Simple Present

What do you do? Qu haces? - What does he do? Qu hace?

I, we, you, they he, she, it

subject + 1 subject + 1 > s

Negative I don't go You don't go He doesn't go She doesn't go It doesn't go We don't go You don't go They don't go

1 go

2 went

3 gone

Affirmative I go You go He goes She goes It goes We go You go They go Affirmative

Interrogative Do I go ? Do you go ? Does he go ? Does she go ? Does it go ? Do we go ? Do you go ? Do they go ?

subject + 1 > "s" (he, she, it)

I go to New York - Voy a New York He goes to New York - El va a New York Negative

subject + don't / doesn't + 1

I don't go to New York - No voy a New York He doesn't go to New York - El no va a New York Interrogative

Do / Does + subject + 1 ?

Do I go to New York ? - Voy a New York ? Does he go to New York ? - Va l a New York ?

usos del presente simple

Acciones habituales (estilos de vida, hbitos, rutina diaria).
Lucas gets up at 9:00 am. Lucas se levanta a las nueve. Paul and I do a lot of things every day. Paul y yo hacemos muchas cosas a diario.

Hechos o verdades generales.

The sun sets in the west. El sol se pone por el oeste. The Earth goes around the sun. La Tierra gira alrededor del sol.

Situaciones permanentes.
Maria lives in Buenos Aires. Mara vive en Buenos Aires. It costs a lot of money to stay at the Hilton. Cuesta mucho dinero alojarse en el Hilton.

Primer Condicional.
If you heat butter, it melts. Si calientas manteca, sta se derrite. Contact me if you need any help. Ponte en contacto conmigo si necesitas ayuda.

expresiones usuales del presente simple

often - generally - usually - always - never every day - every week - every month - every year - sometimes

Progressive Present
What are you doing? Qu ests haciendo? subject + am/is/are + 1 > "ing"
1 go 2 went 3 gone

...ing (...ando, ...endo)

Affirmative I am going You are going He is going She is going It is going We are going You are going They are going Negative I am not going You are not going He is not going She is not going It is not going We are not going You are not going They are not going Interrogative Am I going ? Are you going ? Is he going ? Is she going ? Is it going ? Are we going ? Are you going ? Are they going ?

subject + am/is/are + 1 > "ing" Affirmative I am going to New York - Estoy yendo a New York He is going to New York - El est yendo a New York Negative subject + am/is/are + not + 1 > "ing" I am not going to New York - No estoy yendo a New York He is not going to New York - El no est yendo a New York Am/Is/Are + subject + 1 > "ing" ? Interrogative Am I going to New York ? - Estoy yendo a New York ? Is he going to New York ? - Est l yendo a New York ?

usos del presente continuo

Acciones que ocurren en el momento de hablar.
Lucas is getting up now. Lucas se est levantando ahora. My wife is having lunch now. Mi esposa est almorzando ahora.

Planes futuros que han sido confirmados.

The manager is meeting me tonight. El gerente se va a reunir conmigo esta noche. They are arriving tomorrow morning. Van a llegar maana por la maana.

Acciones que tendrn lugar en un futuro prximo y sobre las que se ha tomado una resolucin firme.
I am going to visit their office in Caracas next week. Voy a visitar su oficina de Caracas la prxima semana.

Acciones habituales con sentido negativo que llevan always.

Mike is always talking nonsense. Mike siempre est hablando estupideces. He is always annoying his friends. Siempre est molestando a sus amigos.

verbos que no suelen utilizarse en presente continuo

know - like - want - love - hate - need

expresiones usuales del presente continuo

the next - at moment - now - in this week on Sunday - this evening - tomorrow

Simple Present Perfect

What have you done? Qu has hecho? subject + have / has + 3
Affirmative I have gone You have gone He has gone She has gone It has gone We have gone You have gone They have gone Affirmative Negative I haven't gone You haven't gone He hasn't gone She hasn't gone It hasn't gone We haven't gone You haven't gone They haven't gone 1 go 2 went 3 gone

Interrogative Have I gone ? Have you gone ? Has he gone ? Has she gone ? Has it gone ? Have we gone ? Have you gone ? Have they gone ?

subject + have / has + 3

I have gone to New York - He ido a New York He has gone to New York - El ha ido a New York Negative

subject + haven't / hasn't + 3

I haven't gone to New York - No he ido a New York He hasn't gone to New York - El no ha ido a New York Interrogative

Have / Has + subject + 3 ?

Have I gone to New York? - He ido a New York ? Has he gone to New York? - Ha ido l a New York?

usos del presente perfecto simple

Por regla general, se lo utiliza para describir acciones que empezaron en el pasado y que an no han finalizado o que guardan alguna relacin con el presente.

Con el adverbio just: acciones que acaban de ocurrir.

The President has just arrived from the US. El Presidente acaba de llegar desde EEUU. They both have just left for Bogota. Ambos acaban de partir para Bogot.

Con las preposiciones for y since.

We have lived in Italy for three years. Hemos vivido en Italia durante tres aos. I haven't heard from you since 1990!! No he tenido noticias tuyas desde 1990!!

Con los adverbios yet y already.

They haven't taken the Basic Exam yet. No han rendido el Examen Bsico an. I have already taken the Intermediate Exam. Ya he rendido el Examen Intermedio.

