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Automatic Siren Kit: Elenco Electronics, Inc
Automatic Siren Kit: Elenco Electronics, Inc
Automatic Siren Kit: Elenco Electronics, Inc
MODEL K-13
PARTS LIST
Contact Elenco Electronics (address/phone/e-mail is at the back of this manual) if any parts are missing or damaged. DO NOT contact your place of purchase as they will not be able to help you.
RESISTORS
Qty 1 1 1 1 1 Symbol R5 R2 R1 R3 R4 Description 220 5% 1/4W 2.2k 5% 1/4W 4.7k 5% 1/4W 10k 5% 1/4W 100k 5% 1/4W Color Code red-red-brown-gold red-red-red-gold yellow-violet-red-gold brown-black-orange-gold brown-black-yellow-gold Part # 132200 142200 144700 151000 161000
CAPACITORS
Qty 2 1 1 1 Symbol C4, C5 C1 C3 C2 Description .01F Discap 100F Electrolytic 470F Electrolytic 1000F Electrolytic Part # 241031 281044 284744 291044
SEMICONDUCTORS
Qty 1 1 Symbol Q1 IC1 Description Transistor 2N3904 NPN Integrated Circuit 556 Part # 323904 330556
MISCELLANEOUS
Qty 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 Symbol S1 B1 SPK1 Description PC Board Switch Solder Roll 24 Battery Snap 9V Speaker Socket IC 14-pin Wire 4 Part # 518013 541102 551135 590098 590102 664014 814620
PARTS IDENTIFICATION
Resistor Transistor Capacitors Integrated Circuit Speaker Switch
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CIRCUIT OPERATION
The heart of the Automatic Siren is the 556 IC. This integrated circuit contain two 555 timer ICs in a single 14-pin dip package. The 555 timer has become one of the basic and extremely successful chips in the semiconductor field. Understanding this device will prove most helpful as you will surely encounter its use many times in the future.
VCC 8
Since the 556 contains two 555 timers, we shall analyze the 5k 555 IC to simplify the study. The block diagram of the 555 6 Threshold chip is shown in Figure 1. The pin connection of this IC is Comp 5 Flip A shown in Figure 2. R Control Flop Voltage In the Automatic Siren, the 555 timers are operated as two Q 5k stable multivibrator oscillators. Figure 3 shows the circuit of Inhibit/ S Reset Comp the multivibrators. The main oscillator is formed by 556B 2 B Trigger and its associated resistors and capacitors. Resistors R3, 5k R4 and capacitors C5 form an RC circuit. This combination determines the frequency of oscillation. If you vary the 1 4 GND Reset resistor or capacitor you will change the frequency or pitch Figure 1 of the siren. This circuit will oscillate at around 2000 cycles per second. The tone will be steady. The output of this oscillator appears on 1. Ground pin 5. The voltage is a square wave. This voltage is applied to the base of an 2. Trigger 3. Output NPN transistor through the current limiting resistor R5. Whenever the output 4. Reset voltage is high, transistor Q1 conducts sending a current through the speaker. 5. Control Voltage 6. Threshold This produces the loud sound you hear. 7. Discharge The second 556A timer also operates as a stable multivibrator. The frequency 8. Vcc is determined by resistor R1, R2 and capacitors C2 and C3. Note that the Figure capacitors on this unit are very large (47F). The 556B timer uses only .01F. This large capacity forces the oscillation frequency to be very low, about .1 cycles per second or 1 cycle every 10 seconds. The output of this timer appears on pin 9. This output is a square wave and therefore is not desirable in our circuit. To make the siren wabble we need a sawtooth waveform. This we find at capacitors C2 and C3. We therefore connect the input of 556B (pin 3) to those capacitors. Pin 3 is the voltage control point for the timer.
Discharge
Output
1 2 3 4
8 7 6 5
Figure 4 -2-
BANDS
1 2 Multiplier Tolerance
Note: The letter R may be used at times to signify a decimal point; as in 3R3 = 3.3
103K
100
Tolerance
The letter M indicates a tolerance of +20% The letter K indicates a tolerance of +10% The letter J indicates a tolerance of +5%
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CONSTRUCTION
Introduction
Assembly of your K-13 Automatic Siren Kit will prove to be an exciting project and give you much satisfaction and personal achievement. If you have experience in soldering and wiring techniques, then you should have no problem with the assembly of this kit. Care must be given to identifying the proper components and in good soldering habits. Above all, take your time and follow these easy step-by-step instructions. Remember, An ounce of prevention is worth a pound of cure. Avoid making mistakes and no problems will occur.
