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CNG TY TNHH MY TNH MNG TRUYN THNG OSC GIO TRNH SA MAINBOARD PC Bt k mn hc v sa cha no, ta cng phi nm chc s khi. Di y l vi s c trch t cc ti liu khc nhau. Tuy nhin, ta c th so snh v thy rng n rt ging nhau.

My b Dell dng socket-7 dng CPU Pentium III.

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Mainboard dng chipset SIS655/ SIS963 <-- Dng chip hin nay t gp hn, ch yu so snh.

Dng mainboard dng chipset INTEL rt thng dng.

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Phn ny c ct trc tip trong datasheet ca chipset Bc 82845G. Theo cc s khi trn ta thy: - Socket CPU, CPU lin lc vi tt c cc thnh phn cn li thng qua Chip cu Bc. - Chp cu Bc: trc tip qun l VGA (K c onboard hoc khe cm ri nh AGP, PCIx) v RAM. - Chip cu Nam: Qun l hu ht cc thit b cn li nh: ATA (giao tip cng), chip LAN, chip Audio, cc cng USB, cc khe PCI, chip SIO, chip BIOS... - Chip SIO: qun l cc thit b nh: Keyboard, mouse, FDD ( mm), LPT (cng my in song ong), Serial (cng ni tip)... - Chip BIOS: cha on chng trnh CMOS SETUP, POST... Di y l cc mc ngun c s dng trn mainboard.

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1. Power Supply: Ngun cp t b ngun ATX sang. Cc p chnh: +12V, 5V, 3V3, 5V STB(tm), -12V 2. Vcore: CPU Core, mch Vcore ly ngn 12V t dy 12V i (4 pin) qua mch s cp ngun CPU Core cho CPU. Lu , ngun ny ngoi cp cho CPU cn cp cho c MCH (Chip bc) v ICH (chip Nam) nn nu MCH hoc ICH chm vn gy tnh trng mt ngun ny. 3. Onboard 2V5 Reg: Ly 5V chnh to ra 2V5 cp ngun DDR Core cho RAM (ch yu) v mt phn cp cho MCH. Nhnh khc ca 2V5 ny to p 1V25 cp cho bus RAM(ngun bus RAM). 4. Onboard 1V5 Reg: Ly 5V chnh to ra 1V5 cp ngun MCH, ICH v AGP I/O Thng gi l ngun chipset. Mt ngun ny thng lm ICH nng ln lu gy cht chip. 5. Onboard 5V Reg: Ly 12V chnh to ra 5V cp ngun ring cho mch m thanh (thng dng IC 7805). 6. Onboard VRegs: Ly 5V STB (tm) to ra 3V3, 2V5, 1V5 cp ngun ring cho chip LAN onboard. 7. Cc mc p khc: Ly 3V3, 5V STB 5V to ra 1V2, 3V3 STB, 1V5 STB, 5V Dual cp cho mt s mch khc trn main. c bit l mch kch ngun: ch yu ly 5V STB, 3V3 STB, 1V5 STB. 8. IC Clock: Dng trc tip ngun 3V3 t b ngun ATX sang. 9. HDD, CD/DVD , FDD: dng 5V, 12V

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10. Supper I/O: Dng 3V3, 3V3 STB v VBAT (ngun t pin CMOS) 11. Keyboard/mouse PS2: 5V Dual. 12. Serial (Cng ni tip hay gi cng COM): 12V, 5V, -12V 13. Parallel (Cng song song hay gi cng my in): 5V 14. Cng USB: 5V Dual 15. BIOS/FWH: 3V3 16. FAN cc loi: 12V I. Cm ngun vo main v o (cha kch ngun u nh):

1. Dy tm phi 5V: thiu th phi kim tra b ngun ri coi OK cha, nu ngun ri OK m cm vo main b st p th coi chng chm ti u : thng l Chip NAM, LAN, Sound, SIO... 2. Dy xanh l phi c 5V (hoc 2v5 n ~5v) : chn no khng quan trng nhng nu cm ngun v m khng c 5V th cng mt. V n = 0V th ngun phi chy, m cha kch cng tc m ngun chy <-- Li t kch ngun. 3. Chn A14 khe PCI phi c 3V3: y l chn ngun cp trc 3v3 cho chipset Nam, mt 3v3 ny th chip Nam khng hot ng v chc chng s khng kch c ngun. Mt 3V3 ny thng do cht IC 1117 hoc chm, cht chip Nam. 4. Chn kch ngun ps_on phi c 5V:

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Khi c 3v3, thch anh 32Mhz OK th chip Nam s cp trc tip (hoc thng qua SIO) 5V kch cho 1 chn ca nt cng tt (cu ra mt thng CPU) PS_ON. Mt 5V kch ny thng do li SIO hoc chip Nam. II. Kch ngun: <-- Kch khng c ngun th kim k li cc bi trn v t kt lun main h g nh. III. Kch ngun, qut quay, my khng boot, khng ln hnh, o tip: 1. o Ngun RAM: DDR1: Chn s 7 hoc chn 143 nh hnh phi c 2V5:

DDR2: Phi c 1V8

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DDR3: Chn 51 phi c 1V5

Nu mt ngun RAM thng do cht FET hoc cht IC giao ng ngun RAM. 2. o ngun BUS RAM (VTT) phi c 1V25 cho DDR1

Mt ngun Bus Ram dn n: khng cm RAM th ku tit tit, cm RAM vo im re nhng cng khng chy (nh dng li chip Bc). Thng chy IC RT9173, W83310... 3. Ngun chipset (c khi chung ngun AGP/PCIx): o chn S cc mosfet cng sut khu vc gia 2 chipset phi c 1V5.

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Nu mt ngun ny khi kch ngun chipset lp tc nng rang (thm ch nng n cht ti lun). 4. Ngun Vcore cp cho CPU: o ti chn cc cun dy ging nhau xung socket gn CPU: phi c t 1v1 ~ 1v8

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Mt ngun ny CPU s lnh tanh v chc chn mainboard khng chy. 1. Kim tra mch kch ngun: - a s main u khng cn CPU (tr mt s main INTEL l bt buc phi c CPU mi kch c ngun). - Nu kch ngun khng c th tho gic 12V (4pin) ra kch th nu c th vn 100% nm mch VRM b chm chp.

