
bk&m;ocifha&SUawmf
tpOfylaZmfM uukefth H/
'kpdkufajz&m,Zf
,ZfylaZmf&jcif;\ &nf&G,fcsufrSm uREfkyfwdkYtjypf\ xdcdkufemusifaprIrsm;
(tjypf\&v'f)twGufc&pfawmfay;&aomtzdk;;vnf oabmayguf&efjzpfonf/
c&pfawmfudkvufcHNyD;oGm;onfESihftjypfxyfrHaq;aMum&efrvdkawmhbl;vm;
1 a,m 1;8-10
udk,ftjypfr&Sd[k igwkdYonfqkdvQif? udk,fukdukd,f
vSnhfzsm; Mu\/ igwdkY opmw&m;r&Sd/ udk,ftjypfwdkYudk azmfjy
awmif;yefvQif? igwkdY tjypfrsm;udk vTwf? 'kpkduf&SdorQESifh uif;pif
apjcif;iSg
bk&m;ocifonf
opmw&m;ESifhif;?
ajzmifhrwfjcif;
w&m;ESifhif; jynfhpHkawmfrl\/ 'k pkdufudk rjyKNyD[k igwdkYonfqkdvQif?
bk&m;ocifudk rkomtjypfwifMu\/ EIwfuywfawmf vnf; igwdkYr&Sd/
aeYpOftoufwm usL;vGefrdaomtjypffrsm;wGuf ,ZfylaZmfrI vdktyfonf/ ,Zf
ylaZmfrI yg0ifywfoufrI 6 rsdK;&Sdonf/ ,HkMunfolrsm; t&mudk em;vnf
oabmaygufvQifusL;vGefrdonfESihf csufjcif;awmif;yeftjypfcGihfvTwfjcif;cH&rnf/
tjypfcGihfvTwf&efvdktyfaomyxrtqihfrSm0efcsawmif;yefjcif;jzpfonf/
0wfjyK&m 5;5 xdkodkYaom tjypfwpfpHkwpfck a&mufvQif? xdktjypfudkazmfjy

awmif;yef&rnf/
qufvufcGihfvTwfjcif;cH&&efrSmvnf;qufvufawmif;yefjcif;jzpfonf/
1a,m 1;9 udk,ftjypfwdkYudk

azmfjyawmif;yefvQif?
igwkdYtjypfrsm;udkvTwf?
'kpkduf&SdorQESifh;pifapjcif;iSg
bk&m;ocifonfopmw&m;ESifhif;?ajzmifhrwfjcif;
w&m;ESifhif;
jynfhpHkawmfrl\/
usL;vGefjcif; 6 rsdK;
ajymqdkjcif;ESihfqkdifaomtjypf-trSefudkodrajymbJaevQiftjypf&Sdonf/
0wfjyK&m 5;1 wpHkwpfa,mufaomolonf

trIudk
jrifonfjzpfap?
odonf jzpfap? usdefqkdaompum;udkMum; oufaojzpfvsufESifh
jyefrajymbJaeojzifh jypfrSm;? rdrd'kpkduf tjypfudkcH&aomfif;?
npfnL;jcif;ESifhqkdifaomtjypf-taoaumifudkxdrdjcif;?
59
npfnL;aomt&mudkxdrdjcif;ESihfod&Sdjcif;jzihfoufqkdifonf/ urmavmu aexkdif
touf&Sif&aomuREfkyfwdkYywf0ef;usif npfnL;rIrsm; 0dkif;&Hvsuf &Sdonf/ odjzpfap?
rodjzpfap? xdrdvQif awmif;yef&rnf/
0wfjyK&m 5;2 wpHkwa,mufaomolonf

rpifMu,faomom;&J?
om;,mOf? wGm;wwfaom wd&dpmef\ taoaumif tp&Sdaom
rpifMu,faomt&m wpHk wpfckudk trSwfwrJhxdrdojzifh rpifMu,f&mokdY
a&muf tjypf&Sdaomfif;?
*wdzsufjcif;ESifhqkdifaomtjypf-bk&m;ocifonf*wdESihfywfoufckdifrmpGm
oabmxm;onf
udk,fhpum;udkudk,fwm0efr,lvQif bk&m;ocifudk,HkMunfjcif;ESihf ,HkMunfjcif; udk
apmifha&Smufjcif;tvdkYiSmjzpfEkdifygrnfvm;/ olYpum;udk,Hk&eftaMumif;wck om &Sdyg
udk,fhudkvnf; olwyg;,HkEkdif&efjzpfygonf/ uREfkyfwdkYpum;ESihf ywfouf vlrsm;udk
avhvm &rnf/ uREfkyfwdkYajym onfhtwkdif;vkyf&rnf/
0wfjyK&m 5;4 wpfpHkwpfa,mufaomolonf

aumif;aomtrI
raumif;aom trIudk jyKrnf[k tusdK;tjypfudk rodbJusdefqkdvsuf
opmjyKav&m&m tjypf wpfpHkwcka&mufaomfif;?
awmvnf&m 30;2 vla,musfm;onf bk&m;ocifudk opmjyK aomf if; ?
ukd,fpdwf0dnmOf csnfaESmif usdefqkdjcif;udk jyKaomfif;? rdrd ajymaom
pum;udk rzsufbJ? rdrdEIwfxGuf&Sdonf twdkif;jyK&rnf/
xm0&bk&m;ESihfqkdifaomt&mwdkYjzihfywfoufaomtjypf
0wfjyK&m5;15 wpHkwa,mufaomolo nf w&m;udkrod

qkdifaom t&mwdkY vGefusK;jypfrSm;rdvQif?
xm0bk&m;ESifh
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rsm;wdkYawGYcJh&NyD;NyD?
t&mrsm;ESihf
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ayghqpGm
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rjyK&efvdkonf/Oyrm-bk&m;ocifu
rajymbJ
ESihf]]rif;udk'DvdkajymbdkYighudk bk&m;ocifuajymw,f}} wu,f rqkawmif;bJESihf]]
waeYudkigem&D0ufqkawmif;w,f}} ponfwdkYonf ocifbk&m;ESihfqkdifaom t&mrsm;
udk rav;pm;jcif;jzpfonf/
bk&m;&Sifay;xm;aomqkaus;Zl;rsm;udktvGJoHk;pm;jyKjcif;? q,fzdkYwzdkYESihf ylaZmf qufo
&rnfh t&mrsm;udkrdrdOpmuJhodkY rSwf,l odrf;xm;jcif;wdkYonfvnf; u@ wGifyg0if
ywfouf vsuf&Sdonf/
vspfvsLIjcif;ESihfqkdifaomtjypfbk&m;ESihfqkdfifaomt&mwdkYrodbJESihf
tjypfjzpf oG m;vQifvnf; tjypf&Sd onf / vspfvsLI xm; r&ay/
0wfjyK&m 5;17
wpHkwa,mufaomolonf?
xm0&bk&m;
ynwfawmf rlaom trIwpHkwckudkj yK jypfrSm ;rdvQif? ukd,fjypfrSm;rSef;udk
rodaomf vnf; tjypfa &muf xdktjypfudkcH&rnf/
60
ocifbk&m;udkqefYusifusL;vGefaomtjypf-atmufwGifaz:jyxm;aom
t&mrsm;
udk
usL;vGefrdvQif
rdrd ESihfywfoufaom
vludkjypfrSm;onfomruocifbk&m;udkyg jypfrSm;jcif;jzpfonf/
0wfjyK&m6;2-3
wpHkwa,mufaomolonf
olwyg;tyfESHaom
OpmtwGuf aygifxm;aomOpmtwGuf?rdrdESifhpyfqkdifaomoltm; rkom
pum;udk ajymaomf if;? olYOpm udk tEkdiftxuf,laomfif;? rdrdESifh
pyfqkdifaomoludk vSnfhpm; aomfif;? aysmufaomOpmudk awGUaom tcg?
rkompum;udkajym
r[kwfrrSefbJ
usdefqkdaomfif;
xdkodkYaom
'kpdkufwpHkwpckudkjyK xm0&bk&m;udkjypfrSm;rdvQif?
-olwyg;tyfESHaomOpmtwGuf(odkYr[kwf)aygifxm;aomOpmtwGuf
rdrdESihfpyfqkdifaomoludk rkom;ajymrdvQif
-tmrcHjcif;ESihfywfouftjypfjyKjcif;
-vSnfhpm;jcif;ESihfywfouftjypfjyKjcif;
tEkdiftxuf(tMurf;zuf),ljcif;
olwyg;tyfESHaomOpm(odkYr[kwf)aysmufjyefawGUaomOpmESihfywfouf
vdrfnmjcif; ponfwdkYjzpfygonf/
jrnf 3;22?23 xm0&bk&m;onf

oem;awmfrl
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rukefaomaMumifhigwdkYonf qHk;IH;jcif;okdYra&mufbJ aeMu\/eHeufwkdif;
ukPmawmf topfudk cH&Mu\/ opm awmfonf BuD;jrwfyg\/
1/ wJawmf\ tykdif;okH;ykdif;onf rnfonfht&mukdykHaqmifoenf;
2/ oefY&Sif;&mXmexJ&Sdaom ypnf;okH;rsdK;onf rnfonfht&mukd ykHaqmifoenf;
3/ arT;BudKifaom,Zf okH;rsdK;ESifh rarT;BudKifaom,Zf ESpfrsdK;ukdaz:jyyg/
61
ycgESifha,I\,Zf qufpyfrI
"ra[mif;rSwfwrf;
"ropfrSwfwrf;
1/ tjypfuif;aMumif;ppfaq;&efumv 3 &ufcJG
xGuf12;3?5?6
a,m[ef18;38 3ESpfcJG
2/ ppfaq;cHNyD;aom okd;onf taoowfjcif;cH&rnf

xGuf12;6
a,m[ef 12;24 rJ 16;21
3/ oGef;aomtaoG;onf bk&m;\pD&ifjcif;ukdz,f&Sm;ay;onf
xGuf12;7?12?13
a[NAJ9;22 1 a,m 1;7
4/ vlonf u,fwifjcif;&&efwpkHwckjyKrl&rnf
xGuf12;22
a,m 3;16
5/ bk&m;\vlrsm;onf ,Zfaumif\tom;ukd atmufarhbkdY&efpm;&rnf

xGuf12;8-10
rmuk 14;22
6/ a,Ionf okd;oi,ftaeESifh olYtouftwGuftoem;rcHcJhyg

a[&Sm, 53;7
rJ 27;13?14
7/ a,IycgyJGusif;yonfhumvtwGif;taocHcJhonf
rmuk 14;12 ?15;6
8/ycgokd;\tkd;wpfacsmif;rQrusdK;&
xGuf 12;46?awmvnf&m 9;12
a,m 19;33-36
9/ r,kHMunfolrsm;onf ,Zfaumif\tom;ukd rpm;&

xGuf 12;43?45?48
1aum 10;21
10/ c&pfawmfonfuREkfyfwkdU\ycgokd;oi,fjzpfonf
1aum 5;7
11/ a,I vlrsm;ycgyJGusif;yonfhNrdKUwGiftaocHcJhonf

w&m;a[m&m 16;2? 4&m 23;27
rmuk 10;33
Dr. Jack Tuls pkpnf;wifjyonf
62
oifcef;pm (6)
bk&if? ,Zfyka&m[dwfESihfyGJawmfrsm;
yGJawmfrsm;onfoa&vorkdif;BuD;us,fpGmjzpfysufcJhrIrsm;udktrSwf&apNyD; a&SUwGif
jzpfysufvmrnfht&mrsm;udkBudKwif ya&mzufjyKajymaejcif;jzpfonf/ yGJawmfrsm;udk
oa&vvlrsdK;rsm;0rf;ajrmufpGmcsD;rGrf;usif;yMuonf/ yGJawmf 7 yGJ&SdNyD;4if;wdkYrSm
ycgyGJ
waq;rJhrkefYyGJ
tOD;oD;yGJ (aumufvdIif;csDvTJ&myGJ)
yifawuKawyGJ
wHydk;rIwfyGJ
tjypfajz&maeYyGJ
wJawmfyGJ wdkYjzpfMuonf/
ycgyGJ (Pesach)
(rSDjirf;-xGufajrmuf&m 12;1-14? 21? 29? 0wfjyK&m 23;4-5? awmvnf&m 33;3? w&m;a[m 16;1-8)
yJGawmfpm;jcif ;onfycgyJG
ukd
tpm;xkd;0ifa&mufvmonf/
tom;ukdpm;jcif;qkdonfrSm
c&pfawmf\ukd,fcEmukdpm;okH;
qufqHjcif;ukd ukd,fpm;jyKonf/
a,IonfeIwfuywfawmfjzpfonf/
,aeY uREkfyfwkdYonfbk&m;ocif\
EIwfuywfawmfukdpm;okH;jcif;tm;jzifh
a,I\tom;ukdpm;okH;Muonf/
a,m[efa&;cJh onfrSmtpOD;EIwfuywfawmf&Sd\/
EIwfuywfawmfonfbk&m;ocifESifh
twl&Sd\/EIwfuywfawmfonfvnf;
bk&m;ocifjzpfawmfrl\/...
EIwfuywfawmfonfvnf;vlZmwd
tjzpfukdcH,l aus;Zl;awmfESifhif;
opmawmfESifhif;igwkdYwGif
wnfaeawmfrlonf/
(a,m1;114u)
ycgyGJ\tprSmtJ*kwKjynfrSrxGufcGmrSDnwGifjzpfonf/zma&mbk&ifonfoa&vvl
rsdK;rsm;udkrvTwfaomaMumifh
ab;'PfwckNyD;wck
usa&mufum
aemufqHk;
om;OD;rsm;udkowfrnfhnwGif oa&vvlrsdK;rsm;tm; bk&m;ocifonfarma&SrSwqihf
TefMum;csufw&yfxkwfjyefcJhonf/
odk;waumifudkowftaoG;udktdrfwHcg;xkyfEiS hfwHcg;wkdifESpfzufwdkY xdk;okwf&rnf/
vuf0g;uyfwkdifudkyHkaqmifonf/odk;rSmc&pfawmfudkyHkaqmifonf[kkyfyifGefYwpD;udk
toHk;jyK aoG;udkxdk;okwf&onf/ c&pfawmf\xdk;azguf cH&NyD;rS taoG;oGef;jcif;
udkyHkaqmifonf/ tom;udkcg;aom[if;oD;[if;&Guf? waq;rJhrkefYwdkYjzihfpm;&onf/
c&pfawmf\ cHpm;&rIrsm;ESihf tjypfuif;pifonfhtoufwmudkyHkaqmifonf/
wHcg;wkdif?xkyfwdkYokwfxm;onfhaoG;udkjrifaomtcg om;OD;rsm;udkowfrnfh aojcif;
0dnmOfonfxdktdrfudkausmfvGefoGm;onf/,aeYvnf;uREfkyfwdkYa&G;cs,f&ayrnf/a,Iudk
vufcHrvm;? jiif;y,frvm;
a,m[ef 3;16-18 bk&m;ocif\ om;awmfudk ,HkMunfaomol taygif;

wdkYonf
ysufqD;jcif;okdYra&muf
xm0&toufudk
&apjcif;iSg?
bk&m;ocifonf
rdrd
wyg;wnf;aomom;awmfudk
pGefYawmfrl
onfhwdkifatmif avmuDom;wdkYu dk cspfawmfrl\/
avmuDom;wdkYtm;
tjypfpD&ifjcif;iSg?bk&m;ocifonf
om;awmfudk
avmuokdY apvTwfawmfrlonfr[kwf/ avmuDom;wdkYonf udk,fawmf
tm;jzifhu,fwifjcif;okdY
a&mufrnfhtaMumif;apvTwfawmfrl\/
63
om;awmfudk ,HkMunfaomolonf tjypfpD&ifjcif;udkrcH&/ r,HkMunfaom

olrlum;? bk&m;ocif wyg;wnf;aom om;awmfudk r,HkMunfaom
aMumifh ,ckyif tjypfpD&ifjcif;udk cH&\/
ycgyGJonf uRefb0rS vGwfajrmufvmrIudk owday; (owd&ap)NyD; c&pfawmf\
udk,fpm; taocHjcif;tm;jzihfaMumufp&maumif;aomtjypfpD&ifjcif;rSvGwfajrmufrIudk
az:jyonf/
waq;rJhrkefYyGJ (tZkr-Hag - Ha-matzoh)