Con el grado superlativo de un adjetivo.

OM Smiles has always been one of the funniest sections in OM Personal. OM Smiles ha sido siempre una de las secciones ms divertidas de OM Personal.

Con las expresiones: It's the first, It's the second, etc.
It's the first time I have flown United. Es la primera vez que vuelo por United. It's the second time she has had lunch today. Es la segunda vez que almuerza hoy.

expresiones usuales del presente perfecto simple

since - for - just - ago - lately yet - already - never - ever - recently

Progressive Present Perfect

What have you been doing? Qu has estado haciendo? subject + have / has + been + 1 > "ing"
Affirmative I have been going You have been going He has been going She has been going It has been going We have been going You have been going They have been going Affirmative Negative I haven't been going You haven't been going He hasn't been going She hasn't been going It hasn't been going We haven't been going You haven't been going They haven't been going 1 go 2 went 3 gone

Interrogative Have I been going ? Have you been going ? Has he been going ? Has she been going ? Has it been going ? Have we been going ? Have you been going ? Have they been going ?

subject + have/has + been + 1 > "ing"

I have been going to New York - He estado yendo a New York He has been going to New York - El ha estado yendo a New York subject + haven't / hasn't + been + 1 > "ing" Negative I haven't been going to New York - No he estado yendo a New York He hasn't been going to New York - El no ha estado yendo a New York Interrogative Have / Has + subject + been + 1 > "ing" ? Have I been going to New York? - He estado yendo a New York ? Has he been going to New York? - Ha estado l yendo a New York?

usos del presente perfecto continuo

Actividades que comenzaron en el pasado y continan en el presente y resaltan la duracin del proceso.
Monica and her husband have been living in Barcelona for ten years. Mnica y su esposo llevan viviendo en Barcelona diez aos.

Acciones que comenzaron en el pasado y pueden o no haber finalizado recientemente y resaltan la duracin del proceso.

The weather is really bad. It has been raining all night. El tiempo est realmente malo. Ha estado lloviendo toda la noche.

Acciones del pasado que acaban de concluir y cuyo estado es evidente.

Hmm. Nice smelling!! Have you been cooking your birthday cake? Hmm. Qu lindo aroma!! Has estado cocinando tu torta de cumpleaos?

Simple Modals
What (can/could) you do? Qu (puedes/podras) hacer? What (may/might) you do? Qu (puedes/podras) hacer? What (must/should) you do? Qu (debes/deberas) hacer? subject + modal + 1
Affirmative I can go I could go I may go I might go I must go I should go Affirmative 1 go Negative I can't go I couldn't go I may not go I might not go I mustn't go I shouldn't go 2 went 3 gone

Interrogative Can I go ? Could I go ? May I go ? Might I go ? Must I go ? Should I go ?

subject + modal + 1

I can go to New York - Puedo ir a New York (posibilidad fsica, conocimiento) I could go to New York - Podra ir a New York (alternativa) I may go to New York - Puedo ir a New York (permiso) I might go to New York - Podra ir a New York (posibilidad) I must go to New York - Debo ir a New York (obligacin) I should go to New York - Debera ir a New York (obligacin moral, consejo) Negative

subject + modal + not + 1

I can't go to New York - No puedo ir a New York I couldn't go to New York - No podra ir a New York I may not go to New York - No puedo ir a New York I might not go to New York - No podra ir a New York I mustn't go to New York - No debo ir a New York I shouldn't go to New York - No debera ir a New York Interrogative

modal + subject + 1 ?

Can I go to New York ? - Puedo ir a New York ? Could I go to New York ? - Podra ir a New York ?

May I go to New York ? - Puedo ir a New York ? Might I go to New York ? - Podra ir a New York ? Must I go to New York ? - Debo ir a New York ? Should I go to New York ? - Debera ir a New York ?

Simple Past
What did you do? Qu hiciste?

subject + 2
Affirmative I went You went He went She went It went We went You went They went

1 go Negative I didn't go You didn't go He didn't go She didn't go It didn't go We didn't go You didn't go They didn't go

2 went

3 gone

Interrogative Did I go ? Did you go ? Did he go ? Did she go ? Did it go ? Did we go ? Did you go ? Did they go ?

subject + 2 Affirmative I went to New York - Fui a New York He went to New York - El fue a New York subject + didn't + 1 Negative I didn't go to New York - No fui a New York He didn't go to New York - El no fue a New York Did + subject + 1 ? Interrogative Did I go to New York? - Fui a New York ? Did he go to New York? - Fue l a New York?

usos del pasado simple

Acciones pasadas que tuvieron lugar en determinado momento y que ya han finalizado.
My parents didn't work last week. Mis padres no trabajaron la semana pasada. Lina worked in a bank from 1995 to 2002. Lina trabaj en un banco desde 1995 a 2002.

Hechos pasados expresados en secuencia.

Sheila got up at 7 am, had breakfast, took a shower and went to work at 9 am.