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- Kch p: nu li ch l mosfet o hay g nh, kc p s chy bnh thng. Kch p m cng khng c th chm chp nng ri . - o 5V (hoc 2v5-->5V) ti pin PS-ON. Nu mt: D Pin PS-ON -> Chip NAM hay SIO. Vo thng no p thng . (Nu chip NAM th kim ngun v thay th thch anh ca chip na nh) - D mosfet o (hoc IC o): chn xanh -> (qua) cng o (hay trc tip)-> SIO ; p cng o hoc SIO. H hng chnh: cht mosfet o, li SIO, li chip NAM, ngoi ra cc nguyn nhn khc gy khng kch ngun nh chm, chm cc khu vc khc nh ngun Vcore (cp cho CPU) chp ngun RAM, chp ngun chipset, chp chp sound onboard (c th x b), chp chip LAN onboard (c th x b), hoc chp chip Bc. 2. Xung clock: s chy ngay khi kch c ngun m cha cn cm CPU, Kim tra CLK v sa ngay bc 2 ny. Thng ch kh li, thay thch anh v thay IC clock l ht bi. kim tra CLK dng card test dng cao nh PTi6, PTi8, PTi9 (c 3 u phi dng Phin bn mi nht v PTi6 v PTi8 bn c khng c CLK) 3. Kim tra cc mc ngun: - Vcore; mch VRM <-- Quan trng v di dng nn khng nu thm. - Ngun RAM <-- Quan trng th 2 sau Vcore. - Ngun chipset NAM, BC, AGP <-- Quan trng th 3 nht l pan nng chip do ngun cp cho chip sai. 4. Xung reset: - Thng th xong vic kim tra ngun th phi c reset nu khng ch cn chip NAM. Hp, , lm li chn hoc thay. a s main, nu c xung reset th ht cc mc ngun. Cc l do lm mt xung Reset: mt 1 trong cc mc ngun, jumper clear cmos, mt CLK, li chip Nam... 5. C reset ( tt c) m vn khng boot, card test cha nhy code: - Ch cn socket CPU v chip Bc <-- Li ny 10 cao th cht ht 10 - Phi p socket trc (tho np v sinh, hp socket...) - K p chip Bc (Hp, , lm li chn, thay) <-- Cc v kh nht (ch yu do thiu tool). 6. BIOS: - Thc ra pan bios ch nm cui cng thi nhng v bc 5 th qu chua nn mi ngi hay lm bc 6 ny trc "hy vng" chp m c.

Mainboard: Chip cu Nam nhng li thng gp v cch x l

Chip cu NAM - South Bridge Chip (I/O Control Hub: ICH) Cch nhn dng: - Ln th nh trn main (ch thua Chip cu Bc) - C 2 chip ln, chp th nht l cu Bc th chip cn li l chip cu NAM.

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Dng chip NAM thng dng

Nhim v: - Qun l v giao tip vi cc thnh phn nh: cc khe PCI, giao tip USB, chip Sound, chip LAN, BIOS ROM, chip SIO (Ring SIO s qun l: Keyboard, mouse, FDD, COM, LPT)

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Li thng gp: - Khng kch c ngun (thng gp nht). Kt hp vi chip SIO s iu khin mch ngt, m ngun. - Mt xung reset (rt thng gp) - Chp chn, khng nhn, hoc nhn m khng chy cc thit b nh USB, HDD, CD, khe cm PCI... Cch x l: - Ring li khng kich ngun s c 1 bi ring, tuy nhin sau khi xc nh li l do chip NAM th cch x l s tng t nh chip Bc. l "hp" li chp, "" chip, "lm chn li" hoc thay chip mi.

BIOS - Basic I/O System - H thng xut nhp c bn Cch nhn bit: - Hnh dng thng thng:

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- Hnh ch nht c vt 1 gc gm 32 chn, gn trong mt sc kt (nh hnh) hoc hn dnh vo mainboard.

- Lai i mi: dng flash; chip dn 8 chn

Hoc chip 8 chn ghim bnh thng:

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Nhim v: - Giao tip mc c bn nht vi ngi dng t lc bt cng tt cho n lc h iu hnh bt u c load vo b nh m ta gi l BOOT. - Cho php thit lp cc cu hnh nh: chn a khi ng, chnh ngy gi h thng, t mt khu bo v... Cc li thng gp: - Chip BIOS li s gy ra li kich ngun quay, my khng boot c. Li ny ch xc nh khi kim tra cc li v ngun v CPU xong. - Bo li: Bios check sum error, Cch x l: - Nu ln hnh m bo li l do ht pin nui CMOS hoc ci t trnh CMOS setup sai. - Li khng boot (ngai li ngun v CPU ra) th cn np li chip BIOS.

Mainboard: Mch cp ngun CPU

1. Thnh phn mch: Ngun cp 12V u 4 pin IC giao ng Cc IC driver Cc Mosfet cng sut Cc cun dy (xung quanh CPU, c trng nhn bit)

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T lc ngun vo 16V/1200FF... 3300MF T lc ngun Vcore 6.3V/820MF...3300MF

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2. Cch nhn bit v b tr mch trn mainboard: - Cc cun dy, t lc v mosfet xung quanh CPU. - Mch ny d thy bng cch b tr cc link kin bao gm 2, 3 hay 4 cun dy 2 hay 3 mosfet ng vi mi cun dy v v s t ha xung quanh socket cm CPU.

- mch ny, khi ta cha cm CPU (Pentium 4 tr ln) vo socket th s khng c ngun (nu c l mch b li). Khi ta cm CPU vo th mch t ng cp ng ngun m CPU cn. o kim tra ngun cp cho CPU ta o ti chn cc cuc dy. Lu trong cc cuc dy trn c 1 cun lc ng vo s c ma p 12V cc cun lc ng ra mi chnh l ngun cp cho CPU. - Nu cm CPU m main khng h tr cng s khng c ngun Vcore ng ra. khc phc, dng CPU ti gi kim tra mch VRM l tt nht.

