Busca Pub Med Biomedical research Latin America "Biomedical Research"[Mesh] Latin America 1.

A comparative analysis of biomedical research ethics regulation systems in Europe and Latin America with regard to the protection of human subjects. No tem disponvel nos peridicos capes Lamas E, Ferrer M, Molina A, Salinas R, Hevia A, Bota A, Feinholz D, Fuchs M, Schramm R, Tealdi JC, Zorrilla S. J Med Ethics. 2010 Dec;36(12):750-3. Epub 2010 Aug 26. ok 2. [National health research systems in Latin America: a 14-country review]. ok

Alger J, Becerra-Posada F, Kennedy A, Martinelli E, Cuervo LG; Grupo Colaborativo de la Primera Conferencia Latinoamericana de Investigacin e Innovacin para la Salud. Rev Panam Salud Publica. 2009 Nov;26(5):447-57. Spanish.
3.

Poverty, bioethics and research. ok

Ribeiro CR, Zoboli EL. Rev Lat Am Enfermagem. 2007 Sep-Oct;15 Spec No:843-9. University of So Paulo, Ribeiro Preto, College of Nursing, WHO Collaborating Center for Nursing Research Development, Brazil. clearib@eerp.usp.br

Abstract
The article presents a reflection on conception of poverty as a condition or circumstance that restricts personal autonomy and increases vulnerability. Focusing on bioethical arguments, the authors discuss two perspectives: (i) economic, that relates poverty to incapacity to work and (ii) ethical-philosophical, which relates poverty to inequality and injustice. The first perspective corresponds to the World Bank's view according to its recommendations to the political and economic adjustment in Latin America. The second one is based on concepts of fairness and equality as components of social justice. The subjects' autonomy and vulnerability have been under question in an international movement that requests revision of ethical guidelines for the biomedical research. The bioethical arguments presented in this article enhance a discussion on unfair treatment to subjects enlisted in protocols sponsored by rich countries and hosted by poor nations. PMID: 17934593 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]Free Article

4. Rev Biol Trop. 2005 Mar-Jun;53(1-2):283-94.

The countries and languages that dominate biological research at the beginning of the 21st century. ok
Monge-Njera J, Nielsen V. Revista Biologia Tropical, Universidad de Costa Rica, 2060 San Jos, Costa Rica. rbt@cariari.ucr.ac.cr

Abstract
Traditionally, studies of scientific productivity are biased in two ways: they are based on Current Contents, an index centered in British and American journals, and they seldom correct for population size, ignoring the relative effort that each society places in research. We studied national productivity for biology using a more representative index, the Biological Abstracts, and analyzed both total and relative productivity. English dominates biological publications with 87% (no other individual language reaches 2%). If the USA is considered a region by itself, it occupies the first place in per capita production of biology papers, with at least twice the productivity of either Asia or Europe. Canada, Oceania and Latin America occupy an intermediate position. The global output of scientific papers is dominated by Europe, USA. Japan, Canada, China and India. When corrected for population size, the countries with the greatest productivity of biology papers are the Nordic nations, Israel, Switzerland, Netherlands, Australia, Saint Lucia and Montserrat. The predominance of English as the language of biological research found in this study shows a continuation of the trend initiated around the year 1900. The large relative productivity of the USA reflects the importance that American society gives to science as the basis for technological and economic development, but the USA's share of total scientific output has decreased from 44% in 1983 to 34% in 2002, while there is a greater growth of science in India, Japan and Latin America, among others. The increasing share obtained by China and India may reflect a recent change in attitude towards funding science. The leadership of Nordic nations, Israel, Switzerland, Netherlands and Australia can be explained by cultural attitude. Apparently, a positive trend is emerging in Latin America, where Chile improved its ranking in per capita productivity but Argentina, Costa Rica, Uruguay, Brazil and Cuba fell. Nevertheless, the most productive countries in total number of papers are Brazil, Mexico and Argentina: large countries with a long tradition of funding scientific research.

Acta Trop. 2006 Oct;99(2-3):155-9. Epub 2006 Oct 2.

5.

