Ernest Hemingway FBI File Part 1

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FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION

FREEDOM OF INFORMATION/PRIVACY ACTS SECTION
COVER SHEET
SUBJECT: ERNEST HEMINGWAY
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The writer desires to acquaint be1sss\e%u,'
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.Ambassador with Mr. ERNEST HEMINGWAY.
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As the Bureau is aware, HEMINGWAY has been resident in

Cuba almost continuously during the past two years, occupying his
;private finca at San Francisco de Paula about 14 miles east of
Havana.
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~1 Mr. HEMINGWAY has been on friendly terms with Consul

KENNET, EOETEH since the spring o 1941; recently he has become
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very friendly with Mr. OBEBTPQ3CICE, Second Secretary of Embassy,

and through Mr. JOYCE has met the Ambassador on several occasions.
It is the writer's observation that the initiative in developing
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these friendships has come from HEMINGWAY, but the opportunity of

association with him has been welcomed by Embassy officials.
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At several conferences with the Ambassador and officers

of the Embassy late in August l942, the topic of utilizing HEMINGHA!'
services in intelligence activities was discussed. The Ambassador
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pointed out that HEMINGWAY'$ experiences during the Spanish Civil

War, his intimate acquaintances with Spanish Republican refugees
in Cuba, as well as his long experience on this island, seemed to
place him in a position of great usefulness to the Embassy's
intelligence program. While this program is inclusive of all
intelligence agencies and the Embassy s own sources of information,
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the fact is that the Ambassador regards the Bureau representation

in the Embassy as the unit primarily concerned in this work. The
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Ambassador further pointed out that HEMINGWAY had completed some
writing which had occupied him until that time, and was now ready_w
1: and anxious to be called noon. _
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The writer pointed out at these conferenc svsusevsyFwv8" 5 ;
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formation which could be secured concerning the o eratiggsjyg the; ;

panish Falange in npa would be of material assist nce n our worh,F:
and that if HEMINGWAY was willing to devote his tim an&abilitlesL=;W,
to the gathering of such information, the results w uld be most
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.b7 the Ambassador as the.EmbassyFs coordinator of intelligence
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of relationship between Mr. HEMINGWAY and the Bureau representatives
directly.
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This question existed in the writer's mind for two
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reasons: (1) It is recalled that when the Bureau was attacked

early in 1940 as a result of the arrests in Detroit of certain
individuals charged with Neutrality Act violations for fostering
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enlistments in the Spanish Republican forces, Mr. HEMINGWAY was

"among the signers of a declaration which severely criticized the
Bureau in that.case; (2) in attendance at a Jai Alai match with
HEMINGWAY, the writer was introduced by him to a friend as a
member of the Gestapo. On that occasion, I told HEMINGWAY that
I did not appreciate the introduction, whereupon he promptly
corrected himself and said I~was one of the United States Consuls.
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Mr. JOYCE made inquiries of HEMINGWAY concerning his

attitude toward working with us, without disclosing the reasns
therefor, and reported that his attitude appeared to be entirely

favorable to the Bureau; that he was unable to remember any details ~
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of the Detroit incident of 1940, and that he regarded the Gestapo
introduction as a Jest.
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' It was decided, nevertheless, that HEMINGWAY would work

directly in contact with Mr. JOYCE and'not with the writer; this
suggestion came from Mr. JOYCE, and no advantage was seen in
making any different arrangements. It was also decided that the
expenses he would incur would be paid by the Embassy directly out
of special funds.
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Consequently, early in September 1942, ERNEST HEMINGWAY
began to engage directly in intelligence activities on behalf of
the American Embassy in Havana. These activities he manages from
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finca, with visits to Havana two or three times weekly. He is

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operating through Spanish Republicans whose identities have not
I been furnished but which we are assured are obtainable when desired.
the like, operating on a arttime basis. The cost of this

program is approximately 500 a month. Reports are submitted to
HEMINGWAY, who dictates the material to a personal secretary and
furnishes duplicate copies to Mr. JOYCE, one being for the Embassy
and the other for our use. The material thus far submitted appears
to be carefully prepared and set out, and the Ambassador has noted
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writer was advised that he now has four men operating on a full .
time basis, and l4*mre whose positions are barman, waiters, and
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At a meeting with him at his finca on September 30, 1942, the
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on several memoranda that he'likes'BEMINGHA!'S approach, and wishes
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to encourage him in the type of work that he is doing. HEMINGWAY

himself told me that he declined an offer from Hollywood to write
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a script for a March of Time" report on the "Flying Tigers" in

Burma, for which the.compensation was to be $l50,000, because he
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tive work on the south coast of Cuba..

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coast line and waters of Cuba very intimately; he has also engaged
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with specific reference to the conducting of intelligence

investigations on the island of Cuba by Mr. HEMINGWAY, the writer
wishes to state that his interest thus far has not been limited to
the Spanish Falange and Spanish activities, but that he has included
numerous German suspects. His reports are promptly furnished and he
assures Mr. JOYCE that his only desire is to be of assistance on a
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cooperative basis, without compensation to himself, and that he will
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developed between his work and that which Bureau personnel is handling
"in Havana, and HEMINGWAY told me that he wishes to be told where to
limit his.investigations whenever this is thought desirable. \9 u\
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developments in this situation. Meanwhile, if there is any infor+
mation or instructions for the guidance of the writer, I would
appreciate being advised.m
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Dear Sir:
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Attention Mr o C
Re; ~ERI\1E8'I' QEMINGWAY
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A-'~Referenceis made to my letter dated October $,
l942.in this matter. For the further information of the Bureau
regarding Mr. HEHINGWAX'S participation in intelligence
activities, under the auspizes of the Embassy, it is now
understood that one_IAYO DuBA&_is being sent from Washington
for the special purpose of assisting Mr. HEMINGWAY in this work. "
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Mr. HEMINGWAY advised the Ambassador that DURAN had

been active with him in intelligence_work on the Republican side
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of the Spanish Civil War, and recommended his abilities very
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highly;
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DURAN, he said, held some position in the Department of
State, the exact position being unknown.
He was uncertain
whether DURAN who was formerly a Spanish citizen had acquired

American citizenship.
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At the instance of Mr. HEMINGWAY, t e Ambassador

communicated with the Department or State wh ch agreed to release
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work with Mr. HEMINGWAY as he did in Spain.
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Ozfurther interest in this mggzr is a visit of
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GEL1-LORN) g to Washington
during the week commencing October 12 I 1 42. Mrs. HEMINGWAY

is to be the personal guest of Mrs. ROOSEVELT during her stay in
Washington, and the Ambassador outlined to her certain aspects
of the intelligence situation in Cuba in order that she might
convey the same, in personal conversation, to the President and
Mrs. ROOSEVELT. This has specific reference to the Embassy's
request tfor approval of. financing by the.American Government .of

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internment and investigative program brought out by the"Cuban To date, no action has resulted from Washington on
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this proposal and it is thought by the Ambassador that some results
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Mr. nest Hemingway, .well-known American writer, re ntly

has been acting .as personal informant of _1_h/nbass_ad9;' Spruill_'/: aden
~in Havana, Cuba.
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FBI Attache R. G. '1.eai5', stationed at the American Embassy in
Havana, Cuba, has recently advised that Ernest Hemingway, well-knorm American
writer, has been residing in Cuba, just outside Havana, for approximately
two years. Hemingway, it will be recalled, engaged actively on the side
_
of the Spanish Republic during the Spanish Civil War, and it is reported that
he is very well acquainted with a large number of Spanish refugees in Cuba

and elsewhere.
Hemingway, it will be recalled, oined in attacking the Burea85
early in 1940, at the time of the "general smear campaign" following the
arrests of certain individuals in Detroit charged with violation of Federal

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statutes in connection with their participation in Spanish Civil War activities.
It will be recalled that Hemingway signed a declaration, along with a number
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of other individuals, severely criticizing the Bureau in connection with the
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although we are advised that he has denied and does vigorously deny any
Communist affiliation or sympathy. Hemingway is reported to be personally
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been
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formant of Ambassador Braden for the past several months nd in this capacity
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friendly with Ambassador Braden, and he is report d to enjoy the Ambassador's

complete confidence. According t:;Aent Leddy, Bgmtyway is also on very
friendly terms with United States C sul Kennetglfg ter, presently stationed
.in Cuba, and with ?.ir. Robert P; J cs, Second _Secrej,ry_o the\_A;z1ericanl/
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' Leddy stated that Ambassador Braden has made no secret ofg this connec,tion,,_, __ _
in so far as Agent Leddy is concerned, and, further, that theAr3.hassado1i:has.. *
insmcted that all of Hemingway's reports and ny
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. Ir. Leddy has advised that the original arrangement whereby
Hr. Hemingway would act as informant of Ambassador Braden was largely

oncerned with certain political matters, particularly as to the conection or alleged connection of certain Ouban political leaders with the
"*'Spenish Falange and the involvement of Cuban officials generally in
local graft and corruption within Cuba._ Ambassador Braden, as you will
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recall, is a very inplusive individual and he apparently has had a

"bee in his bonnet" for some time concerning alleged graft and corruption
on the part of certain Cuban officials. Agent Leddy has stated that
Mr. Hemingway has apparently organized a number of informantsamong the
Spanish refugee group, whose identities are not known to Leddy, and,
according to the best of his information, their identities are not known
to anyone except Hemingway.
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Agent Leddy has advised that Hemingway's activities have

branched out and that he and his informants are now engaged in reporting
to the Embassy various types of information concerning subversive
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activities generally. Hr. Leddy stated that he has become quite concerned with respect to Hemingway's activities and that they are un- '
doubtedly going to be very embarrassing unless something is done to put
a stop "to th
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p0 ?l zconnxe tedifth the *Cban7Government, iddg
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to the Embassy by the name of Gustavo
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and is employed by the Coordinator O4 Inter-gamerican Affairs; that Duran
is a very close friend of Hemingway and is apparently consulting and
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and he was asked just what objection, if any, he has ever personally
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Leddy stated that he has not offered any objection whatsoeyer

to this proposition that the K1T6assador_has advisecfleddyiquitej frankly
and openly that Hemingway is the Ambas:-:adors informant and that all information of any kind whatsoever furnished by Hemingway will be immediately
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turned over to Leddy, which, according to Leddy, is actually being