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3. S tng qut:

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4. S nguyn l thc t ca mch:

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- Cc mch trn, s dng 1 IC mt iu xung v 0, 1, 2 hoc 3 IC driver cho cc mosfet hat ng. Vcore chnh l ngun cp cho CPU. 5. Phn tch vn hnh mch: - i vi a s mainboard, ta ch cn cp ngun cho mainboard (cha cm thm bt c g k c CPU v RAM) l c th kch ngun c ri. Vi vi trng hp ring (nht l mainboard ca hng Intel), phi gng CPU th mi kch ngun c. - Khi kch ngun chy, vic u tin l kim tra xem ngun cp cho RAM c v hay cha (s c bi vit c th lin quan n vn ny). K kim tra xem ngun cp cho CPU c hay cha. - Lu : Khi ta cha cm CPU mc ngun cp cho CPU s lun lun bng khng. Nu c p c ngha l mch b li. Khi cm CPU vo nu CPU yu cu p 1.25V (Ci ny th ty mi loi CPU, tham kho trang ch INTEL hoc ti liu km theo CPU bit chnh xc mc ngun yu cu ca mi loi CPU) th mch phi p ng ng. Tc phi c 1.25V ti ng ra Vcore. 6. Vn hnh mch: - Khi c tnh hiu Power Good (pin 19 IC RT9241 - hnh u tin), pin 16, 17 s c tnh hiu iu xung PWM1, PWM2 kch qua IC driver (pin 1,2 IC RT9602) xung li Pin 4, 12, 7, 9 iu khin s ng ngt ca cc MOSFET to ra ngun chnh VCORE. - Ngun chnh VCORE ny s cp cho CPU. K , CPU s hi p v cc pin 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 (IC RT9241) xc

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xung PWM tc s khng c p VCORE ng ra.

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nh mc ngun yu cu. Tng ng nh bng di y. Nu khng nhn c tn hiu ny lp tc ngng cp

7. Datasheet ca mt s IC iu xung, driver cp ngun cho CPU: ADP3110 - ADP3180 - ADP3181 - ADP3188 - ADP3163 - ADP3168 - ADP3198 - ADP3416 - ADP3418 - ADP3421 FAN5019 - FAN5090 ISL6316 - ISL6556 - ISL6561 - ISL6566 RT9241 - RT9245 - RT9600 - RT9603 - RT9602 -

8. Cc li thng gp:

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Chm cc mosfet dn n mt ngun CPU. Nng s gy h c b cp ngun. D thy cc mosfet ny s nng rt mau sau khi m my chng vi pht. Hoc c th o ngui bng cch tho 2 chn G v S ra khi mainboard. Cht cc IC giao ng, iu xung, driver. Li ny rt thng xy ra v ch c cch thay m thi. Cc t lc ngun b ph hoc kh gy ra tnh trng kn CPU. Cn thn khi thay th cc t. Nn thay cc

t c tr s t bng n ln hn v phi ging nhau cho cc t lc ng ra CPU. Tho ht cc linh kin chnh trong mch vn cn hin tng chp ngun. Do chp chipset Bc. Do mt

s mainboard, chip Bc dng chung ngun vi Vcore cp cho CPU.

9. Th t kim tra: Ni tr ngun Vcore. (Thng chm mosfet hoc IC giao ng) Tho tng mosfet ra o pht hin chm chp hoc r. Lin lc t chn G mosfet v IC giao ng. (Hay b h mch dn n mt lin lc) Ngun Vcc cho IC giao ng. (Thng mt ngun ny do t tr cu ch hoc chm cht IC) Lnh m EN cp cho IC giao ng.

Mainboard: Mch cp ngun cho chipset

VRM - Mch cp ngun vcore cho CPU Mch cp ngun cho RAM Mch to xung clock Mch reset

Trn mainboard c 3 mch n p ngun chnh l VRM n p ngun cho CPU, ngun RAM v ngun cp cho chipset. Ngun cp cho CPU v RAM rt d xc nh v ngun CPU c th o qua cun dy lc ng ra. Cn RAM th o cc chn tng ng nh chn 143 ca DDR... Cn ngun cp cho chipset th ch xc nh bng kinh nghim l ch yu.

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- Theo s trn, chip Bc v chip Nam s dng cng lc rt nhiu ngun khc nhau. - Chip Bc: Dng ngun Vcore, Vcc RAM v dng thm ngun 1v5 v 1v8 - Chip Nam: Dng tr c tip 5V, 3v3 v 5V STB tng ngun chnh v cng dng thm ngun 1v5 v 1v8. - Vy khi ni n ngun cho chipset t ch yu l ni n ngun 1v5 v 1v8 ny thi. Cch xc nh mch: - Nh nu trn th vic xc nh mch ngun cho chipset ch yu da vo kinh nghim l chnh. Sau y l vi kinh nghim: - Mch n p cho hai Chipset thng nm trong khu vc gia hai Chipset. - Khi hot ng chn S thng c 1v5 n 1v8 - Mch thng s dng IC 8 chn iu khin Mosfet. - Mt s Mainboard i mi s dng ngun xung nh mch VRM ca CPU v vy mch c cc cun dy

Lu :
- Trn cc i Mainboard khc nhau s dng nhiu loi mch n p khc nhau. - Cc loi Chipset khc nhau s dng nhiu loi in p khc nha.

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S nguyn l cc dng mch thng dng:

- y l dng mch tng qut thng gp nht h p v n p t 3v3 xung 1v5 hoc 1v8 cp cho chipset. Theo dng ny th nu ta o chn S c 1v5 hoc 1v8 th l mosfet ngun chipset.

Dng s dng IC LT1575

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Dng dng IC LM324 (rt thng dng)

Dng 2 mch ni tip nhau (IC LM324)

Dng c cun dy v t lc nh mch Vrm (IC RT9214)

Lai dng ic n p c hi tip (IC LM1117)

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Hnh dng mch v IC trong thc t Kinh nghim sa cha: - Khi kim tra cc mc ngun th ch cn o chn S cc mosfet khu vc gn cc chipset v gia 2 chipset. Nu c 1v5 hoc 1v8 l OK (i vi chip INTEL cn chip VIA, SIS, NVidia... s khc cht xu) - Ty tng dng mch c th m phi phn tch tm cch sa ph hp. Quan trng nht l n thuc dng no. Xc nh ic no iu khin mosfet no v tm ic tng ng thay. - IC LM324 v LM1117 rt thng dng nn khi lo khng c chip thay. Vn dng c trong mch n p ngun RAM. - IC RT9214 l dng c lc C - L nn c th o p ra nh mch Vrm ca CPU. C th thay tng ng bngAPW7120. Dng ny thng thy mch n p ngun RAM.

Mainboard: Mch to xung clock cc li thng gp v cch x l

Cch nhn dng: Mch gm 1 IC Clock v mt Thch anh 14.3 i km. Ch cn tm c Thch anh 14.3 th IC bn cnh chnh l IC clock.

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Nhim v: Thch anh 14,3MHz to ra dao ng chun l 14,3 MHz, sau cc mch to xung Clock s ly dao

ng chun t thch anh ri nhn vi mt t l nht nh to ra cc tn s xung Clock khc nhau cung cp cho cc thnh phn ca Mainboard.