(rSDjirf;-xGufajrmuf&m 12;8-15-20-31-39? xGufajrmuf&m 13;3-10 0wfjyK&m 23;6-8? awmvnf&m
28;25? w&m;a[m 16;12-8)
waq;rJhrkefYyGJwGifwaq;rygaomrkefYudk 7 &ufqufwdkufpm;&onf/ waq;qdkonfrSm

rSm;,Gif;aomMo0g'ESihftjypfpw
G fpGJrIrsm;udk&nfTef; xdkt&mrsm;udka&Smifjcif;tm;jzihf
qufwdkufoefY&Sif;aeap&efjzpfonf/
tjypfESihfvHk;0ra&maESmonfha,Ic&pfawmfudkyHkaqmifonf/
1aum 5;7-8 oifwkdYonfwaq;rJhjzpfonfESifhtnD? topfaomrkefYpdrf;

jzpfrnf taMumif;? a[mif;aomwaq;udk okwfoify,f&Sif;Muavmh/
taMumif;rlum;?
c&pfawmfwnf;[laom
igwdkYyocgokd;oi,fonf
igwdkYtbdkY
,ZfylaZmf&m
jzpf\/xdkaMumifh?
a[mif;aomwaq;?
qdk;npfrkdufrJjcif; waq;wdkUudk y,fypf? waq;rJhrkefYwnf;[laom
MunfjzLjcif;? opmapmifhjcif;ESifh yGJcHMuukeftHh/
tOD;oD;yGJ (aumufvdIif;csDvTJ&myGJ)
Bikkurin
(rSDjirf;-0wfjyK&m 23;9-14)
yGJudk*wdawmfajrodkY0ifaomtcgpwifusif;yMuonf/
awmxJvnfaecsdefrSm
pdkufysdK;jcif;? &dwfodrf;jcif;r&Sday/ yGJudkaqmif;OD;umvrSmusif;yjyKvkyfMuonf/
usif;yyHkrSmxm0&bk&m;a&SUawmfarSmufwGifpyg;cif;tv,f tOD;oD; aumufvdIif;udk
csDvJTcsjcif;jzpfonf/tOD;oD;onftjrJwrf;taumifqHk;udkqdv
k dkNyD;aumufvdIif;pnf;onf
0if;rSnfhaeaompyg;cif;udkqdkvdkonf/yGJonfbk&m;ocif\aus;Zl;awmfudkcsD;rGrf;jcif;
jzpfonf/ a,IonftOD;oD;jzpf uREfkyfwdkYonf &dwfodrf;&ef toihf&Sdaeaom
aumufvdIif;rsm;jzpfonf/
1aum 15;20-21 ,ckrlum;?c&pfawmfonf aojcif;rS xajrmuf

awmfrl ? tdyfaysmfaomolwdkYwGif tOD;oD; aomtoD; jzpfawmfrlNyD/
okdYjzpf vltm;jzifh aojcif;w&m;onf wnfouJhokdY? aoaomolwdkY\
xajrmufjcif;w&m;onf vltm;jzifhwnfvsuf&Sd\/
yifawukawyGJ
(Slavuot)
(rSDjirf;-xGufajrmuf&m 19? 20? 24? xGufajrmuf&m 23;16-17? 0wfjyK&m 23;15-21? awmvnf&m 28;2631? w&ma[m 16;9-12)
oa&vvlrsdK;rsm;odeawmifodkYa&muf&Sdynwfw&m;rsm;udk&&SdNyD; yifawukawyGJudk
usif;y&efjzpfonf/ tJ*kwKjynfrSxGufcGmNyD;&uf ig;q,ftMumrSmjzpfonf/
64
csDvTJ&mrkefYESpfvHk;onf"ra[mif;umv,HkMunfolrsm;ESihf "ropfumv,HkMunfolrsm;udk
qdkvdkNyD;rkefYonf a,Ic&pfawmf\ csdK;zJhcH&jcif;udkqdkvdkonf/ "ra[mif;umv
,HkMunfolwdkYonf ay:aygufvmrnfh u,fwif&Sifar&Sd,udk ajrmfvifhvsuf wzef
a,Ic&pf awmf&Sifjyefxajrmuf&maeYwGif y&'dokbHkrSaumif;uifbHkodkY a&TUajymif;
Mu&efajrmfvihfonf/,aeY uREfkyfwdkY\,HkMunfjcif;onf twdwfudkjyefMunfh ,HkMunf
jcif; jzpfonf/
xdkYaMumifh,HkMunfjcif;wGif vGefcJhNyD;aomt&mudk,Hkjcif;ESihf a&SUrSjzpfvmrnfh t&mudk
,Hkjcif;wdkYyg0ifywfoufvsuf&Sdonf/
yifawukawyGJonf oefY&Sif;aom0dnmOfawmfjzihfjynfh0jcif;udkajym wrefawmf0wK
tcef;BuD;(2)rSjynfhpHkonf/
wrefawmf 2;1-4 yifawukawyGJaeYa&mufaomtcg xdkoltaygif;wkd Y

onf wnDwGwfwnf; pnf;a0;aeMu\/ xdktcg avjyif;rkefwkdif;
uJhokdYaom toHonfwcPjcif;wGif aumif;uifrSmvm? xdkolwdkY
aexdkifaom tdrfudkjznfhav\/ xdkcPjcif;wGif uGJjym;aomvQmwdkYonf
rD;vQmuJhodkY
xif&Sm ;?
xdkoltoD;oD; wdkYay:
wnfaeMu\/
xdkoltaygif;wdkYonfvnf;
oefY&Sif;aom0dnmOfawmfESifh
jynfh?
0dnmOfawmfonf
a[majymaomtcGifhudk
ay;awmfrlonfhtwkdif;
trsdK;rsdK;aombmompum;tm;jzifh a[majymMu\/
oefY&Sif;aom0dnmOfawmfjzihfjynfh0csdefrSmausmufjym;ay:rSynwfawmfrsm;onf,HkMunf
ol\ ESvHk;om;xJodkY a&TUajymif;a&muf&Sd vmonf/
2aum 3;2-3 oifwdkYonf

igwdkYpdwfESvHk;ay:
a&;xm;aompm?
vltaygif; wdkY
odzwfwwfaomigwdYkpmyifjzpfMuownf;/tb,fokdYenf; [lrlum;?oifwdkY
onf
rSifESifh
a&;xm;aompmr[kwf/
touf&Sifawmfrlaombk&m;ocif\0dnmOfawmf
ESifh
a&;if; ?
ausmufjym;ay:ra&;bJ tom;ESifhjynfhpHkaom ESvHk;jym;ay: a&;if;?
igwkdYjyKpkaom c&pfawmf\pm xif&Sm;pGmjzpfMu\/
a[jAJ 10;15-16
xdkokdYESifhtnD oefY&Sif;aom 0dnmOfawmfonf
igwdkYtm; oufaoay;awmfrlonfrSm? Aemifumvtcg olwdYk igay;aom
y#dnmOfw&m; [lrlum;? igxm0&bk&m;onf ighynwfwdkYudk olwdYk
ESvHk;xJrSm ay;oGif;rnf/ olwdkYpdwf0dnmOfay:rSm a&;xm;rnf[k txufu
rdefYawmfrlNyD; rS?
wHydk;rIwfyGJ (Rosh Hashana)

wHydk;rIwfyGJudkem;vnf&efEIwfuywfawmfwJwGifwHydk;toHk;jyKyHkudkavhvmod&Sd&rnf/ode
awmifay:rSmarma&Sqif;vmaomtcg vlrsm;udk olwdkYudk,folwdkY oefY&Sif;atmif
aeaponf/
65
xGufajrmuf&m 19;16 oHk;&ufajrmufaomaeY eHeuftcsdef? awmifay:rSm

rdkCf;wdrfwkduf vTrf;rdk; BuD;aomtoHESi fh wHydk;jrnfojzifh? wyf&Sdaom
vltaygif; wdkYonf wkefvIyfMu\/
xdkYaemufaumif;uifxufrS rdkCf;BudK;oH? vQyfjyufjcif;ESihf wHydk;rIwfoHudkowday;oH
(&efolusL;ausmfvmaomtcg)taejzihfaomfvnf;aumif;? 0wfjyKudk;uG,f&ef (vmMujyyf0yfudk;uG,fMuukeftHh) Edk;aqmfoHtaejzihfaomfvnf;aumif; toHk;jyKonf/
wdkufyGJrSmrIwfvQifatmifyGJcHjcif;jzpfonf/
a,&rd 51;7 AmAkvkefNrdKUonf

xm0&bk&m;udkifawmfrl ajrBuD;
wjyifvHk;udk ,pfrl;apaom a&Tzvm;jzpf\/ xdkzvm; ygaompyspf&nfudk
vltrsdK;rsdK; wdkYonf aomuf tl;jzpfMu\/
a[&Sm, 58;1
toHravsmhbJ a<u;aMumfavmh/ wHydk;oHuJhodkYaom
toHudkvTifh? ,mukyftrsdK;om;jzpfaom ig\vlwdkYtm;? olwdkY'kpkduf
tjypfudk azmfjyavmh/
Asm'dwfusrf;rSwHydk;rIwfoHonfbk&m;ocif\pum;udkajymMum;aomya&mzufjyKonfhwH
ydk;rIwfoHjzpfonf/ ,aeYwHydk;rIwfoHonf &dwfodrf;&efac:aeaom toHjzpfonf/
aemufqHk;wHydk;rIwfoH
1aum 15;51-54 eufeJaom

t&mwpfckudk
igjyOD;rnf/
igwdkY&SdorQonf tdyfaysmf&Murnf r[kwf/ okdYaomfvnf;? aemufqHk; aom
wHydk;rIwfaomtcg? wcPjcif; wGif rsufpdwrSdwf igwdkY&SdorQonf
ajymif;vJjcif;odkYa&muf&Murnf/
xdkwHydk;rIwfcsdefa&mufaomtcg?
aovGefaom olwdkYonf? rykyfEkdifaom tjzpfwnfvsuf xajrmuf
igwdkY&SdorQonf
ajymif;vJjcif; okdYa&muf&Murnf/
,ckrsufarSmuf
ykyfwwfaomt&monf
rykyfEkdifaomtjzpfokdY0ifpm;&rnf/
,ck
rsufarSmuf aowwfaomt&monf raoEkdifaomtjzpfodkY0ifpm;&rnf/
ykyfwwfaomt&monf rykyfEkdifaomtjzpfokdYif;? aowwfaom
t&monf raoEkdifaomtjzpfokdYif;? 0ifpm;aomtcg? aojcif;onf
atmifjcif; epfjrLyfNyD[k usrf;pmvmcsufjynfhpHkvdrfhrnf/
yocgyGJonfa,ItaocHjcif;udkqdkvdkNyD;yifawukawyGJonf oefY&Sif;aom0dnmOfawmf
<uvmjcif;udkaz:jy wHydk;rIwfyGJonf a,Iwzefjyef<uvmrnfudk ajymaeonf/
xdkYaMumifhwHydk;rIwfyGJrNyD;ao;aMumif;em;vnf&onf/
tjypfajz&maeYyGJ
(Yom kippur)
(rSDjirf;-0wfjyK&m 23;26-32)
tjypfajz&maeYyGJonf wESpfwGifwBudrftoefY&Sif;qHk;XmexJodkY,Zfyka&m[dwfrif;0if
vlwdkYtjypfajz&m,ZfudkylaZmfcsdefwGif usif;yonfh wESpfvHk; txGwftjrwfxm;aom
tHhMozG,f&myGJjzpfonf/
66
taoG;oGef;jcif;
odk;oli,f\ taoG;oGef;jcif;onf a,I\tjypfajz&ef taoG;oGef;jcif;udk
qdkvdkonf/ ,Zfya&m[dwfrif; *kPmyvifa&SUrSmtaoG;jzef;jcif;tm;jzihftjypfrsm;udk
uREfkyfwdkYESihf a0;aponf/
qmvH103;12
ta&SUrsufESmpGef;onftaemufrsufESmpGef;ESifha0;onfh
twdkif; igwdkYtjypfrsm;udk igwdkYESifha0;apawmfrl\/
tvTwfcH&aomqdwf
0wfjyK&m 16;10?21?22
vGwfvyfv[mtzdkYpma&;wHusaomqdwfudk?
touf&Sif vsuf xm0&bk&m;a&SUawmf quf? olYtay:rSm tjypf
ajzjcif;udk jyKNyD;vQif? awm vGwfvyfv[mokdYvTwfvdkuf&rnf/
towfcH&aomqdwf - a,Ic&pfawmf
tvTwfcH&aomqdwf - uREfkyf
a,m[ef 1;29
avmu\tjypfudkaqmifoGm;aombk&m;ocif\
okd;oli,f udk Munfhavmh/
tpm;xdk;jcif;
a[&Sm, 53;8-12 rw&m;pGmpD&ifjcif;tm;jzifh

olYudkxkwfoGm;Mu\/
touf&SifaomolwdkY\ae&mrSolYudkokwfoify,f&Sif;onfj zpf?ol\trsdK;
tEG,f
udk
tb,foljyTefrnfenf;/
ig\vlrsdK;tjypfaMumifh
'Pfcwfawmfrljcif;
udkcHav\/jypfrSm;jcif;udk
rjyK/
ol\EIwf
rkomr&Sdaomfvnf;?
vlqkd;wdkYESifh twl
ajrjryfjcif;iSg
pD&ifMu\/
okdY&mwGifaoNyD;rS olaX;&Sd\/ xm0&bbk&m;onf olYudk ESdyfpufjcif;iSg
tvdkawmf&Sdemapawmfrl\/ olonftjypfajzaom,Zfudk ylaZmfN yD;rS
trsdK;tEG,fawmfudkjrif&vdrfhrnf/
toufawmfvnf;
&Snfvdrfhrnf/
xm0&bk&m;\
tBuHtpnfawmfvnf;
ol\vuf
jynfhpHkjcif;
odkYa&mufvdrfhrnf/ rdrdpdwf 0dnmOfcH&aom a0'emtusdK;udk rdrdjrif
tm;&vdrfhrnf/ xdkajzmifhrwfaom ig\uRefudkoduRrf;jcif;tm;jzifh? ?
olonf trsm;aomolwdkYudk ajzmifhrwf&mwnfapvdrfhrnf/ olwdkY\
tjypfudk udk,fwdkifaqmif&Guf&\/ xdkok dYrdrdtoufudk aojcif;oGef;?
rw&m;aomolwkdYESifh a&wGuf0ifjcif;odkY a&mufojzihf? vlrsm;wdkY\
tjypfudkaqmif&Guf? rw&m;aomolwdkYtbdkY awmif;yefaomaMumifh?
vlBuD;wdkYudk ol\ tbdkY jzpfapjcif;iSg igcGJrnf/ tpGrf;owd&SdaomolwdkYukd
ol\ vuf& OpmuJhokdY? udk,fwkdif a0zef&aom tcGifh &Sdvdrfhrnf/
qmvH88;3-7
tuREkfyf\0dnmOfonf'kuESifhj ynfh?toufonfvnf;
r&PEkdifiH teD;okdYa&mufygNyD/ tuREfkyfo nf ocsKif;wGif; xJokdYqif;aom
olwdkYESifhtwl a&wGuf0ifjcif;okdYa&mufyg\/tm;ukefaomoluJhodkYjzpfyg\/
taoaumifwdkYwGif
ypfxm;aomol?
uGyfrsuf
ocsKif;wGif;
67
tdyfaeaom olwnf;[laom atmufarhawmfrrl? vufawmf\ rpjcif; ESifh

a0;uGmaomoluJhokdYjzpfyg\/
tuREkfyfudkteufqHk;aomwGif;? arSm ifrdkufzHk; vTrf; tvGefeufeJaom
t&yf csxm;awmfrlNyD/ trsufawmf onf tuREfkyftay: zdvsuf&Sdyg\/
vIdif;wHydk;awmf taygif;wdkYESifhESdyfpufawmfrl\/
rdum 7;19 udk,fawmfonf tuREkfyfwdkYu dk wzefoem;? tuREfkyfwkdY\
'kpkduf&SdorQwdkYudk
ausmfeif;awmfrlvdrfhrnf/
tuREfkyfwdkY\
tjypftvHk;pHkwdkYudk eufeJaom yifv,fxJokdYcsypfawmfrlvdrfhrnf/
a[jAJ 9;11?12
,ckrSm
vlvufjzifhrvkyf?
avmu"gwfESifh
rpyfqkdif? omBuD;jrwfpHkvifaom wJawmf? aemufr*Fvm tusdK;wdkY\
,Zfyka&m[dwfrif;jzpfaom c&pfawmfonf? igwdkYtbkdY xm0&a&G;EIwfjcif;
aus;Zl;udkcH&
qdwftaoG;?
EGm;uav;taoG; ESifhr[kwf?
rdrd
taoG;awmfESifh oefY&Sif; &mXmexJokdY wcgwnf;0ifawmfrl\/
tjypfajz&maeYyGJonf oa&vwEkdifiHvHk;ajymif;vJvm&efjzpfonf/
Zmc&d12;10 aus;Zl;awmfudkcHaomoabm?qkawmif;yXemjyKaomoabm
udk 'g0d'frif;rsdK;? a,k&SvifNrdKUom;wkdY tay:odkY igoGef;avmif;ojzifh?
olwdkYonf rdrdwdkYxdk;azgufaomighudk Ijrif&Muvdrfhrnf/ wa,muf
wnf;aom om;twGuf tbonfidka<u;jrnfwrf;ouJhokdY? xdkoltwGuf
idka<u;jrnfwrf;&Muvdrfhrnf/ om;OD;twGuf tbonfemMunf;ouJhokd Y
emMunf;&Muvdrfhrnf/
wJawmfyGJ-ouaeyGJ
(Succoth)
(rSDjirf;-0wfjyK&m 23;33-34? w&m;a[m 16;13-14? ae[rd 8;13-18)
*wdawmfajrxJrSmusif;yaomyGJjzpfonf/ yGJusif;yyHkrSm rdrdwdkYtdrfxJrSxGufMuNyD;

pGefyvGefcufrsm;? rdk;rcyif t&Gufrsm;aom tyif\tudkif;tcufrsm;jzihf jcHKrsm;
wJrsm;vkyf ckepf&ufwkdifwdkif&Tifvef;pGmae&onf/ t"dyg,frSm awmxJrSm
vnfaecJh&onfudk owd&bdkY&efESihf *wdawmfjynfodkY bk&m;ocifac:aqmifvmjcif;
aMumifh &Tifvef;jcif;jzpfonf/
xdkyGJudkcHaemufqHk;jzpfaomaeYjrwfa,Ionf &yfa<u;aMumfawmfrlonfum;
a,m[ef 7;37c
a&iwfaomol&SdvQif ighxHokdYvmaomufavmh/
wJawmfyGJonf a,I c&pf&Sdaom uREfkyfwdkY\ xm0&umv touf&Sif&aom

