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Using subject pronouns: WHO, WHICH, THAT

I thanked the woman. She helped me. (a) I thanked the woman who helped me. (b) I thanked the woman that helped me. The book is mine. It is on the table. (c) The book which is on the table is mine. (d) The book that is on the table is mine.

Exercises
1. I saw the man. He closed the door. 2. The girl is happy. She won the race. 3. The student is from China. He sits next to me. 4. The students are from China. They sit in the front row. 5. We are studying sentences. They contain adjective clauses. 6. I am using a sentence. It contains an adjective clause. 7. Algebra problems contain letters. They stand for unknown numbers. 8. The taxi driver was friendly. He took me to the airport.

2. Using object pronouns: WHO(M), WHICH, THAT

The man was Mr. Jones. I saw him. (a) The man who(m) I saw was Mr. Jones. (b) The man that I saw was Mr. Jones. (c) The man I saw was Mr. Jones.

The movie wasn't very good. We saw it last night. (d) The movie which we saw last night wasn't very good. (e) The movie that we saw last night wasn't very good. (f) The movie we saw last night wasn't very good.

Exercises
1. The book was good. I read it. 2. I like the woman. I met her at the party last night. 3. I liked the composition. You wrote it. 4. The people were very nice. We visited them yesterday. 5. The news is very difficult. We are listening to it now. 6. The software is easy to use. Jake taught me how to use it.

3. Using pronouns of prepositions: WHO(M), WHICH, THAT

She is the woman. I told you about her. (a) She is the woman about whom I told you. (b) She is the woman whom I told you about. (c) She is the woman that I told you about. (d) She is the woman I told you about. The music was good. We listened to it last night. (e) The music to which we listened last night was good. (f) The music which we listened to last night was good. (g) The music that we listened to last night was good. (h) The music we listened to last night was good. Advanced (a) Did you read the book I had told you to read? (b) Do you remember the man I asked to carry my bag? (c) Do you remember the bag I asked the man to keep an eye on? (d) There is a man I want you to meet. (e) Do you have a younger brother or sister who gets your mother to buy everything he or she watches advertised on TV? (f) Jennifer is the kind of person you would never consider extroverted.

Exercises
1. The meeting was interesting. I went to it. 2. The man was very kind. I talked to him yesterday. 3. I must thank the people. I got a present from them. 4. The picture was beautiful. She was looking at it. 5. The man is standing over there. I was telling you about him. 6. I lost the pills. The doctor told me to take them at least 3 times every day. 7. Samantha likes people. She feels comfortable with them.

4. Using Whose

not "of which"

I know the man. His bicycle was stolen. (a) I know the man whose bicycle was stolen. The student writes well. I read her composition. (b) The student whose composition I read writes well. Mr. Catt has a painting. Its value is inestimable. (c) Mr. Catt has a painting whose value is inestimable.

Exercises
1. I apologized to the woman. I spilled her coffee. 2. The man called the police. His wallet was stolen. 3. I met the woman. Her husband is the president of the corporation. 4. The professor was excellent. I'm taking her course. 5. Mr. North teaches a class for students. Their native language is not English. 6. I'm from a country. Its history goes back thousands of years. 7. The people were nice. We visited their house. 8. I live in a dormitory. Its residents come from many countries. 9. I have to call the man. I accidentally picked up his umbrella after the meeting. 10. The man poured a glass of water on his face. His beard caught on fire when he lit a cigarette.

5. Using Where
The building is very old. He lives there(in that building). (a) The building where he lives is very old. (b) The building in which he lives is very old. The building which he lives in is very old. The building that he lives in is very old. The building he lives in is very old.

Exercises
1. The city was beautiful. We spent our vacation there (in that city). 2. That is the restaurant. I will meet you there (at that restaurant). 3. The town is small. I grew up there (in that town). 4. That is the drawer. I keep my jewelry there (in that drawer).

6. Using When
I'll never forget the day. I met you then (on that day). (a) I'll never forget the day when I met you. (b) I'll never forget the day on which I met you. I'll never forget the day that I met you. I'll never forget the day I met you.

Exercises
1. Monday is the day. We will come then (on that day). 2. 7:05 is the time. My plane arrives then (at that time). 3. 1960 is the year. The revolution took place then (in that year). 4. July is the month. The weather is usually the hottest then (in that month).

7. Punctuation of adjective clauses

(a) The professor who teaches chemistry 101 is an excellent lecturer. (b) Professor Williams, who teaches chemistry 101, is an excellent lecturer.

(c) Hawaii, which consists of eight principal islands, is a favorite vacation spot. (d) Mrs. Smith, who is a retired teacher, does volunteer work at the hospital.

who ( m ) (e) The man that I met teaches chemistry. (f) Mr. Lee, whom I met yesterday, teaches chemistry.