Sheila se levant a las 7, desayun, se duch y fue a trabajar a las 9.

expresiones usuales del pasado simple

yesterday - last night - before - ago - in 2002 on their vacation - last weekend - last month - last year

Simple Past Perfect

What had you done? Qu habas hecho?

subject + had + 3
Affirmative I had gone You had gone He had gone She had gone It had gone We had gone You had gone They had gone Affirmative Negative I hadn't gone You hadn't gone He hadn't gone She hadn't gone It hadn't gone We hadn't gone You hadn't gone They hadn't gone

1 go

2 went

3 gone

Interrogative Had I gone ? Had you gone ? Had he gone ? Had she gone ? Had it gone ? Had we gone ? Had you gone ? Had they gone ?

subject + had + 3

I had gone to New York - Yo haba ido a New York He had gone to New York - El haba a New York Negative

subject + hadn't + 3

I hadn't gone to New York - Yo no haba ido a New York He hadn't gone to New York - El no haba ido a New York Interrogative

Had + subject + 3 ?

Had I gone to New York? - Haba ido yo a New York ? Had he gone to New York? - Haba ido l a New York?

usos del pasado perfecto simple

Accin del pasado que tuvo lugar antes que otra.
Her plane had already left when Thelma arrived at the airport. Su vuelo ya haba partido cuando Thelma lleg al aeropuerto.

Con el adverbio just para expresar una accin que acaba de ocurrir.
When Oliver phoned, the kids had just gone to bed.

Cuando Oliver llam por telfono, los nios acababan de acostarse.

Tercer Condicional.
If I had known that you were sick, I would have gone to see you. Si hubiese sabido que estabas enfermo, te habra ido a ver.

Progressive Past
What were you doing? Qu estabas (estuviste) haciendo? subject + was/were + 1 >ing
1 go 2 went 3 gone

...ing (...ando, ...endo)

Affirmative I was going You were going He was going She was going It was going We were going You were going They were going Affirmative Negative I was not going You were not going He was not going She was not going It was not going We were not going You were not going They were not going Interrogative Was I going ? Were you going ? Was he going ? Was she going ? Was it going ? Were we going ? Were you going ? Were they going ?

subject + was/were + 1 > "ing"

I was going to New York - Estaba (estuve) yendo a New York You were going to New York - Ud. estaba (estuvo) yendo a New York Negative

subject + was/were + not + 1 > "ing"

I was not going to New York - No estaba (estuve) yendo a New York You were not going to New York - Ud. no estaba (estuvo) yendo a New York Interrogative

Was/Were + subject + 1 > "ing" ?

Was I going to New York ? - Estaba (estuve) yendo a New York ? Were you going to New York ? - Estaba (estuvo) Ud. yendo a New York ?

usos del pasado continuo

Actividades que ocurran en determinado momento del pasado y que continuaron despus.
At 11 am I was preparing our lunch. A las 11 estaba preparando nuestro almuerzo.

Actividades interrumpidas por acciones ms cortas.

While my friend was taking a shower, the telephone rang. Mientras mi amiga estaba duchndose, son el telfono. While Martha was listening to music, her brother did his homework. Mientras Martha escuchaba msica, su hermano hizo sus deberes

Acciones simultneas (ambas en presente continuo).

The kids were running and their grandfather was reading an old paper. Los nios estaban corriendo y su abuelo estaba leyendo un antiguo peridico.

Progressive Past Perfect

What had you been doing? Qu habas estado haciendo? subject + had + been + 1 > "ing"
Affirmative I had been going You had been going He had been going She had been going It had been going We had been going You had been going They had been going Affirmative Negative I hadn't been going You hadn't been going He hadn't been going She hadn't been going It hadn't been going We hadn't been going You hadn't been going They hadn't been going 1 go 2 went 3 gone

Interrogative Had I been going ? Had you been going ? Had he been going ? Had she been going ? Had it been going ? Had we been going ? Had you been going ? Had they been going ?

subject + had + been + 1 > "ing"

I had been going to New York - Haba estado yendo a New York He had been going to New York - El haba estado yendo a New York Negative

subject + hadn't + been + 1 > "ing"

I hadn't been going to New York - No haba estado yendo a New York He hadn't been going to New York - El no haba estado yendo a New York Interrogative

Had + subject + been + 1 > "ing" ?

Had I been going to New York? - Haba estado yo yendo a New York ? Had he been going to New York? - Haba estado l yendo a New York?

usos del pasado perfecto continuo

Resalta la duracin de una accin que ocurri en el pasado antes que otra.
I was very tired when I arrived home. I had been working hard all day. Estaba muy cansado cuando llegu a casa. Haba estado trabajando mucho todo el da. Ken had been smoking for 30 years when he finally gave it up. Ken haba estado fumando durante treinta aos cuando finalmente dej de fumar. The soccer game had to be stopped. They had been playing for half an hour when a

terrible storm began. El partido de ftbol tuvo que ser detenido. Haban estado jugando durante media hora cuando empez una espantosa tormenta.

Simple Future
What will you do? Qu hars?

subject + will + 1
Affirmative I will go You will go He will go She will go It will go We will go You will go They will go Affirmative I will go to New York - Ir a New York

1 go Negative

2 went

3 gone

Interrogative Will I go ? Will you go ? Will he go ? Will she go ? Will it go ? Will we go ? Will you go ? Will they go ?