toufwmudkajymaeonf/
avmuonf ,m,Domjzpf avmu ,m,DwJrSm xm0&touf &,lydkifqkdif
xm;aom uREfkyfwdkYb,fvdkyHkpHESihftouf&SifrnfvJ wJawmfyGJonf oa&v
trsdK;om;rsm;ajrmfvifhaeaomwdkufcdkufjcif; kef;uefjcif;r&Sdonfh tESpfwpfaxmif
umvudkazmfjy (7)&ufajrmufaomaeYonf aemufqHk;EkdifiHudk c&pfawmftkyfpdk;aom
tcsdefjzpfonf/
68
tcsdKU,HkMunfolrsm;uycgyGJ&yfaeMuonf?tcsdKUuyifawukawyGJ&yfaeMuonf/
ajray:rSmbk&m;ocif\ EkdifiHawmfuREfkyfwdkYtm;jzihfwnfaxmif&ef tcGihftmPm
tjynfhjzihf tkyfpdk;&ef yGJawmftm;vHk;udk uREfkyfwdkYtoufwmwGif usif;y&ayvdrfhrnf/
xm0&bk&ifESihf,Zfyka&m[dwf
uREfkyfwdkY\0dnmOfa&;&mqufuyfpGefYvTwfrI
uREfkyfwdkY\ukd,fcEm
a&mr 12;1 nDtpfudkwdkY touf&Sifj cif;vuPm? oefY&Sif;jcif;vuPm?
bk&m;ocifESpfoufawmfrlbG,faomvuPmESihfjynfhpHkaom,ZfudkoifwdkY
onf ylaZmfrdrdukd,fcEmudkbk&m;ociftm; qufuyfj cif;wnf;[laom
oifwdkYjyKtyfaom0wfudkjyKrnftaMumif;?bk&m;ocif\*kPmawmfudkax
mufxm;oifwdkYudk igwdkufwGef;EId;aqmfay\/
uREfkyfwdkY\ay;urf;jcif;
zdvdyd 4;18 ,cktcgt&m&mig&wwf\ Opm<u,f0\? arT;BudKifaom
teHYESihf jynfhpHkbk&m;ocifESpfouf tm;&awmfrlaom,Zfwnf;[laom
oifwdkYay;vdkufaomt&mwdkYudk {yjzm'dwfvufrSigcH&onfj zpf <u,f0
vsuf &Sd\/
uREfkyfwdkY\csD;rGrf;jcif;
a[jAJ 13;15 xdkYaMumifhigwdkYonf bk &m;ocif\aus;Zl;awmfudk0efcHvsuf?
EIwfcrf;toD;wnf;[laomcsD;rGrf;jcif;,Zfudkocifa,Ic&pftm;jzihf bk&m;
ocifh a&SUawmftpOfylaZmfMuukeftHh/
qmvH116;17 aus;Zl;awmf csD;rGrf;&m,Zfudk a&SUawmfylaZmf xm0&
bk&m;\ emrawmfudkyXemjyK&rnf/
vufajrmufjcif;
qmvH141;2
tuREfkyf\yXemonf
rD; dIUaomeHYomaygif;uJhodkY4if;?
vufudk csDjcif;onfnOD;xHylaZmfoumuJhodkY4if;?a&SUawmfjyifqifvsuf
&Sdygapaom/
ajzmifhrwfjcif;
qmvH 4;5
w&m;ojzihf,ZfylaZmf xm0&bk&m;udk udk;pm;Muavmh/
0rf;ajrmufjcif;
qmvH51;8 pdwfoufom 0rf;ajrmufjcif; &SdrnftaMumif; pum;ukd

tuREfkyf tm; Mum;apawmfrlyg/
usdK;yJhaMurGaomESvHk;om;
69
qmvH 51;17 bk&m;ocif ESpfoufa wmfrlaom,Zfrlum;?usdK;yJhaMurGaom

pdwfaywnf; / tdkbk&m;ocif udk,fawmfonf usdK;yJhaMurGaomESvHk; udk
jiif;y,f awmfrrlwwfyg/
"ra[mif;umvbk&ifESihf ,Zfyka&m[dfwfrsm;udk em;vnf&ef ta&;BuD;onf/ tb,f
aMumifhqdkaomf,aeYuREfkyfwdkYonfxm0& bk&ifESihf ,Zfyka&m[dwfrsm; jzpfaom
aMumifhyif/
Asm'dwf 1;6 rdrdcrnf;awmfbk&m;ocifa&Su igwdkYudk&Sifbk&ift&m

4if;? ,Zfyka&m[dwft&m4if; cefYxm;awmfrlaomolonf urm
tqufquf bkef;toa&? tpGrf;owd&dSawmfrlapownf;/ tmrif
a&S;OD;pGmrdrdtoufwmudkrdrdtkyfpdk;Ekdif&rnf/
a&mr 5;17 xdkrSwyg;? vlwa,mufonf jypfrSm;aomaMumifh? xdk

wa,muf aomoltm;jzifholtm;jzifh aojcif;w&m;onf tpdk;&\/
aus;Zl;awmf\ <u,f0jcif;udkif;? ajzmifhrwf&mokdY oGif;ay;awmfrl
jcif;udkif; cH&aomolwdkYonf wa,mufaomoltm;jzifh touf&Sifvsuf
ompdk;pH&MuvwhhH/
NyD;rSuREfkyfwdkYoufaocHcsufrsm;jzihfrdom;pkrSwqihfjyifywGiftkyfpdk;&rnf/
qmvH 111;6 trIawmfwdkY &Sdaomwefcdk;udk rdrd wdkYvltm;jzifhjy? wyg;

trsdK;om;wdkY\ tarGudkay;awmfrl\/
ocifa,I'kwd,tBudrfjyefvmNyD;ajrBuD;ay:rSmtESpfwpfaxmiftkyfpdk;aomtcguREfkyf
wdkYvnf; olESihftwl tkyfpdk;&rnf/
Asm'dwf2;26?27 tMuifolonfatmifjrif?tqHk;wkdifatmifightusifhudk
usifh\? ighcrnf;awmfonf ightm;tcGifhay;awmfrlouJhokdY? vlrsdK;wdkYudk
tkyfpkd; apjcif;iSg xdk oltm;igonftcGifhay;rnf/
1aum 6;2?3 oefY&Sif;olwdkYonf
avmuDEdkifiHudk
w&m;pD&ifrnf[k
rodMu oavm/ oifwkdYonf avmuDEkdifiHudk pD&if&onfrSefvQif ?
ti,fqHk;aom
trI
rsm;udk
rpD&iftyfoavm/igwdkYonf
aumif;uifwrefwdkYudk w&m;pD&ifrnf [k rodMuoavm/ okdYj zpf
avmuDtrIudkpD&ifxdkufonf r[kwfavm/
aysmufqHk;aeaom0dnmOfrsm;twGuf uREfkyfwdkYonf bk&m;ocif\ ,Zfyka&m[dwf
rsm;jzpfonf/ xdkYaMumifhav0dvlwdkY\,Zf yka&m[dwf trIaqmifjcif;udk avhvm
od&Sd&rnf/
av0d\,Zfyka&m[dwftrIaqmifjcif;
av0dtrsdK;onfbk&m;ocif\trIudkaqmif&Gu&f efoD;oefYz,fxm;jcif; cH&aomtrsdK;
jzpfonf/ woD;yk*va&G;cs,fcefYxm;jcif;r[kwf? av0dtrsdK;rSm arG;vmvQif
,Zfyka&m[dwfomjzpf&rnf/
70
a,Ionf,Zfyka&m[dwfrif;BuD;jzpfonf/olYae&mudkuREfkyfwdkY0ifr&/odkYaomfavhvm
p&m rsm;pGm&Sdonf/
a[jAJ 9;7 'kwd,wJawmftwGif;okdY ,Zfyka&m[dwfrif;wyg;wnf; om

rdrdtjypfaMumifhif;?
vlrsm;tjypfaMumifhif;?
ylaZmfaomtaoG;ukd
aqmif wESpfvQif wcgom0if&\/
ol0wfaomt0wfwefqmyifavhvmp&mrsm;&Sdaeonf/
ynwfcsufrsm;ay;uwnf;u av0dvlonf,Zfyka&m[dwfjzpfbdodwfcH&onf/odkYaomf
a,Ionftmkef\trsdK;? av0dtrsdK; tEG,frSr[kwf? ,k'trsdK;'g0d'ftEG,fjzpfonf/
arvcdaZ'ufrwkdifrSDuyif ,Zfyka&m[dwfjzpfonf/
av0dtrIaqmifjcif;onf ynwfw&m;twkdif;vkyaqmifjcif;jzpfonf/
a[jAJ 7;16 xdk,Zfyka&m[dwfonf

ukd,fcEmESifh
pyfqkdifaom
w&m;twdkif; cefYxm;vsuf&Sdonfr[kwf/ xm0&touf\ wefcdk;
tmEkabmf twdkif; cefYxm; vsuf&Sdownf;/
taoG;tom;onf ,m,Domjzpfonf/ av0dvlonf ,m,DtrIaqmifjcif;om
jzpfonf/ xdkYaMumifhwBudrfNyD;wBudrf trIaqmif ae&onf/
arvcdaZ'uf
arcvdaZ'ufb,folvJ
urmOD; 14;18-20 tjrihfqHk;aombk&m;ocif\
,Zfyka&m[dwfrif;
jzpfaom? &Smvifrif;BuD; arvcdaZ'ufonfvnf;? rkefYESifhpyspf&nfudk
aqmifcJhNyD; vQif? aumif;uifajrBuD; t&Sif? tjrifhqHk;aombk&m;ocifonf
tmNAHtm; aumif;BuD; ay;awmfrlygapaom[k? tmNAHudkaumif;BuD;ay;?
oif\&efolwdkYudk
oif\vuftyfESHawmfrlaom?
tjrihfqHk;aom
bk&m;ocif onfvnf;? r*Fvm &Sdawmfrlapownf; [k >rwfqdk\/
tmNAHonfvnf; Opm&SdorQ wdkYudk xdkrif;tm; q,fbdkYwpfbdkYvSLav\/
arvcdaZ'ufonf bk&ifvnf;jzpfonf/ ,Zfyka&m[dwfvnf;jzpfonf/
a[jAJ 7;1-3 rif;BuD;rsm;udk

vkyfBuH&mrSjyefvmaom
tmNAH[Hudk
c&D;OD;BudKjyK aumif;BuD;ay;NyD;vQif? tmNAH[HvSLaom vuf&Opm&SdorQudk
q,fbdkYwpfbdkY
cH,l
aom
xdk&Smvifrif;BuD;wnf;[laom
tjrifhqHk;aombk&m;ocif\,Zfy ka&m[dwf
arvcdaZ'ufonf?
emr&if;teuftm;jzifh w&m;rif;? xdkrSm wyg;? Nidrfoufjcif; rif;[k
qkdvdkaom &Smvifrif;jzpfbl;vsuf? tbr&Sd? trdr&Sd? a&S;rsdK;pOfr&Sd?
touf
tykdif; tjcm;r&SdbJ?
bk&m;ocif\
om;awmfESifhwl?
,Zfyka&m[dwf t&m tpOftNrJwnf\/
arvcdaZ'ufonftazr&Sd?tarr&Sd? rsdK;dk;r&Sd touftydkif;tjcm;r&Sd? xdkYaMumifh
"ra[mif;umvwGif a,Ixif&Sm;jyjcif; [k,lq&onf/
71
b,favmufBuD;us,fjrihfjrwfovJ
a[jAJ7;4-7 trsdK;\tbtmjA[Honfvuf&Opmrsm;udkq,fbdkYwbdkYvSL
tvSLcHaomxdkrif;onf tb,frQavmufBuD;jrwfonfudk qifjcifMuavmh/
,Zfyka&m[dwft&mudkcHaom av0dom;wdkYonf tmNAH[H trsdK;jzpfaom
olwnf;[laom?
rdrdwdkYnDtpfudkrsm;vufrS
ynwfw&m;twdkif;
q,fbdkYwpfbdkY udkcH&aomtcGifh&SdMu\/ olwdkYtrsdK;rS r[kwfaom
xdkrif;rlum;? tmjA[H\ vufrSq ,fbkdYwpfbdkYudkcHav\/ *wdawmfwdkYudk
cH&aomoludkvnf;
aumif;BuD;
ay;av\/
BuD;aomolonf
i,faomoludk aumif;BuD;ay;wwf onfudk jiif;cHkzG,fr&Sd/
'g0d'f\ya&mzufjyKcsuf
xm0&bk&m;uoifonfarvcdaZ'ufenf;wlxm0&,Zfyka&m[dwfjzpfonf[kusdefqdk
aemufwzefpdwfajymif;vJjcif;&Sdawmfrrl/
qmvH 110;4 xm0&bk&m;u? oifonf arvcdaZ'ufenf; wl xm0&

,Zfyka&m[dwfjzpfonf[k
usdefqkd?
aemufwzefpdwfajymif;vJj cif;
&Sdawmfrrl/
a[jAJrSmtwnfjyKonf
xdkodkYESihftnDusrf;pmwcsufvmonfum;? oifonf arvcdaZ'ufenf;wl xm0&
,Zfyka&m[dwfjzpfonf[kvmownf;/
a[jAJ5;6-10
xdkokdYESifhtnDusrf;pmwcsufvmonfum;oifonf
arvcdaZ'uf enf;wl xm0&,Zfyka&m[dwf jzpfonf[kvmownf;/
xdkc&pfawmfonf vlZmwd tjzpf aepOfumv? aojcif;rS u,fvTwfEkdif
awmfrlaom oludk ? BuD;pGmaom a<u;aMumfjcif;? rsuf&nfusjcif;ESifh
qkawmif;yXemjyKojzifh?
aMumuf&GYHU&mtrI
csrf;om&onfjzpf?
bk&m;ocif\om;awmfrSefaomfvnf;? qif;&J'kuudk cHaom tm;jzifh
em;axmifjcif; tusdK;taMumif;udkoifawmfrl\/ xdkokdY pHkvifjcif;okdY
a&mufNyD;rS?,HkMunfem;axmifaomoltaygif;wdkYtm; xm0&u,fwifjcif;
aus;Zl; udk jyKawmfrlaomol jzpfawmfrl? arvcdaZ'uf uJhokdYaom
,Zfyka&m[dwfrif; [k bk&m;ocif orkwfawmfrljcif;udk cH&\/
ynwfw&m;ESihf,Zfyka&m[dwftrIaqmifrIajymif;vJjcif;
,Zfyka&m[dwftrsdK;onf ajymif;vJvQifynwfw&m;onfrajymif;vJbJraeEkdif&m/
a[jAJ7;11-12 wenf;um;?av0drSqif;oufaom,Zfyka&m[dwftrsdK;ESifh
pyfqdkifvsufvlrsm;wdkYonfynwfw&m;awmfudkcH MuaomaMumifh? xdktrsdK;
tm;jzifh pHkvifjcif;odkYa&mufEkdifo nfrSefvQif? tjcm;aom ,Zfyka&m[dwf
onf? tmkefenf;wl rac:a0:bJ? arvcdaZ'ufenf;wl ay:xGef;p&m
taMumif;
tb,fokdY&Sdao;oenf;/
,Zfyka&m[dwftrsdK;onf
ajymif;vJvQif? ynwf w&m;onf rajymif;vJbJraeEkdif&m/
72
odkYaomfarvcdaZ'ufonf xm0&jzpfonf/
a[jAJ 7;24-27
a,Irlum; edpxm0& wnfaomaMumifh
rajymif;rvJ aom ,Zfyka&m[dwf&m cefYxm;vsuf&Sd\/ xdkaMumifh?
tMuifolwdkYonf a,Itm;jzifh bk&m;ocifhtxHawmfokdY csOf;uyfMu\/
xdkolwdkY\
trIudk
udk,fawmfonf
apmifhvsuf?
umvtpOftouf&SifaomaMumifh?
olwdkYukd
tpOfu,fwifjcif;iSgwwfEdkifawmfrl\/xdkokdYaom,Zfyka&m[dwfrif;onf
oefY&Sif;
pifMu,f
tnpftaMu;ESifh
uif;vGwfvsuf
tjypf&SdaomolwdkYESifh
rqufqH?
aumif;uifom;taygif;wdkYxuf
jrihfjrwfaomoljzpf?
igwdkYESifh
awmfoifh
awmfrl\/
tjcm;aom,Zfyka&m[dwfrif;wd kYonf
udk,ftjypfaMumifhif; ?
vlrsm;tjypfaMumifhif;?aeYwdkif;,ZfylaZmf&
ouJhodYk?
xdkocifonf
,ZfylaZmfp&m taMumif;r&Sd/ taMumif;rlum;? rdrdukd,fudk wcgwnf;
,ZfylaZmf xdktrIudk NyD;pD;apawmfrlNyD/
,aeY,Zfyka&m[dwf
"ra[mif;umv,Zfyka&m[dwfonf,Zfyka&m[dwftppf\t&dyfjzpfonf/,Zfyka&m
[dwf trIaqmifjcif;udk a,IujynfhpHk apcJhNyD;/
a,Ionfocif- uREfkyfwdkYvnf;ocif
a,Ionfbk&if - uREfkyfwdkYvnf;bk&if
Asm'dwf
1;6
rdrdcrnf;awmfbk&m;ocifha&Su
igwkdYudk
&Sifbk&ift&mif;? ,Zfyka&m[dwft&mif; cefYxm;awmfrlaomolonf?
urmtqufquf bkef; toa&? tpGrf;owd&Sdawmfrlapownf;/ tmrif/
Asm'dwf 17;14 olwdkYonf
okd;oi,fukdppfwkduf
okd;oi,fonf
Ekdifawmfrlrnf/ taMumif;rlum;? odk;oi,fonf ocifwdkY\ ocif?
bk&ifwdkY\ bk&if jzpfawmf rl\/ ukd,fa wmfESifhtwl&Sdaom olwdkYonfvnf;
ac:awmfrlaomol? a&G; cs,f awmfrl aomol? opm&SdaomoljzpfMu\/
1/ oa&vvlrsdK;\ yGJawmf ( 7 ) rsdK;ukd az:jyyg/
2/ wHykd;rIwfyJG\ ta&;BuD;ykHukdaz:jyyg/
3/
&Sifbk&if?
,Zfyka&m[dwfrsm;taeESifh
,aeYuREkfyfwkdY\
vkyfief;rsm;rSm
tb,fenf;
73
oifcef;pm (7)
"ra[mif;umvacgif;aqmifrsm;
"ra[mif;umvwGifol&Jaumif;rsm;pGm&SdcJhonf/olwdkYtaMumif;udkzwfHk?odHkrQjzihfbmrQ
jzpfvmrnfr[kwf/ olwdkYtaMumif; udkavhvmNyD; rdrdzmomrdrdjyefvnfppfaq;yg/
]]'DvlawGubmaMumifholrsm;xufxl;jcm;&wmvJ/ olwdkYxHrSbm&rvJ? olwdkYvkyfwm
awGubmaMumifhxif&Sm;&wmvJ? xdkol&Jaumif;rsm;xHrS&,lp&mrsm;pGm&Sdygonf/
a[jAJMo0g'pm(11)rSm xdkolrsm;\emrnfpm&if;udkawGY&ygrnf/ ,HkMunfjcif;qdkonfh
pum;vHk;udkvnf; xyfcgxyfcgawGU&yg vdrfhrnf/
a[jAJ 11;32-34
xdkrSwyg;? tb,fok dYajymp&m&Sdao;oenf;/ *da'gif?
&SHqHk? a,zo? 'g0d'f? &SarGvrSp ya&mzufwdkY taMumif;rsm;udk
ajymrukefEkdif/ xdkolwdkYonf ,HkMunfjcif;tm;jzifh
- tjcm;aom wdkif;EkdifiHudkatmifjcif;?
- w&m;ojzifhpD&ifjcif;?
- *wdawmfudk0ifpm;jcif;?
- jcaoFhEIwfudkydwfjcif;?
- rD;t&SdefudkNidrf;apjcif;?
- xm;vufeufab;ESifh uif;vGwfjcif;?
- temrS xajrmuf usef;rmjcif;?
- ppfwdkufaomtcg cGeftm;ESifhjynfhpHkjcif;?
- wyg;trsdK;om;wdkY\ wyfrsm;udk zsufqD;jcif; trIrsm;udk jyKMu\/
xdkolrsm;tm;vHk;\xl;jcm;aomwlnDonfhtcsufrSm ,HkMunfjcif;jzpfygonf/ xdkolrsm;
onf omrmefvlrsm;omjzpf udk,fpD udk,fpDtm;enf;csufrsm;&SdcJhygonf/ odkYaomf
xdktm;enf;csufrsm;udkausmfjzwf,HkMunfjcif;jzihftouf&SifcJhMuonf/
{aemuf-bk&m;ESihfoGm;vmol
(rSDjirf;-urmOD; 4;17-18? 5;19-25? ,k' 1;4)
raocJhol
a&vTrf;rdk;jcif; rjzpfrSD 365 ESpftouf&SifaexdkifcJhNyD; vlYorkdif;wGif tvGefyif
qdk;oGrf;aomtcsdef? a&jzihfzsufqD;jypf&onfh tajctaersdK;jzpfaecsdefwGif {aemuf
onf bk&m;ocifESihf oGm;vmcJholjzpfonf/
urmOD; 5;24 {aemufonf bk&m;ocifESifhtwloGm;vm\/ aemufwzef