(g) We took some children on a picnic. The children, who wanted to play soccer, ran to an open field as soon as we arrived at the park. (h) We took some children on a picnic. The children who wanted to play soccer ran to an open field as soon as we arrived at the park. The others played a different game.

Exercises
1. Alan and Jackie who did not come to class yesterday explained their absence to the teacher. 2. The students who did not come to class yesterday explained their absence to the teacher. 3. The geologist who lectured at Browning Hall last night predicted another earthquake. 4. Dr. Fields who lectured at Browning Hall last night predicted another earthquake. 5. Only people who speak Russian should apply for the job. 6. Matthew who speaks Russian should apply for the job. 7. The rice which we had for dinner last night was very good. 8. Rice which is grown in many countries is a staple food throughout much of the world. 9. I have fond memories of my hometown which is situated in a valley. 10. I live in a town which is situated in a valley. 11. The Mississippi River which flows south from Minnesota to the Gulf of Mexico is the major commercial river in the US. 12. A river which is polluted is not safe for swimming. 13. Mr. Brown whose son won the spelling contest is very proud of his son's achievement. The man whose daughter won the science contest is also very pleased and proud. 14. Goats which were first tamed more than 9,000 years ago in Asia have provided people with milk, meat, and wool since prehistoric times. 15. Mrs. Clark has two goats. She's furious at the goat which got on the wrong side of the fence and is eating her flowers.

8. Using adjective clauses to modify pronouns

(a) There is a someone (whom) I want to you to meet. (b) Everything he said was pure nonsense. (c) Anybody who wants to come is welcome. (d) Paula is the only one I knew at the party. (e) Scholarships are available for those who need financial assistance. (f) It is I who am responsible. (g) He who laughs last laughs best.

8. Using Expression of Quantity in Adjective Clause

In my class there are 20 students. Most of them are from the Far East. (a) In my class there are 20 students, most of whom are from the Far East. He gave several reasons. Only a few of them were valid. (b) He gave several reasons, only a few of which were valid. The teacher discussed Jim. One of his problems was poor study habits. (c) The teacher discussed Jim, one of whose problems was poor study habits.

Exercises
1. The city has sixteen schools. Two of them are junior colleges. 2. Last night the orchestra played three symphonies. One of them was Beethoven's Seventh. 3. I tried on six pairs of shoes. I liked none of them. 4. The village has around 200 people. The majority of them are farmers. 5. That company currently has five employees. All of them are computer experts. 6. After the riot, over one hundred people were taken to the hospital. Many of them had been innocent bystanders.

10. Using noun of which

We have an antique table. The top of it has jade inlay. (a) We have an antique table, the top of which has jade inlay.

Exercises
1. We toured a 300-year-old house. The exterior of the house consisted of logs cemented with clay. 2. They own an original Picasso's painting. The value of the painting is more than a million dollars. 3. I bought a magazine. The title of the magazine is Contemporary Architectural Styles. 4. My country is dependent upon its income from coffee. The price of coffee varies according to the fluctuations in the world market. 5. The genetic engineers are engaged in significant experiments. The result of the experiments will be published in the Journal of Science. 6. The professor has assigned the students a research paper. The purpose of the research paper is to acquaint them with method of scholarly inquiry.

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11. Using "which" to modify a whole sentence

(a) Tom was late. (b) That surprised me. (c) Tom was late, which surprised me. (d) The elevator is out of order. (e) This is too bad. (f) The elevator is out of order, which is too bad.

11. Reduction of Adjective Clauses to Adjective phrases

(a) The man who is talking to John is from Korea. The man talking to John is from Korea. (b) The ideas which are presented in that book are interesting. The ideas presented in that book are interesting. (c) Ann is the woman who is responsible for preparing the budget. Ann is the woman responsible for preparing the budget. (d) George Washington, who was the first president of the United States, was a wealthy colonist and a general in the army. George Washington, the first president of the United States, was a wealthy colonist and a general in the army. (e) English has an alphabet that consists of 26 letters. English has an alphabet consisting of 26 letters. (f) Anyone who wants to come with us is welcome. Anyone wanting to come with us is welcome.

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Exercises
1. Do you know the woman who is coming toward us? 2. The people who are waiting for the bus in the rain are getting wet. 3. I come from a city that is located in the southern part of the country. 4. The children who attend that school receive a good education. 5. The scientist who are researching the causes of cancer are making progress. 6. The fence which surrounds our house is made of wood. 7. They live in the house which was built in 1890. 8. We have an apartment which overlooks the park.

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