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Green Concrete
Green Concrete
Green Concrete
F F F F F F
Introduction Definition of sustainable concrete structures The Danish way Centre for Green concrete Evaluation of new supplementary cementing materials Future outlook and conclusions
Status
An independent independent, , notnot-for for- profit institution. Approved as a technological service institute by the Danish Minister of Science, Technology and Innovation
Objective
The objective of the Danish Technological Institute is to address the needs of the industrial sector and society as a whole through the development and dissemination of technological innovation
Technology
F Danish Centre for Green Concrete F Evaluation of the use of green waste glass F Nordic network Concrete for the environment F DK project: List of action and selected activities F EU network ECO-SERVE F Nordic project: CO2 uptake
Designed, built, operated or reused in a ressourceefficient manner F Utilising the inherently environmentally beneficial properties The right concrete for the F Tailor-made for the use right application F Total environmental impact during the entire life cycle reduced to a minimum
Source: Source : Concrete for the environment - a Nordic network
Criteria
F F
F F F
Use aggregate that is extracted in an environmentally sound manner Use cement manufactured using modern production technology, recycled raw materials and alternative energy sources. Be produced at concrete plants where environmental impact is minimised. Have an optimal clinker content according to the intended strength and durability. Not introduce environmental problems such as Source: Source : Concrete for the environment leaching of heavy metals etc.
a Nordic network
AALBORG UNIVERSITY
Universities
Overview of results
. The Centre has made it possible to document the technical
properties of green types of concrete and to describe the environmental impacts of choosing green solutions. The Centre has developed a number of solutions that can be put directly to use by the industry both for large civil structure as well as for housing.
Environmental targets
F F F F F
30% CO2 reduction 20% residual products as aggregate Concrete industry to use own waste New types of residual products used Waste as fuel in cement production Not introduce new environmental problems
+
F
Green strategies
Materials: FGreen cement FMinimize clinker content FOwn residual products FAlternative ashes
Structural design: FNo asphalt or moisture barrier FEasy to substitute part of construction Repair and maintenance strategies:
FStainless steel FIncreased cover FPermanent formwork
Green types of concrete Ref.concrete (CEM I 42.5) Green cement (CEM 1 52.5) 35-38% FA Sewage sludge incineration ash Stainless reinforcement No moisture barrier and asphalt
Mix design
A-REF A0 A1 A1 3 3 3 3 kg/m i VOT kg/m i VOT kg/m i VOT kg/m i VOT Low-alkali C (CEM I 42,5) 317 Rapid C (CEM I 52,5) 317 210 238 FA 32 32 142 135 SF 18 18 18 18 Water 153 153 125 133 W/c 0,42 0,42 0,41 0,41 FA in % of powder 9 9 38 35 CO2 reduction 33 51 45 Application Foundations Foundations Foundations Bridge deck Columns Columns Columns Bridge deck Bridge deck
kg CO 2 per year
The model is presented in a Danish publication from the Green Concrete project, see www.gronbeton.dk
Model
By-product
Model phase 1
By-product
1. Initial evaluation 2. Initial testing
SiO2, Al 2O 3, Fe 2O3 puzzolanic reaction Harmful substances Heavy metals Other substances (e.g. MgO, P 2O 5)
3. Suppl. testing
Model phase 2
By-product
1. Initial evaluation 2. Initial testing 3. Suppl. testing
Consistence and changes in the consistence Air content and changes in the air content Strength development Heat development Bleeding, hardening time, etc. Frost resistance
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Model phase 3
Evaluate initial results, make corrections in mix design, carry out supplementary tests of:
By-product
1. Initial evaluation 2. Initial testing
3. Suppl. testing
Conclusion - Model
By-product
1. Initial Evaluation 2. Initial Testing 3. Suppl. testing
Are there any limitations in the possible applications ? Is it allowed to use this by-product according to valid standards (e.g. EN 206-1) ? What is the environmental impact from this new type of concrete ? Can the concrete be produced and handled the same way as ordinary concrete ?
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Waste glass
Crushing
Grinding
Aalborg White
66,72 1,48 0,41 0,19 10,87 0,84 13,09 0,48 <0,03 0,03
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Voervadsbro-sand (ikke-reaktivt)
0,3 Beton-ref Beton-G350 ekspansion [%] 0,2 0,1 0,0 0 0 7 14 21 28 35 42 49 56 -0,1 tid [uger] tid [dgn] 4 8 12 16 20 G350 K350
150 100 50 0
60 trykstyrke [MPa] 50
ekspansion [%] 0,4
Nymlle-sand (reaktivt)
tid [uger]
Phase 1 and 2 of the model showed that glass fillers for concrete (grey and white) is a possibility F Supplementary testing is needed F EN 206 allows the use of glass fillers for concrete in all exposure classes if it is valid in the place of use, or if a national standard is prepared F Environmental impacts have only been discussed no tests have been carried out
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Optimise clinker content - CEM II cements and/or supplementary cementing materials F SCC will increase need of supplementary cementing materials F Focus on thermal capacities due to new EU directive
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Fuel
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