olonf r&Sd/ taMumif;rlum;?bk&m;ocifodrf;,lawmfrlaomaMumifhwnf; /
{aemufrao&jcif;rSm ,HkMunfjcif;
rSwfwrf;wifxm;onf/
74
aMumifhjzpfaMumif;
a[jAJMo0g'pma&;olu
cGe ftm;
bk&m;ESifh&if;ESD;uRrf;0ifjcif;
a[jAJ 11;5
{aemufonf ,HkMunfjcif;tm;jzifh aojcif;ESif h
vGwf b0ajymif;&\/ bk&m;ocifonf ol Yudk b0ajymif; apawmfrl
aomaMumifh? olonfaemufwzef ray:r&Sd/ olonfb0rajymif; rSD?
bk&m;ocifpdwfawmfESifh awGYaomoljzpfonf[k oufaocHjcif;udk&av\/
ormusrf;pmt&qdkvQif raoolESpfOD;rSm {aemuf ESihf{vd,wdkYjzpfonf/
{aemuf\ya&mzufjyKcsuf
,k' 1;14
tm'HrSqif;ouf ckESpfqufaom {aemufu xm0&bk&m;
onf cyfodrf;aomolwdkYudk w&m;pD&ifawmfrl rw&m;aomol wdkYonf
rw&m;ojzifh jyKaomt"rtrI &SdorQwd kY\ tjypfudk4if;? rw&m;aom
vlqdk;wdkYonfbk&m;ocifudk jypfrSm;ajymaomMurf;wrf;aompum; &SdorQ
wdkY\tjypfudk4if; abmfjyjcif;iSm twkdif;rod rsm;pGmaom rdrd oefY&Sif;
aomolwdkYESihfwuG<uvmawmfrlvdrfhrnf[k ya&mzufjyKa[majymav\/
aem{-oabFmaqmufol (urmOD; 5;29? ;6-9)

ESpfaygif;&mausmf,HkMunfjcif;jzihf emcHolwOD;jzpfonf/
cGeftm;
ZGJ&Sdjcif;? bk&m;ESifh&if;ESD;uRrf;0ifjcif;
tm;enf;csuf
pyspf&nfESifh,pfrl;jcif;
aem{onf
bk&m;ocifESihfeD;uyfpGmtouf&Sifonf/
,HkMunfjcif;&Sdonf/
ESpfaygif;rsm;pGmxl;jcm;aomtaqmuftOD;udk aqmufvkyfonf/ urmay:rSm wcgrQ
rdk;r&Gmao; rnfolrQrdk;&Gmonfudkrjrifbl;yg/ ajrBuD;ay:rSm a&vTrf;rdk;rnf/
olaqmufvkyfaeaomt&monfa&ay:rSmay:rnf[kolaocsmrodyg/vlawGrnfrQ
avSmifajymifaeygap? l;aeNyD[kajymygap ol*krpdkuf? bk&m;ocif xHrS Mum;&onf
twkdif;qufvuf,HkMunfaeonf/ em;rvnfwmawG zdpD;rIawG &Sdaeaomfjim;vnf;
,HkMunfjcif;jzihf MuHUcHcJhonf/
urmOD; 6;5 ajrBuD;ay:rSm vltjypfBuD;? ol\ pdwfESvHk; tBuHtpnf

&SdorQwdkYonf tpOfrjywfqdk;npfj cif;oufo uf&SdaMumif;udk? bk&m;ocif
odjrif awmfrlvQif?
urmOD; 6;9 aem{ twKywd[lrlu m;? aem{onf ajzmifhrwfaomol?
rdrdtrsdK; pHkvifaomoljzpf\/ bk&m;ocifESifhtwloGm;vm\/
a[jAJ 11;7 aem{onf rjrifao;aom trIt&mwdkUudk azmfjyaom
Asm'dwfawmfudkcHNyD;rS?
,HkMunfjcif;tm;jzifh
aMumuf&GYHUaompdwf&Sd?
rdrdtdrfol
tdrfom;wdkYukd
u,fwifjcif;iSg
oabFmudkwnfav\/
xdk,HkMunfjcif;tm;jzifh
avmuDom;wdkYudktjypfwif
,HkMunfjcif;ESifh,Sofaom ajzmifhrwfjcif;udkvnf; tarGcH&\/
tmjA[H - 0dnmOfa&;&mbk&m;zl;c&D;onf (urmOD; 12-25;10)

bk&m;ocif\rdwfaqGwOD;jzpfNyD; vlrsdK;rsm;\ tzjzpfonf/tmjAHrS tmjA[HodkYbk&m;
ocif emrnfajymif;ay;onf/
75
cGeftm;
em;axmifjcif;?
ysLiSmjcif;?
bk&m;\enf;vrf;wkdYukdodjcif;
tjcm;olrsm;twGufMum;cHay;jcif;
&ufa&mjcif;
tm;enf;csuf
aMumufGHUjcif; ( olYrdef;rpm&m\
tvSaMumifhao&rnfukd
aMumufonf/)
a[jAJ 11;8-11
tmjA[Honf tarG&vwHhaomjynfokdY xGufoGm;rnf
taMumif;? bk&m;ocifac:awmfrl aom tcg? olonf tb,ft&yfokdY
oGm;onfudk udk,fwdkifrodbJvsuf? ,HkMunfj cif;tm;jzifh em;axmif
xGufoGm; av\/ olwyg;ykdifaomjynf {nfhonfaeouJhokdY? *wdawmfESifh
pyfqkdifaom
jynf
,HkMunfjcif;tm;jzifh
{nfhonfjzpfae\/
xdk*wdawmfudk tarGcH&aom tabmftzufwnf;[laom Zmuf?
,mukyfwdkYESifhtwlwJaeav\/
taMumif;rlum;?
bk&m;oif
wnfaxmifj yKpkawmfrlaom ckdifcHaomNrdKUudk ajrmfvifhownf;/
a[&Sm, 41;8
ighuRefoa&v?
iga&G;cs,faomol
,mukyf?
ightaqG tmjA[H\om;?
bk&m;ocif\a&G;cs,fac:jcif;cH&onf
tmjA[H\b0tpudkusrf;pmrSraz:jyxm;aomfvnf; touf(70)rSae&if;jynf O&rS
ac:xkwfcH&onf/
urmOD;12;1-3
xm0&bk&m;onfvnf; tmNAHudkac:awmfrl?oif\jynfESifh
wuG
trsdK;om;csif; aygufabmfrsm;xJu xGufNyD;vQif? igjyvwHhaom jynfodkY
oGm;avmh/ igonfoihfudk vlrsdK;BuD;jzpfaprnf/ oifonf aumif;BuD;
cH&aom
oljzpfvdrfhrnf/
oifhudk
aumif;BuD;ay;aomoludk
igaumif;BuD;ay;rnf/ oifhudk usdefqJaom oludk igusdefqJrnf/
oifhtm;jzifhvnf;
vlrsdK;taygif;wdk Yonf
aumif;BuD;
r*FvmudkcH&Muvdrfhrnf[k rdefYawmfrl\/
tmjA[HcH&aom*wdawmftcsufoHk;csufrSm
ajrBuD;udkay;rnf
vlrsdK;BuD;tzjzpfaprnf
olYtm;jzihfajrBuD;ay: rdom;pkrsm;aumif;BuD;cHpm;&rnf
tmjA[H a&G;cs,fcGihf&Sdaomfvnf; ,HkMunfjcif; emcHjcif;tm;jzihf bk&m;ocifudk
wkefYjyefonf/
urmOD;
12;4u
xdkodkYxm0&bk &m;rdeYfawmfrlonftwkdif;?
tmNAHxGufoGm; avmwvnf; vdkufav\/
O&rSrxGufcGmrSD b,foGm;&rvJqdkonfudk bk&m;ocifurajymaomfvnf; ,HkMunfjcif;
jzihf xGufcGmonf/ wae&mrSwae&modkY vrf;TefajryHk rygbJ oGm;ae&onf/
tmjA[Hudkbk&m;ocifuqufvufaumif;BuD;ay;jcif;tm;jzihf
<u,f0vmonf/
odkYaomtarGcHom;r&Sd/ 16 ESpfcefYMumaom tcgbk&m;ocifu vlrsdK;BuD;\ tz
jzpfaprnf[k *wday;onf/ xdkYaemufuRefr[m*&tm;jzihf a&Sarvudk&onf/
tm&yfvlrsdK; tm;vHk; (Arabic) onf a&Sarv\rsdK;EG,fjzpfonf/ a&Sarvonf
*wdawmfom;r[kwfaomfvnf; bk&m;ocif\ aumif;BuD;udk olYvlrsdK;rsm;cHpm;&onf/
76
ZufzGm;jrifjcif;
aemuf 13 ESpfMumaomtcg bk&m;ocifu*wdawmfudkxyfrHtopfjyifqifay;onf/
urmOD; 17;1?4-6 xdkaemuftmNAHonf toufudk;q,fudk;ESpf&Sdaomtcg?

xm0&bk&m;onf tmNAHtm;xif&Sm ;awmfrl? igonf teEwefcdk; &Sif
bk&m; ocif jzpf\/ igha&SUrSmoGm;vm pHkvifjcif;&Sdavmh/
igjyKaom y#dnmOfonf oif&Sd\/ oifonf vlrsdK;trsm;wdkY\ tbjzpfvdrfhrnf/
aemufwzefoif\trnfudk tmNAH[krac:&/ oif\trnfudk tmjA[H[kac:&\/
taMumif;rlum;? igonf oifhudkrsm;pGmaomvltrsdK;wddkY\ tbt&m cefYxm;NyD/
igonfoifhudk tvGefyGm;rsm;aprnf/ oifhtm;jzifh vltrsdK;rsdK;wdkYudk jzpfaprnf/ oif\
trsdK;tEG,fvnf; &Sib
f k&ifjzpf&Muvdrfhrnf/
urmOD;21;5
om;Zmufudkjrif&aomtcg?tmjA[Honftoufw&m&Sdownf;/
tmjA[H[laomemrnf\t"dyg,frSm ]]vlrsdK;BuD;\tzjzpfonf}}
qufuyfylaZmfjcif;
tmjA[Honf om;&bdkY&efESpfaygif;oHk;q,fMum,HkMunfjcif;udkxdef;odrf;cJh&onf/Zuf
onf vlysdKb0a&mufvmaomtcg bk&m;ocifuwzefpum;ajymjyefonf/
urmOD; 22;1?2
xdkaemufrS bk&m;ocifonf tmjA[HudkpHkprf;jcif;iSg?
tmjA[H[k ac:awmfrl? tmjA[Hu? tuREkfyf&Sdyg\[k avsmufvQif?
oifonf tvGef cspfaom wa,mufwnf; aomom; Zmufudk,l?
arm&djynfokdY oGm;avmh/ igjyvwh Haom awmifay:rSm? oludkYrD;IdY&m
,ZfjyKylaZmfavmh[k rdefYawmfrl\ /
tmjA[H\om; Zmuff udkbk&m;ocifuolYtm;ylaZmfcdkif;aomtcg Zmuftouf
25 ESpf&SdNyD[k oa&vorkdif;q&m*sdK;Zufzwfuajymonf/ tmjA[H rnfokdY
cHpm;&rnfenf; em;vnfbdkY&efcufygonf/ ESpfaygif;rsm;pGm apmifhqkdif;NyD;rS &aom
om;udk ,ckbk&m;ocifu olYudkqufuyfylaZmf&ef awmif;qdkaeygNyD/
,HkMunfjcif;ESihfemcHjcif;
tmjA[H\wHkYjyefrIuawmh qufvufemcH,HkMunfjcif;udkjyoonff/
urmOD; 22;3 tmjA[Honf

eHeufapmapmx?
jrnf;udkukef; ESD;wifNyD;vQif?
rdrdi,fom;ZmufESifh
rdrdi,fom;Espfa,mufudk
ac:?
,ZfIdUp&mxif; udk
cGJNyD;rS?
bk&m;ocifrdefYawmfrlaom t&yfodkY xoGm;av\/
urmOD; 22;4?5
oHk;&ufajrmufaomaeY ajrmfMunfh? xdkt&yfudk
ta0;u jrifvQif? i,fom;ESpfa,mufwdkYtm;? oifwkdYonf t&yf
jrnf;ESifhtwl ae&pfMuavmh/ igonfom;ESifh twlxdkt&yfokdYoGm;
udk;uG,fjcif; trIudk jyKtHh/ xdktrINyD; rS? oifwkdYqDokdYjyefvmOD;rnf[k
qkdav\/
77
Zufudkajymaompum;
urmOD; 22;8 tmjA[Hu? ighom; ,ZfIdUp&mzdkY odk;oli,fudk
bk&m;ocifonf rdrdtbdkYjyifqifa wmfrlvdrfhrnf[k qkdav\/
aemufqHk;tcsdefrSbk&m;ocifutpm;xdk;p&m,Zfaumifudkjyifqifay;ygonf/
urmOD; 22;11-13 xdktcg?

xm0&bk&m;\
aumif;uifwrefu?
tmjA[H?
tmjA[H[k
aumif;uifay:uac:av\/
tmjA[Hu?
tuREkfyf&Sdyg\[k
avQmufvQif?
xdkvkvifudk
rxdrcdkufESifh/
tvQif;rjyKESihf/ oifonf bk&m;ocifudk od aMumuf&GHUonf[k
,ckigod\/
taMumif;rlum;?
oif\
om;?
oif
wa,mufwnf;aomom;udk igawmif;? oifonf ighudk rjiif; [k
rdefYawmfrl\ /
xdktcg tmjA[Honf ajrmfMunfh? rdrdaemufrSm csHKzkwfndvsuf&Sdaomodk;udk
jrifav\/ xdkodk;udk oGm;,lNyD;vQif? rdrdom;udk,fpm;rD;IdU&m,ZfjyK ylaZmfav\/
qufuyfylaZmfrI avmutwGuf bk&m;ocif\ wyg;wnf;aom om;awmfudk
pGefYvTwfonfharwmtm; tHhMobG,f&mawGU &ayonf/ a'o\ yx0D
taetxm;udkMunfhaomtcg tmjA[H\om;Zufudk,ZfylaZmfrnfhae&mESihf a,I
taocHonfh ae&monf ESpfaygif; 100 Mumaomfvnf; wlnDaeonf/
,mukyf - vlGefYcl;pm;ol rS rif;om;