done. Leddy suggested that the Bureau take this matter up with Ambassador Braden while he is in the United States.
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It was pointed out to Leddy that the Bureau certainly cannot
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Leddy has first made the Breau's position quite plain to the Ambassador
himself. It was pointed out to Mr. Leddy that the Ambassador would
Jundoubtedly resent any complaint or protest concerning the arrangement
from the Bureau direct, which complaint and protest could only be based
upon Leddy's recomendations and information, unless Leddy has himself
first discussed the matter with the Ambassador and pointed out the
Bureau's position, this being particularly true inasmuch as Ambassador
Braden has apparently been quite frank with Agent Leddy about the
arrangement and has insisted that all information furnished by Hemingway
be immediately furnished to Agent Leddy.
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he, Leddy, has not checked any reports from Hemingway concerning corruption
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in the Cuban Government; that he does not feel that Bureau Agents should
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become involved in any such investigations, it being entirely without our
P5" iurisdiction and a matter in which the Oubans:thamselves alone are con-.
cerned and something that, if we get involved in it, is going to mean that
all of us will be thrown out of Cuba "bag and baggage.
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Agent Leddy stated he can point out to the Ambassador the

extreme danger of having some informant like Hemingway given free rein
to stir up trouble such as that which will undoubtedly ensue if this
situation continues. Mr. Leddy stated that despite the fact the
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Ambassador likes Hemingway and apparently has confidence in him, he is

oi the opinion that he, Leddy, can handle this situation with the Am-
v_'f-,1;
bassador so that Hemingway's services as an informant will be completely discontinued. llr. Leddy stated that he can point out to the
Ambassador that Hemingway is going further than just an informant,

that he is actually branching out into an investigative organization
of his own which is not snbjectgto any control whatsoever.
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_ RECOMMENDATION
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Hr. Leddy, if you approve, will be told to advise the Bureau

promptly and in detail as to the outcome oi his negotiations with the
Ambassador concerning this matter, at which time we should, it is believed,
advise Mr. Berle for the Bureau's protection.
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Respectfully,
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- ' to Cuba, I of course recline the complete eideotrobtljltp of this eort
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ERNEST I-IEiI-iI1\!(_}\:JAY
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The writer has been advised in confidence

by an Embassy official that Hemingway's organization
was disbanded and its work terminated as of April 1,
A 1943., This action was taken by the American
Ambassador without any consultation or notice to
representatives of the Federal Bureau of Investigation.
,
A complete report on the activities of
forwardedMr. Hemingway and the organization which he operate d i s now being prepared, and will be
to the Bureau in the immediate future.
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Very truly yours, _
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The Bureau has previously

been advised
st Hemingway
in the
lli ence" organof the activities of Mr Erne
Am rican
P eration of an under cover inte
g
ization in Cuba, under the auspices of the
e
Embassy
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Dear Sir:
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Re:
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Director,
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April 21, 1945
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- * -# In-accordance with your reqaaet,9uere.ie'atteehed a
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.&ningwa7'ie new ialiavena, Guha where he has reeided for over
two yeare. Ior eonetiae he acted ae an under-cover intoraant for
American lnbaeeador Spruille Braden, and apparently enjoyedthe Anbaeeador'e complete confidence. You will recall that on December 17, 1942,
there were eet forth in a nenorendun for you. the detaile of Hemingwe,y'e
activitiee in Cuba, as well ae the detaile of hie aeeociation with the
American 1nbaeeedor_
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Mr Glevin__i_
Despite Beningwafe activitiee, no information hae been received which would definitely tie hi: with the Gonmmiet Party or which
would indicate that he ie or has been a Party nenber. Hie actione, however, have indicated that hie viewe are liberal and that he may be
inclined favorably to Gonlmniet political philoeophiee.
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aiding the Igyafiet cauee in Spain In the latter connection he spent

eometinein pain during the Spanieh revolution and reported the evcnte
tranepiring there for the North lnerican Iewepaper llliance.
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Hr. Hemingway, it will be noted, hae been connected with
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ing lrneet Hemingway, the author.
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MEMORANDUM F0
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turned over to Hr. Braden. In thie work Hemingway developed hie own con-
fidential into:-manta and wae eaid to he friendly with a number of Spanish
.- . -_ refugeee in Cuba. Hie relationship with the Ambaeeader wee quite friendly
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The Bureau has conducted no investigation of Hemingway ml 111'
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,--nu.-19 1;; ggnggened 11|.eon.nection -with other-..Bnreau investigations

and various data concerning him have been submitted voluntarily by H
number of different sources.
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be pyi s for the operation of Hemingway's Set. lmilhill

him with arms and charting courses in the Cuban area.
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discontinued Hemingway's services effective April l, 1943. At the present

time he is alleged to be performing a highlyisscret nev'LL.9P?'l"-l\ 3!
_t,};e1a1y Department. In this connection, the Navy Department 18 II!-6 9
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American Embassy in Havana, Guba has r=*17 V1194 *3 M A'b"""dr
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A. Personal History and Background
1:. Activities on mm: of Loyalist Spain
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2. American Rescue Ship Mission
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8. Spanish Refugee Belief Campaign

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3. League of American Writers
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T. 4. Mexican Trip
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14
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llr. Hemingway was born in Oak Perk, Illinois on July 21, 1898, the
. son of Clarence Bdmonds and Grace (Ball) Hemingway. He was educated in public
schools and according to the New Iork rinse of January 12, 1937, was an ambalance-driverwith the -Itelimnnrnq dm-ingtheIIr.ld*Ir. "'-Is has-devoted
Qhis subsequent endeavors .to writing and has acquired an international reputa@1101; as an author, his best known recent work being "For Ihom the Bells roll".
QR~Other works include "Three Stories and Ten Poems" 1923, Iln Our rimei 1924,
"The Torrents of Spring" 1926, Iihe Sun Also Rises! 1926, "Hen Iithout Women"
l927, "L lhrewell to Arms" 1929, "Death in the Afternoon" 1932, Ilinnsr Take
Nothing" 1933, "Green Hills of Africa" 1935, "To Have and Have Not" 1937, Tho
--- Fifth Column and the First 49' 1938.
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He has also contributed to 3cribner's, Atlantic lonthly, Iisw Republic,
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published in lssessciam is a_I.i_e_"_ m
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In 1927 Hmningwey married Pauline Pfeiffer, s fashion writer, in

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.Psris,.in'snce. .ho.chiJ.dren,htricksnd Gregory, were horn of this union
and their custody was awarded toitheir mother at the time she secured anLun- \g
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Hemingway allegedly had a passionate love affair with Hertha Gellhorn

which subsequently led
is divor-_ce franhis first wife. After the divorce
Hemingway married Marti,/llhom who is _sa'id,no ;be 5 joiirnalistlin her own
right am! e contributor-to Colliers '
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wee reportedly receiving hie nail at the hboe Dundee Hotel, Henna, Cube, earl
wee said. to be quite friendly with Manolo leper, the manager of thin hotel.
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April, 1942, owemraported. to be working tor. the Ofticeter .1bergem:y}(e.negement
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the Loyalist cause and spent some time in Spain during this period. me Pearson
and Allen column in the Sunday llirror or January 17, 1937, contained the following
remarks concerning Ernest Hemingway and the Spanish Revolution: '
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'Iashington.-American syapathisers of the Spanish Reds have been wasting

a lot or good fighting.
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"The left-wingers have been scrapping among themselves over who

.. ahou1.drnlei'he=roost"ot,a mveaent toald the-bd~oanae,<_aJasst as
:.,vio1ently as the Beds in lladrid trenches have been battling to hold of!
General Franco and his horde or lloors and Fascist aeroenaries.
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"The story of this internecine feud is an amazing tale of petty.

tactionslisa and partisan intrigue.
"Last Septmber, a group of prominent American liberals organized

a non-partisan committee to help the Spanish Goverment. Active in the
laoveaent were anch notables as Ernest Hemingway, Susanne La ?ol.lette, =
John Dos Passes and Janes Rorty. A. me was etartedyto send a fleet or
twelve ambulances wii a score oi drivers to Spain.
:i,=_-,;'.1.
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No sooner had the eoulsittee begun operating than taotionalisn

threw a monkey wrench into the plan. '
. .
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the enmittee
the Gomunists had quietly captured nineteen p1aces.. This embarrassed
e original organisers, who had positively assured Spanish Ambassador
de los Rios that the Aaeriean aid would be tree ot politics.
7 .
-1_=e
"To offset um cumin coup, the Socialist organised a big mass
nesting which they asked de los Bios to address.
"me Communists countered withe boycott or the affair. A .free-tor-all

aeeaed in the asking when cooler heads intervened and induced the rival
parties to suspend hostilities and join in the nesting.
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"Meanwhile, the albulances, which it ma we plenned_to rush to '
ip >=:.&ain~.in he-weeks, wwnmnrths ingwtting III:hrway,"
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__ .
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..
- has following information appeared in the column entitled "Lyons Den"

by Leonard Lyons, in the January 26, 1937 issue oi the New Iork Post:
- -
"The report along Broadway last night was that Ernest Hemingway already
has sailed'or Madrid, and now is on the high seas, loyalist-bound...To
those who know him, this doesn't seen so strange. But to a million others
there is wonder-as to why a nan who has tale, security and a family he
'.f;,
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pnrsuanceot what he knows
.1_;;;~~.-wtehe mnh.~.xIoi-"years he'a..been.re3ac'ting invitadzlons to go to Hollywood
..--:_:andwrite tor theaeviss-at"$h,500.aweek. But during the past two weeks
.~.--.--zhe bwotedhie tin ha:~e:te1:ri.ti.eg.anb-titl.ea, Iithont payer screen
credit, for hekino tiles!"
'
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'54,
' 57.
' 4'
Ihile in Spain, during the Spanish Revolution, Hemingway was said

to have associated with Jw Allen, oi the North American Newspaper Alliance.
It has been alleged by a number of sources that Allen was a Oousunist and he
is known to have been ailiated with alleged Communist Front organizations.
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H oxnia, has stated that Hemingway was a friend of his with when he fought
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I Hemingway apparently spent some time in a concentration camp in Spain.
A confidential informant who taught in the Spanish Civil War tor the
loyalists, and who cla.imed to have been captured and placed in a concentration
camp at San Padres, Cardenas, Spain, stated that he net Ernest Hemingway while
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in this
s
me Sam Baron, while testifying before the Dies Oonaittee on Novsnber
23, 1938, read into the record the tollowing article, which he stated had
appeared in Ialter Iinchell's celuan, dated Septqher 2, 1938, concerning Ernest
Heningwgi his article and the testimony of llr. Baron concerning Hemingway .
is as I ows: '
.,. '
Q.-.'
Ernest Hdngwsy has a piece suing out in lien about a correspondent

tor a powerful British newspaper. Because it would be libelous in England
to aention the man's name it isn't. It tells how this correspondent tried
to send out an uncensored story about Loyalist terrorism-that the soldiers
are want-only shot dead by their own fellows, etc. I-I-I Hemingway tried to
tell the newcomer that sud: termr happened last year--not anymore.
--- Nevertheless the nan insisted on sending out the fabrication by a
newspaper girl, who didn't know ths_ contents oi the sealed envelope. Had
Ashe been caught with it en her person, she would have been shot. --- The
nswspspemen there finally intercepted the envelope and destroyed it.
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>::3ndidnal,~IhQgI"adnire,':.md an ahln.atory~tel.lsr,1ho had inst gone
- ta Spain, tried to_ talk upon political aatters, whidz Ernest Hemingway
does not understand, but has Just been whitewashing Oomunist terror in
Spain in the various articles he had written in the United-States. He
has here admitted that the Colsaunists have been spreading terror in Spain
and shooting their tsllow loyalists in the backs."
.
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- ._~.-:: sight afAmsrisa'al@ing writers relnsedan appaalsn February 3, 1939 F!
~51-.;??.= ~<'yI_~-u
States for its defense. An account of thia_also.appeared.in the Peoples Iorld .

