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Lecture17 Ee474 Folded Cascode Ota
Lecture17 Ee474 Folded Cascode Ota
Lecture17 Ee474 Folded Cascode Ota
Announcements
HW4 Due Friday 10/22 Exam 2 Wednesday Nov 3 9:10-10:10AM
Agenda
Single-Stage Cascode OTA Folded Cascode OTA
Simple OTA
VDD M5 Rbias Vi+ M1 M2 ViCL M6 Vo
Itail M3 M4
VSS
Gain is larger by a gmro factor Output swing range is limited due to large compliance voltage of cascode current source load
[Razavi]
Folding about the cascode node will increase input and output swing range
[Razavi]
MP
MNC
Maximum Vout set by MP saturation Vout Vb 2 + | VTHP | Minimum Vout set by output NMOS cascode or tail current source saturation Vout VDSATNC + VDSATN OR Vout VDSATITail + VGS1
With proper (high-value) choice of Vb2, a decent output and input swing range can be achieved
9
TAMU-ELEN-474 2009
Jose Silva-Martinez
VB1 and VB2 must keep M1 - M5 in saturation region VB2 > Vsat,4 + VGS3 (for M4 sat) VB1 < VDD - Vsat,5 VSG2
(for M5 sat)
Gm = g m1 ;
TAMU-ELEN-474 2009
Jose Silva-Martinez
Example: Folded-Cascode OPAMP Find the gain and the phase from input to output and from input to node 2.
g m1 g o1 + g o 5
g m1 gm2
The low frequency gain is 77 dB and the unity gain frequency is around 80 MHz. The behavior of the gain from the input to node 2 is interesting: above the dominant pole.
- 11 m2 z 2 g +g r C o 5 out L o1
TAMU-Elen-474
Jose Silva-Martinez-08
There is a limitation due the non- dominant pole IBIAS ADC Wcasc VDSAT
vo g 1 = md C p v in go CL 1 + s 1 s + g mc go
- 12 -
TAMU-Elen-474
Jose Silva-Martinez-08
FOLDED-CASCODE OTA
Frequency response: VDD Righ hand side VB3 VX
MP VB2 2ID1 2ID1
VW
Righ hand side: 2 poles (at VW and Vout) Left hand side: 4 poles !!! (at VX, VY, VZ and
iOUT1
VB2
Vout) vout
VY
VB1
vin+ M1
vin-
VB1
VZ
2ID1
MN
MN
-VSS
- 13 -
TAMU-Elen-474
Jose Silva-Martinez-08
VDD
M2
VB3 VX M3
VB2 2ID1 2ID1
VB2
iOUT1
VY
VB1
vin+ M1
vin-
vout
VB1
i 01 = g m 1 v n 1
Each transistor M2 generates a differential output current
M4 M5 MN
2ID1
VZ MN -VSS
i 02 = g m 2 v n 2
Similarly, for each transistor M5
i 05 = g m 5 v n 5
i 04 = gm4 v vn4 n4 r05 1+ g m 4 r05
At low and medium frequencies, noise contribution of the cascode transistors can be neglected (M3 and M4)
TAMU-Elen-474
Jose Silva-Martinez-08
FOLDED-CASCODE OTA
M2
VDD
2ID
1
VX
2ID
1
VB3 VW
iOUT1
VB2 VB2
i 0 T 2 = 2 g m1 2 v n 1 2 + g m 2 2 v n 2 2 + g m 5 2 v n 5 2
vout
VY
VB1
vin+ M1 2ID
vin-
VB1
VZ M5 M5 -VSS
v eq ,in = 2
2
g m1 2 v n 1 2 + g m 2 2 v n 2 2 + g m 5 2 v n 5 2 g m1 2
v noise =
v eq ,in
BW
2 2 2 2 g v g v 2 m 5 n 5 m 2 n 2 df = 2 v n 1 + + 2 g m1 g m1 2 BW
df
- 15 -
TAMU-Elen-474
Jose Silva-Martinez-08
VDD
M2
VB3 VX
2ID1 2ID1
VW
2 2 2 2 g v g v 2 m 5 n 5 m 2 n 2 v noise = 2 v n 1 + + 2 g g m1 2 BW m1
VB2 VB2
iOUT1
VY
VB1
vin+ M1
vin-
vout
VB1
df
2ID1
M5
M5
-VSS
vnoise
g m 2 g m5 16 1 df = + + kT 2 2 3 g m1 BW g m1 g m1
vnoise
8kT g m 2 g m5 ( ) BW 1 + + g g g m1 m1 m1
Noise of diff pair
Low-noise is associated with large gm1 and relatively small gm2 and gm5
Next Time
Two Stage Miller OTA
17