Li thng gp: Mt xung clock dn n mainboard hon ton t lit. Khi mt xung clock kich ngun qut quay my

khng boot.

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Cch kim tra:

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Sau khi kim tra cc mc ngun chnh trn mainboard nh Vcore, ngun RAM, AGP, chipset Bc, NAM th

quan st nCLK. Nu n sng th mch xung clock tt. Lu : Hin nay trn th trng c 3 loi card test mainboard c n CLK (bo ng) l PTi6 (bn mi

nht), PTi8 (bn mi nht) v PTi9. C 3 loi ny u hin th li thng qua mn hnh LCD. Tuy nhin, gi ca 3 loi card ny cn kh cao. Gi tham kho ln lt l 300.000vnd, 1.000.000vnd v 500.000vnd. Loi Pti8 th Test c cho c laptop qua c 2 loi ng cm wireless to v nh. Thm: 2 loi card PTi6 v PTi8 phin bn c khng c n CLK.

Cch x l: Hn, Kh li IC clock. Thay th thch anh 14.3 (phi ng 14.3) Thay IC clock (phi ng s hiu)

Nu sau khi x l, kim tra li thy n CLK sng l mch to xung clock hat ng tt. Lu khi thay IC Clock: Tn IC Clock hnh di y l ICS 952603DF (hng cui cng) nh.

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Li nng cao: - Trn thc t, xung clock c khe PCI (n clk sng) cha hng c xung clock n tan b cc b phn trn mainboard nh: CPU, chipset Bc, Nam, sound, LAN... - Vic kim tra xung clock ti cc v tr khc yu cu phi c "my hin sng" v th c kinh nghim mi kim tra c.

Mainboard: Mch n p ngun cho RAM v AGP

1. Xc nh chn (Vcc) Ngun RAM ddr 1: 2V5

Trn hnh minh ha l cc chn c t o p Vcc cho Ram drr1. Nhng cho d nh, ti xin gi cc chn sau: - Chn s 7: tm chn s 1 (c ghi s 1 trn khe cm RAM) m n chn s 7. - Chn 184: tm chn s 184 (c ghi trn khe cm RAM) - Chn s 143: ring ti th dng chn 143 ny, v tr th "t ngm chng cm ngc cch ra 1 khe - khe bn tri (khe RAM dng ng) - bn di l 143". u im l ti khi phi nh l chn s my. Ch cn cch ngm chng ngc 1 khe l OK. - Cc chn ngun cn li ca DDR1:

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2. Xc nh chn (Vcc) ngun RAM ddr2: 1v8

- Ram DDR2 ny th th nhm mt lm theo cch ca ti (k ngm chng ngc u di - bn tri) tc chn 184 l OK. Cn mi ngi thch nh cch sao th ty. - Cc chn ngun khc ca RAM DRR2:

3. Xc nh chn (Vcc) ngun RAM ddr3: 1v5

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- Ram DDR3 ny th cch ca ti vn ng (ngm chng ngc cch v 2 khe - u di - bn tri) tc chn 51 l OK. Cn mi ngi thch nh cch sao th ty. 4. Cch xc nh mosfet ngun RAM: - Ngun RAM thng c dng nh hnh sau:

- Nh vy chn S ca mosfet s ni thng n chn Vcc ca ngun RAM. Dng php o thng mch th ta c th xc nh c mosfet no l mosfet ngun RAM. Nh hnh minh ha di y:

5. Cc mch ngun RAM thng dng: - Sau khi xc nh mosfet ngun RAM th cn xc nh IC ngun RAM. Cc lai thng dng sau:

IC ngun RAM LT1575

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IC ngun RAM W83310

IC ngun RAM W83310 (V n gin li)

IC ngun RAM LM324

Loi dng thm cun dy (nh ngun Vcore cho CPU):

Loi ny ch cn o ngun RAM ti cun dy v o thng mch t cun dy n chn D mosfet gn xc nh mosfet. Hoc chn S (nu mch loi 2 mosfet nh hnh) .

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IC ngun RAM ISL6225

IC ngun RAM: ISL6520

IC ngun RAM: APW7120

IC ngun RAM: FP6321

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IC ngun RAM: RT9214 6. Kinh nghim sa cha mch ngun RAM: - Thc ra cc dng mch v IC n p cho RAM ta c th d thy trong cc mch n p cho chipset hay n p cho AGP... Khc nhau ch n cp cho ci g v mc p cn l bao nhiu. V mch s cn chnh v thit k cho ra c p ng yu cu. - V vy vic sa cha cc mch n p ngun gn nh ging nhau. o mosfet, thay th IC ngun, thay cc t lc nu b ph hoc nghi ng b kh. Do ngun RAM dng khng cao bng CPU nn c th ly mosfet CPU thay cho RAM nhng ngc li th khng c v dng ca CPU rt cao. 7. Mch ngun cho AGP: - Phn tch tng t nh RAM, ch khc cch xc nh chn (Vcc) ngun m thi. Cch ca ti th "lun ng".

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- Mch th cng dng nh chipset, RAM nn khng c g ni. Cch xc nh mosfet ngun AGP cng nh RAM. 8. Kt lun v yu cu ca bi: - Phi bit xc nh c chn (Vcc) ca RAM hoc AGP. - a s main th mt ngun RAM cpu vn load v s pht ra ting tt di bo li RAM. Nhng cm RAM vo vn bo li. - Mt phn cn li th mt ngun RAM s gy mt xung Reset. (Khng sng ri t, hoc sng hai). - Nu bo li mn hnh xanh nh li RAM m RAM em qua my khc chy tt th kim tra li cc t lc ngun RAM c th b ph hoc kh gy tnh trng tng t nh li RAM. - Phn tch tng t vi ngun AGP.

Mainboard: Xung reset li thng gp v cch x l

Sau khi kim tra cc mc ngun cp trn main bo u tt, xung CLK cng tt th chng ta s quan tm n "xung Reset". Vy xung reset l g ?

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reset" l g? - d hnh dung ti c 2 v d: 1.