on February 7, 1939.
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})to talk at Iriter's Rally. fhis article stated..that Ernest Hemingway, distinguished
American writer, would make his first peblic. appearance sincehis recent return
frua Spain, at the public meeting of the Aaerioan writer's Oongrese tobe held
at Carnegie Hall, Friday evening, June la, that Hemingway, who had bought and
equipped-,tme.ambelaness.fer the Qanirlayalimts, sepertsdtha
a
syndicate of Aaerican newspapers. According to this article, Earl Hrowder,
_-.-I<
.~ 6&1-aleeretary ef the unannist Party, would also address this nesting on
.
the probluns of the intellectual and the people's front against Fascism. '
'
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A clipping reportedly from How fork fines of September 21, 191:-1, was
furnished by a confidential source. This clipping announced that a dinner
forum on Europe wodld be held October 9, at the Hotel Biltaaore in New fork,
under the auspices of the Anerican Oosleittee to Save Refugees, the kilo Committee
of the League ofAmerican~Iritsre, and the United Aaerican.Spanish Aid Committee
to raise funds for the transportation of anti-Fascist refugees from French
concentration canps tethe Americas. this clipping stated that Lillianellaan
and Erneetlidingwqwere co-chairman ofthedinnerferm oesmittee.
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oonceming Lillian Hellman and Ernest Iedngway: "Lillian Hellman, who together
- th Ernest Hemingwq is cs!-chairman, is.an outright Dolmunist. _-Hmaingway
V
is on the outswith the Ozniste, apparently isqseiwing as. an innoant
riond.' this source also made the allegation that the
e nentioned
rganisations. were "1005 Ge-undst
controlled
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On.Iay ah, 1939, ta. Daily Ibrker.csried an article etitled, 'Hendngway
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uIiuugo1nnshqnwwunnd1hspuMalpiciruatmyhurammin'I>Ud3ed
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Pearl Buck, Ernest rtherland Batas..a|nl.Brneat_Hningwny, for tbzaising of
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Abraba Lincoln gggade
'
its New Ierk times of lay 8, 1938 stated that Friends of the Abraham
Lincoln Brigade, 125 Iest_h5th Street, New Iork City. put out a quarterly magazine
known as "Among Friends". Hemingway was reported to be a contributor to this
. publication which was described asbeing devotedto the loyalist cause in Spain
and more particularly to the Abraham Lincolnhrigade.
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*-"" spe&"as.-!ebrsary122,*'l939 at a memoriaimseting tobeheld in honor of the

men who died fighting in the Abraham Lincoln Brigade.
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me following article appeared in the February ll, 1939 issue of the

Daily Iorker:
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Ernest Hemingway will lake his first public appearance in two
years at a memorial meeting to honor all the Americans who died righting
for democracy in Spain. he nesting will be held Iednesday, Feb. 22,

Iashingtols Birthday, at 8 P. ll. at the Manhattan Center, 3hth Street
and Eighth Avenue under the auspices of the Friends of the Abraham Lincoln
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. llnstrihute to,his,.splandid worhin hehalt,ot.sthe Jae::I.can.Ih:Lle he

-1- warin Spain,'8asingwaywJ.- he escorted to the platform by a guard of
"honor composed of I40 veterans of the Lincoln Brigade. Hemingway personally
purchased several ambulances which were assigned to the Lincoln Brigade.
2' .-
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"Onr dead are e. part ef the earth of Spain now and the earth of
Spain can never die, Hemingway explained. 'Bach winter it will seem to
die and each spring it will come alive again. Our dead will live with
it 1'orever....And as -long as all our dead live in the Spanish earth,
and they will live as long asthe earth lives, no systen of tyranny
ever will prevail.
.
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Along with Hemingway, Vincent Sheean will also deliver a euology to

the nen who
in Spain. Langdon I. Postwill preside."
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oseph mu wrote a book entitled. "lien in thegRanks" which lmrported
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In June, 1939 Heeingway's name was listed on the letterhead of the

Abraham Lincoln kigede as one of-its sponsors.-
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st twelve Anericens in Spain and which was published by the

"Iii Lincoln kigade in larch, 1939. Hemingway wrote a forward
-I
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me lav 5, 191:1 issue of the Daily Iorker, Page 2, contained an article
entitled, "Vets. Parley to Stress Fight for Peace Policy". This article reported
a speech made by one John Gates a former Lieutenant Golonel, who fought in Spain,
and credited Gates with making the following statenent concerning Ernest Hemingway:
"The war nakers today," said Gates, "are actively using enemies who formerly
worked with the novenent for the Spanish Republic.
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Sheean, and Ernest Hemingway. He referred especially to Fischer's autobiography
which slanders the Spanish Gcnnunists and the Soviet Union, and Bates referred
to speeches attacking the Oomunist Party. Bates also reportedly stated that
the Veterans of the Abraham Lincoln Brigade nnst "boldly expose the partial
war policies of the Roosevelt administration."
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entitled '8ningwayl:Is,'GslJ.s II:-herlain 'InosnIarIascist,' Dssries llasi
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'shsneful'andadded'Ithinkthereisno.doubtthatGhanberlaincanbe
called the Ho. 2 Fascist of Europe. Hitler is still Io. l, but Ghnberlain
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can easily be ranked in second place. '
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"lbs Loyalists are holding up splendidly against the combined araies

of Hitler, llussolini, and Franco, the report stated. ._'However, they are
I-.a..bIll11'1Il need.-ef_food, andsapplies, and al.l.:hIsersoies~should some to
.their assistance.' H~I-HI-I-I-ll Hehad strong praise for the aanbers of
.1 the Abraham Linoolnhattalim, and celled several of then by their first
nsnes. 'Howsver, the work of the International Brigade is done,'
Hcaingway said. The Loyalist anay is now entirely Spanish, and what a
- wonderful military nachine it is. Their courage is almost beyond belief."
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A letterhead on the stationery of the Friends of the Abrahan Lincoln
Brigade Rehabilitation runs, Inc., 109 North Dearborn Street, Room hoe, Qaicago, _
Illinois, listed the nae of Bmest Hemingway as a sponsor for this organisation. This letter was addressed to all "International Iorker's Order lodges",
and requested that the various lodges raise at least $50 eschto be used for
hospitalisation of wounded veterans who had returned to the United States.
-
Aaerican kscue Ship Iission
An article appeared in the January 16, 19741 issue of lhe Isily Iorker,
entitled 'IIingwsy Reaffirms Backim of beeue Ship", which stated "Ernest
'
auingwq, noted Alerioan author who covered the war in Spain, tonight reaffirmed
his vigorous support of the Aasrican mm Sh? llission, it was announced at
the national headquarters of the project, 200 th Avenue, by Iiss Helen R. Bryan,
executive seeretary._
'
'
.
In s cable connunication sent from Havana and addressed to Dr. Edward

K. Barsky, National Qzairsan, of the United Anerican Spanish Aid Oonittee, the
achinistratiug body for the nission, llr. idling!!! Praised the work of Dr. Barsky
in Spain, and expressed the sincere hope that a ship would be obtained as soon
as it is h\nanly.possibls-t.o do so".
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An article appeared in the July 26, 1938 issue of The Daily Worker,
official Cornunist Party organ, which listed Hemingway as one of the sponsors
101- the an-1. 11.11.: Ship for Spain. '

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Hemingway was listed in a memorandum received on August 27, 19142,

from a confidential source as being a national sponsor for the Joint Anti-Fascist
Refugee Committee. This source made the following comment concerning the committee:
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Inn Februsr72h,a 1.91:2-the America ittee to Save .Refugees.and

the United American Spanish Aid Colnsittee met in executive session and
amalgamated to form the Joint Anti-Fascist Refugee Committee, hereinafter
referred to as JAFRC. The purposes of the _JAF'RC are reported to be. the
returning to the United States of Anericen members of the Loyalist Army
of Spain who have been in prison or internment oenps in Spain or France
since the conclusion of the Spanish Civil war and to furnish a refuge
for refugees from the present government of Spain. It seems to have
broadened its aims to include the refugees of any of the countries of
Europe which have been overrun by the Nazis. The we original organizations were decidedly Ccinmistic and were controlled by Communists for
the benefit of Communists, extreme radicals, and the Abraham Lincoln
Brigade. It is believed that the present organisation is'of the same
nature. It is reported that it has approximately fifty active members."
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lledical Bureau To Aid Spanish Democracy _
_ -- 1 circular bearing thedate "of January, 193'! with the title, Medical
Bureau to Aid Spanish Democracy", and reportedly issued from 381 Fourth Avenue,
New fork City, stated that this organisation had furnished eight hospitals,
113 nurses, and fifty-two ambulances, and that the writers, artists, screen and
stage workers had been most active in securing medical aid for the Spanish
people, that during 1937, they had contributed about $10,000 to the medical
bureau. This circular naed Ernest Heningway as having purchased two ambulances. Hemingway was also credited with the purchase of these two ambulances in a New
York Times article on January 12, 1937. This article named Saul Carson, the
Executive Director of the Medical Bureau as its source of information. In a
telegram to the Medical Bureau office in New Yoxt City, Hemingway had reportedly
signified his intention of going to Spain soon.
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a 1..._.Ini~kcembarl91|l, itwas alleged thateaingwqhadhssnasponsor f

of *&e.k:-gsnsy mafsrunrto save Spanish Ibfugees,'whi:h at the time of the
receipt of this information, was no longer in existence.
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the Hedical Bureau which the ad itself described as being affiliated with the
North American Committee to aid Spanish Democracy. Hemingway was listed as
one of the sponsors who had already helped them.
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hotion Picture Artiste Comm_ittee
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me drive was reportedly sponsored by the lotion Picture Artists Oomnrittee.