I won't go You won't go He won't go She won't go It won't go We won't go You won't go They won't go

subject + will + 1

He will go to New York - El ir a New York Negative

subject + won't (will not) + 1

I won't go to New York - No ir a New York He won't go to New York - El no ir a New York Interrogative Will I go to New York ? - Ir a New York ? Will he go to New York ? - Ir l a New York ?

Will + subject + 1 ?

usos del futuro simple

Acciones que se van a desarrollar con certeza en el futuro.
I will play tennis tomorrow. Jugar tenis maana. OM Personal will be six in 2005. OM Personal cumplir seis aos en el 2005.

Prediccin en el futuro.
It will snow tomorrow. Nevar maana.

Promesas.
"Every Argentinian will have a job in this blessed country." (Carlos Menem) "Todo Argentino tendr un puesto de trabajo en este bendito pas." (Carlos Menem)

Ofrecimientos.
I will stay with you all night if you really need it. Me quedar contigo toda la noche si realmente lo necesitas.

Suele utilizarse el auxiliar shall (o su contraccin 'll) para el futuro de la primera persona del singular y del plural.
We shall go to the movies = We will go to the movies We'll go to the movies. Iremos al cine.

expresiones usuales del futuro simple

tomorrow - the day after tomorrow - in 2010 next Monday - next week - next month - next year

Simple Future Perfect

What will you have done? Qu habrs hecho? subject + will have + 3
Affirmative I will have gone You will have gone He will have gone She will have gone It will have gone We will have gone You will have gone They will have gone Negative I will not have gone You will not have gone He will not have gone She will not have gone It will not have gone We will not have gone You will not have gone They will not have gone 1 go 2 went 3 gone

Interrogative Will I have gone ? Will you have gone ? Will he have gone ? Will she have gone ? Will it have gone ? Will we have gone ? Will you have gone ? Will they have gone ?

NEGATIVE CONTRACTION: WILL NOT = WON'T Affirmative

subject + will have + 3

I will have gone to New York - Habr ido a New York He will have gone to New York - El habr ido a New York Negative

subject + won't have + 3

I won't have gone to New York - No habr ido a New York He won't have gone to New York - El no habr ido a New York Interrogative

Will + subject + have + 3 ?

Will I have gone to New York? - Habr ido a New York ? Will he have gone to New York? - Habr ido l a New York?

usos del futuro perfecto

Acciones que ya se estn desarrollando o que se van a desarrollar en el futuro, pero que cuando llegue ese momento futuro que se menciona la accin ya habr finalizado.
By tomorrow I will have finished my book.

Para maana, habr terminado este libro. Before winter, you will have sold your old car. Antes del invierno, habrs vendido tu antiguo automvil. Before we arrive home, Mom will have prepared our breakfast. Antes de que lleguemos a casa, mam habr preparado nuestro desayuno. We will not have finished these reports by 7 pm!! No habremos finalizado estos informes para las 7 de la tarde!!

expresiones usuales del futuro perfecto

by 10 pm - by Monday - by tomorrow - by 2010 by next week - by next month - by next year

Progressive Future
What will you be doing? Qu estars haciendo? subject + will be + 1 > "ing"
1 go 2 went 3 gone

...ing (...ando, ...endo)

Affirmative I will be going You will be going He will be going She will be going It will be going We will be going You will be going They will be going Negative I will not be going You will not be going He will not be going She will not be going It will not be going We will not be going You will not be going They will not be going Interrogative Will I be going ? Will you be going ? Will he be going ? Will she be going ? Will it be going ? Will we be going ? Will you be going ? Will they be going ?

subject + will be + 1 > "ing" Affirmative I will be going to New York - Estar yendo a New York He will be going to New York - El estar yendo a New York Negative subject + won't (will not) be + 1 > "ing" I won't be going to New York - No estar yendo a New York He won't be going to New York - El no estar yendo a New York Will + subject + be + 1 > "ing" ? Interrogative Will I be going to New York ? - Estar yendo a New York ? Will he be going to New York ? - Estar l yendo a New York ?

usos del futuro continuo

Acciones que van a tener lugar en el futuro y que, al momento del tiempo al que nos referimos, seguirn desarrollndose. No siempre se menciona en la oracin el momento del futuro.
We will be watching TV. Estaremos viendo televisin.

Tonight we will be watching TV. Esta noche estaremos viendo televisin. She will be visiting me. Me estar visitando. She will be visiting me on Sunday. Me estar visitando el domingo.

expresiones usuales del futuro continuo

tomorrow - the day after tomorrow - in 2010 next Monday - next week - next month - next year

Progressive Future Perfect

What will you have been doing? Qu habrs estado haciendo?
subject + will have been + 1 > "ing" 1 go 2 went 3 gone

...ing (...ando, ...endo)

Affirmative I will have been going You will have been going He will have been going She will have been going It will have been going We will have been going You will have been going They will have been going Affirmative Negative I will not have been going You will not have been going He will not have been going She will not have been going It will not have been going We will not have been going You will not have been going They will not have been going Interrogative Will I have been going ? Will you have been going ? Will he have been going ? Will she have been going ? Will it have been going ? Will we have been going ? Will you have been going ? Will they have been going ?

subject + will have been + 1 > "ing"

I will have been going to New York - Habr estado yendo a New York He will have been going to New York - El habr estado yendo a New York subject + won't (will not) have beeen + 1 > "ing" Negative I won't have been going to New York - No habr estado yendo a New York He won't have been going to New York - El no habr estado yendo a New York Interrogative Will + subject + have been + 1 > "ing" ? Will I have been going to New York ? - Habr estado yendo a New York ? Will he have been going to New York ? - Habr l estado yendo a New York ?

usos del futuro perfecto continuo

Acontecimientos o acciones pertenecientes a un perodo de tiempo entre ahora y algn momento del futuro, que puede serincompleto.
I will have been waiting here for five hours by 10 pm.