A bibliometric analysis of global trends of research productivity in tropical medicine. ok

Falagas ME, Karavasiou AI, Bliziotis IA. Alfa Institute of Biomedical Sciences (AIBS), Athens, Greece. m.falagas@aibs.gr

Abstract
The field of tropical medicine has a long history due to the significance of the relevant diseases for the humanity. We estimated the contribution of different world regions to research published in the main journals of tropical medicine. Using the PubMed and the Institute for Scientific Information (ISI) "Web of Science" databases, we retrieved articles from 12 journals included in the "Tropical Medicine" category of the "Journal Citation Reports" database of ISI for the period 1995-2003. Data on the country of origin of the research were available for 11,860 articles in PubMed (98.1% of all articles from the tropical medicine category). The contribution of different world regions during the studied period, as estimated by the location of the affiliation of the first author, was: Western Europe 22.7%, Africa 20.9%, Latin America and the Caribbean 20.7%, Asia (excluding Japan) 19.8%, USA 10.6%, Oceania 2.1%, Japan 1.5%, Eastern Europe 1.3%, and Canada 0.6%. The contribution of regions, estimated by the location of the affiliation of at least one author of the published papers (retrieved from the ISI database), was similar: Western Europe 36.6%, Africa 27.7%, Latin America and the Caribbean 24.4%, and Asia 23.3%. The mean impact factor of articles published in tropical medicine journals was highest for the USA (1.65). Our analysis suggests that the developing areas of the world produce a considerable amount of research in tropical medicine; however, given the specific geographic distribution of tropical diseases they probably still need help by the developed nations to produce more research in this field. PMID: 17014806 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] FASEB J. 2006 Jan;20(1):29-34.
6.

Research contribution of different world regions in the top 50 biomedical journals (1995-2002). ok

Soteriades ES, Rosmarakis ES, Paraschakis K, Falagas ME. Alfa Institute of Biomedical Sciences (AIBS), Athens, Greece.

Abstract
We evaluated all articles published by different world regions in the top 50 biomedical journals in the database of the Journal Citation Reports-Institute for Scientific Information for the period between 1995 and 2002. The world was divided into 9 regions [United States of America (the U.S.), Western Europe, Japan, Canada, Asia, Oceania, Latin America, and the Caribbean, Eastern Europe, and Africa] based on a combination of geographic, economic and scientific criteria. The number of articles published by each region, the mean impact factor, and the product of the above two parameters were our main indicators. The above numbers were also adjusted for population size, gross national income per capita of each region, and other factors. Articles published from the U.S. made up about two-thirds of all scientific papers published in the top 50 biomedical journals between 1995 and 2002. Western Europe contributed approximately a quarter of the published papers while the remaining onetenth of articles came from the rest of the world. Canada, however, ranked second when number of articles was adjusted for population size. The U.S. is by far the highestranking country/region in publications in the top 50 biomedical journals even after adjusting for population size, gross national product, and other factors. Canada and Western Europe share the second place while the rest of the world is far behind. PMID: 16394264 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]Free Article http://www.fasebj.org/content/20/1/29.full.pdf+html

Rev Salud Publica (Bogota). 2010;12 Suppl 1:28-38.

7.

[Ethical principles and approaches to health systems governance research: conceptual and methodological implications]. ok

[Article in Spanish] Flores W. Centro de Estudios para la Equidad y Gobernanza en los Sistemas de Salud, Guatemala. wflores@cegss.org.gt

Abstract
Governance refers to decision-making processes in which power relationships and actors and institutions' particular interests converge. Situations of consensus and conflict

are inherent to such processes. Furthermore, decision-making happens within a framework of ethical principles, motivations and incentives which could be explicit or implicit. Health systems in most Latin-American and Caribbean countries take the principles of equity, solidarity, social participation and the right to health as their guiding principles; such principles must thus rule governance processes. However, this is not always the case and this is where the importance of investigating governance in health systems lies. Making advances in investigating governance involves conceptual and methodological implications. Clarifying and integrating normative and analytical approaches is relevant at conceptual level as both are necessary for an approach seeking to investigate and understand social phenomena's complexity. In relation to methodological level, there is a need to expand the range of variables, sources of information and indicators for studying decision-making aimed to greater equity, health citizenship and public policy efficiency. Cell Mol Neurobiol. 2002 Dec;22(5-6):463-7.
8.

The future of Latin American science. ok

Saavedra JM. PMID: 12585674 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]