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H. L. Ghaillaxm, Director of the National Anericanism Commission of

the Anerican Legion, while testiiying hetore the Dies Oonnittee on August 17,
.
1938, read into the record an article which appeared in the April 16, 1938 issue
of the Daily Worker concerning the North American Committee to Aid Spanish Democracy.
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"I-ollowing an appeal by Ernest Hemingway, Vincent Sheehan, and Louie

Fischer for funds tor ambulance to nest energency conditions in Spain,
$1,002 was received by the Iashington chapter of the lledical Bureau and
North American Gomittee to Aid Spanish numeracy. 381 Fourth Avenue,

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Dr. Herman F. Rsiasig, executive secretary announced yesterday.
"The telegran tron Joel Berrell, of the Iashington lriends of Spanish

Democracy, -reads: In response to recent cable tree Hlaingeay, Sheehand,
and Fischer for alhulenoes, we are wiring herewith $1,002. Is understand
ambulances will he at the front within 3 days of receipt of the noney in
Paris. If tine permits, the ambulance should he narked: Gift of the
Federal employees of Isshington, D. 0., U. 8. L. Advise by wire today
that this money has been cabled abroad."
.
Qenish 2 Relief Cgpgg
Ernest Hemingway was listed as a sponsor on a letterhead of the Spanish

Refugee Relief Calpaign dated April 19, 1939.
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A circular was reportedly issued by the UnitedvSpanish

Aid Oomittee I
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Room 5511, Bredburg Building, 30!: South Broadway, Loe Ange1es,'Oalifornia, having
no date but bearing an address of Bnon.810-200 Fifth Avenue, New York City.
This circular declared that the object of the above nentioned organization was
to "help free nsn of the International Brigade in French and Spanish prison
":2.-;
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whom wereallegedly in French concentration oaaps..f.1is circular listed Ernest
Hemingway as one _ot the endorsers of the campaign to aid International Volunteers.
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A report was received from a confidential infonaant who had covered

a nesting of the United Youth Committee to Aid Spanish Democracy, held at the
Shrine Auditorium :Ln Los Angeles, California on February 2h, 1937. According
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The Daily Iorker of January 12, 1938 described Hemingway as one of

the sponsors of the Iriters and Artists Ambulance Corps which was said to have
sent mehulences to Spain. Hemingway was credited with having personally purchased
the first taro ambulances which were sent to that country in lay, 1937.
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ihe following infonaation was secured from a confidential source:
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"Ernest Hemingway, New York specialty writer for New llasses and Daily
Worker, page 1, Daily Worker, 9-13-35; wires greeting to Soviet Union,
page 2, Daily Worker, S-2-38."
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A former letterhead of the Deutsches Volksecho, which bore the date

of February l6, 1939, carried the name of Eh-nest Hemingway as one of the
contributors to this group.
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In the fall.of.1-9110 Hemingway's name wasincluded in a group of names

of individuals who were said to be engaged in Gomunist activities. ihese
individuals were reported to occupy positions on.the intellectual front" and
were said to render valuable service as propagandists. According to the informant,
those whose names were included on this list loaned their efforts politically
'
-" res writers ,' artiste and speakers and traveled throughout the country supporting
and taking part in Oullunist front meetings and in the program of the Party
generally. may were alleged to be particularly active in the then par-ount
Oomnunist Party objective, namely, defeat of the preparedness program.
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V Hemingway, according to a confidential source who furnished information
on October la, 19111, was one of the "heads" of the Conittee for Iedical Aid
to the Soviet Union. This informant alleged that the above-mentioned committee
was backed by the Ooanunist Party.
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Dr. Alfred Kantorowics listed Hemingwq as e reference at the time

he filled out his alien registration form. Kantorowicz is a German alien and
has been reported to be one of the chief liaison men between the German Communists
in Mexico and the German Ooanunists in the United States. He was also allegedly
the founder of the League of German Iriters in Exile in Paris, France.
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This group was purportedly organized to foster'bstter relations between

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A confidential infomant reported on September 23, 19141, that Ernest

Hemingway had broken all ties with the Cosmuniste.
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In January, 1940, Hemingway addressed letters over his personal

signature endorsing the work or the American Comittee tor the Protection
or Foreign-Born and soliciting the assistance or various persona. He requested that any contributions in the form of checks be made payable to him.
A confidential source mrnished a memorandum dated October 18, 1941,

concerning the American Committee for the Protection of Foreign-Born. lhia
._ memorandum atateathat on lla.rch2 ani;3,.el940, -* the above-mentioned organisation
.. T,
. -. held its Fourth Annual Coniermce in Iashington, D. C. and disseminated e
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1 :- circular soliciting sponsors. According to this memorandum, the circular
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contained a printed picture of the head and lert am of the Statue of Liberty,
:1
and opposed "registration and ngerprinting or non-citizens", whidz was re-Q--ij_;
garded as a discrimination against the foreign-born. This circular was signed
jointly by Ernest Hemingway and Dr. William Allen Neilson, as co-chairmen

"
for the Committee of Sponsors.
.
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1 list or the sponsors of the American Committee for the Protection
of Foreign-Born, 79 - 5th Avenue, New Iork City, which was dated August 1940,
contained the name ct nest Buinpay.
According to a contidential source, Hningway and one Dr. Iilliaa

A. Neilson, who were co-chaimen of the Committee of Sponsors for the Fourth
Annual Conference of this organisation, wrote to the Editor or the lPeople's
g _n V . Uorld, an alleged Communist newspaper at San Francisco, seeking financial
- -1*.-*,.=i'=-'
-~' -support tor the committee in its drive against anti-elim bills then pending
in Congress.
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The II-ily Iorker of January 2, 1941, stated that Carey Iilliams,

the California commissioner of Immigration and Housing; Professor lter
B8-utenstrauch, Dean of the School of Mechanical Blgineering at Columbia University, and Dr. lax Iergan, President or the National Negro Congress, had
accepted invitations to serve as co-chairmen of the 150 sponsors tor the
Fifth National Conference of the American Committee for the Protection of
Fbreign-Born to be held in Atlantic City on larch 29 and 30, 1941. Hemingway
was named as one of the sponsors or the Congess.
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A circular advertising an "American Iritere Congress" to be held

at Carnegie Hall, New York City, on June 4, 1937, stated that Ernest Hemingway
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Congress of hnerican Iritere on June 1., 1937, at Carnegie Hall. Other speakers
at this meeting, over which Archibald llaclnish presided, were Senator Gerald
P. Rye, hrl Browder, Donald Ogden Stuart and Representative John P. Barnard.
A condential source cementing on this article stated that Hemingway was _
close to the Communist Party, but that he had no knowledge of Hemingway's
actual membership in the Party.
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in article appeared in the New Iork World telegraph ct June 5, 1941,

entitled ._'!'itar'a Congwss HeJ.d-Conunu.nist Cultural ironts. Jhia article
ll" was written by Frederick Ioltnan, a start writer of the newspaper, am stated,
--'.-."lhe roorth-znmeriun Writers compass opening tomorrow at the commodore Hotel
is part of a Communist cultural front which, since its origin six years ago,
consistently has followed the political deviations of the Soviet Union and
the Comnmnist Party, a survey by the World Telegraph showed today."
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This article goes on to state that the Iriters Congress had been
supported by many prominent individuals who resigned iron this crpnisation
when the Communist Party "scrapped collective security and went in tor
isolationian following the Hitler Stalin Pact." Listed among the persons
who were no longer connected with the Iritere Congress due to its alleged
following or the Communist Party Line, was the name of Ernest Hmingway.
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A circular purportedly published by the Rational Board of the

league or American Iriters, Inc., carried the name or Ernest Hemingway as
President or this Natioml Board. this circular solicited financial aid for
those individuals who had fought with the Loyalists in the Spanish Revolution,
and stated that the attaapt was being mde to bring than to Mexico. It contained the following statement concerning the alleged need for these persons
to he ranoved tron a French concentration comp.
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in cooperation with a committee or leading publishers. Passage to
llezioo has been bought for these fortumte exiles. But at least 75
others are awaiting our help. It now costs $600.00 per person to get
than safely out of France to Hence. Idle they wait in Lisbon for
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On one occasion Ilmingny wrote an article against war Ihidx

appeared in Esquire llagatine. This article was later incorporated in a
' -ts "pamphlet prepared by the American Youth Congress and one individual at least
was arrested tor distributing these on liovmber ll, 1935, in Seattle,
Ia
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According to the April, 1939, amecm or min for Dmocracy,
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On an unspecified date Heminpay tried to contact French Ambassador

Gaston Henri-Kaye. the reason tor his desire to contact the Ambassador is not
knomn. Hrs. Hemingway also tried to contact the French Ambassador on December
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rrso s1'A1'es or AMERICA

HAIANA. CU IA
June 1
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.OFF|C-OF THJ..EGAL ATTACI-{L H
1943
l\
Director
gederal Bureau of Investigation
ashington, D. C.
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Re: ERNEST mcnxncwnx
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The Habana Communist daily newspaperdicy" on April 25,
1943, carried an extensive attack against ERNEST HEMING1-JAY, displayed under a four-column heavy title-line: "THE LAST POSITION OF THE TRAITOR HEMINGWAY".
_ .
.
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T
Raul/Qnzalez, Tunon, labeled
This article, written by

I-IEMINGWAI's "For Whom the Bell Tolls" a book "so miserable so
slanderous, that it met with excellent reception among the",
Fascists, -the Trotskyists and the Muniohists.
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. _,k-fig.
;, It condemned Hemingway as one of the "war tourists"

. who went ..to Spain, Fnot to seek the popular and eternal Spain
but to seek curious 'e1I',eminate' queer characters". On his
failure to find such characters in the Loyalist zone, the article
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says, he made friends with the most "delirius" adventurers inriltrated in the ONT (Conrederacion Nacional de Trabajo) and with _
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the individualists of the Trotskyi atoup

~ '1 or the Pom:" (P8"us Q.
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Obrero Unificado Marxists).
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as a means of preserving peace. That is, he wants to m - Q

a racial war against Germany. He shakes hands with Goebbels,
trying to prevent the disaster of the German people, says
the skin 0 1 every G erman is at stake in this war. This
~
of Hemingway's is a7'I'~otsl-cyist idea at h service of Nazi .". 3
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1;
;_'_~- 1:he.champicn-or. the "race ._theory;in*:.reverse.

the United States a campaign for the steriliz or a
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hash of others of his, this time directed against the Communist

party and against the Spanish people. Here is the portrait of
the revolutionary tourist. His destiny will be the destiny of
all traitors, of all provocateurs who maneuver openly or in
the people, against
cover against the Communist party
history. And against good li
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..Re: mnnssr HEMINGWAY -

INTELLIGENCE ACTIVITIES IN cum
9? $1"
pass? /'
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As of interest to the Bureau, the followi g matters
affecting general intelligence activities are set forth.
.;_;'f;
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hie;n
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it/T
l) Communist Attack on \._Ernest HemingwayQ!/t-a-I-on-_e__
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SIS #560 has submitted gmemorandum concerning the