Habr estado esperando aqu durante cinco horas cuando sean las 10 de la noche. By the time you finish our OM Basic Course, you will have been learning American English for six months. Para cuando finalices nuestro OM Curso Bsico, habrs estado aprediendo Ings Americano durante seis meses. By 2100 OM Personal will have been teaching on the Internet for a century. Para el 2100 OM Personal habr estado enseando en Internet durante un siglo.

expresiones usuales del futuro perfecto continuo

By the time you ... - By 2020 ... - By 8:00 am tomorrow ...

Simple Conditional
What would you do? Qu haras? subject + would + 1
Affirmative I would go You would go He would go She would go It would go We would go You would go They would go Affirmative I would go to New York - Yo ira a New York He would go to New York - El ira a New York Negative 1 go Negative I wouldn't go You wouldn't go He wouldn't go She wouldn't go It wouldn't go We wouldn't go You wouldn't go They wouldn't go 2 went 3 gone

Interrogative Would I go ? Would you go ? Would he go ? Would she go ? Would it go ? Would we go ? Would you go ? Would they go ?

subject + would + 1

subject + wouldn't + 1

I wouldn't go to New York - Yo no ira a New York He wouldn't go to New York - El no ira a New York Interrogative

Would + subject + 1 ?

Would I go to New York ? - Ira yo a New York ? Would he go to New York ? - Ira l a New York ?

usos del condicional simple

Comentarios acerca de algo que no es real en el presente pero que puede ser posible.
I would visit her if I had time. (I haven't got time but I might have some time) Yo la visitara si tuviese tiempo. (Realmente no tengo tiempo pero podra tenerlo)

Comentarios acerca de una situacin que no es real en estos

momentos y que nunca podra serlo.

If I were you, I would give up smoking. (but I could never be you). Si estuviera en tu lugar, dejara el cigarrillo. (pero nunca podra estar en tu lugar)

Segundo Condicional (Condicional tipo II).

If I were a plant, I would love the rain. Si fuera un rbol, me encantara la lluvia. If you really loved me, you would buy me a Mercedes XL600. Si realmente me amaras, me compraras un Mercedes XL600. Would your father go to see the match if I gave him a free ticket? Ira tu padre a ver el partido si le diese una entrada gratis?

expresiones usuales del condicional simple

If I were ... - If she were ...

Progressive Conditional
What would you be doing? Qu estaras haciendo?
subject + would be + 1 > "ing" 1 go 2 went 3 gone

...ing (...ando, ...endo)

Affirmative I would be going You would be going He would be going She would be going It would be going We would be going You would be going They would be going Negative I would not be going You would not be going He would not be going She would not be going It would not be going We would not be going You would not be going They would not be going Interrogative Would I be going ? Would you be going ? Would he be going ? Would she be going ? Would it be going ? Would we be going ? Would you be going ? Would they be going ?

subject + would be + 1 > "ing" Affirmative I would be going to New York - Yo estara yendo a New York He would be going to New York - El estara yendo a New York Negative subject + wouldn't (would not) be + 1 > "ing" I wouldn't be going to New York - Yo no estara yendo a New York He wouldn't be going to New York - El no estara yendo a New York Would + subject + be + 1 > "ing" ? Interrogative Would I be going to New York ? - Estara yo yendo a New York ? Would he be going to New York ? - Estara l yendo a New York ?

usos del condicional continuo

Hechos o situaciones incompletas o contnuas, probablemente como resultado de una condicin irreal.
I would be working in New York by now if I spoke American English. (but I don't speak American English at all, so I am not working in New York).

Estara trabajando en Nueva York en estos momentos si hablara Ingls Americano. (pero no hablo Ingls Americano, por lo tanto no estoy trabajando en Nueva York). Mabel would be living with Fernando if she wasn't living with her parents. (but Mabel is living with her parents, so she's not living with him). Mabel estara viviendo con Fernando si ella no estuviese viviendo con sus padres. (pero Mabel est viviendo con sus padres, por lo tanto no est viviendo con l). I wouldn't be eating this horrible cake if I wasn't extremely hungry. (but I'm starvng now, so I'm eating it). No estara comiendo esta espantosa torta si no tuviese tanto apetito. (pero me estoy muriendo de hambre, por lo tanto la estoy comiendo).

expresiones usuales del condicional continuo

If I had... I would... I wouldn't... if I had...