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- Rt nhu bn tc mc v iu ny, comments hoc post vo forum thm ch gi mail hi lqv77 ti vy "xung

Ni v nguyn ci my tnh trc nh: Khi ta bm nt power ON ca my tnh, trc tin my tnh s

thc hin qu trnh POST (Power ON Salf Test) tm dch "cc php kim tra c bn khi bt ngun" 1 dng im danh ton b cc thit b khi gi n thit b no th thit b phi tr li "c" nu khng th n s gi mi v m tn ca n s hin hai trn "card test" hay cn gi l "post card". Nu "im danh" xong th n s hin m FF trn card test v tin hnh load phn boot trong cng khi ng h iu hnh. Hi kh hiu, thi qua v d 2. 2. Ni vu v ci nh. Bn vo lp: lp trng s im danh trc gi hc. Lp trng gi ai ngi tr li

"c" sau khi tt c u "c" th lp trng mi bo vi gio vin l tt c u "" <-- Ci "" ny chnh l xung reset sau cng pht ln trn card test. Cn nu lp trng ku tn thng V m thng V khng tr li, th l thng lp trng c ku V hai <-- Ci ny l dng n "Reset" sng hai v ta bit rng Lp cha "" v mch reset khng hon ho hay cn gi l mt xung reset. Cn nu thng lp trng ngh hc th rt d hiu n reset s khng sng v khng c thng im danh ly ai tr li, ly ai bo co <-- Mt xung reset.

- Tr li vi mainboard: khi mch reset "im danh" tt c cc thnh phn trn main, nu c thnh phn no khng tr li th n reset s sng hai -> Mch reset li. Cn tt c u th n reset s sng ri tt -> Mch OK. Cn n khng sng th 100% mch reset b hng. Cch kim tra "xung Reset":

Quan st n Reset trn card test. Nu n sng ri tt l mch reset tt. Khi ta cn xc nh li bng cch nn nt reset nu n cng sng ri tt khi ta th nt reset l mch reset h thng tt. Cn n reset khng sng hoc n reset sng hai th cng u l mch reset b li. Li thng gp: Vy li ca mch reset ny l "mt tn hiu reset": c hai trng hp n reset khng sng hoc n reset sng hai u l "mt tn hiu reset". Cch x l: - Cn nh l chng ta kim tra tt c cc mc ngun cp cho mainboard v xung clock tt ri mi kim tra xung reset ny.

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- Sau y l cc nguyn nhn dn n mt xung reset: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. Jumper CLEAR CMOS khng cm vo Main <- Ci ny l lng nhch nht Mt ngun 1,8V cp cho Chipset Mt ngun 1,5V cp cho Chipset Hng mch n p cho RAM hoc cho Card AGP Hng mch Clock Gen (cha c xung Clock) Cha gn CPU vo Mainboard - mch VRM khng hot ng Mch VRM c s c (mt p Vcore) Li chipset NAM.

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- R rng, nguyn nhn th nht tht lng nhch. Cn cc nguyn nhn t 2 n 7 l thuc v cc bc kim tra ngun. Ch cn li chipset NAM. V vy nu mt xung reset th kim tra Jumper Clear Cmos, kim k li cc mc p ngun, cn li l chipset NAM. - Kinh nghim thc t th a phn l do chipset NAM (v mnh phi kim ngun t bc trc, cn jumper clr cmos th phi kim tra ngay t u). CHo nn phi "Hp" li chip, "" chip, "lm li chn" hoc thay chip khc.

Mainboard: Kch ngun khng c, qut khng quay

Mch kch ngun cho mainboard

Cc thnh phn ca mch: Chn Power On (mu xanh l cy) ca gic cm 20pin / 24pin ca b ngun ATX cm ln mainboard. Ngun 5V STB (dy tm cp trc). Ngun 3V3 STB c h p t 5V STB (o chn A14 Khe PCI) Cng tc Power On ni vi 2 pin Power ON trn panel pin. Chip SIO. Chip cu NAM, Thch anh 32M cho chip NAM.

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Mosfet o hoc IC m (nu c).

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Mch c 3 dng chnh:

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Khi cha kich ngun (cha bm cng tc): Chn Xanh l phi c t 2.5 -> 5V Ngun 5V STB; dy tm phi c 5V Ngun 3V3 STB (chn A14 khe PCI) phi c 3V3. 2 Pin kt ni vi nt Power On trn thng my phi c mt chn t 2.5V -> 5V. Chip SIO v Chip cu NAM khng nng

Khi kch ngun (bm nt cng tc): Chn xanh l = 0V. Ngun 5V STB vn 5V Ngun 3V3 vn 3V3 Chip Nam hi m ln t.

Li thng gp: Mainboard Kch ngun khng c.

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Nguyn nhn v cch x l:

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Bc 1: o dy tm 5V STB phi c v . Nu st xung ~4.5V hoc thp hn l c vn . Rt dy ngun ra khi main, kch ngun ri o li th nu 5V m cm vo Main m ch cn 4V5 hoc thp hn l c chm mch. Nu chm mch th kim tra mch n p 3V3 STB cp trc (s c bi vit ring), chip SIO, chip Nam, chip LAN, Sound (nu c). Mt trong cc chip va nu m chm th s khng kch c ngun. Nu chip LAN hoc Sound chm (r phng tay) th x b trc (khng nh hng n hot ng ca main). Bc 2: Kim tra ngun 3V3 cp trc ti chn A14 khe cm PCI (hng trn ct th 14 t tri sang - Xem hnh minh ha)

Mch n p 3V3 ny thng dng 1 IC n p 3v3 h 1117 hoc h 1084, 1085, 1086. Thng thy nht vn l 1117. Chn 3 vo 5V STB, chn 2 ra ng 3V3. Cc main i c th khng dng IC m dng mch vi 1 vi mosfet hoc transistor n p.

Nu mt 3V3 ti chn 2 th x ra o ni tr IC v mch. Nu ni tr v tr chn 2 ~0 m th 99% chm chip Nam. Bc 3: o ngun kch 5V ps-on (c th thp hn cht xu khng sao) ti chn PS-ON (2 chn cm ni vi cng tc ngun 1 chn l ps-on 1 chn ni mass - xem hnh).

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Nu mt 5V ti chn ps-on ny th kim tra xem chn ny i vo chip no? SIO hay chip Nam --> chip h mch hoc li. - D mch (thang o m x1) chn kch PSON v chip SIO. Nu c tr khng ~0 m -> Dng 3: Chn kch PS-ON

do SIO qun l
- Trng hp cn li l: Chn kch PS-ON do chipset NAM qun l Bc 4: Kim tra xem c mosfet o hay khng? - D mch (thang o m x1) chn Xanh l v cc chn chip SIO. Nu khng c tr khng ~0 m -> c mosfet

o hoc ic m
- dng ny: Chn xanh l khng vo trc tip chip SIO m phi qua mt mosfet o (hoc IC m). Thng th mosfet ny (hoc IC m) cht dn n khng kch c ngun. Tm ra mosfet o ny thay l OK. Trng hp khc mosfet o b chp D-S th my c lun trong trng thi "chy" bt ngun t chy, hoc shutdown xong tip tc "chy". <-- Trng hp ny cng thng gp. Bc 5: Kim tra xem chip NAM c b nng khng (lc cha kch ngun)

Nu cp ngun vo (cha kch ngun) m chip NAM lp tc nng rang th 100% cht chip NAM.