.
attack in the Communist newspa
\ gy" of April 25, 1943,
against Ernest Hemingway. The article is entitled, "The Last 10-" N10_4 Se
ti
I o_ .tion,o the '1 aitor Hemingway," and is written by 11%].
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The article attacks Hemingway on several grounds.
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-' =-First,-it condemns him as being one of the "war tourists" who ~~
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went to Spain, not to seeksthe popular and eternal Spain, but
rs
to seek curious, "effeminate", queer characters. Not finding
such characters in the Loyalist zone, they made friends with
the most "delirious" adventurers infiltrated in the CNT and
with the individualists of the Trotskyist group of the POUM. I .
On Hemingway's return to America, he published a book that was
_i"'}=I
"so miserable, so slanderous", that it met with excellent recep
e
tion among the Fascists, the Trotskyists and the Munichists.
)5
This was For Whom the Bell Tolls." "The attacks on Andre a;='_
_3 '.1arty...constitute a repetition of known 3.5_n<j.ers whose origin
-'75
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be sought
DrTCt1B'bbels _ _
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. in the propaganda office 1-of
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race theory, in reverse. He advocates i thelwni
campaign for the sterilization of all Ge2&ns as
serving peace. That is, he wants to make his a
, against Germany. He shakes hands with Goebbels,
prevent the disaster of the German people, says t
of every German is at stake in this war." This i
a Trotskyist idea at tlae service of Nazism.
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' >.I The article closes stating - "Here is th literate

Hemingway, author of a slanerous book which is"avrehashing of
others of his, this time directed against the Communist Party

and against the Spanish people. Here is the portrait of the
revolutionary tourist. His destiny will be the destiny of all
traitors, of all provocateurs who maneuver openly or in cover
against the Communist Party, against the people, against history.
And against good literature."
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The original-of the above article is retained in the

files.of.thia office since the aboveesets forth a complete and
adequate summary.
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2) Intelligence Activities of Mr. Hemingway
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Mrs. Ernesizgsmingway, the former M the Gellhorn, a
w r it er fo
, ecently "
solicited from
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Second Secretary of Embassy, information concerning conditions on
the island of Martinique, with special reference to American-French
relations in regard to the "blocade" of Martinique. She sought
this information in order to complete a book setting forth results
of a cruise in Caribbean waters whichsshe took in the fall of 1942.
Mr. Joyce obtained the information from Mr. James Bonbright, who
is handling the French
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Although thejmingnayilandlintelligence_erganization
was shut down by the Ambassador on April l, 1945, this office
j
continues from time to time to receive copies of
oranda sub' mitted t,0 M.-Hemingway ' e assistant, yg, Gu%!g&gggn,~jho is . .
now employed et_the.American Embassy as~a mem er of the Auxiliary
Foreign Service. These memoranda are few in number and relate to
cases which were previously under investigation. Mr. Duran has
stated that they are submitted to him by the former operatives of
the Hemingway organization on a vo1unteer;basis.; It is nevertheless known to the writer that Hemingway personally had 122 gallons
of gasoline charged to him from the Embassy's private gasoline"
allotment, for the month of April 1946. When the Hemingway organization was functioning, arrangements were made that gasoline
necessary for transportation in connection with the intelligence
work would be allotted from the Embassy's private stock, which is
ap rt.from and not subject to Cuban rationing restrictions.
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On the other hand, Mr. Hemingway entertained Secretary

of the Treasury Henry Morgenthau at his finca during the visit
of this official to Habana in March of this year. Since that
time, correspondence has passed from the Secretary of the
Treasury to Mr. Hemingway through the State Department diplomatic
pouch.
;?*
Very truly yours,
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Ir. R. G. Leddy, Legal Attache at Havana, Ouba, submits
infornatipn pcgncernving gig; intelligence activities ofglrncst Heanisgway

efhis rclatis with ths"T5I.*''
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lrnest Hemingway has resided alnost continuously in 0uba

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Hemingway knows Guba well and has lived on the island for
various periods during the past 12 years. He is well known as a sportsnan, engaging in deep sea fishing from his own fishing boat and naintaining
a pigeon shooting range on his own property. He is a well known figure at
In Havana he frequents the Iloridits and Basque Bar, two fanous spots where
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During the current period of hiq3;'9!;48noe~in-Ozer

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of an "in" with American authorities at a time when he was only interested
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cultivate the friendship of an American Qonsul on a" perqpytl 'QQI1I1Q9_,ore .
this date. An lnbassy employee and friend of this ;0otnsu.l: rsnarked|,t_o__ the
in completing his book. In A
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American Ambassador, Hr. Bpruil

:"_._enga;e. in intelligence wo&. ..
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Braden, and volunteered his servic to '

Aabsssadnr inquired of
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Heningway would be useful. to investigate snwspanaenraiaege with the ,
aid of Spanish Republican refugees lmown to him.
The Ambassador said
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his long-time acquaintance with Spain and the Spanish people as giving
BUY him unique qualifications to investigate the Spanish Ialange in Guba
M1,; 3:153 which the Ambassador regarded as an imminent danger.
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Ihe Aaerican Ambassador, nevertheless, decided to engage Hemingway's

services under his own pereonal direction without any direct contact with the
Legal Attache. Arrangements were made whereby copies of Hemingway's reports
would be furnished to the Legal Attache in order that the latter night be
advised of developments in investigations conducted into the Spanish
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' "She Ambassador's inquiry-was taken up by Ir. Joyce, Second

Secretary oi the lmbassy, with the Legal Attache and Kr. Joyce was advised that there was some question as to the attitnde of Ir. Reniagway
to the 1'31, with which organisation he had presunbly been requested to
work. i'hie question existed, Ir. Joyce was advised, because of Heaingwey's
action as a principal signer of the denonnciation of the FBI in the
Detroit Oomnnnist-Spanish enlisteent case in 1940 and also because of
Hemingway's remark on meeting the Legal Attache some weeks previously at
which time he referred to the 1'31 as the American Gestapo. Hr. Joyce
volunteered to sound out Hsmingwayon his attitude toward the BI, as
casually as possible, and returned with the advice that Hemingway had
paid no particular attention to the petition he signed in 1940 denouncing
the I31 and could now hardly renember what it said; Hemingway told Mr.
Noyce that people are always shoving petitions under his nose and like
many famous people he is inclined to sign then on the reqneet of a friend
without full intonation as to their contents. Hemingway also dismissed
the reference to the HI as the American Gestapo as a mere Jest.
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' The organisat ion which Hemingway gathered for this work was com-
pooed exclusively of Bpanieh Republican refugees in Cuba. Their identity ' \

was not discloeed in Hemingway's reports but they were designated by a
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Ehey pew from an original force of four full-time operatives,
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of 26 inlornnte composed of six full-tix operatives and 20 undercover
informants. The organisation was located not only in Havana but also at
Hatansas, Oamaguey and Santiago de Ouba, all down the island. Ehe empenses of the organisation were paid from the special funds of the
American Imbassy at the direction of the Ambassador and came to total
nearly a thousand dollars a month. It is not known whether the
identity ovHemingway's intormants was ever disclosed to the American
Ambassador but it is the belie! of the Legal Attache that theirpidentity
_was known onlyto Hemingway.
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possible discretion, having sub-chiefs who contacted the actual investigators and in turn reported to him, thereby separating him tron an
direct contact with the investigative work. Io Prevent any police
action, however, the Ambassador personally requested of General Benites
a letter stating that Hemingway was known to the Ambassador and was a
person of his confidence. General Benites responded with a letter for
Hemingway stating that Hemingway was mcwn to him, General Benites, and
should receive every consideration. !'hie is not an exact statement since
the only contact between General Benites and Hemingway has been through
the letter from the American Ambassador making the above request.
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In August, 1942, Hemingway suggested to the Ambassador that

a Spaniard employed by the American Government in Washington,
Guba to operate his organisation during a 30-day absence of
Hemingway on a government mission for-the Havel Attache along the coast

_ .o..Guba. Hemingway stated that he new Duran well during the Spanish Civil '
"wiar at-whichtimeboranwasacorpscosmandsrinthe penish Republican
Army and successfully defended the Valencia Iront against the Iranco
forces until further resistance was made impossible because oi the
collapse of other fronts. Hemingway described Duran as a military and
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intelligence genius of the type like Hapcleon that cones along once in a
hundred years. He said that Duran, who had married an American girl n
lngland aiter the Spanish war, spoke Trench, German, lnglish and some
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Hnssian; that he was pure Republican, not a Oommunist, and would get
_te the bottom of the Talamge in short order. Hemingway said that Duran
was wasting his time as an employee of the Division of Cultural Relations
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Hemingway's intelligence organisation at least for this limited period.
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It was learned by the Legal Attache that Duran was actually an employee of
the Ooordinator of Inter-American Affairs, for which reason it was pointed
out by the Legal Attache to the Ambassador that Du:-en's assignment in
~ 'connection with intelligence work in Ouba might rsise',1urisdicticnal questions
in Iaehingtcn. !'he Ambassador took the position that Duran would be working
directly under the lmbassy and in
event his assignment was only
temporary for a period of 30 days.$) \\
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a.1-rived in Ouba early in Iovember, 1942, and began

working
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His work has not been of the same sensational
character as Hemingwsqi, as noted below, but has not been in any way
different or distinct from the type of reports which Hemingway Ind submitted.
Ihese reports as mentioned above are of the typo received by Dureau Iield
Divisions from voluntary complainants, being unspecific and unverified
and showing no continuing investigation to establish a lineenf conduct or \
:suspicious activities by the subject.
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!'ho only innovation introduced by,_:_:Dnran-Was an attempted
partial coverage of public opinion in Oubs in relation to the war and the
United States submitted in reports entitled '!l'ho Voice of the Street.
fhese reports contain quotations from persons in cafes, bars and pool rooms
and claim to set out the opinion of the people regarding developments in
the war. They are, however, limited to the type of individual met in
such places and, in the opinion of the Legal Attache, do not represent a
fair cross section of general public opinion. Likewise, in the extent of
their coverage, these reports have not given the opinionsof sufficient
persons to warrant the conclusion that they reflect the thoughts of even
of Guhandndiiiduale.
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!'he American Ambassador, however, has been highly impressed with

this type of fnfomatien and on his return from a trip to Washington in
December, 1942, remarked that the reports were very well thought of in
the Department of State.
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Although Hemingway's services were engaged to investigate the

