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5 Longtermmemory NC
5 Longtermmemory NC
Wh t i What is LTM?
Contains our memory for experiences and information that has accumulated over a lifetime
D l i Declarative
Pr d r l Procedural
ENCODING IN LTM
Stimulus information is processed d at multiple li l levels simultaneously d depending di upon i its characteristics. The "deeper" the processing, the more that will be remembered
semantic
Orthographic Processing
Processing only superficial visual characteristics of a piece of information
Examples:
Does PREY contain the letter e? YES or NO Is I BUTTER written itt in i all ll capital it l letters? l tt ? YES or NO Is Table written in italics? YES or NO
Phonological Processing
Processing only superficial acoustic characteristics of a piece of information Examples:
Does small rhyme with hall? Does say say rhyme with day? day ? YES or NO YES or NO
Semantic Processing
Processing the meaning of a piece of information leads to deeper more distinctive and more elaborate processing. i
Relating the information to your long term memory, and focusing on the meaning
Mood Congruence
Better memory for material i l that h i is congruent with the persons current mood. d
You remember pleasant l things hi when h you are happy
RETRIEVAL IN LTM
Amnesia
Retrograde amnesia
Memory loss for events before the damage
Anterograde amnesia
Memory loss for events after the damage
Anterograde Amnesia
The infamous H.M.
Part of temporal lobe and hippocampus removed to cure epilepsy p py Very poor performance on explicit memory tests Close-to-normal Close to normal performance in implicit memory tests
Expertise
Consistently superior performance on a set of tasks that are relevant for a specific skill or topic, which is achieved hi d b by deliberate d lib t p practice ti over a period p i d of f at t least l t 10 years.
Source Monitoring
Identifying the source of memories or beliefs.
Item and source memory are distinct from each other. You might remember something but forget or misremember the source of that information.
F l Memories False M i
Eyewitness testimony
Loftus -- subjects watched a video of a car accident and then were asked how how fast was the car going when it it Smashed Collided Bumped p d Hit Contacted 40.8 40 8 39.3 38.1 34.0 31.8
Eyewitness testimony
Leading L di questions i may bias bi the h estimates i The questions may literally change the way people remember the event
Eyewitness testimony
1 Week subjects were later asked did you see any broken glass? Most answered no correctly, but yes if asked Smashed 32% said y 14% said yes if asked hit 12% said yes in control group The memory of the video and the question were fused together into one memory memory.