I

Abstract
Conditional complex sentence is very common and is used frequently both in
oral and written Chinese. In teaching Chinese as a foreign language, many foreign
students have problems in the process of acquiring it because there are many types
within it and its grammatical structure and logistic meaning are comparatively
complex. Negative trasfer of mother tongue is also a influencing factor.
we investigate and analyse the error types, reasons for the errors and acqusition
order from the angel of acquiring Chinese as a second language using the theories of
contrastive analysis, error analysis and Interlanguage. The reaserch methods are
combined with the corpus analysis, statistical analysis and questionnaire survey and
the object of the reaserch are European and American students. we also inspect the
description and order arrangement of the Chinese conditional complex sentence in the
textbooks to students learning Chinese as a foreign langage and point out the
problems according to our reaserch result. We hope this thesis can have some
reference frame to the conditional complex sentence teaching.
The whole thesis is divided into six chapters. The first chapter is introduction.
We mainly introduce the reason for the reaserch, object and content of the reaserch,
basic theories and reaserch methods and steps. The second chapter is literature review
on Chinese complex sentence and conditional complex sentence. The third chapter
mainly analyses the structure and meaning of the Chinese conditional complex
sentence . The fourth chapter is the error analysis of Chinese conditional complex
sentence acqusition on European and American students. The fifth chapter is the
reaserch on the acqusition order and the order of textbooks on Chinese conditional
complex sentence. The sixth chapter is concluding remarks. The reaserch result,
deficiency and suggestions for the succeeding reaserch will be given in this chapter.
Key words: European and American students; Conditional complex sentence;
Error analysis

II

..............................................................................................................................................I
Abstract...............................................................................................................................................II
...................................................................................................................................................III
Contents.............................................................................................................................................IV
.......................................................................................................................................1
1.1 ......................................................................................................................................1
1.2 ...................................................................................................................1
1.3 .........................................................................................................................................2
1.4 ...................................................................................................................4
...........................................................................................6
2.1 ...................................................................................6
2.2 .................................................................10
......................................................................................13
3.1 .........................................................................................................................13
3.2 .....................................................................................................................16
3.3 ....................................................................................................................................18
.........................................................................23
4.1 .....................................................................................................23
4.2 .............................................................................................25
4.3 ....................................................................................................................................28
4.4 .................................................................................................................34
.....................................................42
5.1 .............................................................................42
5.2 .............................................................................46

...............................................................................................................................................48
...........................................................................................................................................50
.......................................................................................................................................53
.......................................................................................................................................59
...................................................................................................................................................61

III

Contents
Chapter 1: Introductions......................................................................................1
1.1 Reasons for the reaserch................................................................................1
1.2 Object and content of the reaserch...............................................................1
1.3 Basic theories..................................................................................................2
1.4 Reaserch methods and steps.........................................................................5

Chapter 2: literature review on Chinese complex sentence and

conditional complex sentence.............................................................................6
2.1 literature review on Chinese complex sentence and conditional complex
sentence of mordern Chinese........................................................................6
2.2 literature review on Chinese complex sentence and conditional complex
sentence of teaching Chinese as a foreign language..................................10

Chapter 3: Analysis of the structure and meaning of the Chinese

conditional complex sentence...........................................................................14
3.1 Chinese sufficient conditional sentence......................................................14
3.2 Chinese necessary conditional sentence.....................................................17
3.3 Chinese unconditional sentence..................................................................20

Chapter 4: Error analysis of Chinese conditional complex sentence

acqusition on European and American students.......................................25
4.1 Survey on the natural language material..................................................25
4.2 Survey on the experimental controlled language material......................27
4.3 Error types....................................................................................................32
4.4 Reasons for the Error..................................................................................37

Chapter 5: Reaserch on the acqusition order and the order of

textbooks of Chinese conditional complex sentence.................................47
5.1 Reaserch on the acqusition order of Chinese conditional complex
sentence.........................................................................................................47
5.2 Reaserch on the order arrangement of textbooks of Chinese conditional
complex sentence..........................................................................................52

Chapter 6: Concluding remarks......................................................................55

Reference..................................................................................................................57
Appendix 1...............................................................................................................60
Appendix 2...............................................................................................................66
Acknowledgement.................................................................................................68

IV

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58

Questionnaire Survey
(Name)________ (Nationality)_________

_______ ______

As this is the questionnaire survey of my Master's thesis, please take it seriously.

Please do it by yourself, do not consult the dictionary or ask for other's help.
Thanks very much for your help.
Choose the best answer
1___________________
A B C D
2_____________give up
A B C D
3__________________
A B C D unless
4_______ promise ________
A B C D otherwise
5__________
A BC D
6_____________
ABC D
( True or false)
1
2
3
4
5
6decision
7

59

8
9
10solve
11
12

13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20traffic jam
( Traslation using the given word)
1I will go to school no matter how cold the weather is.
2We will go to class no matter whether you go or not.
3I won't go to school unless it is Monday
4I sleep with the door open unless it is cold.
5Don't open the door no matter who comes!
6Only if I get a job will I have enough money to go to school.
7Only by studying hard will you get a good score
8As long as you works hard, you will learn chinese well
9Will I be successful as long as I work hard ?
10Unless mother agrees, or he can only stay at home.

60

06

61