Spanish Talange in Ouba, he soon branched out to cover the entire field
of intelligence.
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of oxygen-wpowered submarine usedby the Germans, Hemingway instituted an

investigation of the__smpply and dietribution_l,,_cf,3_gon
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Duh." I idiatpty advised t&"at lastriththis heal; we

lave cone to the point after nonths of work where we are about to crack
the subnarins refuslling problem. Shortly afterwards, his investigation
was referred to the Legal Attache -by the labassy and a check was mde on
the supply and distribution-of oqgsn and oxygen tanks throughout Ouba
with the result tint the available supplies were well-accounted for.
Ehe Havel Attache also participatedya this investigation. Iothing
further was heard fron Hsningwsy ab ut the subject.
-~15
Hemingway's investigations bepn to shell a narksd hostility

to the Qubca ?olice and in i lesser degree to the 1'81.
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about a week before the visit of President Batista to Iashington,
Heningway sent in a report, presumably prepared by hin, alleging preparations by General Benitss to seize power in Cuba and nske hinsslf President
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during 3atista's absence from the country. ms report stated can
Henites had no such ideas until his own trip to Iashington which had been
so successful. Ihs report alleged that lenites was training a large
lquadrsn of lotor cycle police officers with patrol cars and tint the
police force was being trained daily with rifles as a nilitary unit.
Ihe report said that it was 3snites's plan to take Guba while Batista and
the Lasrican hbessador, the two strongest individuals in Guba, were absent
and that an investigation should be conasnced at ones to uncover the
preparations of Henitsl in securing fire srns and steel protection shields
for the actor cycle and squad cars.
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El-he Legal Attache pointed out that no such preparations as Hsningway
alleged were observed by 1'31 Agents working in daily contact at Police
headquarters and that the training of the Guban Felice force with rifles
is a practice which has gone on for years inasnuch as the Cuban Iational
Police is an integral part of the Ouban Amy. Ibo danger of alienating
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In the case of Prince Oenilo Huspoli, Italian fascist leader
interned by the Cuban authorities but confined to a clinic because of

illness, lsaingnay reported that Hnspoli had paid off the Qnhan Ohisf of
?eliee,-.-General lenitss, and was not really ill, and inferred that the
actual state of health of Huspoli. He promised to do so through an undercover operative employed as a male nurse at the particular clinic where
Huspolii was confined. Nothing further was heard from Hemingway about
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Huspoli at the clinic without anypinvestigation. Ihrough Kr. Joyce,
Hemingway was requested by the Legal Attache to secure details as to the
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had attended a public luncheon in honor of the new Spanish Charge
d'Affaires, Pelayo Garcia Olav, at the Hotel Iacional. This report
greatly disturbed the Aabassader; there was an immediate check at the
Hotel Hacional by ths'Legal Attache and no substantiation of the public
luncheon or the presence of Huspoli could be found either from the
hotel management and employees or from two of the guests alleged to have
been present. The Ambassador was so advised and later Hemingway wrote
a memorandum asking that'his source, a waiter at the hotel, not be
,?grillsd" by.the 1'31 as this would destroy his usefulness; .he also asked
to see our proofs regarding the absence of Prince Bus-poli from this
public luncheon.
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Hemingway reported sighting a contact between a submarine
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and the Spanish steamer 55 llarques do Comillas at high noon on December 9,

1942, off the Cuban coast.
Hemingway was
members,
cooperation, of forty crew members andsoise fifty

passengers of the vessel, most of the latter known anti.-fascists repatriated froa Spain. Ions of the persons interviewed would admit
sighting a subaarine as Hemingway had from his 36-foot launch. the
- negative results of this inquiry were reported. !l'hereupon Hemingway sub--.. uitteia iorandni stating that it would be a tragedy if the subsnrins
- were carrying saboteurs possibly let off the steamship at this point on
a mission to the United Htates and that the Legal Attache discounted
Hemingway's report because it had not cone from an TB! Agent, thereby
permitting the saboteurs to lendin the United ltates without advance
notice.
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I. In January, 1943, Hr, Joyce of the lnbassy asked the assistance
of the Legnlittache in ascertaining the contents of a tightly wrapped
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box left by a suspect at the Bar Basque under conditions suggesting
that the box contained espionage information. !'he box had been recovered
from the Bar Basque by an operative of Hemingway. The Legal Attache made
_ private arrangements for opening the box and returned the contents to
1-:~
Ir. Joyce. Z!'hs:ho:.containsd .emly.a cheq edition of
the Life of St. '1'eresa." Hemingway was present and appeared irritated
that nothing more was produced and later told an Assistant Legal attache
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that he was sure that we had withdrawn the vital material and had shown
him something worthless. When this statement was challenged by the

Assistant Legal Attache, Hemingway Jocularly said he was only joking but
that he thought something was funny about the whole business of the bdr-
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' DIingweyeill-diegnieedhoetility to the III-becaee more

evident in Iebrnary, 1943 when the Aabaeeador received charges that
Special Agent Ineblaah. Just aesigned to the Iabaesy ae Assistant Legal
Attache, wae a participant of the Franco movement in lpein and had
acted as a paid Ilranco propagandiet. The Aabaseador declined to disclose the source ot thoee chargee when they were pronptly challenged
and proof demanded by t e Legal Attache. Ihe latter learned, however,
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positively that the c gee were given to the Ambassador by lrneet
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Hemingway -- =e aecsrt ed from a highly reliable and

confidential
hbassy. !l'ho chargee centered about a
. Jock written by Spec
Agent Inobla
"-Fcorrespendent in Spain upon
hie return tron aeeignaent ae Associat d Press correspondent in Madrid
in 1938. Hemingway knew Special Agent Knohlaugh at that time and was _
most friendly with him. He had net hie in Havana immediately after .
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In personal relations Bemingwey hae aaintained a enrface show

of friendship and interest with repreeentatives of the 1'31. Ihrough
statements he has made to reliable contacts of
Attache, however,
it is known that Hemingway and hie assistant Gnetavo
ve a low
eeteea for the work of the 1'31 which they co im,/
nniaaginative and performed by persons of comparative youth without
experience in foreign countries and knowledge of international intrigue
and politice. Both Hemingway and Duran, it is also known, have personal
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hostility to the 1'31 on an idealogicel basis, especially Hemingwq, as
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he considers the 1'31 anti-Liberal, pro-Jasciet and dangerous ae developing into an American Gestapo.
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Although oeteneihly friendly,
Hemingway made no remark to Special Agent Iaoblangh concerning his book

or to the Legal Attache but" took hie complaint directly to the Ambaeeader.
!he latter admitted that he had read only the first forty pages of the
book and after originally requesting the Legal Attache to have llrt '
Inoblangh transferred to some other position where the Spanish Talenge
as not the acute prohlea which the Aabaeeador believed it to be in Onba,
he Ambassador dieaieeed the enhject as not as important as he had
riginally thought.
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Although Hemingway's opinions coincide with thoee or sone '

Oaannniste in this regard, he haerepeatedlysaeeerted that he is antiQxnniet andthat he was ae much-oppoeed tothe Oommnniet influence in
the Spanish war as he wae to the Fascist.
Ae of April 1, 1943, Bewe> , Hemingway's activities as
nndercover informnt for the American baesador were terminat d.
resulted tron general dissatisfaction over the reports eubE,i{:d,
strong poeition against these eervic e taken by Mr. Albert ufer,
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Counsellor of the lnbaesy and a hi

y respected State Dep tnent official
An additional factor if notivati_ ' the An'baesador.'s actionyae the ___ _
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operated
V" ' by Hemingwq at a time when the hbaseador was discouraging and restricting
the employment of paid informants by the official attaches of the hbassy.
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While the investigation of s
es>-.~~
fat?
informed at the Department of State that these reports are received with
great interest and for this reason he is desirous of continuing to snbnit

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then to Iaehington.
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A force of two or three Spanish agents will continue
to gather this material for Mr-. Duran with expenses estimated at no more
than $200.00 per month. Kr. Duran is now employed at the American Imbassy
at Havana on a permanent basie- as a member of the Auxiliary Ioreigi
Service. His time is devoted to analysing political comments and articles
in the Onban press and assisting the Ambassador in the preparation of _
speeches to be delivered
in Spanish.
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!'he Lepl Attache has mentioned to the American Ambassador that

I'll representatives are prepared to gather and submit reports on pnblio
opinion. The Ambassador has shown no desire to take advantage of the
investiptive service of the 1'31 in this field. The Legal Attache at
Havana states that the Ambassador has always regarded the Hemingway
.-. .-: orpnisatiem as m-pet project of his ownand in continning a minor phase
of its work the Ambassador has-given the Legal Attache the impression
that he is amwilling, not merely for Hemingway's sake but his own, to
order a complete dissolution of Heninsvey's organisation. Hemingway, '
'
however, is not directly operating "i'he Voice
_S_treet" investigations
but has turned them over entirely
~llr,"'Gn's'tavo
"246
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sets as snch is discontinued,
the Ambassador has nqmst to continne to turn in

\ reports on public opinion in ba as prerions y nnderteken by him in
' The Voice of the Street. !'he Ambassador made this request of Xr.
Duran becanse he feels that these reports give him an inside picture"
_ '-of what people are thinking in Onba which he did not get in any other way:
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made this clear in regard to the film production

of his book 1'orIhom the hell fella. He sold the movie rights to the
book more t
two years ago; the picture was filmed and has gone through
several editing processes and according to Hemingway's latest information,
a final revision of the picture and reshooting of many scenes has resulted in the removal of all of what he considers the vital parts of the
story relating to the Spanish Oivil Var and reduced it to what he terms
a mere Grauetark romance. Hemingway has vigorously asserted that he
will soon go to Hollywood to find out who is responsible for this treatment of his book and when he finds out he will make an incident of it
which will cause the persons responsible to regret having ever interfered with the story itself. Hemingway believes that inflnences which
he terms "Fascist" namely the Vatican and some elements in the United
States Department of State have been most influential in taking the tooth
out of his story.
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Hegarding Hemingway's position in Ouba, the Legal Attache

advises that his prestige and following are very great. He enJoys the
complete personal confidence of the American Ambassador and the Legal
Attache has witnessed conferences where the Ambassador observed Hemingway's
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<.lopinians.ae-gespel..amd.foJ.lewed .athmai.astical.1y_Hamingway.'s warning of
:- -1"-t!m'prebable::eeisns-e of 0uba~by a>*foroe=oI@,IDO his transported A

to the is d in 1,000 submarines, A clique of celebrity-nindod hero
worshippe surround Hemingway wher ver he goes, numbering such persons
as Iinston
st, Lieutenant 1'0
\ hevlin (wealthy son of a famous Yale
football p er), Hrs. Kathleen Ya.nEerbilt&oetegui and several Embassy
officials, lo them, Hemingway i
remembered with Tolstoy.
a-Iman of
nine whose fame will be

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. Hemingway is gatheringmaterial for a book at the present time.