,mukyf rS oa&vodkY
,mukyf[laomemrnf\ t"dym,fonf ausmfwufol (tjrwf&atmif,lwwfol)
[ljzpfonf/ olYb0tponfxdkuJhodkYpcJh
aomfvnf; xdktajctaeyif
bk&m;ocifu ]],mukyfudkigcspfw,f}}[kajymcJhonf/
cGeftm;
bk&m;ocif\enf;vrf;wdkYukd
oduRrf;aomol
tm;enf;csuf
vdrfnmvSnfhpm;ol
bk&m;ocif\tvdkawmfudkaqmif&Guf&m
rdrd\BudK;pm;rI
Zmwd?
tpGrf;owd
tm;jzihfr[kwfbJ 0dnmOfa&;&mvIyf&Sm;rIomjzpfonf/ bk&m;ocifudk oduRrf;jcif;\
wefcdk;onf vlwa,muf\ toufwmudk ajymif;vJ apEkdifygonf/
urmOD; 25;23
xm0&bk&m;u oif\0rf;twGif; vlrsdK;ESpfrsdK;&Sd\/
oif\0rf;xJu jcm;em;aomvlpkESpf pkudk bGm;&vdrfhrnf/ vlwrsdK;onf
wrsdK;xuf tm;BuD;vdrfhrnf/ tBuD;onf ti,f uRefcH&vdrfhrnf[k
rdefYawmfrl\ /
urmOD; 27 ,mukyfonfom;OD;t&mudk yJ[if;wcGufESihf&atmif,lcJhonf/
rdcifESihfyl;aygif; zcifudkvdrfnmumom;OD;ESihfqkdifaom aumif; BuD;udkt&,l&m
bk&m;\emrudkyiftoHk;jyKcJhonf/ aemufqHk;aMumuf&GHUpGmjzihfxGufajy;cJh&onf/
aAovlygHk
urmOD; 28;12-15 jrif&aomtdyfruf[lrlum;? ajrBuD;ay: avSum;
axmifvsuf tzsm;onf rdkCf;aumif;uif wdkifatmifrSD\/ bk&m;ocif\
aumif;uifwrefwdkYonf? xdkavSum;jzifh qif;vsuf wufvsuf&SdMu\/
78
xm0&bk&m;onfavSum;xuf &yfawmfrlvsuf? igonfoif\tb

tmjA[H\ bk&m;? Zmuf\bk&m;wnf;[laom xm0&bk&m;jzpf\/
oiftdyfaomajrudk
oifESifhoif\
trsdK;tEG,ftm;
igay;rnf/
oif\trsdK;tEG,fonf ajrrIefYuJhokdY rsm;jym;vdrfhrnf/ ta&SU? taemuf?
awmif? ajrmuf? av;rsufESm t&yfwdkYok dY ESHjym;Muvdrfhrnf/ oifESifhoif\
trsdK;tEG,ftm;jzifh
vlrsdK;taygif; wdkYonf
aumif;BuD;r*Fvmudk
cH&Muvdrfhrnf/
igonfoifhbufrSm &Sd\/
oifoGm;av
&m&m
oihfudkigapmihfrrnf/ jynfokdYwzefaqmifcJhOD;rnf/ *wdxm;awmfrl
onftwdkif; rjynhfpHkrSD? oifhudkigrpGefY[k rdefYawmfrl\/
bk&m;ocifutmjA[Hudkay;xm;onfh*wdawmfudkjyefvnftopfjyKjyifay;onf/
,mukyfrsdK;EG,frSu,fwif&Sifay:xGufvmrnf/
urmOD; 28;20
xdktcg?
,mukyfu?
bk&m;ocifonf
ighbuf&Sdvsuf? ig,ckoGm;&mvrf; rSm ighudkapmihfr pm;p&mtpm;?
0wfp&mt0wfudk ay;oem; awmfrlvQifif;?
vdrfnmoljyeftvdrfcH&jcif;
,mukyftoufwmonf csufjcif;rjynfhpHk? olonf zcifudkvdrfouJhodkY ,ck oYlOD;av;
vmAef\ vdrfnmrIudk jyefvnfcHpm;&onf/ tESpfESpfq,fcefY vmAef\ vufxJwGif
vlGefYclk;pm;rIudk cH&NyD;rS jyefvnfxGufcGmcJh&onf/
urmOD; 31;13
igum;?
oifonfrS wfwdkifudkqDavmif;?
ig
opmjyK&m aAovt&yf\ bk&m;jzpf\/ ,ckx t&yfrSxGufojzifh?
trsdK;om;csif; wdkYaeaomjynfokdY jyefoGm;avmh[k ightm;rdefYawmfrl\[k
,mukyfonf Mum;ajymNyD;vQif?
rdrdae&yfodkYjyefvmaom,mukyfonf,ck{aomESihfawGYqHk&awmhrnf/ {aomonfvl
400 ESihfvmaeNyD/ ,mukyfonfvnf; bk&m;ocif\ *wdawmfrsm;ESihf bk&m;ocifudk
jyefvnfowday;NyD;qkawmif;&NyD/ rdef;rESihfuav;rsm;udkBudKwifumuG,frIjyKae&NyD
jzpfonf/
ayaEGvawGUqHkjcif;
,mukyfonfayaEGvt&yfqufvufqkawmif;onf wBudrfrl bk&m;ocifESihf
yk*dKvfcsif; awGUqHkNyD;vHk;0toufwmajymif; vJoGm;onf/
79
bk&m;ocifESifh wdkufcdkuf&ef
tcGihf&Sdovm;
rSefaompdwfoabmESifh
,HkMunfjcif;&SdcJhvQifvkyfaqmif
&efoihfavsmfygonf/
tmjA[H - aom'HkESihf
a*garm&NrdKUtwGuf
,mukyf - aumif;BuD;r*Fvm
twGuf
arma&S - oa&vvlrsdK;rsm;
twGuf
urmOD; 32;24-30 ,mukyfonf wa,mufwnf;ae&pf vlwOD; onf

rdkCf;vif;onfwdkifatmif
olESih fvHk;axG;av\/
xdkolonf
rdrdrEkdifrSef; udkodvQif?
,mukyfaygifcsefudkxdk;?
vHk;axG;pOfwGif
aygifqpfjyKwfav\/ xdkoluvnf;? ighudkvTwf yg? rdkCf;vif;qJ&SdNyD[kqkdvQif?
,mukyfu?
ukd,fawmfonf
tuREkfyfudkaumif;BuD;ray;vQif?
roGm;&[kqdk\/
xdkoluvnf;?
oif\
trnfum;?
tb,fokdYenf;[kar;vQif?
,mukyfjzpfygonf[kjyefqkd\/
aemifoif\trnfudk ,mukyf[l rac:&/ oa&v[l ac:&rnf/
taMumif;rlum;? oifonfbk&m;ocifESifh if; ? vlESifhif;? rif;uJhodkYNydKif
EkdifavNyD[k rdefYawmfrl\/ ,mukyf uvnf;? emrawmfum; tb,fokdYenf; /
tuREkfyftm;abmfjyawmfrlyg[k ar;avQmufvQif? ighemrudk tb,faMumifh
ar;oenf; [k qkd? xdkt&yf aumif;BuD;ay;awmfrl\/ xdkt&yfudk
ayanv[l?
,mukyfonf
orkwfav\/
taMumif;rlum;?
igonfbk&m;ocifudk
rsufESmcsif;qdkif
zl;jrif&aomfvnf;?
toufcsrf; omNyD[k qkdownf;/
a,moyf - EkdifiHESihfvlrsdK;\u,fwif&Sif
rSDjirf;urmOD; 37-50
<u,f0rIrSqif;&Jjcif;odkY (2 Budrf)
cGeftm;,lp&m
cGihfvTwfaomESvHk;om;ESifhzefwD;EkdifrI?
pnf;Hk;Edkifaompdwf"mwf?
olwyg;ESpfoufaomkyf&nfESihfae
xkdifajymqdkrI? tapcHaom ESvHk;om;/
tm;enf;csuf
rme? rdom;pkudktdyfrufESihf
ywfouf0g<um;jcif;
a,moyfonf
i,fpOfb0u<u,f0jynfhpHkaomzcifBuD;\tcspfqHk;om;jzpfNyD;
bk&m;ocifxHrS tdrfruf&olvnf;jzpfonf/ xdkYaemufrmewufvmNyD; 0g<um;
ajymqdkrIaMumifh tpfudkrsm;\rkef;wD;rIudkcH&um wGif;xJcsxm;NyD; uReftjzpf
a&mif;pm;cHcJh&onf/
urmOD; 37;28
xdktcg?
rd'seftrsdK;om;
ukefonfwdkYonf
c&D;oGm;MupOf wGif? tpfudkwdkYonf a,moyfudk wGif;xJu qGJwifNyD;vQif?
aiGtusyfESpfq,f tbdk;ESihf &SarvvlwdkYtm;a&mif;? xkdolwdkYonf
a,moyfudk tJ*kwKjynfokdY aqmifoGm;Mu\/
urmOD; 39;7-9
xdkaemufrS ocif\r,m;onf a,moyfudk wyfaom
pdwf&Sd igESifhtwltdyfyg[k qkd\/ a,moyfuvnf;? uRefawmf ocifonf
tdrfawmf&dSorQaom OpmwdkYudk uRefawmfvufokdYtyfygNyD/ uRefawmf
tb,fOpm &SdrSef;udkrQ rodrrSwfyg/ tdrfwGifvnf; uRefawmfxuf
om
BuD;aomolr&Sdyg/
ukd,fr ,m;jzpfaom
ocifrrSwyg;
tb,ft&mudkrQ uRefawmftm; rjrpfwm;yg/ okdYjzpfvQif tjypfBuD;aom
trIudk uRefawmfjyK bk&m;ocifud k tb,fokdYjypfrSm;Ekdifoenf;[k
ocif\r,m;udk jiif; jyefqkd\/
xdkYaemuf tJ*kwKrSaygwdzg\tdrfwGif dkaoav;pm;cH&onfh BuD;MuyftkyfcsKyfolwOD;
jzpfvmonf/ aygwdzgonf<u,f0NyD; pdwfxm;aumif;rGefonf/ aygwdzg\ r,m;url
a,moyfESihftwltdyf&ef zsm;a,mif;aoG;aqmifonf/
80
urmOD; 39;19?20 ukd,fawmf\uRefonf uREkfyf okdYjyKcJhNyD[k r,m;

ajymaompum;udk ocifMum;vQif? a,moyfudk trsufxGuf? ac:NyD;rS?
&Sifbk&if csKyfxm;aom olwdkYae&maxmifxJrSm avSmifxm;ojzifh?
a,moyfonf axmifxJrSmae&\/
taMumif;r&SdbJbk&m;ocifu
a,moyfudkuRefjzpfapovm;/
tusOf;om;jzpfapovm;/
bk&m;ocifxHrSuREfkyfwdkYtwGuf
BudKwifpDrHxm;rIrsm;udk aqmif&Guf
aomtcg ]]bk&m;ocif\ tcsdef
umvudk em;vnfwwf &rnf/
bk&m;ocifua,moyfudk pnf;urf;
ESihfESdrfhcspGmtouf&Sifwwf&ef jyKjyif
ay;jcif;tm;jzihf pD&iftkyfpdk;olwOD;\
wm0ef0w&m;rsm;udk aumif;rGefpGm
toHk;jyKEkdif&efjzpfonf/
odkYaomfa,moyfuaoG;aqmifrI
aemufodkYrvdkufaomaMumifh
aygwdzgr,m;u
rw&m;pGwfpGJum axmifcsvdkufonf/ a,moyfonfzcifBuD;\ tcspfqHk;om;b0rS
uRefb0a&mufcJhonf/
odkUaomfdkaoav;pm;jcif;cH&aomuRefjzpf&onf/
wzef
uRefb0rS tusOf;om;b0a&muf&jyefonf/ tusOf;om; b0rSmvnf; tBuD;tuJ
jzpfvm&onf/
ol\tdyfrufrsm;onf
ta0;wGifusef&pfcJhNyD;rjzpfEkdifawmhyg[kxif&aomfvnf
bk&m;ocifudkom tm;udk;NyD; bk&m;ocifxrH S
Mum;&onftwdkif; tdyfrufrsm;udk
t"dyg,fzGihfay;&mrS rnfolrQem;rvnfaom bk&if\tdyfrufudk t"dyg,f zGihfqdk
ay;cJh&onf/ tdyfruf t"dyg,ft&jzpfvmrnfhiwfrGwfacgif;yg;rIudktaMumif;jyKNyD;
a,moyfonfwkdif;jynf\ 'kwd,bk&ifjzpfvmonf/ oltdyfrufxJutwkdif;yif tazESihf
tpfudkrsm;\ OD;GwfrIudkcHcJh&onf/
cH,l&rnfht&mrsm;
a,moyftoufwmrSuREfkyfwdkYbmawGavhvm&&SdovJ
bk&m;ocifu
uREfkyfwdkYtm;
tdyfruflygHkrsm;ay;onfhtcg
oluomvQif
jynfhpHkaprnfomjzpfonf/ bk&m;ocif\tcsdefudk uREfkyfwdkYrodEkdif cufcJaom
tcsdefonf bk&m;ocif toHk;jyKEkdifaomol wOD;jzpfvm&ef jyKjyifay;aejcif;jzpfNyD;
tjcm;ae&modkYa&TUjcif;onf
bk&m;ocif
tvdkawmf&Sdaom
ae&mjzpfNyD;
,HkMunfolwOD;onfa,moyfuJhodkYcGihfvTwfEdkifpGrf;&Sd&efvdkayonf/
c&pfawmf\yHkpH
<u,f0csrf;omrIrsm;udkpGefYtjcm;jynfodkYoGm;&onf/
vlrsdK;twGufu,fwifjcif;udk,laqmifvmonf/
ol\tpfudkrsm;udkvHk;0cGihfvTwfonf
urmOD; 50;19-20 a,moyfuvnf;?

rpdk;&drfMuESifh/
uREkfyfonf
bk&m;ocifudk,fpm;jzpfoavm/ oifwdkYonf uREkfyfudk nif;qJrnf BuHMu
aomfvnf;? bk&m;ocifonf,aeYjzpfonft wkdif;? vlrsm;touf csrf;om
apjcif;iSg aus;Zl;jyKrnf[kBuHawmfrl\/
arma&S - csnfaESmifjcif;rSvGwfajrmufjcif;odkY (xGufajrmuf&m? w&m;a[m&m)

zma&mbk&if \eef; awmfrS mtESpf 40 zma&mbk&ihforD;\om;tjzpfaexdkifcJhonf/
a[jAJ 11;24-27
arma&Sonftouft&G,fBuD;aomtcg
tjypf&Sdaom umr*kPfudk cPcHpm;jcif;xuf? bk&m;ocif\ vlwdkYESifhtwl
nif;qJjcif;udk om tvdk&Sdojzifhif;? tJ*kwKjynf\ pnf;pdrfxuf
81
c&pfawmfaMumifh uJh&JUjcif;'kuonf omjrwfaom pnf;pdrfjzpfonfudk

pdwfxifojzifhif;? ,HkMunfjcif;pdwf&Sd zga&mbk&iforD;\om;[l
ac:a0:jcif; tcGifhudky,f\/ taMumif;rlum;? aemuf&vwHhaom tusdK;udk
axmufpmajrmfvifhvsufae\/ ,HkM unfj cif;tm;jzifh &Sifbk&if\ trsufudk
raMumufbJ?
tJ*kwKjynfudk
pGefYoGm;\/
taMumif;rlum;?
rsufjrifr&aombk&m;ocifudk jrif&bdouJhodkY wnfMunfjcif;&Sd\/
uEm&rSmtESpf 40
cGeftm;,lp&m El;nHhodrfarGUrIESihfbk&m;\tvdkawmf
udkodjcif; (awmvnf&m 12;3)
tm;enf;csuf pdwfqdk;wwfol?
pdwfvdkufrmefygvkyfaqmifol(tD*spf
vlwOD;udkowf
odk;xdef;rsm;udkwdkufcdkufjcif;)
bk&m;ocif\oGefoifrIudkcHcJh&onf/
xGufajrmuf&m 3;2?4?6?9?10 xdktcg bk&m;ocif\aumif;uifwrefonf

csHKxJuxGufaomrD;vQH xif&Sm;\/ arma&SoGm; MunhfIaMumif;udk
xm0&bk&m; jrifawmfrlvQif? arma&S? arma&S[k csHKxJu ac:awmfrl\/
arma&Suvnf;? tuREkfyf&Sdyg\[kavQmuf\/ igonfoifhtb\bk&m;?
tmjA[H\bk&m;? Zmuf\bk&m;? ,mukyf\bk&m; jzpfonf[lif;
rdefYawmfrl\ / arma&Sonf bk&m;ocifudkrMunfh0Hh? rdrdrsufESmudk
zHk;vsufae\/,ckwGifvnf;
oa&vtrsdK;om;wdkY
idka<u;aom
toHonf ighxHokdYwufa&muf? olwdkYudk tJ *kwKvlwdkYonf nif;qJj cif;
trIudkvnf; igjrif&NyD/xdkaMumifh,ckoGm;avmh/oifonf ig\vl oa&v
trsdK;om;wdkYudk
tJ*kwKjynfr SEIwfaqmifrnfhtaMumif; ?
oifhudk
zga&mbk&ifxHokdY igapvTwfrnf[k rdefYawmfrl\ /
tESpf 40 oa&vlvlrsdK;rsm;\acgif;aqmif
arma&SuJhokdY bk&m;ocif\tcGihftmPmrsm;udk BuD;us,fpGm&&Sdol wOD;rQr&Sd/
zma&mbk&ifxHodkY ab;'Pfrsm;udk ,laqmifvmonf/ yifv,f(2)jcrf;uGJaponf/
cg;aoma&udkopfwyifcsvdkufonfESihfcsdKaponf/
bk&m;ocifESihfpum;ajymonf/
oa&v vlrsdK;rsm;ESihfywfoufbk&m;&SifESihfjiif;ckefonf/ oef;aygif;rsm;pGmaom
vlrsm;udkawmxJrSmESpf 40 OD;aqmifcJhonf/ olYtm;jzihfwJawmfESihf ynwfawmf
rsm;udkuREfkyfwdkY&&SdcJhonf/
awmvnf&m 12;3 arma&Sonf ajrBuD;ay:rSmaeaomol taygif;wkdY

xuf omEl;nHhodrfarGU aom oabm&Sd\/
acgif; aqmif wOD;\t&nf tcsif;rSmESdrfhcsodrfharGUjcif;? rmer&Sdjcif;ESihf tcGihftmPm
&Sdjcif;wdkYjzpfonf/ rmer&Sdjcif;qdkonfrSm tcsdefwkdif;wGif rdrdtwGufrpOf;pm;wwfyg/
arma&Sonf xdkuJhodkYaomacgif;aqmifwOD;jzpf bk&m;ocifudk,fwkdifoN*K[fay;onfh
wOD;wnf;aomvljzpfonf/
w&m;a[m 34;4-7 xm0&bk&m;uvnf;? igonftmjA[H? Zmuf?

