11t21t2012

Key lssues

in Psychology
. . . . . .
thellfespan

Branches of psychology
Clinical psychology-qplaint defitre and trat.bhormal behavior Counselin8 psychology. deals with less serious beheviorel pmbtems

. . . . .

determines behavior

Nature vs. nurture - how much of which influences behavior Conscious vs. unconscious - how much of which

Developmenblpsychology-nudi$thenormalchangesinbehavlorthatoccura@ss
Co-gnitive psychology

- fo.uses

on the procss ofthlnking, orthe

proe$inB of

Socialprycholoy-describestheeft6oftheso.i.lenvironmentincludingculturqon
the beh6vior of individuals.

Observable behavior vs. internal mental processes - which is more significant measure behavior
Free willvs. determinism lndividual differences vs. universal principles consequence of unique qualities vs. how much reflect culture and society

of

. . . . '

PeEohalitypshology-qdoresrhdividualdifferencesifocusesonthe@rsistendin ovrtime and th traibthat differeniiate one pemn frcm anouier principlsof prychology in imprcvlngathleticperforhane lndustria/Otranirationat prychology- appll@tion of pshologicat principls in employeepedomance, satlsfadion and well-belng (design oftEining, humah msource
people's behavior Spons prychology-applyin8
fu

ndions, ehployee seledion, motivation)

toEnsic psychology-aEemptsto undeEbndthe criminalmlnd andto develop etrdivetreatments tor criminal behavlor Expe.imenblprychologythinking about the world
Health individuEls

srsdiesthe

prcffisof

sensinsperceivin&learningand

prylhology- exploEsthe elaUonship bfreen psydologielfadoEsnd physicl.ilmentsordisease; howtopmmotewell-being,hea[h:sekingbehevioBof

Research

Critica I th in king

Svstematic investigative process emploved to increase or revise current knowledge by discovering new facts. lt is divided into two general categories: (L) Basic research is inquirv aimed at increasing scientific knowledee, and (2) Applied research is effort aimed at using basic research for solving problems or developing new processes, products, or techniques. Read more:

. . .

Refers to an ability to evaluate, compare, analyze, critique, synthesize, and refiect on information.

Thinking out of tne box, looking for creative and practlcal solutions to problems, overcoming

conflrmation bias
The scientific method is a form of critical thinking based on careful collection of evidence, accurate description and measurement, precise definition,

controlled observation, and repeatable results

Research Methods

Scientific method
. . . . . .
Research problem/question - subject of interest; need to be operationalized/specif ied

What is science?

* . -

A systematic, organized body of knowledge about

things gained through direct observation and

experimentation. An approach to evidence Latin word "scientia" which means knowledge Objectivity - drawing conclusions based on facts Systematic observation - empirica l; verifiable through the use of senses

Scientific method

Formulate hypothesis -an educated guess, tentative explanation of an event or relationship/answer to the problem, should be tesable Data gathering/methodology - observationlexperiment Analysis of data Conclusion/theory building -formulation of a theory: a set offacts and relationships between facts that can exflain and predict related phenomena Publication of results: for dissemination of knowledge and for repiication purposes