Simple Conditional Perfect

What would you have done? Qu habras hecho? subject + would have + 3
Affirmative I would have gone You would have gone He would have gone She would have gone It would have gone We would have gone You would have gone They would have gone Affirmative Negative I wouldn't have gone You wouldn't have gone He wouldn't have gone She wouldn't have gone It wouldn't have gone We wouldn't have gone You wouldn't have gone They wouldn't have gone 1 go 2 went 3 gone

Interrogative Would I have gone ? Would you have gone ? Would he have gone ? Would she have gone ? Would it have gone ? Would we have gone ? Would you have gone ? Would they have gone ?

subject + would have + 3

I would have gone to New York - Yo habra ido a New York He would have gone to New York - El habra ido a New York Negative

subject + wouldn't have + 3

I wouldn't have gone to New York - Yo no habra ido a New York He wouldn't have gone to New York - El no habra ido a New York Interrogative

Would + subject + have 3 ?

Would I have gone to New York? - Habra ido yo a New York ? Would he have gone to New York? - Habra ido l a New York?

usos del condicional perfecto simple

Tercer Condicional o Condicional Tipo III.
If I had known that you were sick, I would have gone to see you. Si hubiese sabido que estabas enfermo, te habra ido a ver. If she had studied at OM Personal, she would have passed her FCE examination. Si hubiese estudiado en OM Personal, habra aprobado su examen de First Certificate. If I had known that Buenos Aires was so cheap, I would have gone there. Si hubiese sabido que Buenos Aires es tan barato, habra ido all.

expresiones usuales del condicional perfecto simple

if I had ... - if I were ... - if he were ...

Progressive Conditional Perfect

What would you have been doing? Qu habras estado haciendo?
subject + would have been + 1 > "ing" 1 go 2 went 3 gone

...ing (...ando, ...endo)

Affirmative
I would have been going You would have been going He would have been going She would have been going It would have been going We would have been going You would have been going They would have been going

Negative
I would not have been going You would not have been going He would not have been going She would not have been going It would not have been going We would not have been going You would not have been going They would not have been going

Interrogative
Would I have been going ? Would you have been going ? Would he have been going ? Would she have been going ? Would it have been going ? Would we have been going ? Would you have been going ? Would they have been going ?

subject + would have been + 1 > "ing" Affirmative I would have been going to New York - Yo habra estado yendo a N.Y. He would have been going to New York - El habra estado yendo a N.Y. Negative subject + wouldn't (would not) have been + 1 > "ing" I wouldn't have been going to New York - No habra estado yendo a N.Y. He wouldn't have been going to New York - El no habra estado yendo a N.Y. Would + subject + have been + 1 > "ing" ? Interrogative Would I have been going to New York ? - Habra yo estado yendo a N.Y. ? Would he have been going to New York ? - Habra l estado yendo a N.Y. ?

usos del condicional perfecto continuo

Este tiempo verbal hace referencia al resultado incompleto de la accin de la clusulaif y expresa este resultado como una accin continua o no finalizada.

Tercer Condicional o Condicional Tipo III.

If the weather had been better (but it wasn't), my sister-in-law would have

been sitting in the garden when I arrived (but she wasn't and so I didn't see her). Si el tiempo hubiese estado mejor (pero no fue as), mi cuada habra estado sentada en el jardn cuando yo llegu (pero no lo estaba y, por lo tanto, no la v). If the youngsters had known it was dangerous, they would not have been climbing such a mountain. Si los jvenes hubiesen sabido que era peligroso, no habran estado escalando semejante montaa. If I had had more money, I would have been travelling all around Europe with my friends that summer. Si hubiese tenido ms dinero, habra estado recorriendo toda Europa con mis amigos ese verano.

expresiones usuales del condicional perfecto continuo

if I had had ... - if he had known ...

Simple Modals
What (can/could) you do? Qu (puedes/podras) hacer? What (may/might) you do? Qu (puedes/podras) hacer? What (must/should) you do? Qu (debes/deberas) hacer? subject + modal + 1
Affirmative I can go I could go I may go I might go I must go I should go Affirmative 1 go Negative I can't go I couldn't go I may not go I might not go I mustn't go I shouldn't go 2 went 3 gone

Interrogative Can I go ? Could I go ? May I go ? Might I go ? Must I go ? Should I go ?

subject + modal + 1

I can go to New York - Puedo ir a New York (posibilidad fsica, conocimiento) I could go to New York - Podra ir a New York (alternativa) I may go to New York - Puedo ir a New York (permiso) I might go to New York - Podra ir a New York (posibilidad) I must go to New York - Debo ir a New York (obligacin) I should go to New York - Debera ir a New York (obligacin moral, consejo) Negative

subject + modal + not + 1

I can't go to New York - No puedo ir a New York I couldn't go to New York - No podra ir a New York I may not go to New York - No puedo ir a New York I might not go to New York - No podra ir a New York I mustn't go to New York - No debo ir a New York I shouldn't go to New York - No debera ir a New York Interrogative

modal + subject + 1 ?

Can I go to New York ? - Puedo ir a New York ? Could I go to New York ? - Podra ir a New York ?

May I go to New York ? - Puedo ir a New York ? Might I go to New York ? - Podra ir a New York ? Must I go to New York ? - Debo ir a New York ? Should I go to New York ? - Debera ir a New York ?