Bc cui cng: Cn li l h chn chip NAM, li chip NAM hoc li chip SIO.

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Vi trng hp ring do hng thch anh giao ng ca chip NAM (thay th). Hai t pi ni t 2 chn thch anh b r --> X b th lun nh. Nu chip SIO li: h chn th hn li hoc li th thay lun.

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Nu chipset Nam li: th Hp li chip, khng c th tho chipset ra lm chn ng v li, vn khng c th thay chipset khc.

Mainboard: Bt cng tc qut quay 1 - 2 vng ri tt

Nu kch ngun qut nhc nh hoc quay vi vng ri tt th 100% do chp ti cc ng ngun chnh trn main nh: 12V, 5V, 3v3, 12V (4pin). 1. Chm mch VRM: Thng gp nht, lai tr, ta th rt jack cm 12V (4pin) v kch ngun li th. Nu qut quay bnh thng th vn nm mch VRM to p Vcore cho CPU. Xem thm bi: VRM mch cp vcore cho CPU Thng do chp 1 hoc nhiu mosfet: kim tra o ln lt cc MOSFET khu vc ny nu thy chm G-D th 100% MOSFET cht. Nu khng chc th phi dng my kh nhit x MOSFET ra khi mainboard v o ri bn ngoi. Do chp IC giao ng: Nu o MOSFET m khng pht hin chm chp, a phn do chm IC giao ng. Ch cn x IC giao ng ny ra loi tr kh nng chm chp. Cc IC thng dng nh ADP3180, ADP3181, ADP3168, ADP3188, RT9245, RT9248, ISL6312... th c bn mi ngoi ra u phi "dt" t mainboard "xc" m thi. Do chp IC driver: Tng t nh IC giao ng, thng th IC driver cht th phi c thm MOSFET cht hoc IC giao ng cht. Nu cy nt mch Vcore m vn cha tm ra "th phm" gy ra chm chp, hy kim tra k cc t 6V3/2200MFhoc cc t bi lc ngun xung quanh mnh hay nm chnh gia socket gn CPU. Nhiu trng hp do chm chip Bc (o tr khng cc t gm nh trn lng chip Bc xc nh). Nu chm chip Bc th phi c my ng/ x chip chuyn dng th mi thay c. Cn vi my kh th cao th lm cng phi kt hp bp ga mini, bp in hay bp hp chip chuyn dng may ra mi "xut th" ni.

2. Chm ngun RAM, ngun AGP hoc ngun chipset: Kim tra cc mosfet trong khu vc ny. o tr khng cc ng ngun ny. Hoc o tr khng cc t gm nh trn lng chip Bc nh trng hp 1 nu.

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3. Chm chip Nam

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t thy hn, v khi kch c ngun th 1 phn ca chip Nam hat ng ri. Xui lm mi b thi. Cch xc nh nh phn 4 bn di.

4. Chm cc thnh phn khc: Nh chip SIO, chip sound onboard, chip LAN onboard... ch c cch kch p ngun ATX hoc cp ngun ri (dng b cp ngun cho laptop) cho tng ng p chnh ri r tay th coi chip no nng bt thng xc nh. Cc trng hp do chm chip LAN onboard hoc sound onboard ch cn tho b l OK.

Mainboard: Kch ngun qut quay my khng BOOT

y l li thng gp nht mainboard. V mt trong cc thnh phn trn main h u dn n tnh trng nh trn. Trong trng hp ny tr th c lc nht chnh l "Card Test Mainboard". Cn trang b mt card test h tr nhiu i main, bo li chnh xc (mt s card b li C0, C1, D0, D1 v nht l ti m 26 trong khi mainboard vn chy bnh thng <-- Nu gp lai card ny th kh lng m sa c main cho tt c). Xem thm cc bi vit v card test main trn http://kythuatphancung.com ca lqv77 ti (Bi 1 - 2 - 3). Bc 1: Kim tra ngun cp cho CPU (Vcore) - kim tra, tt nht l trang b 1 CPU ti gi. Khi gn CPU ti gi vo nu mch cn chy lp tc s c mc ngun Vcore ti u cun dy ngay. Mt s trng hp dng CPU thit mch vn khng chy. Nn ti khuyn l nn dng CPU ti gi. Thm vo trn lng CPU ti gi cn c check point ca cc mc p chun o kim tra ngay nh Vcore, PG_good, Reset... - Chi tit v mch ny ti c bi vit: Mch cp ngun cho CPU. Trong bi vit ny ti ch hng dn thm cch kim tra v gi cch sa cha cho mch ny m

thi. - Hnh trn l s mch cp ngun cho CPU. Mch gm 1 IC to xung (iu xung) 1 IC o pha (c khi 2 IC ny nhp thnh 1) L1 l cun dy ng v. Hai mosfet (c khi l 3 mosfet) kt hp vi 1 cun dy (L2 nh hnh) s to ra 1 pha cho p Vcore cp cho CPU. V c bao Phng o to OSC Tel: 043 710 1466/68 My l 301

Cng ty TNHH My tnh Mng Truyn Thng OSC www.osc.vn nhiu cun dy ng ra th s c by nhiu Pha. Ta ch lu : p ra o c ngay ti u ra ca cun dy chnh l Vcore (khong 1V2 -> 1V5 ty theo CPU).

- y l 1 s mch thc t gm 3 pha. 1 IC to xung, 3 IC o pha, 6 mosfet, 3 cun dy ng ra. Nh hnh th ta thy 3 u cun dy u chung nn d thy p ti y s bng nhau.