,mukyfwdkYtm;
usdefqkd
oif\trsdK;tEG,ftm;
igay;rnf[k
*wdxm;aom jynfudkMunfhavmh/ oifonf ukd,frsufpdESifhjrif&aom
tcGifhudkigay;\/
okdY&mwGif
ul;roGm;&[k
82
rdefYawmfrl\ /xdkodkYxm0&bk&m; rdefYawmfrlonfhtwkdif;? xm0&bk&m;\

uRefarma&Sonf
armbjynf?
xdkt&yf
tedpa&muf?
Aufay*k&NrdK Uwbuf? Armbjynf? wpHkwckaomcsdKifh oN*kvfawmfrl\/
arma&S\ ocsKif;udk ,aeYwdkifatmif tb,fvlrQ rod&/ arma&Sonf
tedpa&mufaomtcg toufw&mESpfq ,f&Sd\/ ol\rsufpdrrIefao;/
cGeftm;vnf; ravsmhao;/
'g0d'f-oa&vvlrsdK;\tBuD;us,fqHk;bk&if
'g0d'fonforkdif;rSmxif&Sm;aMumfMum;olwOD;jzpfonf/oltkyfpdk;pOfumvwkdif;jynf\
{&d,mrSmtus,f0ef;qHk;jzpfonf/
"ra[mif;usrf;pmrS
"r&mZ0ifyxrapmif?
'kwd,apmif? &mZ0ifcsKyfyxrapmif? qmvHusrf;tm;jzihfxif&Sm;onf/ a,Iudk
tmjA[H\ om;[k r&nfTef;? 'g0dwf\om;[k&nfTef;onf/
'g0d'f\bdodwf
8 a,mufajrmufom;jzpfNyD; odk;rsm;udkxdef;ausmif;aepOf aemufwufrnfh oa&v
bk&if tjzpf&SarGv\bdodwfay;jcif; cH&onf/
1&m 16;12c-13 xm0&bk&m;u? olaywnf;/ xbdodwfay;avmh[k

rdefYawmfrl\ / &SarGvonfvnf;? qDbl;udk,l ol\tpfudkpkxJrSm
oklYudkbdodwfay;av\/ xdkaeYrSp xm0&bk&m;\ 0dnmOfawmfonf
'g0d'ftay:rSm oufa&mufav\/ &SarGvonfx &mrNrdKUodkYjyefoGm;\/
csufjcif;yifeef;awmfxJodYkac:cH&NyD;apmif;wD;&onf/
xdktaetxm;rSm
rnfrQ
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od&onf/
ol\&JpGrf;owd
1 "r 17;34?35
'g0d'fu
ukd,fawmfuRefonf
tb\okd; wdkYudk xdef;ausmif;pOftcg? jcaoFhESifh 0Honfvm okd;oi,fudk
odk;pkxJu udkufcsD yg\/uRefawmfvdkuf owfojzifh odk;oi,fudk
olYypyfxJu EIwfyg\/ 0Honf uRefawmfudkjyef udkufaomtcg?
0H\rkwfqdwfudkukdif dkufowfyg\/
ol\,HkMunfjcif;ESihf &JpGrf;owdudkppfaq;onfhtaeESihf a*gvsufudk&ifqkdif&onf/
a*gvsufudkowfNyD; ,HkMunfjcif;ESihf&JpGrf; owdBuD;rm;onfhol&Jaumif;wOD; tjzpf
xif&Sm;vmonf/
cGeftm;,lp&mcsD;rGrf;udk;uG,fol? bdodwfudk
av;pm;ol? bk&m;tvdkawmfudkodol?
trSm;jyifay;rIudkvufcH
aemifw&ol wOD;jzpfonf/
tm;enf;csufvSyaomrdef;rESihfywfouf
tm;enf;? rdom;pkESifh rdrdteD;rSm
&Sdaeolrsm;udk oGefoifrI
tm;enf;onf/
1 "r 17;45-47
'g0d'fu? oifonf xm;?vSH?vufeuf? ud'kefygvsuf
ighxHokdYvm\/
igonfoifBudrf;yaom
oa&v
AdkvfajcwdkY\
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vsuf&Sdojzifh
"rwkdu fjzpfM u\/
a,Ic&pftm;jzifh
bk&m;ocif ESpfouf awmfrl&m "r,Zfudk ylaZmf&aom oefY&Sif;aom
,Zfyka&m[dwfrsdK;vnf; jzpfMu\/xdkodkYESifhtnD usrf;pmvmonfum;?
a&G;cs,faom wdkufaxmifh tjrpfausmufj rwfudk Zdtkefawmfay:rSm
igcsxm;\/ xdkausmufudk trSDjyKaom olonf &SufaMumufjcif;
r&SdEkdif&m[k vmownf;/ okdYjzpf ,HkMunfjcif;&Sdaom oifwdkYum;
bkef;toa&&Sd\/
em;raxmifaomolwdkYum;?
wdkufudk
wnfvkyfaomolrsm;y,fxm;aom ausmufonf aemufwzef wdkufaxmifh
txGwftzsm;okdY a&mufjyef\/em;raxmifbJ EIwfuywfw&m;awmfudk
xdrd vJp&mausmuf? rSm;,Gif;p&mausmufvnf;jzpf\/ xdktrIESifh
awGUapjcif; iSg
xdkolwdkYudkcefYxm;awmfrlownf;/
oifwdkYrlum;?
arSmifrkdufxJrS tHhzG,faom tvif;awmfodkY ac:oGif;awmfrlaom ol\
*kPfaus;Zl;rsm;udk azmfjyapjcif;iSg? a&G;cs,fawmfrlaom trsdK;jzpfMu\/
rif;pnf;pdrf&Sdaom
,Zfyka&m[dwftrsdK;?
oefY&Sif;aomvlrsdK;?
ykdifxdkufawmfrlaom taygif;toif;jzpfMu\/
a&vTrf;rdk;jcif;tm;jzihfw&m;pD&ifjcif;
(rSDjirf;-urmOD; 6-7)
bk&m;ocif\tHhMozG,f&medrdwfvuPmrsm;onf
tHhMozG,fjzpfysufvmwwfonf/
w&m;pD&ifjcif;tm;jzihf tjypfjzihfjynfh0 aomvlrsm;ab;'kuMuHK&onf/ odkYaomf
aMumuf&GHUzG,f&m
pD&ifjcif;xJrSmol\arwm*kPmudkazmfjyNyD;olzefqif;aomvl?
wd&pmefrsm;xJrS olYudkemcHaomolrsm;udk umuG,fay;onf/ a&jzihf w&m;pD&ifjcif;
onf urmavmuBuD;wckvHk;ESihfvlom;tm;vHk;wdkYtwGufjzpfonf/
urmOD; 7;19-23
aemufwzefa&onf ajrBuD;ay:rSm tvGeftm;BuD;
ojzifh? rdkCf;aumif;uifatmuf &SdorQaom awmifBuD; taygif;wdkYonf
jrKyfMu\/ a&jrKyfaom awmifwkdY txuf vTrf; wufaoma&onf
q,fig;awmif&Sdownf; / ajray:rSmvIyf&Sm;wwfaom wd&dpmefwnf;
[laom iSuf? om;,mOf? om;&J? ajray:rSmwGm;wwfaom wd&dpmef
taygif;wdkYESifh
vltaygif;wdk Yonf
aoMuukef\/
toufIvsuf
ukef;ay:rSm
&IavorQwdhkonf
aoMuukef\/
ajrrsufESmay:
&Sdaomvljzpfap?
om;jzpfap?
wGm;wwfaomt&mjzpfap?
touf&Sifaomt&m&Sd&SdorQwdYkudk?
ajrBuD;ay:u
y,f&Sif;awmfrl?
ysufpD;aysmufuG,fjcif; okdY
a&mufMuukef\/aem{rSp
aem{ESifhtwloabFmxJ&SdaomolwdkYom usef< uif; Muav\/
90
trSefrStrSm;jzpfoGm;aomvlom;rsdK;EG,f
arwm&Sifbk&m;ocifuolzefqif;xm;aomt&mrsm;udktb,faMumifhzsufqD;&ovJ?
tjypfjzihfjynfh0aeaomvlrsm;udkquf jyKpk&rvm;/ wckckvkyf&rvm;/
bk&m;ocif\*wdawmfjzpfaom ]]rdef;r\rsdK;EG,f}} (urmOD; 3;15)
pmwefuolYacgif;udkBudwfrnfhrdef;r\rsdK;EG,fudkzsufpD;&ef MuHpnfonf/
urmOD; 6;1?2?4
ajrBuD;ay:rSmvlwdkYonfrsm;jym;orD;rsm;udkvnf;
&Muaomtcg/bk&m;ocif\om;wkdYonfvlo rD; wdkYvSaMumif;udkjrif?ukd,f
pdwf &Sdonftwdkif;pHkbufMu\/xdkumv? ajrBuD;ay:rSm udk,fBuD;rm;aom
ol tcsdKU&SdM u\/ xdkaemufvnf;? bk&m;ocif\om;wdkYonf?vlorD;wdkYESifh
qufqH &aom om;wdkYonf? tm;BuD;aomol? a&S;umvrSp? ausmfapm
aomol jzpfM u\/
ae&m
]]bk&m;ocif\om;wdkYonf}}
qdk&mrSmvlom;r[kwfaMumif;?
remcHaom0dnmOfqdk;? ewfqdk;rsm;[k,HkMunf&ef taMumif;&Sdonf/ (bmomjyefol\
rSwfcsuf-bk&m;ocif\om;wdkYonf
ESihfywfouf
rl&if;pma&;olu
remcHaom0dnmOfqdk;-ewfqdk;rsm;[k a,mb0wK 1;6 ESihf 38;7 udk udk;um;
azmfjyxm;ygonf/ xdkYjyifa&So\om;rsm;qdkaom,lqcsufw&yf&SdouJhodkY vlpifppf
xJodkY0dnmOfqdk;ewfqdk;rsm;yl;uyf vlorD;wdkYESihfqufqHjcif;qdkaom ,lqcsufvnf;
&Sdonf/ rnfuJhodkYyifjzpfapumrl vkyf&yfonf pmwef\vkyf&yfjzpfonf/
pmwef\vkyf&yfrSaygufzGm;vmaomrsdK;EG,frsm;udkbk&m;ocifua&jzihf zsufqD;vdkufNyD;
rdrdtrsdK;pHkvifaom aem{tm;jzihfom rdef;r\rsdK;EG,fudkqufvufwnfwHhaponf/
xdkYaMumifhr&SdawmhaomrsdK;EG,fESihfywfoufjiif;ckefp&mtaMumif;r&Sdyg)/
urmOD;6;5?7 ajrBuD;ay:rSmvltjypfBuD;?ol\ pdwfESvHk;tBuHtpnf&SdorQ

wdkYonftpOfrjywfqdk; npfjcif;oufouf&SdaMumif;udk?
bk&m;ocifodjrif
awmfrlvQif?xm0&bk&m;uvnf;?
igzefqif;aomvludkif;?
vlrSp
om;rsm;?wGm;wwfaomwd&dpmefrsm;?
rdkCf;aumif;uifiSufrsm;wdkYudkif;
ajrBuD; rsufESmrS igokwfoify,f&Sif;rnf/ olwdkYudkzefqif;aomaMumifh
igaemifw&onf[k rdefYawmfrl\/
aem{ESihfrdom;pkusef&pfcJhjcif;rSmbmaMumifhvJ
aem{rlum;xm0&bk&m;pdwfawmfESihfawGUaomoljzpfownf;/ aem{twKywd[lrlum;?
aem{onfajzmiffhrwfaomol? rdrd trsdK;pHkvifaomoljzpf\/ bk&m;ocifESihftwl
oGm;vm\/
urmOD; 6;8?9 aem{rlum;?

xm0&bk&m;pdwfawmfESihfawGUaomoljzpfownf;/ aem{twKywd[lrlum;?
aem{onfajzmifhrwfaomol?
rdrdtrsdK;
pHkvifaomol
jzpf\/
bk&m;ocifESifhtwloGm;vm\/
rdrdtrsdK;pHkvifaomol qdkonfrSm bk&m;ocifrESpfoufaom rsdK;EG,fpyf,Sufjcif;r&Sd
onfudkqdkvdkygonf/ bk&m;ocifpdwfqdk; vludka&jzihfzsufqD;&eftaMumif;r&Sdyg/
vlom;rsdK;EG,fw&yfvHk;udk pmwefurpifMu,fatmif jyKvkyfaomaMumifhjzpfonf/
91
rdef;r\rsdK;EG,fonf pmwef\vkyf&yf r&yfwHhrjci;fpifMu,frIr&SdbJjzpfvmEdkifonf/
(a,Ic&pfawmfonfum; oefY&Sif;aom0dnmOfawmftm;jzihf tysdKunm\0rf;rS
zGm;jrifvmcJhonf/) oefY&Sif;jcif;? ajzmifhrwfjcif;qdkonfrSm bk&m;ociftm;jzihf
omvQif&&SdEdkifygonf/
w&m;pD&ifcsdefuG,fumjcif;
emcHjcif;tm;jzihf
emcHjcif;tm;jzihfuG,fumrIudkcHpm;&onf/ bk&m;ocifuajymaem{em;axmifonf/
avSmifajymifuJh&JUrIrsm;Mum;xJrS oabFm udkNyD;atmifaqmufonf/ (urmOD; 6;1416)
wd&pmefrsm;0ifvmjcif;
wd&pmefrsm;udkbk&m;ocifac:olwdkYvnf;rysufpD;csifaomaMumifh 2 aumifpDwGJ
oabFmxJodkY 0ifvmonfrsm; tHhMozG,f&myif? aem{udk avSmifajymifaeolrsm;
rnfokdYxifMurnfenf;? r,HkMunfaomavmuom;rsm; ,HkMunfvmap&ef tHhMozG,f&m
edrdwfvuPmoufaoyif/
rdk;&GmNyD
t&ufav;q,fywfvHk;ajrBuD;ay:rSm rdkCf;&Gmaprnf/
urmOD;
7;4
taMumif;rlum;?
,aeYrSpckESpf&ufaphvQif?
t&ufav;q,f ywfvHk; ajrBuD; ay:odkY rdk; &Gmaprnf/ igzefqif; aom
ow0gtaygif;wdkYudk?
ajrBuD;
rsufESmjyifay:rS
igy,f&Sif;rnf[k
xm0&bk&m;rSmxm;awmfrl\/
urmOD; 7;12 t&ufav;q,fywfvHk; ajrBuD;ay:rSm rdkCf;&Gmav\/
tHhMozG,f&m av
ajrBuD;ay:rSmavvmapawmfrlojzihfa&Nidrfav\/
urmOD; 8;1 bk&m;ocifonf? aem{rSmp touf&SiforQaomow0g?

aem{ESifhtwl oabFmxJ&Sdom wd&dpmeftaygif;wkdYudk atmufarh?
ajrBuD;ay:rSm avvmapawmfrlojzifh a&Nidrfav\/
urmOD; 8;2 eufeJ&ma&aygufa&wGif;rsm;? rdkCf;aumif;uif>yef0rsm;udk
qdkYydwf? rdkCf;udkpJapawmfrl\/
bk&m;ocif\*wdawmf-oufwHh
rSm;,Gif;aombmoma&;orm;rsm;u oufwHhudk yHkaqmifcsufomjzpfonf[k ,lq&ef
BudK;pm;Muonf/ odkYaomfoufwHhonf vlom;tm;vHk;wGuf bk&m;ocif\*wdawmf
jzpfonf/
urmOD;8;22 ajrBuD;rukefrSDwdkifatmif?rsdK;aphB uJ&aomumv?toD;tESHudk

odrf;&aomumv? csrf;aomumv? ylaomumv? aEGumv? aqmif; umv
rjywfap&[k trdefYawmf&Sd\/
92
urmOD; 9;11-13
oifwdkYESifhigjyKaom y#dnmOf[lrlum;?a&vTrf;rdk;jcif;
tm;jzifh? cyfodrf;aomow0gwdkYonf aemufwzefrqHk;&Mu/ ajrBuD; udk
zsufqD;zdkY&m aemufwzefa&vTrf;rdk;jcif;r&dS/ xdkrSwyg;? igwbuf?
oifwdkYESifh oifwdkYxHrSm touf&Sif orQaom wd&dpmefwdkY wbuf?
om;ajr;tpOftqufrjywf igjyKaomy#dnmOf\ vuPmoufao[lrlum;?
ig\oufwhHudk rdkCf;wdrfigxm;\/ xdkoufwHhonfajrBuD;ESifh igjyKaom
y#dnmOf\ oufaojzpfvdrfhrnf/
aom'HkESihfa*garm&udkrD;jzihfw&m;pD&ifjcif;
aom'HkESihfa*garm&udkrzsufqD;rSD xl;jcm;rIrsm;&Sdonf/
tmjA[HESihfbk&m;ocifpum;ajymonf
urmOD; 18;17?18 xm0&bk&m;uvnf;? igjyKrnftrIudk tmjA[Htm;
rjybJ 0Sufxm;&rnfavm/ tmjA[HonfBuD;jrwf? wefcdk;ESifhjynfhpHkaom
vlrsdK;jzpfvdrfhrnf/ vlrsdK;taygif;wdkYonf
olYtm;jzifh
aumif;BuD;r*Fvmudk cH&Muvdrfhrnf/
bk&m;ocifutmjA[Hudkjzpfysufvmrnfht&mrsm;udk BudKwifajymNyD; tmjA[H\
taetxm;udk owday;onf/ vlrsdK;taygif;onf olYtm;jzihfaumif;BuD;cHpm;&rnf/
wzefqufvuf
urmOD; 18;20-21 xm0&bk&m;uaom'HkNrdKU? a*garm&NrdKU a<u;aMumf

aom toHonfBuD; tvGeftjypfav;aomaMumifh ,ckigoGm;
ihga&SUodkY a&mufcJhNyD;aom a<u;aMumfjcif;&Sdonftwkdif; olwdkYonf
trSefjyKonfrjyKonfudk
igMunfhrnf/
rjyKvQif
rjyKaMumif;udk
igodrnf[krdefYawmfrl\/
xdkodkYtmjA[Htm;
bk&m;ocifuolvkyrf nfht&mrsm;udk
ajymjyaomtcgrS
vlrsdK;taygif;olUtm;jzihf aumif;BuD;cHpm;&rnfh taMumif; xdkNrdKUrS ajzmihfrwfol
rsm;twGuf Mum;0ifawmif;yefonf/ aom'HkESihfa*garm&NrdKUudk bk&m;ocifzsufqD;rnfh
taMumif;tm; jyefvnfpOf;pm;&eftmjA[H\oabmwlnDcsufjzihf y#dnmOfjyKcJh&onf/
(urmOD; 18;23-33)
avmwudkem;vnfrIvGJjcif;
rsm;pGmaomvlrsm;u
avmwudkraumif;aomolrsm;ESihfaygif;oif;aexkdifrIaMumifh
vsifjrefpGmtjypfwifwwfMuNyD; tmjA[H\ wljzpfaomaMumifhom csrf;om&m&onf[k
xifMuonf/
tmjA[Hudkbk&m;ocifpum;ajymonfhtcg
az:jyxm;onfh
a<u;aMumfaomtoHqdkonfrSm rnfol\toHjzpfrnfenf; (a,Zausv 9;1?
'Ha,v 9;13-17)
xdka<u;aMumfoHaMumifhaom'HkESihf a*garm&NrdKUodkY aumif;uifwrefrsm; tvkyfvkyf&ef
a&muf&Sdvmonf/ avmwESihfrdom;pkudk u,fEIwf&efvnf;jzpfonf/
93
aywkuawmh avmwonfajzmihfrwfolwOD;jzpfNyD; Oya'rJhusihfMuHjyKrl aexkdifolrsm;
aMumifh aeYpOfpdwfqif;&J&aMumif;azmfjyonf/
2ay 2;6-8 aom'HkNrdKUESifha*garm&NrdKUwdkYudk rD;IdUzsufqD;&m? 'PfpD&if

awmf rlojzifh aemif rw&m;aom tusihfudkusifhtHh aomolwdkYtm;
yHkoufaoudk xm;awmfrl\/ xdktcg rw&m;aomolwkdY\ npfl;aom
tusifhtm;jzifh aESmuf,Sufjcif;udkcH&aomol? ajzmihfrwfaom avmwudk
u,fEIwfawmfrl\/
xdkajzmifhrwfaomolonf rw&m;aom olwkdYwGif aepOftcg? olwdkY\ rw&m;aom
trIrsm;udk aeYwdkif;rjywfrsufpdjrifvsuf? em;Mum;vsuf&Sdojzifh? rdrdajzmifhrwfaom
pdwfESvHk;udk jyif;pGmnif;qJ&\/
aumif;uifwrefrsm;olYtdrfodkYa&muf&Sdvmaomtcgvnf; avmwonfaumif;rGefpGm
{nfhcH tdrfxJodkY0if&ef awmif;qdkonfudk awGY&onf/
urmOD; 19;2?3u tuREkfyf\ ocifw dkY? udk,fawmfwdkY\uRef tdrfodkY