Progressive Modals
What (can/could) you be doing? Qu (puedes/podras) estar haciendo? What (may/might) you be doing? Qu (puedes/podras) estar haciendo? What (must/should) you be doing? Qu (debes/deberas) estar haciendo? subject + modal + be + 1 > "ing"
Affirmative I can be going I could be going I may be going I might be going I must be going I should be going 1 go Negative I can't be going I couldn't be going I may not be going I might not be going I mustn't be going I shouldn't be going 2 went 3 gone

Interrogative Can I be going ? Could I be going ? May I be going ? Might I be going ? Must I be going ? Should I be going ?

subject + modal + be + 1 > "ing" Affirmative I can be going to New York - Puedo estar yendo a NY (posib. fsica, conocimiento) I could be going to New York - Podra estar yendo a NY (alternativa) I may be going to New York - Puedo estar yendo a NY (permiso) I might be going to New York - Podra estar yendo a NY (posibilidad) I must be going to New York - Debo estar yendo a NY (obligacin) I should be going to New York - Debera estar yendo a NY (oblig. moral, consejo) Negative subject + modal + not be + 1 > "ing" I can't be going to New York - No puedo estar yendo a NY I couldn't be going to New York - No podra estar yendo a NY I may not be going to New York - No puedo estar yendo a NY I might not be going to New York - No podra estar yendo a NY I mustn't be going to New York - No debo estar yendo a NY I shouldn't be going to New York - No debera estar yendo a NY Interrogative modal + subject + be + 1 > "ing" ? Can I be going to New York ? - Puedo estar yendo a NY ? Could I be going to New York ? - Podra estar yendo a NY ?

May I be going to New York ? - Puedo estar yendo a NY? Might I be going to New York ? - Podra estar yendo a NY ? Must I be going to New York ? - Debo estar yendo a NY ? Should I be going to New York ? - Debera estar yendo a NY ?

INFINITIVE

PAST

PARTICIPLE

ESPAOL
tolerar, soportar surgir, plantear despertarse

abide (abid) arise (aris) awake (auik)

abode (abud) arose (arus) awoke (auuk)

abode (abud) arisen (arsn) awoke (auuk)

INFINITIVE

2
beat (bit)

PAST

PARTICIPLE

ESPAOL
ser, estar golpear, latir, batir llegar a ser comenzar doblarse, inclinarse apostar en algo atar, unir, ligar morder/se sangrar soplar, hacer sonar romper

be (bi) [am/are/is] beat (bit) become (bikm) begin (bigun) bend (bend) bet (bet) bind (bind) bite (bit) bleed (bl:d) blow (blu) break (brik)

was/were (us/ur)

been (bin) beaten (bitn) become (bikm) begun (bign) bent (bent) bet (bet) bound (bund) bitten (btn) bled (bled) blown (blun) broken (brukn)

became (bikim) began (bign) bent (bent) bet (bet) bound (bund) bit (bit) bled (bled) blew (blu) broke (bruk)

breed (br:d) bring (bring) build (bilt) burn (bern) buy (bi)

bred (bred) brought (brot) built (bilt) burnt (bernt) bought (bot)

bred (bred) brought (brot) built (bilt) burnt (bernt) bought (bot)

criar, reproducir/se traer construir quemar comprar

INFINITIVE

PAST

PARTICIPLE

ESPAOL
agarrar elegir venir costar arrastrar, deslizarse cortar

catch (kach) choose (chus) come (km) cost (kost) creep (kr:p) cut (kat)

caught (kot) chose (chos) came (kem) cost (kost) crept (krept) cut (kat)

caught (kot) chosen (chsn) come (km) cost (kost) crept (krept) cut (kat)

INFINITIVE

2
dealt (delt) dug (dag) did (dd) drew (dr)

PAST

PARTICIPLE

ESPAOL
tratar, ocuparse cavar, excavar hacer dibujar, atraer beber

deal (d:l) dig (dig) do (d) [does] draw (dr:) drink (drink)

dealt (delt) dug (dag) done (dn) drawn (drn) drunk (drank)

drank (drnk)

drive (driv)

drove (druv)

driven (drvn)

conducir

eat (:t)

ate (et)

eaten (tn)

comer

INFINITIVE

2
fell (fel) fed (fed) felt (felt)

PAST

PARTICIPLE
caer

ESPAOL

fall (fol) feed (f:d) feel (f:l) fight (fit) find (find) flee (fl:) fling (fln:) fly (fli) forget (forgut) freeze (fr:s)

fallen (flen) fed (fed) felt (felt) fought (f:t) found (fund) fled (fled) flung (flang) flown (fln) forgotten (forgtn) frozen (frusn)

alimentar sentir luchar, pelear encontrar escapar, huir arrojar, lanzar volar olvidar helar, congelar

fought (f:t) found (fand) fled (fled) flung (flang) flew (flu) forgot (forgt) froze (frus)

INFINITIVE

2
got (got)

PAST

PARTICIPLE

ESPAOL
obtener, conseguir dar ir moler cultivar, crecer

get (gut) give (guv) go (gu) grind (grind) grow (gru)

got/gotten (got/gotn) given (guvn) gone (gn) ground (grund) grown (grn)

gave (guiv) went (unt) ground (grund) grew (gr)

INFINITIVE

2
had (jad)

PAST

PARTICIPLE

ESPAOL
colgar tener, haber or ocultar, esconder golpear sostener, soportar

hang (jng) have (jev) [have/has] hear (jar) hide (jid) hit (jit) hold (juld)

hung (jng)

hung (jng) had (jad) heard (jerd) hidden (jdn) hit (jit) held (jeld)

heard (jerd) hid (jid) hit (jit) held (jeld)