- Nu o ti u cun dy c 1V2 -> 1V5 th coi nh mch Vcore "chy" v CPU phi nng ln. - Nu mt p ti y th CPU s khng chy v mainboard s han tan khng chy (a s mainboard h ch ny). - V vy: khi mainboard khng chy vic u tin l "Kim tra p Vcore". Nu mt p Vcore (rt thng xy ra) th: Xem bi vit: Mainboard mt p ngun Vcore v cch x l Bc 2: Kim tra tn hiu xung clock Phng o to OSC

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Cng ty TNHH My tnh Mng Truyn Thng OSC Bc 3: Kim tra tn hiu reset. Bc 4: Card test main phi chy Bc 5: Kim tra ngun cp cho chipset Bc 6: Kim tra ngun cp cho RAM v bus RAM. Bc 7: Kim tra v np th chip BIOS ROM nu cn. Bc 8: Mn hnh phi hin ln, phi c ting Beep; Bc 9: Kim tra kt ni bn phm chut

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Mainboard: Mch to xung clock cc li thng gp v cch x l

Cch nhn dng: Mch gm 1 IC Clock v mt Thch anh 14.3 i km. Ch cn tm c Thch anh 14.3 th IC bn cnh chnh l IC clock.

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Nhim v: Thch anh 14,3MHz to ra dao ng chun l 14,3 MHz, sau cc mch to xung Clock s ly dao

ng chun t thch anh ri nhn vi mt t l nht nh to ra cc tn s xung Clock khc nhau cung cp cho cc thnh phn ca Mainboard.

Li thng gp: Mt xung clock dn n mainboard hon ton t lit. Khi mt xung clock kich ngun qut quay my

khng boot.

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Cch kim tra:

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Sau khi kim tra cc mc ngun chnh trn mainboard nh Vcore, ngun RAM, AGP, chipset Bc, NAM th

quan st nCLK. Nu n sng th mch xung clock tt. Lu : Hin nay trn th trng c 3 loi card test mainboard c n CLK (bo ng) l PTi6 (bn mi

nht), PTi8 (bn mi nht) v PTi9. C 3 loi ny u hin th li thng qua mn hnh LCD. Tuy nhin, gi ca 3 loi card ny cn kh cao. Gi tham kho ln lt l 300.000vnd, 1.000.000vnd v 500.000vnd. Loi Pti8 th Test c cho c laptop qua c 2 loi ng cm wireless to v nh. Thm: 2 loi card PTi6 v PTi8 phin bn c khng c n CLK.

Cch x l: Hn, Kh li IC clock. Thay th thch anh 14.3 (phi ng 14.3) Thay IC clock (phi ng s hiu)

Nu sau khi x l, kim tra li thy n CLK sng l mch to xung clock hat ng tt. Lu khi thay IC Clock: Tn IC Clock hnh di y l ICS 952603DF (hng cui cng) nh.

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Li nng cao: - Trn thc t, xung clock c khe PCI (n clk sng) cha hng c xung clock n tan b cc b phn trn mainboard nh: CPU, chipset Bc, Nam, sound, LAN... - Vic kim tra xung clock ti cc v tr khc yu cu phi c "my hin sng" v th c kinh nghim mi kim tra c. - Phn ny cc cao th t nghin cu nh.

Mainboard: C xung clock, c reset, mt OSC v BIOS, khng ln hnh

Kim tra sau y cho thy, khi bt cng tc Mainboard khng khi ng, c tn hiu Reset h thng nhng CPU khng hot ng, khng c n OSC v BIOS.

Phn tch nguyn nhn.Xem li qu trnh khi ng ca MainboardPhn tch:

- Sau khi c tn hiu Reset h thng, Chipset bc hot ng. - Khi Chipset bc hot ng mi to ra tn hiu Reset_CPU khi ng CPU - CPU hot ng v pht tn hiu np chng trnh BIOS - Np c BIOS, chng trnh BIOS s duy tr s hot ng ca CPU. - Chng trnh BIOS thc hin kim tra Card Video v b nh RAM T qu trnh khi ng trn ta suy ra nguyn nhn mt n OSC v BIOS (khi c Reset) l do: - Hng hoc bong chn Chipset bc - Socket gn CPU khng tip xc - CPU c BUS khng c Mainboard h tr - Chn IC - ROM khng tip xc - Li chng trnh BIOS

Cc bc kim tra sa cha.Bc 1 - Kim tra CPU

- Chc chn rng CPU ang s dng th vn hot ng tt. - Khi s dng CPU th Mainboard, bn cn ch Bus ca CPU phi c Mainboard h tr - V d: Mainboard m bn ang sa ch h tr tc FSB l 533 v 800MHz, nu bn s dng CPU c Bus l

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hot ng. Xem li bi hc lin quan Bc 2 - Kim tra k Socket gn CPU

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533 hoc 800MHz n s hot ng bnh thng, nhng nu bn s dng CPU c Bus l 1066 th n s khng

Quan st cc chn ca Socket gn CPU xem c chn no b bp khng ?

Bc 3 - V sinh cho chn ROM tip xc tt

- Tho IC- ROM ra khi cm, v sinh sch s ri gn li, m bo cho cc chn c tip xc tt.
Bc 4 - Np li chng trnh BIOS cho ROM Ch nn thc hin bc 4 sau khi bn kim tra qua cc bc 1, 2, 3 nhng khng c

Xem li bi - Hng dn np chng trnh BIOS cho ROM

Bc 5 - Kim tra li - Sau khi sa cha qua mi bc trn, bn cn kim tra li xem CPU hot ng cha ? - Nu bn kim tra bng Card Test Main m thy n OSC v n BIOS sng l CPU hot ng v bn sa xong bnh.

- Sau khi CPU hot ng, bn gn RAM v Card Video vo Mainboard th xem c ln hnh khng ? - Nu gn RAM v Card Video vo m vn khng ln hnh th bn cn gn loa trong vo nghe m bo s c v kim tra tip,

My khng nhn bn phm.

1 - Nguyn nhn h hng.
1. Do mt in p 5V cp ra chn PS/2

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2. 3. 4. 5.

Do chn IC- SIO khng tip xc Do hng IC- SIO Do b d hoc chp cc t lc chn d liu Data hoc Clock Do li chng trnh BIOS (ch bnh khng nhn bn phm)

2 - Phn tch nguyn l mch

1. IC iu khin bn phm, chut. (Keyboard, Mouse)

Cng PS/2 (cng bn phm & chut) do IC - SIO iu khin

IC SIO iu khin bn phm v chut thng qua cc ng tn hiu: - Data - ng truyn d liu - Clock - Xung Clock Ngoi ra cng PS/2 c chn Vcc 5V - chn ngun cung cp 5V v chn GND l chn Mas PS/2 (Port Serial - cng truyn d liu tun t) - ng 5V ra cng PS/2 thng i qua cu ch bo v khi bn phm hoc chut b chp.