0ifwnOfhvHk;aeMuyg/ajcudkaq;Muyg/eH eufapmapmx <uoGm;Muyg
avmh
[k
qkdav\/
aumif;uifwrefwdkYu?
igwdkYonfr0if?
wnOfhvHk;vrf; aeawmhrnf[k qkdaomfvnf;? usyfusyf aoG;aqmif
aomaMumifh? wzef avmwae&mokdYvSnfh ol\tdrfokdY0ifM u\/
urmOD; 19;4 xdkolwdkYonfrtdyfrSD? aom'HkNrdKUom; a,musfm;tBuD;ti,f?
t&yf&yfuvmaom oltaygif;wdkYonf tdrfudk0kdif;?
aumif;uifwrefrsm;ESihf vdifwlqufqHcsifaomxdkNrdKUrSm&Sdonfh vlBuD;vli,frsm;
avmwtdrfodkYpka0;a&muf&Sdvmuonf/ vdifwq
l ufqHjcif;onf xdkNrdKU\xif&Sm;aom
tjypfwckjzpfonf/
avmwu{nfhonfrsm;udkumuG,fNyD;
olYorD;ESpfOD;udk
xkwfay;rnf[k ajymonf/ tb,faMumihf{nfhonfESpfOD;ukd olYorD;rsm;xufwefzdk;
xm;&ovJ? xdkolwdkY\wkefYjyefrIonftifrwefpdwf0ifpm;p&m aumif;ygonf/ He
Keeps acting as a Judge
urmOD; 19;8 tuREkfyf

a,musfm;ESifh
rqufqHao;aom
orD;ESpfa,muf &Sdyg\/ olwdkYudk oifwdkYxHokdYxkwf&aom tcGifhudk
ay;Muygavmh/ olwdkY jyKcsiforQudk jyKMuygavmh/ vlwdkY
tvQif;rjyKMuygESifh/
taMumif;rlum;?
olwdkYonf
tuREkfyf
tdrftrdk;t&dyfudk ckdaeyg\[k awmif;yefaomfvnf;?
urmOD;19;9u olwdkYu qkwfavmh[kqdk\/ wzefum;? oifonf
wnf;ckdjcif; iSgom a&mufvmonfESifh w&m;olB uD;vkyf&rnfavm/
avmw\&yfwnfrIudkolwdkYodonf/
bk&m;ocifonf
aom'HkESihfa*grm&NrdKUudk
rzsufqD;rSDoufaoxlonf/ xdkoufaorSm vspfvSLIcH&onf/ zdESdyfcH&onf/
nif;qJcH&onf/
94
w&m;pD&ifaomtcsdefuG,fumjcif;
urmOD; 19;15?16 rdkCf;aomufaomtcg?
aumif; uifwrefwdkYonf
avmwudkaqmfvsuf? oifonfx? t&yf&Sdaom r,m;ESifhorD;
ESpfa,mufwdkYudk,loGm;avmh/ okdYr[kwf? NrdKU\tjypf qHk;jcif;okdY
a&mufvdrfhrnf [k qkdaomfvnf;? olonfzifhEJGUaomtcg? xm0&bk&m;
oem;awmfrlaomaMumifh? aumif;uifwrefwdkYonf? olESifh ol\r,m;?
ol\orD;ESpfa,muf wdkYudk vufqGJ NrdKUjyifodkY xkwfaqmifMu\/
avmwESihfolYrdom;pku,fEIwfcH&jcif;rSmavmwonf ajzmihfrwfaomol wOD;jzpfNyD;
tmjA[Huvnf;olwdkYtwGuf Mum;0if awmif;yefaomaMumifhjzpfonf/
urmOD;19;29 xdkodkYbk&m;ocifonfcsdKihfxJr Sm&SdaomNrdKUwdkUudkzsufqD;aom

tcg? tmjA[Hudk atmufarhawmfrl\/ avmwaeaomNrdKUwdkYudk arSm ufvSJ
aomtcg? arSmufvSJ&mxJu avmwudkvTwfvdkufawmfrl\/
bk&m;ocifu tmjA[Hudkjzpfvmrnfht&mrsm;udkajym tmjA[Hu avmwtwGuf
awmif;yefonf/ ,aeYuREfkyfwdkYvnf;bk&m; ocifxHrS pum;oHudkMum;vQif olwyg;
twGufawmif;yefay;&rnf/
NrdKUudkzsufqD;jcif;
urmOD; 19;24?25 xdktcgxm0&bk&m;onfaumif;uifxuf?txHawmf
rS aom'HkNrdKUESifha*garm&NrdKU tay:okdYu efYESifh rD;rdk;udk &Gmapawmfrl\/
xdkNrdKUwdkYudk if;? csdKifht&yfwavsmufvHk;udkif;? NrdKUom;taygif;wdkUudkif;?
ajrayguforQ udkif; arSmufvSJawmfrl\/
xdkNrdKUudkzsufqD;&jcif;\aemufxyf&nf&G,fcsufwckrSm
aemifvmaemufom;rsm;
txl;ojzihf bk&m;ocifrESpfoufaom touf &SifaexkdifrIwGif aysmfarTUaeolrsm;
twGuf oifcef;pmyifjzpfonf/
2ay 2;6
aom'HkNrdKUESifha*garm&NrdKUwdkYudk rD;IdUzsufqD;&m? 'PfpD&if
awmfrlojzifhaemifrw&m;aomtusihfudkusifhtHhaomolwdkYtm;yHkoufao
udk xm;awmfrl\/
ocifa,Iuxdktjzpftysufudk&nfTef;onf
bk&m;ocif\EdkifiHawmfwnfaxmifrnfhtcsdefESihfywfoufocifa,Iuaom'HkESihf
a*garm&udk&nfTef;onf/
vkum 17; 28-30 xdkenf;wlavmwvufxuf

vlrsm;wkdYonf
pm;aomuf a&mif;0,fvsuf? pdkufysdK;vsuf? Tdrfaqmufvsuf aeouJhokdYif;?
avmwonf aom'HkNrdKUrS xGufaomaeY aumif;uifrS uefYESifha&maom
rD;rdkCf;&Gm xdkvltaygif;wdkYudk okwfoify,f&Sif;ouJhokdYif;? vlom;
ay:xGef;aomaeY jzpfvdrfhrnf/
aemufvmrnfhw&m;pD&ifjcif;
95
bk&m;ocifonf w&m;rpD&ifrSD vlawGudktjrJwrf;owday;onf/ vGefcJhaom
ESpfaygif;rsm;pGmu aem{onf oabFmaqmuf a&vTrf;rdk;NyD; urmBuD;ysufpD;rnfh
taMumif;ajymaomtcg
vlwGuavSmifajymif&,farmMuonf/
obm0xuf
xl;jcm;vGefuJpGm wd&pmef rsm;ESpfaumifpDwGJ oabFmxJodkY0ifvmMuaomfvnf;
vlawGuawmhr,HkMuay/
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"r&mZ0if wwd,apmifwGif qufvufawGU&Sd &ygonf/ xdktxJrStcsdKUudkaz:jy&vQif
usD;t rsm;jzihfauR;arG;jcif;
{vd,EdkifiHtay:bk&m;ocif\w&m;pD&ifjcif;udk ajymNyD;rdkCf;r&GmrnfhtaMumif;udk
aMunmavonf/
NyD;rSbk&m;ocifonf
ac&dwfacsmif;em;rSmolYudk0Sufxm;NyD;
usD;ttm;jzihf auR;arG;cJhonf/
3&m17;1-4?6 *dv'fjynfw&SbdNrdK Uom;{vd,u?igudk;uG,faomoa&v

trsdK;\
bk&m;ocifxm0&bk&m;touf&Sifawmfrlonftwkdif;?ightcGifh
r&SdbJ tifwefumvywfvHk; rdkCf;r&Gm ? ESif;rus&[k tm[yfrif; tm;
>rwfqdk\/ xm0&bk&m;\ EIwfuywfawmfonf {vd,okdY a&mufvmonf
um;? oifonf t&yfrSxGufoGm;avmh/ ta&S okdYajymif; a,mf'ef
jrpfwbuf? Ac&dwf acsmif;em;rSm ykef; a&Smif aeavmh/ xdk acsmif;a&udk
aomuf&rnf/ usD;t wdkYonf oihfudk auR;arG;rnf taMumif;
igrSmxm;NyD[k rdefYawmfrlonf twkdif; ? usD;twdkYonf aeYwdkif;eHeufwcg?
nOD;wcg rkefYESifh trJom;udk aqmifcJhMu\/ acsmif;a&udkvnf;
aomuf&\/
tHhMozG,f&m*sHKESihfqD
ac&dwfacsmif;a&crf;ajcmufoGm;aomtcg bk&m;ocifonfolYudk Z&wNrdKUrS rkqdk;r
wOD;xHodkYapvTwfvdkufonf/ {vd,u olrudka&ESihf pm;p&mjyifqifay;&ef awmif;qdk
vdkufNyD; bk&m;ocifxHrSolrtwGuf*wdawmfudkay;vdkufonf/
3&m17;14 oa&vtrsdK;\bk&m;ocifxm0&bk&m;rdefYawmfrlonfum;?
xm0&bk&m;onf ajray:rSm rdkCf;&GmawmfrrlaprSDwkdifatmif? tkd;&Sdaom
rkefYnufrukef/ bl;&Sdaom qDravsmh&[k rdefYawmfrlaMumif;udk qifhqkd\/
oHk;ESpfESihfajcmufvywfvHk;rdkCf;r&Gmaomfvnf; bk&m;ocifonf {vd,? rkqdk;rESihf
ol\om;i,fudk obm0xufvGefcJhpGm auR;arG;jyKpkcJhayonf/ xdktcsdefrSmyif
aoqHk;oGmcJhaomrkqdk;r\om;i,fudkyif
bk&m;ocifjyefvnf
touf&SifcGihf
ay;cJhaMumif; awGU&Sd&ygonf/
wrefawmf,mukyfuajymonfrSm
jzpfygonf/
102
{vd,onf
uREfkyfwdkYuJhodkY
obm0vlom;yif
,mukyf 5;17 {vd,onf igwdYkuJhodkYavmu"Hw&m; usifvnfaomol

jzpffaomfvnf;? rdkCf;r&Gmrnf taMumif;txl;ojzifh qkawmif;aomtcg
oHk;ESpfESifh ajcmufvywfvHk; ajray:odkYrdkCf;r&GmbJae\/
rnfrQcGeftm;& p&maumif;ygovJ/ omrefvlom;wOD;omjzpffaom {vd,onf
obm0xufvGefuJaomt&mrsm;udk jyKjyifzefwD;Edkifovdk ,aeYuREfkyf wdkYtm;jzihfvnf;
obm0xufvGefuJrIrsm;jzpfvmEkdifygonf/
obm0xufxl;jcm;aom,ZfylaZmfrI
oHk;ESpfESihfajcmufvywfvHk;{vd,ykef;a&SmifaecsdefrSm tm[yfrif;uvnf; olYudkowf&ef
ae&mtESHYvdkuf&Smaeonf/ xdktcsdefwGif tm[yfonfbk&m;ocif\ya&mzufrsm;pGmudk
owfcJhNyD;NyD/ odkYaomfb&k m;ocifonftm[yfrawGUatmif {vd,udkzGufxm;ay;onf/
3&m18;17-20 awGUjrifaomtcg?oifonfoa&vtrsdK;udk aESmifh,Suf

aomol rSefoavm[k ar;vQif? {vd,u? igonfoa&vtrsdK ;udk
raESmuf,Suf? oifESifhoifhtaqGtrsdK;wkdYonf xm0&bk&m;\ ynwfw&m;
udkpGefY Amv bk&m;wkdUudkqnf;uyfojzifh? oa&vtrsdK;udk aESmuf&Suf
MuNyD/ okdY&mwGif ,ckvludkapvTwf oa&v trsdK;om; taygif; wdkYudk
if;? Amvya&mzuf av;&mig;q,fudk if;? a,ZaAvpm;yGJ pm;aom
tm&S&ya&mzuf av;&mudkif;? u&arvawmif? ighxHokdYpka0;apavmh[k
qkdonftwkdif;? tm[yfonf oa&vvltaygif;wdkY&Sd&mokdY vludk
apvTwf? ya&mzufwdkYudk u&arvawmifay:rSm pka0;ap\/
850 ESihfwa,muf
ua&arvawmifonf oa&vawmifydkif;e,fajrwGif&Sdonfh tvG,fwulxif&Sm;pGm
awGUjrifEkdifaom awmifukef;jzpfonf/ awmifab;wGif &Sdaeaomolrsm;onf
awmifxdyfwGif jzpfysuforQudk &Sif;vif;pGmjrifEdkifygonf/
ormusrf;pmu "r&mZ0ifwwd,apmif (18) udkazmfjyxm;onfrSm pdwfvIyf&Sm;p&m
aumif;ygonf/ rSm;,Gif;aomya&mzufrsm; onfreufydkif;rSp ,Zfaumifudk
jyifqifNyD; rD;vTwf pm;oHk;&efolwdkYbk&m;rsm;udkac:cJhMuonf/
aeYvnfydkif;xdbmrQrxl;jcm;vmaoG;l;aoG;wef;jzihfoludkYudk,folwdkYxdcdkuf&Sematm
ifvkyfNyD;olwdkYbk&m;udk tajzay;&ef awmif;yefjyefonf/ 850 aom ya&mzufrsm;
xdkuJhodkYjzpfaecsdefrSm wa,mufwnf;orm; {vd,rSmolwdkYudkavSmifajymifvsuf&Sdonf/
naeydkif;wGif{vd,onfol\,ZfaumifudkjyifqifNyD;,Zfaumiftay:rSmoHk;Budrfwkdifa
&avmif;ckdif;onf/ ,Zfaumifay:rS wqihf,Zfyvifywfvnfwl;xm;aom usHK;rsm;
jynfhvQHoGm;onfhwkdifyif NyD;rS {vd,onfwBudrfxJ wdkawmif;pGm qkawmif;onf/
3&m18;36-3 nOD;,H,ZfylaZmfcsdefa &mufaomtcg?ya&mzuf {vd,onf

csOf;vm? tmjA[H? Zmuf? oa&vwdkY\ bk&m;ocif xm0&bk&m;?
ukd,fawmfonf oa&vtrsdK;\ bk&ifbk&m;ocifjzpfawmfrlaMumif;udk?
tuRekfyfonf udk,fawmfuRefjzpf trdefY awmftwdkif; trItvHk;pHkwdkYudk
jyKaMumif;udkif;? ,aeYodM uygapaom/ tkdxm0&bk&m; udk,fawmfonf
xm0& t&Sifbk&m;cifjzpfawmfrlaMumif;udkif;? vlwkdY\ pdwfoabmudk
103
ajymif;vJapawmfrlaMumif;udkif;? olwdkYonfodapjcif;iSg tuREkfyfpum;udk

em;axmifawmfrlyg/ em;axmifawmfrlyg[k qkawmif;av\/
xm0&bk&m;onft&Sifocifjzpfonf
bmjzpfcJhygoenf;? ocifbk&m;xHrSrD;onfaumif;uifrSusvmum ,Zfaumif? xif;?
,Zfyvif? ausmufwHk;rsm;ESihfa&udkyg avmifuRrf;ygawmhonf/ xkdtjcif;t&mudk
jrifaomvltaygif;wdkYonf jyyf0yfvsufbk&m;ocifudkudk;uG,fMuygonf/
3&m18;38-39 xdktcgxm0&bk&m;\rD;onfusojzifh?rD;IdU&m ,Zf tp