INFINITIVE

2
kept (kept) knelt (nelt) knew (ni)

PAST

PARTICIPLE

ESPAOL
guardar, conservar arrodillarse saber, conocer

keep (k:p) kneel (n:l) know (nu)

kept (kept) knelt (nelt) known (nun)

INFINITIVE

2
led (led) lent (lent)

PAST

PARTICIPLE

ESPAOL
guiar, conducir prestar aprender irse, dejar, partir perder

lead (l:d) lend (lend) learn (lrn) leave (l:v) lose (l:s)

led (led) lent (lent) learnt (lernt) left (left) lost (lost)

learnt (lernt) left (left) lost (lost)

INFINITIVE

PAST

PARTICIPLE

ESPAOL
hacer, fabricar significar encontrarse con

make (mik) mean (m:n) meet (m:t)

made (mid) meant (ment) met (met)

made (mid) meant (ment) met (met)

INFINITIVE

2
paid (ped) put (put)

PAST

PARTICIPLE

ESPAOL
pagar poner, colocar

pay (pi) put (put)

paid (ped) put (put)

INFINITIVE

2
read (red) rode (rud) rang (reng) ran (ren)

PAST

PARTICIPLE
leer

ESPAOL

read (rid) ride (rid) ring (ring) run (ran)

read (red) ridden (rdn) rung (rang) run (ran)

cabalgar sonar correr

INFINITIVE

2
said (sed) saw (s:)

PAST

PARTICIPLE
decir ver

ESPAOL

say (si) see (s:) seek (s:k) sell (sel) send (send) shake (shik)

said (sed) seen (sin) sought (sot) sold (suld) sent (sent) shaken (shikn)

sought (sot) sold (suld) sent (sent) shook (shuk)

buscar vender enviar agitar, sacudir

shine (shin) shoot (sh:t) show (shu) shrink (shrink) shut (shat) sing (sing) sink (sink) sit (sit) slay (sli) sleep (slp) slide (slid) sling (sling) smell (smel) speak (spik) spend (spend) spin (spin) stand (stand) steal (stl) stick (stik) sting (sting) stride (strid) strike (strik) strive (striv)

shone (shun) shot (shot) showed (shud) shrank (shrenk) shut (shat) sang (seng) sank (senk) sat (sat) slew (sli) slept (slpt) slid (slid) slung (slang) smelt (smelt) spoke (spuk) spent (spent) spun (span) stood (st:d) stole (stul) stuck (stak) stung (stang) strode (strud) struck (strak) strove (struv)

shone (shun) shot (shot) shown (shun) shrunk (shrank) shut (shat) sung (sang) sunk (sank) sat (sat) slain (slin) slept (slpt) slid (slid) slung (slang) smelt (smelt) spoken (spukn) spent (spent) spun (span) stood (st:d) stolen (stln) stuck (stak) stung (stang) strode (strud) struck (strak) striven (strvn)

brillar, resplandecer pegar un tiro mostrar, demostrar encogerse (tamao) cerrar cantar hundir/se sentar/se asesinar dormir resbalar, deslizar lanzar con fuerza oler hablar gastar, pasar girar, hilar pararse robar pinchar, atascarse picar, arder dar pasos largos golpear, sonar esforzarse

swear (sua:) sweep (su:p) swell (sul) swim (sum)

swore (sur) swept (supt) swelled (suld) swam (sum)

sworn (surn) swept (supt) swollen (sulen) swum (sum)

jurar, maldecir barrer hinchar/se nadar

INFINITIVE

2
took (tul) taught (tot) tore (tor) told (told)

PAST

PARTICIPLE

ESPAOL
tomar, llevar ensear rasgar, arrancar decir, contar pensar, creer crecer, prosperar tirar, arrojar pisar, aplastar

take (tik) teach (tch) tear (ta:) tell (tel) think (zink) thrive (zriv) throw (zru) tread (tred)

taken (tikn) taught (tot) torn (torn) told (told) thought (zot) thriven (zrvn) thrown (zrun) trodden (trden)

thought (zot) throve (zruv) threw (zru) trod (trod)

INFINITIVE

PAST

PARTICIPLE

ESPAOL
entender, comprender comprometerse, emprender deshacer

understand (anderstnd) undertake (andertik) undo (and)

understood (anderstd) undertook (andertk) undid (andd)

understood (anderstd) undertaken (andertikn) undone (andn)

INFINITIVE

2
wore (ur)

PAST

PARTICIPLE

ESPAOL
despertarse vestir, usar (ropa) tejer llorar ganar serpentear, enrollar retirar/se, extraer retorcer, escurrir escribir

wake (uik) wear (uar) weave (wv) weep (w:p) win (un) wind (uind) withdraw (uizdr:) wring (ring) write (rit)

woke (uuk)

woken (uukn) worn (urn) woven (wven) wept (wpt) won (un) wound (uund) withdrawn (uizdrm) wrung (rang) written (rtn)

wove (wov) wept (wpt) won (un) wound (uund) withdrew (uizdr) wrung (rang) wrote (rut)