Although his intelligence activities have ended, he is H .a special confidentiel aesigznent for the Havel Attache chasing submarines along the
Onbancoast and keeping a careful observance on the movements of
~ Spanish steamers which occasionally come to Guba. Ihis naval patrol work
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is fundamentally hostile to the 1'31 and night readily endeavor at any time
to cause trouble for us. because of his peculiar nature, it is the belief
of the Legal Attache that Hemingway would go to great lengths to embarrass
the Bureau if an incident should arise. In view of his prestige as a
literary man, accepted by large sections of public opinion in matters
not related to writing, it is the recommendation of the Legal Attache at
Havana that great discretion be exercised in avoiding an incident with
lrnest Hemingway.
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Addendum: 6-21-43--I do not concur "with the conclusion

(7/
reached in this memorandum. The Bureau has by careful
and impartial investigation from time to jime disproved p actically all of
;.the--so-callcdcningiscp information- .1 donit cmrcaohot Fa
contacts are or.
what his background is --"I"ece no reason why mcehou1d~em e-any effort to
avoid exposing him for the phoncy that he is. I don't think we should go
out of our way to do this but most certainly if in the protection of the
Bureau's interest it is necessary to meet him head-on, I don't think we
should try to avoid such an issue. I om also in strong disagreement with the
statement contained in the last paragraph on page 8 of this memorandum.
Since our investigation has disproved all of Hemingway's alleged facts, I see
no reason why, if and when we are asked by persons entitled to a frank answer,
that we should fail to so state.
I think it is preposterous to take the
position that we should not speck d,,isporagirigl;';_of hi

might be of someA_u_aJ_.u__eg in th_e,pfuture"." .5uch__a premi
b\!'H'FI'!FBi n ML
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Legal Attache that the I181 had better get along with him because he
carried a lot of weight in Washington. fhe principal political influence
of Heminsvav known to the Legal Attache is that Hemingway's wife, the
former Martin Gelhorn, is a personal and literary friend of Hrs. lloanor
Hoossvelt and_ has a standing invitation to stay at the Vhite House when
in Washington.
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mm roiardlo u attaohod lnorandun -ma Ia: pa;-ma
by Ir. Loddy, Ingal Attache at Havana, Gzba, and with rogard to Ir.
'-'-z,wY_;Z@_o_
hn'a addaudua thorool, I think it only fair to int out that
A tho Inez-anon:-in probably aiolaading in ao far as oorroctly or .
acourataly lzproaling mm; um-. Ir. ,uaa;.n-a 1.1 um. m the
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first pun I t!;__inkthat__th0 report nu, ttgalyd to L-anyu4aq11n; ' _ - q
Hemingway. an1Ahbauaor___8radc: La
Il Haniagway
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to!-1a+-'_b_a,8na
an alight-oat mcxm-um L
pi? I149?-'9 my 1=_hn11-ma with rum! tq_-wumur ho an _u>z Iuroan
-yum-nu ngq involvod to tho slightest azfhnt. 5;:
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Qzat Ir. _ _
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-- -would carry on investigations through bio ao-calla! infornanta for the hbasny
nought Bureau pernisalon to approach lnbauador lraduu and point. out that thin.
would constitute a Violation or tho Bureau's jurisdiction. It I111 be rocallad
_ __"that iho h1:\aa_d1d got anI1D0'_ll1_h%
'ak0"a'|.\d: action. TI aahq-,
',_r* fbowovor, iqhat-vupaa nor; occasion Ihpro opportm1ty'pu-oaantod'1taa1 for Hcn1ng3__.
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of tho __hbaaay a Bavana,_ Joyop anmdwxbat \ -' '. z? '3 3 ;,.

- of lloaingwara oparattona, aonvinaad Joyoo that. the llnindllb I55_p1@13 not Ypropiticul and was not aL_}.ogathor' aomd. Joya 1| a, profound porqog;
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m- T1l!nnd_af8Q1n9ay and of Bradua. zoyuuu It \h_at-
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both '1 th Joyco and labanador I:-aqclm' n a aarupuloualy fair,

Mr . E. bntlllvamaattar
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Mr- Clqdannntial and diract tanner. '1 bcliovo if. quito
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(rig.-;?"~' Mr..vCOIq6?v>1Q hbasladnr pa-adan'a ,aadvJoyne'va_pr9tnat.at.1ana oi ;r1nduh&p=uad adnira-8
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Mr. 'G_1uhnnfor HQ1:;gvay,' |o_1,a'_t't'_or la no
ii my '6im81;'d wii 1Q
tho__lahauado'r and also baring mum the opporhnhiiy
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ML c;"mA1_u'.F&! to mrnlsh the identity of iptomanta and Haningnay not similarly required.
Y-;;?Mr. Hendon
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M,_ N;,$h_g_u;faota to Joya
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mm not do;-iberwpoo}'-'1;oddy-
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*-98"-hI14'__Iitb loob1_a\wh_ P!,\\to_d~o__ut to time _lIbaaaado;"'ipioraatioo_Ibich would;
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aool to vooapletely Izplode nhjargea to-tho eftoot that lnobleugb in Ialaqgiat.
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o - V to iaaodiately baokdam with togoxfd to no request um, Inoblaughibe
n-on
Iith rogard to the Iording contained in the last paragraph of the
- ueaoruodua on page 8, it is believed that this ia aomnlhat untzrtmute in

\ , satting out what Ir. Loddy eotually had in nlnd.
'
It in known to tho writa-
. _ that Loddy has upon his on initiativo whenever oallad upon to do so by the
r . Amoaaaodor and by Joyoo, advised pthoae tlowanhooitatingly that the info:-nation
? Y " fag-:;1shod' by enin'g='ay and the latt_or'a,'organi:a,t1on no completely un_!'ounded ,,
" end uaiouliatantiated in ovarjoingle inataooe. buddy, _o,o7oure0, accomplished
thin by mmiohizig the reaulta ;of his, Leddra, obooi:-_aa to the '1-eporte of
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!Ioaingway.. _I~ as qoito auto that what he intaoded to. otpreaa in tba unfortunately
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worded pa1l:'IPVi_I _tbi.tbe Goal no_t.!o'a1that.
hy Ieaiagvvay
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' intelligence york under the Ambaaeadorh direction. lhe Ambassador

41': res then operating an undercover intelligence orgenizetion, "
rdi-rooted by Ir," 81138! c:+|e:- AI" for the apeoial purpose of l t 5 -
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information on _y-,> ;~ activities. _;_Duran wae
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tending to-renainhere-onthirty Gaye speeial'leaveiroa_

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Coordinating Committee Guatavo Duran wae, through the Ambassador's
influence taken into the habae IF aa a member_ oi the Auxili 11'!
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., , American A.t1'aira.. _ Hie trip to Cuba uaa requeated by the American
__.- Ambassador, the Honorable pruille Braden, in order to engage in
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quit school to pursue hie theatrical ambi
seem to have been all-consuming, he never

he desired. He spent some time in studying the theater
and ient to Hollywood where he was given trials before he camera.
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under watch during the trip to France lest they stage an incident
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on board ship. Fromvliranee he was able, by virtue of having a
North American wife, to go to England and thence to the United
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Duran, on this 5em1n;' obediently followed the party

eell,_d_eaert1ng his assigned post and leading '.the forces under him
againet the Republicans and CR2 in ladrid. Be took a leading role
.}f;;'.\-_fIr,
5;'.~'!'."'?r_-2 . .
. - .
of the war, when Catalonia hadualread
Union of Byndicalists IPR

allied himself with the
Junta, and one of the 1
est
ttles or the war resulted with '
the Oomumiste on one side and the Republicans and CIT on the other.
.5: '1 -'5'
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been occupied by the Prancoites, a Iational Defense Junta ==1.ing oi General IIAJA _BE;8!|_._'KIRO, Golenel OASADQ and others wae
_, _e
termed to negotiate the - surrender or Madrid with Franco. The
"
Oosumnist -Party-wiolently opposed this plan arising in arms
Q
aga.1.n.st__ths J\mta.;.- Orders were given-"to all comrades _to march ,
against ladrid and otherthrow the J'unta."'
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posts of authority and representation. Ihen the 01711.

broke
out, hafjoined voluntarily the Oonmzniat nilitia,; and -wfaeaasigned
to a eomand in the forces under Colonel ILBGADA onthelladrid .
\
front. Be spent the best partbt the war on this 11-ont, ascending, 1
always with the aid and support oi the Caumnist Party, in military ,
rank until he reached the rank oi Commander, before 1938. In the
latter year, he was promoted towthe rank or Lieutenant Colonel highest rank granted by Bepubliean Spain to non-professional
'
officials --- and served as chief or an army corps on the llatallans
(Valencia) front.
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The statements of persona who knew him well in Spain

and who fought with him are unanimous in that Duran is a product
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an effort tojeinrre iome independent 1 corroboration report, at the instructiaf SIB #895 further___interby8IB #788 with Dr. JU
, aspanish refugee
A report of this c'"o'"7"e'rsation a as follows: 4
a Lieutenant Colonel in the Spanish LoysIl"
this _
hadbeen linked with the .
Communists in Iadrid. Q-C-;_8ince comingto Cuba the son has been
. ' \
doing various bits of work "for the_Caaa
the father
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During the evening, events which took place in lladrid
during the war days were discussed. he old man frankly stated that
his son, now also a resident of'"Cuha
.. ,__
(>1
_ .'
reason the father fled Iadrid on Iovember .7, 1936 when itlooked as
though Franco were going to enter the city at any moment. The elder
Chabswenttofranceandthencameontoantolkmingowithagroup q
of Spanish refugees, finally reaching Cuba, where he has settled at
Cienfuegos.
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the writer last night had dimer with Dre Juan Chabs, e'I5-yearold Spaniard who prior to the Spanish Civil Iar was
- ~ .
Juvenile Court <_ Judge in Xadrid.-gdlthough
ld g
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not active in politics _hims'elf, his son, JU
III was e
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if; the person referred to was this man. g
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Embassy now a man who is absolutely trustworthy as a source of

information for them. It would not be surprising to many who knew
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_'.'__. He has becomes naturalised Am'eri'canci_tizen, and pretends

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to conform absolutelywith the ideals of Mlerioan demo1?!'-=1 but
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those who know him state that they do not believe him then he
,
talks this way. hey believe the he is merely using these tactics
for his own ends, and that he camot divorce "himself from the beliefs
which he has defended so many years during his life. Others state
thatthe Ccsm:unists"frequently.boaat theyhave within the American
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asked theold mam if he hadhappened -to"me_e,t
Gustavoburan in Iadrid. Chabs"said that he had, and int his B011
had been a very close friend of Duran. Duran and the son had fought
together in Spain during the war, the father stated. The writer
asked whether this meant that Duran also was a member of the
Communist Party in Spain. Chabae said: Yes, Gustavo became a
Communist. But he wasnot actually a member of the party at the
beginning of the war as far as I know. He had mans friends wens
the Communists4e.nd had worked with them, but it was not until after
the war had beengoing-awhile,that<heijoined_ the party."
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FEDERAL lllhilll OF INVESTIGATION
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Pagetal withheld entirely at this location in the file. One or more of the following statements, where
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The complete rsemor
submitted by SIS #498 is set out as follows:
um
7:
'.~!~"_r,, '.-f_~
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he doubted that more than half this numberwere_ actually regis- -tered members," the o_therha1f_ being Comumist syarpathizers.-. He
emphasized the fact that a great manysrdent Republican Spaniards

_who believed in Spain had embraced the Gosmunist cause since the
Russians were the only "ones furnishing aid to theilepublican forces.
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-He observed that had the'?a'sciats foroxample, furnished
so-called Iconaaunists lost interest and 4-enthusiasm for the cause.

