Index Foil strain gages, 73, 74 Following errors, 525, 624 Follow-up systems, 388 Force, standard, 116

Force control with neural networks, 803 804 Forced response of system, 328 Force sensors, 855859 Force servosystems, 593 Forecasting methods, 276277 Fouling, 185 Four-arm bridge, 86, 87 Four-arm bridge with constant-voltage power supply, 82 Four-bit A / D converters, 852 Fourier series, 340 Fourier transform, 189190 fast, 190191 inverse, 205 Four-terminal element, 307, 308 Four-way servovalves, 582 Four-wire bridge circuit, 155, 156 Four-wire Callendar bridge circuit, 155, 156 Four-wire direct circuit, 155, 156 FPGA, see Field programmable gate array Free response of system, 328 Frequency compensation, 632645 higher-order effects, 641, 642, 645 PID controller equivalence to, 656, 658659 poorly damped systems, 637644 well-damped systems, 633637 Frequency domain, 506509 Frequency-domain analysis of linear systems, 189191 Frequency-domain ltering, 205 Frequency polygon, 16 Frequency response, 77, 95, 104, 338, 339 Frequency response plots, 339350 Frequency shaping, 772775 F-statistics, 24 Functional approximation properties, 793, 796 Function block diagrams (FBDs), 690 694 Function blocks, 691, 693, 695 Fundamental attribution error, 280 Future estimate of single point, 20 Fuzzy logic control, 441, 794 Fuzzy logic (FL) systems, 809810

887

G
Gage factor (F ), 75 Gain and shift ampliers, 843 Gain margin (GM), 420, 504, 506509 Gain matrix selection, 759 Gain-phase plots, 505507 Gain range, 103 Gain selection criteria, 409414 nonlinearities and control performance, 413, 414 optimal-control methods, 411412 performance indices, 410411 reset windup, 414 ZieglerNichols rules, 412413 Gain stability with temperature, 103 Galil Motion Control, Inc., 434, 437, 438 Gallons per minute (GPM), 175 Galvanic emf, 148, 149 Gas sensors, 870, 873 Gas temperature measurements, 150151 Gaussian distribution, 362363 Gaussian frequency distribution, 124 Gaussian probability density function, 17 GB (gigabyte), 848 G-codes (preparatory functions), 702 G-code level, 697 Generalized HJB equation, 811 General-purpose control devices (GPCDs), 678715 characteristics of, 678686 device architecture of, 681682 hierarchical control of, 678680 numerical, 696710 path control of, 686 programmability of, 680681 programmable, 687696 robot, 711715 sequential control of, 682686 Gigabyte (GB), 848 Global truncation error, 358 GM, see Gain margin Goodness of t, 8, 1516 GPCDs, see General-purpose control devices GPM (gallons per minute), 175 GRAFCET specication language, 682