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- Trnh iu khin bn phm do BIOS qun l, cn trnh iu khin ca Chut do Windows qun l. 2. Cng PS/2 trn Mainboard Intel

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- KDAT - Keyboard Data - D liu ra bn phm - KCLK - Keyboard - Xung Clock ra bn phm - MDAT - Mouse Data - D liu ra chut - MCLK - Mouse - Xung Clock ra chut - F2 - L cu ch - Cc cun dy lc nhiu L1, L2, L3, L4, L5, L6, L7

3 - Cc bc kim tra sa cha

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1. Bc 1 - o kim tra in p chn PS/2

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Chn PS/2 pha sau mch in c to chn nh trn

- Chnh ng h thang 10V DC - o vo chn PS/2 nh hnh trn (o khi Mainboard ang c cp ngun) - Nu c in p 5V l chn PS/2 c ngun cp - Nu mt in p l chn PS/2 khng c ngun cp. 2. Bc 2 - Sa cha nu o thy chn PS/2 mt ngun 5V

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- Bn hy quan st k pha sau cc cng xem c cc cu ch (c k hiu l ch F1, F2 ...)- o cc cu ch ny phi c in tr bng 0 - Nu nh linh kin c k hiu F (cu ch) c tr khng > 0 th cu ch b t => Bn hy u tt cu ch F (nu t) bng mt si dy ng nh, sau kim tra li in p cng PS/2 3. Bc 3 - Hn li hoc thay IC - SIO- Nu bn kim tra in p chn PS/2 m vn c 5V th bn hy

kh li chn IC- SIO- Kh li m khng c kt qu th bn cn thay th IC- SIO 4. Bc 4 - Np li chng trnh BIOS- Nu bn thc hin qua cc bc 1, 2, 3 trn m khng c

kt qu th bn hy np li chng trnh BIOS

Bnh - My khng nhn chut.

Nguyn nhn h hng v cc bc kim tra sa cha hon ton tng t nh bnh My khng nhn bn phm Ring bc 4 - thay v bn np li BIOS th bn hy ci li Windows, bi v chut l do Windows iu khin.

Bnh - My khng nhn cng USB.

1 - Nguyn nhn h hng.
1. 2. Do mt in p 5V cp ra chn USB Do bong chn Chipset nam hoc hng Chipset nam

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3.

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Do USB khng c trnh iu khin.- Hu ht USB u c Windows XP t nhn, nhng trn cc h iu

hnh phin bn thp chng khng t nhn cng USB, kho bn cn phi ci t Drive cho USB. 4. Do li Windows hoc Windows b nhim Virus

2 - Phn tch nguyn l mch

1. S nguyn l mch.

2.

- DAT A - - Data - D liu ra bn phm- DATA + - D liu + D liu ra bn phm

-F - Cu ch bo v

Cc cng USB

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3. Mch iu khin cng USB trn Mainboard Intel

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3 - Cc bc kim tra sa cha

1. Bc 1 - o kim tra in p 5V ra chn USB- Cch o tng t nh o in p ra chn bn phm

trn cng PS/2- Nu mt in p trn cng USB => bn cn kim tra cc cu ch ng sau cc cng USB (cu ch c ch F1, F2...)- u tt cu ch nu t 2. c. 3. Ci li Windows phin bn cao hn (V d Win XP SP2 th nhn c hu Ci Drive cho USB nu nh cm USB vo, thy Windows c nhn c USB nhng bn khng s dng

ht cc USB trong khi Win XP SP1 khng nhn c mt s USB) 4. Kh li chn Chipset nam (nu cm USB vo nhng Windows khng nhn, trong khi Windows tt v

c in p cp ra chn USB)

Mainboard: Cc bc kim tra quan trng khi sa cha

1. Kim tra mch kch ngun: - a s main u khng cn CPU (tr mt s main INTEL l bt buc phi c CPU mi kch c ngun). - Nu kch ngun khng c th tho gic 12V (4pin) ra kch th nu c th vn 100% nm mch VRM b chm chp. - Kch p: nu li ch l mosfet o hay g nh, kc p s chy bnh thng. Kch p m cng khng c th chm chp nng ri .

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. (Nu chip NAM th kim ngun v thay th thch anh ca chip na nh)

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- o 5V (hoc 2v5-->5V) ti pin PS-ON. Nu mt: D Pin PS-ON -> Chip NAM hay SIO. Vo thng no p thng - D mosfet o (hoc IC o): chn xanh -> (qua) cng o (hay trc tip)-> SIO ; p cng o hoc SIO.

H hng chnh: cht mosfet o, li SIO, li chip NAM.

2. Xung clock: s chy ngay khi kch c ngun m cha cn cm CPU, Kim tra CLK v sa ngay bc 2 ny. Thng ch kh li, thay thch anh v thay IC clock l ht bi. 3. Kim tra cc mc ngun: - Vcore; mch VRM <-- Quan trng v di dng nn khng nu thm. - Ngun RAM <-- Quan trng th 2 sau Vcore. - Ngun chipset NAM, BC, AGP <-- Quan trng th 3 nht l pan nng chip do ngun cp cho chip sai. 4. Xung reset: - Thng th xong vic kim tra ngun th phi c reset nu khng ch cn chip NAM. Hp, , lm li chn hoc thay. 5. tt c m vn khng boot, card test cha chy: - Ch cn socket CPU v chip Bc <-- Li ny 10 cao th cht ht 10 - Phi p socket trc (tho np v sinh, hp socket...) - K p chip Bc (Hp, , lm li chn, thay) <-- Cc v kh nht (ch yu do thiu tool).

6. BIOS: - Thc ra pan bios ch nm cui cng thi nhng v bc 5 th qu chua nn mi ngi hay lm bc 6 ny trc "hy vng" chp m c. Kt lun: - Kh nhiu ngi vng bc 5. nh chu ht bi ri th tr thi. Mnh thua em ra thng khc cng thua thi ng lo tr phi ch no tool v iu kin lm. Ni thit lm ban bc 5 ny chua hn gim. Chng hng th mi chu lm ch khng th . - Trn y l "bi bn" x l nhng bnh "bnh thng" ca mainboard t hi. nhng bnh l dng "khng khng", "chp chn", "kh hiu"... th dnh cho mi ngi t nghin cu (m m).

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- Trn nguyn tc l cn bit cch no th c th c th.

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- Nhng "chiu" nh nht nh tho pin, clear cmos (i khi khch lm mt ci jum CLR CMOS cng lm main khng chy). Tho bios ra khi socket co sch chn hay "tm" vi " m", thm ch ch t mch mt cht xu... th nhng ngi th "c kinh ngim" u lm ri nn ti khng nhc lm g.

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