'.'.__Be aJ.so.,po'_inted.outY1ihat,ollowing the defeat
great nanyforrner
;~,
v -
4 -'/.2.'
.-...
t--rcsummuesli, dropped their znrnbership-lhd.e.1'fi1iation~with the
'
Party. to susssar'iz'e,?heY'enphs'sised that 1'sany8pa.nish Communists
f3".:s::.;
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Duran stated that he was last in Madrid in June 1938,

at which time he received his assignment to the Valencia sector,
where he was in conznsnd until the end of the war, never having
returned to lladrid. He mentioned that IIIAJA was in charge of the
I -F 12' '1?-._-fa-,,'.g,~;= :5-in
"_ ?'~.'S.-*"74'$ .
'~, "-_-, j__='_,' '14-
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_Joined the party simply as s matter of expediency in order to best

utilize the aid furnished by the Russians.
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j slant furnished by the Russians which he identifiedtas having been

" used by the Russians during the-Russo-;J'apanese war in 1905. is a
result of this hall-hearted (support by the Russians, many of the _
Y s
'
_
zhlanes, mmitions, and other war equipment to the Republican forces,

V ese same Spaniards in the interest of the cause for which they
were fighting would have become Fascists under the some circumstance .
<- However, as the war went on, Republican forces found that the equip_
" [ment furnished by Russians was obsolete, outmoded, and almost
y .
invariably old. as an example, he mentioned, field artillery equipe
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pilot. their planes and to handle

nateriagghey furnished.
Russianofficers were, of course, sprinkled
ughout the Repub_;1ican forces to see that this policy-was carried out. :_1ez-efore,
many Republicans joined Corrrm.mist.__Party_ in order to -best serve theirgeountry.
.
=_j~
ff; 1;, _:
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He pointed out that although the Russians did not say so in so many
words, it was apparent that they wanted Oommmist Party" members to
=-~'.~-'
if
streng'thl"ofth%orzmuniat
i P at the outset of the Spanish Civil War

y '
'
r
Sp
ards
embraced
the
Consmmist
cause,
he
stated
that
the
Party
E
I
in 1936 is reputedtohave had .'_0,000'1nernbers in Spain, although
'3.
7.}.
:1
."_..l," _ 4.? .;r"*. _,~. '-'~,- f),.;"

_, -. .-_v..;..~:-_ L .-=_,r <.~;-;--
. '_.
-accuracy of the foregoing 7 ,

statements, informal interview
had with Gustavo Duran by
~
SIS #498 on July 80 1945, without of course disclosing in any -
art;
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way the purpose of the conversation.
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defense ofladrid shile 0ol.'BaSM>0*_wa's in char-ge..atc.An.dalucia .

holding a sirnil_ar;.position as Duranat Valencia. s
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I . . . .'Follosing Bn1lXl.8'lJ.CC88S1\]l offensive at 'i'eruel made by
were rather quiet from then until April 28, 1939, at which time
he received orders to cease firing.
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Din-en," his forces retired to Valencia," and military operations
'w .a '-"
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Republican officers and the Ccnsmrnists wi

'c't.to' the surrender of Madrid, he stated that he only
there was difference of opinion on this point, but was unaware-,th'at iny actual
violence took place between "the two factions. "Be emphasized that
since he never returned to lladrid, factsss to what took place
there,areunl:nowntohim'.",
M
".. -.~_-,
. __
~-
-;
On the following day, he
received orders to proceed to a certain prisoners' camp with his
;__
men, but they were stopped a short distance from Valencia and
_;
ordered to return to the city. Ele pointed _out_"that the_Fr'anco'_
government had made no provisions or plans whatsoever for prisoncamps, and guards were therefore placed around the city ofslencia
-7
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~ -and the s;pusn=n_.tr.<>or= "var? F13!-owed t,o"iII>.\te.'free1y_,wi~th3.n-_the

citye
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Prior to the surrender of llsdrid A Duran had been
_
contacted by STUART WARNER, American "Consul, and Col. FUQUA "
1'
American muss;-y Attachd, as well. u a an-E. srnwrrnrs, British
Vice Consul, and the British !lilite.ry__,1t_:tach6.

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lsrlyrfriendlyvwith Bsllantync. l'o1lo_wing*the surrender, Duran
.wer-:'e'<"-u';aJ
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requested Iarner, to'give him asylum in the _Ameri'can Embassy.
Iarner pointed out that the American government had not recognised
...
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,--.
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These men had
contacted him for military information, and he had become particu-
the right of asylum, and therefore his request could not be granted.
Duran also requested that he be permitted to live in his, Warner's,
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home. Warner also refused this request; In desperation, Duran
finally decidertgopresent himself to the military commander at ~

Valencia, which e did." i He found this individual to be an old frien
of his family. He ordered Duran billeted in a private home awaiting
ea-:',"
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decision as_to1ha't_a_c_ticr.9 if a:rYwould~_be taken against him. iwhile

there, he wrote to Iarner reques ing him to telephone Ballantyne .
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at the British Bqsbassy, which was done.j~Balla_ntyne contacted Duran
tr- ~'. .,-.e=.~_
clandestinal ," and advised him that :1 British destroyer, was leaving
<;1f:;;h'om,the.porz
of-Salencia that warns nig'ht,and'he' wouldendeavorto.
get him on it. 1 After considerable maneuvering, Duran wastaken in
;.. 33:11:,
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pg
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an Embassy oar to the British Knbassy, and subsequently without

passport or documents, posed as a British -subject and succeeded in
getting on board the vessel. Ballantyne also furnished himefunds.
The destroyer left Valencia, and lmran was later transferred to the
British hospital ship "Kaine", which took him to Marseilles, F'rs_1fr._<>e.
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, V? Be in very grateful
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1:1-1:112 in Valencia, which he mum; caved
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least .1
Imring the course ot_ hie conversation, he mentioned
me he mm never been to the United State: trier to his marriage

to hie American wife. He also mentioned the, he studied literature,
e . "_mnic,r1n=lIl.drid.lnd. Perie,..a3.thou5h.Iee una.bJ.e to finish

. thoee studies on account oi the civil war.
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' ., Ihile discussing the Oeummiete in B_pain_ and the part _ I
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they lay-ed__in_the war, Duran constantly referred to them as - '
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and hover gave Len; indication that he personally was a.
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member or the Communist Party.
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Gustavo Daren,
was once
in Hollywood
creen ea . - oco
to hie
own etatement, he wae neverrinthe United States prior to
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inconsistent with widespread information, printed in the

press or the world at that time concerning disorders in Had:-id
over the Commmiat rene]. to join with other Spanish Republican
elementa in the final surrender of the city.
t}.J'e='</r, *
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lthe,_lm'render or
eityrto Irmce.
" According to hin___eewnnte.teg|eut-3-he
returned to Indrid .;
after June 1938. 1!'he etatement o1"'Dure.nthalt he wae unaware
of my violence between the two factions at lladrid appears
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noted:
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ue following conclusion:
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Ernest Hemingway FBI File Part 1

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Ernest Hemingway FBI File Part 1

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O

FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION

SUBJECT: ERNEST HEMINGWAY

' ' -:5 2.:

.with.a.relationship*that has developed under the direction of the

As the Bureau is aware, HEMINGWAY has been resident in

Federal Bureau of Investigation,

___. ..;.._ _ ',.

~1 Mr. HEMINGWAY has been on friendly terms with Consul

very friendly with Mr. OBEBTPQ3CICE, Second Secretary of Embassy,

these friendships has come from HEMINGWAY, but the opportunity of

At several conferences with the Ambassador and officers

pointed out that HEMINGWAY'$ experiences during the Spanish Civil

the fact is that the Ambassador regards the Bureau representation

..'>,- <W -'1

The writer pointed out at these conferenc svsusevsyFwv8" 5 ;

formation which could be secured concerning the o eratiggsjyg the; ;

~ - .. ~.',-4, ...,..:._.,..... ...,. ... ..

':___-,'-'7-1; _- ." _-,,

-.1. <|-._;- '

_L_', ',_'.j -t_ ',,

-.. .=~ --.

.b7 the Ambassador as the.EmbassyFs coordinator of intelligence

"activities, that some consideration should be given to the question

of relationship between Mr. HEMINGWAY and the Bureau representatives

This question existed in the writer's mind for two

reasons: (1) It is recalled that when the Bureau was attacked

enlistments in the Spanish Republican forces, Mr. HEMINGWAY was

Mr. JOYCE made inquiries of HEMINGWAY concerning his

therefor, and reported that his attitude appeared to be entirely

of the Detroit incident of 1940, and that he regarded the Gestapo

' It was decided, nevertheless, that HEMINGWAY would work

finca, with visits to Havana two or three times weekly. He is

the like, operating on a arttime basis. The cost of this

At a meeting with him at his finca on September 30, 1942, the

.- ~~~-.r_-.~,-,.,-aaaae.:..._,,..=-ya; .__. ,-a_~.=+,.,e-_-.,;.,,...='.,-,v,-=,,=e.-.7..;~,-.-.-.-~;- ~/;-- ;- .-cw

xi:-_\_': _._-'i =5.

' _.__..-;-2; _._

on several memoranda that he'likes'BEMINGHA!'S approach, and wishes

to encourage him in the type of work that he is doing. HEMINGWAY

a script for a March of Time" report on the "Flying Tigers" in

tive work on the south coast of Cuba..

be recognized as war casualties for purposes of

,indemnification~in the event any loss of life results from this

with specific reference to the conducting of intelligence

cooperative basis, without compensation to himself, and that he will

_ be guided at all times by our wishes. So far, no conflict has

limit his.investigations whenever this is thought desirable. \9 u\

.<<~ ;; LThe1Bureau;wi1l be continuously advised;nf pertinent '

H3". /N.- vb' ;'\\- I. .

" ' Legal Att8.Ch8

"vs- -_-,. , -. up-v

-m. mroammou com'mrm_

Re; ~ERI\1E8'I' QEMINGWAY

Federal Bureau of Investigation,

Mr. HEMINGWAY advised the Ambassador that DURAN had

of the Spanish Civil War, and recommended his abilities very

DURAN, he said, held some position in the Department of

State, the exact position being unknown.

whether DURAN who was formerly a Spanish citizen had acquired

At the instance of Mr. HEMINGWAY, t e Ambassador

Ozfurther interest in this mggzr is a visit of

ERNES HEMINGWAY (the former mar

during the week commencing October 12 I 1 42. Mrs. HEMINGWAY

are "3."<~}"4.-"".~X -"'~"