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Figure 1 : BRDF Measurement setup.
The proposed program would develop the fundamental building blocks necessary to implement VCPol in a remote sensing system. There are many challenges to overcome in the research, but success would provide the ability to characterize the BRDF from remote, monostatic measurements. Contact Information
Oscar Rodrguez orh@optics.arizona.edu J. Scott Tyo tyo@optics.arizona.edu http://www.optics.arizona.edu/asl
Ongoing Research Challenges Experimentally validate the ability of proposed methods to generate the desired mutual coherence properties The ASL has proposed two methods to control the mutual coherence properties. The rst is a modied Mach-Zender polarimetric interferometer 1 , while the second exploits the propagation relations discussed in Fig. 3 3 . After construction of the systems, we will require a exible mutual coherence matrix sensing system to estimate . One proposed system is shown in Fig. 4.
SRC IRIS CCD
where Ex and Ey are the transverse components of the optical eld assumed to be propagating in the z -direction. This matrix captures the full spatial and temporal coherence of the optical eld, and carries information about the entwined coherence and polarization states. While computation of involves correlation of the elds at two dierent points r1 and r2 , conventional optical detectors measure only the local optical intensity. This means that all well-known imaging and sensing systems including multispectral, hyperspectral, polarization, LIDAR, and passive imagers measure particular projections of , and the choice of projection is dictated by the optics in the path (gratings, polarizers, pinholes, etc.). VCPol 1 and its predecessor VCT 2 manipulate the properties of of the illumination in order to directly probe the properties of a particular material described by the scattering tensor k2 (r), F(r) = 4 e where is the local anisotropic electric susceptibility of the e scattering object. The innovation of VCPol is that the secondorder statistics of F can be inferred from remote, single-point, monostatic measurements of the coherency matrix 1 J(s ) = 2 F(r1 )(r1 , r2 )F(r2 ) F G (r )d r1 d r2 , r where G (r ) is the free space Greens function. The ability to control the incident coherence properties described by allow the development of a tomographic reconstruction whereby many dierent projections of F are taken by changing the coherence, but all measurements are made at one point in space. Recently the ASL has proposed a method to control the polarized coherence properties of the illumination through a generalized van Cittert-Zernike theorem that describes the propagation of (a) (b) the mutual coherence matrix through space 3 . Using those methods, it is possible to gen- Figure 3 : Polarization fringes erate elds that are unpolar- used to control polarized 3 ized in the traiditional one- coherence properties point sense, but carry interesting two-point polarized coherence properties using carefully controlled polarization fringes (Fig. 3). References
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Figure 4 : System to measure the coherence properties. We propose using two spatial light modulators (SLM), one to introduce the desired patterns and the second to probe the resulting coherence.
Simulate VCPol engagement scenarios and develop processing methods While VCT was demonstrated experimentally 2 , VCPol has not, and all developments to this point have been theoretical. In this task we will model engagement scenarios both for laboratory verication and for ultimate implementation at range. Laboratory demonstration of VCPol After the development of the source capabilities, engagement modeling, and development of exploitation software, a full lab-based VCPol system can be built. Design a system capable of performing VCPol outside the laboratory As the bridge to a future program, success in the above eorts will enable a full system design. Develop direct modeling equations for predicting the scattering of the mutual coherence matrix The mutual coherence matrix satises a wave-like equation and has a Greens function that describes its propagation. We hope to nd boundary conditions and scattering formulas that allow direct modeling of the statistical electromagnetic eld interactions, eliminating the need for Monte-Carlo simulations.
[1] J. S. Tyo and T. S. Turner, J. Opt. Soc. Am. A 25, 2383 (2008). [2] E. Baleine and A. Dogariu, J. Opt. Soc. Am. A 21, 1917 (2004). [3] O. G. Rodrguez-Herrera and J. S. Tyo, J. Opt. Soc. Am. A p. Accepted for Publication (2012).