&Sdaom xif;?ausmuf? ajrrIefYudkavmif usHK;&Sdaoma&udkvnf;
cef;ajcmuf ap\/ vltaygif;wkdYonf jrifvQif jyyf0yf? xm0&bk&m;onf
bk&m;ocifj zpfawmfrl\/ xm0&bk&m;onf bk&m;ocifj zpfawmfrl\ [k
0efcHMu\/
rnfrQaMumuf&GHUdkaoxdkufaomtHhMozG,f&medrdwfjzpfygovJ? yxr bk&m;ocifonf
{vd,tm;jzihf rdkCf;r&GmrnfhtaMumif; aMunmonf/ 'kwd, oHk;ESpfausmf rdk;acgif
aeaom tcsdefwGif {vd,udk umuG,fapmifha&Smufxm;onf/ NyD;rS aumif;uifrSrD;udk
apvTwf oludk,fwkdifxm0&bk&m;jzpfaMumif;oufaoxlonf/
"r&mZ0ifwwd,apmifonf{vd,tm;jzihf tHhMozG,f&m edrdwfvuPm xif&Sm;onfh
pmapmifjzpfonf/
{vd&SJtm;jzihftHhMozG,f&medrdwfvuPmrsm;
{vd&SJonf {vd,\wynfhwOD;jzpfNyD; {vd,aumif;uifodkYrwufcif ESpfqaom
0dnmOfwefcdk;udk
awmif;qdkcJholjzpfonf/
tHhMozG,f&medrdwfvuPmrsm;onf
avQmhroGm;bJ
{vd&SJtm;jzihfqufvufjzpfay:aecJhonfrSm
olawmif;qdkcJhonfh
twkdif;yifjzpfonf/
{vd,onfa,mf'efjrpfudk ESpfjcrf;uGJapcJhouJhodkY {vd&SJonf xdkenf;wljyKEkdifcJhonf/
{vd, onf*sHKESihfqDudkyGm;rsm;apcJhouJhodkY {vd&SJonfvnf; tHhMozG,f&mqDudk yGm;rsm;
apcJhonf/
rkqdk;r\qDudkwdk;yGm;apjcif;
4 &m 4;1-7 ya&mzuftrsdK;om;\ r,m;wpfa,mufonf {vd&SJxHokdY
vm? udk,fawmfuRef? uRefr\ cifyGef;aoygNyD/ ukd,fawmfuRefonf
xm0&bk&m;udk kdaoaomoljzpfo nfudk ukd,fawmfodawmfrl\/ ,ckrSm
a<u;&Sifonf uRefr\om;ESpfa,mufudk uRefcHapjcif;iSg vmygNyD[k
a<u;aMumfav\/ {vd&SJuvnf;? oifhtbdkYtb,fokdY igjyK&rnfenf; /
oifhtdrf
tb,fOpm&Sdoenf;ar;vQif?
udk,fawmfuRefrtdrf
qDtkd;wvHk; rS wyg;tjcm;tb,fOpmrS r&Sdyg[k ajymqkdaomf? {vd&SJu
oGm;avmh/ tdrfeD;csif;&SdorQwkdYwGif vyfaomtdk;wdkYudkiSg;,lavmh/ rsm;pGm
aom tdk;wkdYudk iSg;,lavmh/ ukd,f tdrfodkYa&mufaomtcg? om;wdkYudkac:
wHcg;udkydwfN yD;rS
iSg;,laomtdk;rsm;txJokdY
qDudktjynfhavmif;
xm;avmh[k
pD&ifonftwdkif;?
xdkrdef;ronfoGm;
om;wdkYonf
104
tdk;rsm;wdkYudk,lcJhNyD;rS?
rdef;ronfom;wdkYESifh
twltdrfxJokdY0if
wHcg;udkydwfvsuf qDudkavmif;av\/ tdk;rsm; qDjynfhaomtcg?
tdk;wvHk;udk,lcJhOD;[k om;tm;qkdvQif? tdk; vyfr&Sdyg[k jyefajymaomf?
qDonfwefYvQufae\/
xdkrdef;ronfvm
bk&m;ocif\
vlkudkMum;ajymvQif? oluxdkqDudkoGm; a&mif;NyD;vQif a<u;udkqyfavmh/
<uif;aomqDudktrSDjyK oifESifhom;wdkYonftoufarG;Muavmh[k qdk\ /
rpaxmufyHhrIESihfywfoufaom tHhMozG,f&mjzpfysufrI xdkrdef;ronf olr
,HkMunfonfhtwkdif;
wduspGm&&SdcJhjcif;jzpfonf/
olronftdk;tenf;i,fudkom
iSm;cJhonf r[kwf? ,HkMunfjcif;jzihf oliSm;cJhaom tdk;rsm;tjynfh qDrsm;udk &&SdcJhjcif;
jzpfonf/
"r&mZ0ifpwkwapmifonfvnf; {vd&SJtm;jzihfjzpfysufcJhaom tHhMozG,f&m edrdwf
vuPmrsm;jzihfjynfhvsuf&Sdonf/
obm0xufvGefuJaomtHhMozG,f&mtema&m*gaysmufuif;rIrsm;
"ra[mif;usrf;wGif tHhMozG,f&m
rSwfwrf;wif az:jyxm;ygonf/
tema&m*gaysmufuif;rIrsm;udk
qufvuf
rd&dtH\Elem
rd&dtHonfarma&SESihftmkef\nDrjzpf oa&vvlrsdK;\ acgif;aqmifwOD;vnf;
jzpfonf/ bk&m;ocifonfolwdkYtm; yifv,feDudk ausmfjzwfapNyD; &efolrsm;udk
acsrIef;atmifjrifEdkifcJhbk&m;ocifudk csD;rGrf;udk;uG,frI rd&dtHOD;aqmifcJhonf/
odkYaomfrd&dtHonftmkefESihftwla0zeftjypfwifaom0dnmOfqdk;udktcGihfay;vdkufjcif;
tm;jzihf arma&SudktaMumif;jycsufEpS f &yfjzifhpGJcsufwifa0zefcJhMuonf/
yxrtaMumif;wpfckrSm
arma&SvufxyfaomtDoD,dkyD;,m;rdef;rESihfoufqkdif
aemufxyf wpfckrSm oa&vvlrsdK;rsm; tay:arma&S\ OD;aqmifrIESihf ywfouf
jzpfonf/ xdktjypf\&v'faejzihfolrwGifEel ma&m*gpGJuyfvmaMumif; ormusrf;pmu
&Sif;vif; pGmazmfjyxm;cJhygonf/
awmvnf&m 12;1?2 arma&Sonf uk&StrsdK;om;rdef;rESihf pHkbufonf

jzpf? xdkrdef;raMumifh rd&dtHESifh tmkefonfarma&Sudk tjypfwifvsuf?
tu,f xm0&bk&m;onf? arma&Stm;jzifhomAsm'dwfay;awmfrloavm/
igwdkYtm;jzifh vnf; ay;awmfrrloavm[k qdkMu\/ xdkpum;udk
xm0&bk&m;Mum;awmfrl\/
;9?10 trsufawmfxGuf xm0&bk&m;<uoGm;awmfrlojzifh?rdkCf;wdrfonf
wJawmftay:rS uGmoGm;\/ rd&dtHonfvnf ;? ElempGJ rkdCf;yGifhuJhokd Y
jzLav\/ tmkefMunfh rd&dtHElonfudk jrifvQif?
tmkefESihfrd&d,Honf xdkElemudkjrifonfESihf csufjcif;yif olwdkY\ tjypftwGuf
0efcsawmif;yefcJhNyD;olrxHrS Elema&m*gaysmuf uif;oGm;ap&ef bk&m;ocifpDpOf
ay;avonf/
105
awmvnf&m12;11-14 tkdtuREkfyfocif?tuREfkyfwdkYonfrkdufrSm;aomtrI
udk jyKrd jypfrSm;aom tjypfud k tuREkfyfwdkY tay:rSmwifawmfrrlygESihf?
tuRekfyfawmif;yefyg\/
bGm;puyif
ukd,ftom;w0ufysufaom
taoaumif uJhokdY olonfrjzpfygapESifh[k awmif;yefvQif? arma&Su?
tdkbk&m;ocif? ol\ Elemudkaysmufa pawmfrlyg? tuREfkyfawmif;yefyg\[k
xm0&bk&m;tm; atmf[pfav\/
xm0&bk&m;uvnf;? ol\rsufESmudkwHawG;EsifhaxG;kHrQomjyKvQif? olonf
ckESpf&ufywfvHk;
t&SufuGJjcif;udkcH&rnf
r[kwfavm/
,ckwGif
olUudkESifxkwf ckESpf&ufvHk; wyfjyifrSmaeap/ xdkaemufrSwyfxJokdY
wzef0ifap[k arma&Stm;rdefYawmfrlonf twdkif;?
aeref\Elem
aeref\Elema&m*gaysmufuif;jcif;onfvnf;
"ra[mif;usrf;wGifazmfjyxm;onfh
pdwf0ifpm;p&m aumif;aomtHhMozG,f&m edrdwfvuPmwckjzpfonf/
tb,faMumifh{vd&SJonfolYudkawGUqHk&efjiif;y,f&oenf;/ tb,faMumifh ol\uRef
udkom apvTwfa,mf'efjrpfxJwGifckESpfBudrfESpf&efajymcdkif;&oenf;/
aerefonfBuD;us,faomol?
*kPfodum&SdaomolESihf&J0HhaompGrf;tm;BuD;onfh
qD;&D;,m; ppfAdkvfBuD;wOD;jzpfonf/ olaMumifh qD;&D;,m;ppfwyftm; atmifjrifrIudk
xm0&bk&m;ay;cJhonf/
4 "r 5;1
I&d&Sifbk&if
AdkvfcsKyfrif;aermefonf
rdrdocifxHrSm
rsufESm& aomol? bkef;BuD;aomoljzpf\/ taMumif;rlum;? I&djynfonf
xdkoltm;jzifh atmif&aomtcGihfudk xm0&bk&m;ay;awmfrlNyD/ xdkolonf
cGeftm;BuD;aom ppfol&Jjzpf\/ okdY&mwGif ElempGJ\/
aeref\r,m;xH oa&vvlrsdK;uRefrdef;ri,fwOD;&SdNyD;
{vd&SJ\ taMumif;ESihf pGrf;tm;wefcdk;udkod&Sd xm;onf/
olronf
ya&mzuf
4 "r 5;3
xdkuRefruvnf;?
uRefrocifonf
&Srm&dNrdKU&Sdaom
ya&mzufxHokdYa&mufygapaom/ xdkya&mzufonf ocifpGJaom Elemudk
aysmufapvdrfhrnf[k rdrdocifrtm;qdk\/
aerefonfolYbk&ifxHodkYoGm;umoa&vya&mzufxHodkYoGm;&ygrnfhtaMumif;cGifha
wmif;avonf/ odkYaomfqD;&D;,m; bk&ifxrH Spmudk oa&vbk&ifxHodkY ,loGm;aom
tcg bk&ifESpfyg;tMum;rajyvnfp&mjzpfcJh&onf/ (4&m 5;4-7)
rnfodkYyifjzpfapumrl {vd&SJonfowif;Mum;onfESihf aerefudk olYxHodkY apvTwf
apcJhonf/
4"r5;8-12
oa&v&Sifbk&ifonf\rdrdt0wfudkqkwfonf[kbk&m;
ocif\vl {vd&SJonfM um;vQif? udk,fawmfonf tb,fhaMumifh t0wfudk
qkwfoenf; / xdkolonfighxHokdYvmygavap/ oa&vjynf ya&mzuf
&Sdonfudk odvdrfhrnf[k &Sifbk&ifudkrSmvdkufav\/ xdkaMumifh? aermef
onf jrif; &xm;udk pD;oGm; {vd&JS tdrfa&SUrSm &yfae\/ {vd&SJu?
106
oifonfoGm ; a,mf'efjrpf ckESpfBudrfw dkifatmifa&csdK;avmh/ tom;

ajymif; oefY&Sif;vdrfhrnf[k vludk apvTwf ajym\/ aerefuvnf;?
tu,f
ya&mzufonfxGufvmrnf/
ightem;rSm
&yfvsuf?
rdrdbk&m;ocifxm0&bk&m;\ emrudkac: rdrdvufESifh oHk;oyfojzifh
Elemudkaysmufaprnf[k igxif\/ 'rmoufj ynftmAemjrpf? Zmzm jrpf
wdkYonf oa&vjrpftvHk;pHkxufom aumif;onf r[kwfavm/xdkjrpf
iga&csdK; roefU&Sif;&oavm[k qkdvsuf? trsufxGuf jyefoGm;\/
aerefonfol\tema&m*gaysmufuif;rIudkolUzmomolpdwful;,OfBudKwifawG;xm;
cJhonf/ ol\taetxm;ESihfoihfavsmfaom pdwful;wckyifjzpfonf/ ol ol\
udk,fydkifyHkpHwck&SdaecJhonf/ odkYaomfbk&m;ocifu{vd&SJudkolbmvkyf&rvJqdkwmudkom
ajymckdif;cJhonf/
4 "r 5;13-14
uRefwdkYonfcsOf;vm tb?cufaomtrIudkjyK&rnf
[k
ya&mzufpD&ifvQif?
jyKawmfrlrnfr[kwfavm/
a&csdK;om
oefY&Sif;jcif; okdY
a&mufavmh[k
pD&ifvQiftb,frQavmuf
om
jyKoifhygonfwum;[k avQmufMuaomf? aerefonfoGm; bk&m;ocif\
vlpD&ifonftwkdif;? a,mf'efjrpf ukd,fudk ckESpfBudrfESpfojzifh? ol\
tom;onf oli,f\ tom; uJhokdY ajymif; oefY&Sif;jcif;okdYa&muf\/
aeref,HkMunfonfrSmya&mzufxHodkYvm,Hkomjzpfonf/ xdkYaMumifholonf ta>ct&H
rsm;ESihftwl rmejzihf vmcJhonf/ ol <u,f0onfhtwkdif; ya&mzufudkvnf; ay;&rnf
[k arQmfvihfNyD;vmcJhonf/
4 "r 5;5c oa&v&Sifbk&ifxHawmfokdY pmay;vdkufrnf[k trdefY

awmf twkdif;? aerefonf aiGtcG ufw&m? a&TtcGufajcmufq,f? t0wf
q,fpHkudk ,loGm;?
Elema&m*gaysmufuif;&efolvdktyfaomt&mrSm emcHrIESihf olYudk,folESdrfhcs&efjzpfonf/
ol\tema&m*gvHk;0aysmufuif;&jcif;\&v'fjzpfaomudk,fcEmydkif;qkdif&mxufom
ta&;BuD;onfht&mrSm xm0&bk&m; udkol\t&Sifociftjzpf vufcHoGm;jcif;
yifjzpfonf/
4 "r 5;17 aerefuvnf;? okdYjzpfvQif udk,fawmfuRefonf jrnf;ESpfpD;

ESifh wif ajrtenf;i,fudk ,lyg&ap/ ukd,fawmfuRefonf rD;IdU&m,Zf
tp&Sdaom tb,f,ZfukdrQ xm0&bk&m;rSwyg;? tjcm;bk&m;tm;
aemufwzefrylaZmfyg/
a[Zudbk&if
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olpdk;pHaepOfumvwGif olonfxm0& bk&m;udkqnf;uyfcdkvHI ynwfawmfwdkYudk
apmifha&SmufaMumif;? xm0&bk&m;onfolESihftwl&SdawmfrlojzihfolonfjyKav&m&m
atmifjrifonfh taMumif;rsm;udkormusrf;pmuazmfjyxm;onf/
4&m 18;5-7u
oa&vtrsdK;\
bk&m;ocifxm0&bk&m;udk
xdkrif; ckdvIH ouJhokdY? olYaemuf rSm cdkvIHaom&Sifbk&if wa,mufrQr&Sd?
107
a&Suumv vnf;r&Sd/ xm0&bk&m;qnf;uyf aemufawmfokdY

tpOftNrJvdkufojzifh arma&Sxm0&bk&m;xm;awmfrlaom ynwfawmf
wdkYudk apmifha&Smufav\/ xm0&bk&m;onf olESifhtwl&Sdawmfrlojzifh?
olonfjyKav&m&m atmifav\/
14 ESpfMumbk&iftjzpfpdk;pHaepOfaoempGJavonf/ a[Zud rif;onf olao&
awmhrnftaMumif; od&Sdaomtcgolonfaumif;aombk&ifjzpfaMumif;? xm0&bk&m;
a&SUawmfarSmufwGifopm&Sdaomol pHkvifaomoljzpfaMumif; bk&m;ocifudk jyefvnf
today;onf/
4&m 20;1
xdkumvtcg a[Zudrif;onf aoempGJojzifh? tmrkwfom;
ya&mzufa[&Sm,onf vm xm0&bk&m;rdefYawmfrlonfum;? ukd,ftdrf
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tuREkfyf
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4&m 20;4-6 a[&Sm,onf
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ra&mufrSD
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oifonfoHk; &ufvGefvQif AdrmefawmfokdYwuf&vdrfhrnf/ oifhtouf
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igu,fvTwfrnf/ ighrsufESmudkif;? ighuRef'g0d'f\ rsufESmudkif;?
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taMumif; a[&Sm,tm;jzihfMum;&aomxm0& bk&m;\pum;udk pdwfrcsaomaMumifh
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qdkonfhtwkdif;jyKvkyfay;cJhonf/
4&m 20;8-11 a[Zudrif; uvnf;?

xm0&bk&m;onf
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tb,fvuPm oufao&Sdoenf; [kar;vQif? a[&Sm,u? xm0&bk&m;
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t&dyfonf q,fcsufwdk;vG,f\/ xkdokdYtvdkr&Sd? q,fcsuf qkwfygap
108
[kjyefajym\/ ya&mzufa[&Sm,onfvnf;? xm0&bk&m; tm; qkawmif;

aomtcg? tmcwf\ aewkdif;em&Day:rSm q,fcsufa&GUNyD;aom t&dyfudk
q,fcsufjyefapawmfrl\/
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vwfvwf jypfcscH&aomvloHk;a,muf)
wcgw&Hbk&m;ocifu
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jrnf;tm;jzihf bk&m;ocifpum;ajymcJhonf/
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obm0xuf vGefuJaom wefcdk;jzifhatifjrifausmfvTm;Ekdifygvdrhfrnf/
1/ oa&vvlrsdK;rsm; awmxJc&D;jyKpOf bk&m;ocif\ xif&Sm;aomedrdwfvuPmtm;jzifh rpaxmufyifh
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3/
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109
oifcef;pm (10)
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cgeefjynfodkY0ifa&mufjcif;
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e,fpyf
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l dkYcgeefjynfxJodkY
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awmvnf&m 13;27-29
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apvTwfaomjynfokdYa&mufcJhygNyD/
tu,fpifppfxdkjynfonf
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110
olvQdK10OD;\wHkYjyefrIrSm
awmvnf&m 13;31-33
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oa&vtrsdK;om;wdkYtm; raumif;aom odwif;udk Mum;ajym Mu\/
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awmvnf&m 14;6-11
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a,mI?
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awmvnf&m 14;10?11
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111
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a,mI
2;9-11
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112
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120

Burmese - Patterns For Living From The Old Testament

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