CAUTION: WEAR SAFETY GLASSES WHEN ASSEMBLING THIS KIT. Assemble Components
In all of the following assembly steps, the components must be installed on the top side of the PC board unless otherwise indicated. The top legend shows where each component goes. The leads pass through the corresponding holes and the board is turned to solder the component leads on the foil side. Solder immediately unless the pad is adjacent to another hole which will interfere with the placement of the other component. Cut excessive leads with a diagonal cutter. Then, place a check mark in the box provided next to each step to indicate that the step is completed. Be sure to save the extra leads for use as jumper wires if needed.
Foil Side Rx - 100 5% 1/4W Resistor (brown-black-brown-gold)
Mount Part
Soldering
The most important factor in assembling your automatic siren is good soldering techniques. Using the proper soldering iron is of prime importance. A small pencil type soldering iron of 25 - 40 watts is recommended. The tip of the iron must be kept clean at all times and well tinned. Many areas on the PC board are close together and care must be given not to form solder shorts. Size and care of the tip will eliminate problems. For a good soldering job, the areas being soldered must be heated sufficiently so that the solder flows freely. Apply the solder simultaneously to the component lead and the component pad on the PC board so that good solder flow will occur. Be sure that the lead extends through the solder smoothly indicating a good solder joint. Use only rosin core solder of 60/40 alloy. DO NOT USE ACID CORE SOLDER! Do not blob the solder over the lead because this can result in a cold solder joint.
1.
Solder all components from the copper foil side only. Push the soldering iron tip against both the lead and the circuit board foil.
4.
Here is what a good solder connection looks like. Cut off excess leads.
Example 1
Circuit Board
2.
First apply a small amount of solder to the iron tip. This allows the heat to leave the iron and onto the foil. Immediately apply solder to the opposite side of the connection, away from the iron. Allow the heated component and the circuit foil to melt the solder. Allow the solder to flow around the connection. Then, remove the solder and the iron and let the connection cool. The solder should have flowed smoothly and not lump around the wire lead.
Poor solder connections occur when the lead is not heated sufficiently. The solder will not flow onto the lead as shown. To correct. reheat the connection and, if necessary, apply a small amount of additional solder to obtain a good connection.
Solder does not flow onto the lead. A hard rosin bead surrounds and insulates the connection. Poor solder connection
Example 2
Solder Foil Soldering Iron
3.
A solder bridge occurs when solder runs between circuit paths and creates a short circuit. This is usually caused by using too much solder. To correct this, simply drag your soldering iron across the solder bridge as shown.
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Figure D
Mount the transistor with the flat side in the same direction as shown on the PC board. Solder and cut off the excess leads.
Flat
Figure A
Electrolytic capacitors have polarity. Be sure to mount them with the negative (--) lead (marked on side) in the correct hole.
Figure B
Use a discarded resistor lead to form a jumper wire.
Figure E
Strip 1/8 of insulation off of both ends of the 4 inch wires. Solder a wire to each lug of the speaker and then insert the other end of the wires into the PC board in the position shown.
Figure C
Insert the IC socket into the PC board with the notch in the direction shown on the top legend. Solder the IC socket into place. Insert the IC into the socket with the notch in the same direction as the notch on the socket.
Polarity Marking
Notch
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TROUBLESHOOTING
Contact Elenco Electronics if you have any problems. DO NOT contact your place of purchase as they will not be able to help you. 1. One of the most frequently occurring problems is poor solder connections. a) Tug slightly on all parts to make sure that they are indeed soldered. b) All solder connections should be shiny. Resolder any that are not. c) Solder should flow into a smooth puddle rather than a round ball. Resolder any connection that has formed into a ball. d) Have any solder bridges formed? A solder bridge may occur if you accidentally touch an adjacent foil by using too much solder or by dragging the soldering iron across adjacent foils. Break the bridge with your soldering iron.
REMEDY
1. Make sure you are using a fresh 9-volt battery. 2. No sound - Be sure Q1 is installed correctly, with the flat side in the same direction as shown in the pictorial diagram. 3. Be sure C1, C2, and C3 are installed correctly, noting the polarity.
SCHEMATIC DIAGRAM
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