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  • Evaluation of A Novel Skin Type Meter and The Correlation Between Fitzpatrick Skin Type and Skin Colour

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    Caerwyn Ash
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    Background and Objective: To evaluate a novel skin tone meter to categorise skin types into one of the six genres of the Fitzpatrick Skin Classification System, thus optimising safety in light-based dermatological procedures. The numerical classification schema measures several components; principally the reaction of human skin to exposure of ultraviolet light, which is used to help predict skin response in laser and intense pulsed light (IPL) treatments. Materials and Methods: 220 volunteers of mixed ethnic origin, age and gender were enrolled in this study. The subjects’ Fitzpatrick skin type was determined by a standardised questionnaire on their reaction to first significant sunlight exposure of the year. A calibrated prototype device consisting of an optical head (460 nm) and detector, microprocessor and an LCD display was used to measure the subjects’ inner arm skin, which typically has little UV exposure and minimal hair and compared with measurements using a skin colour chart and digital photographs. To evaluate device performance across different skin states using the same subject, a section of inner arm skin on a sub-group of eight subjects was marked into test areas using a template and the skin in each area prepared (i) with a control area (ii) by degreasing with acetone for 1 minute to represent dry skin, (iii) with a fine layer of coupling gel to represent hydrated skin, (iv) with a thin layer of petrolatum (Vaseline) to represent oily skin, (v) with saline solution applied and dried to represent dried perspiration. Results: Conclusion: This study demonstrated in vivo the potential for miscorrelation of the Fitzpatrick Skin Classification System to skin colour using assessed digital images of the measurement area against a skin tone chart. The novel device detects skin colour on simulated dry, hydrated, oily, and perspired skin. Through accurate detection of skin melanin, this novel device may significantly decrease the risk of potential side effects through overtreatment and extend treatment to wider patient populations with light based dermatological procedures.

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    Evaluation of a Novel Skin Type Meter and the Correlation Between Fitzpatrick Skin Type and Skin Colour

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    Background and Objective: To evaluate a novel skin tone meter to categorise skin types into one of the six genres of the Fitzpatrick Skin Classification System, thus optimising safety in light-based dermatological procedures. The numerical classification schema measures several components; principally the reaction of human skin to exposure of ultraviolet light, which is used to help predict skin response in laser and intense pulsed light (IPL) treatments. Materials and Methods: 220 volunteers of mixed ethnic origin, age and gender were enrolled in this study. The subjects’ Fitzpatrick skin type was determined by a standardised questionnaire on their reaction to first significant sunlight exposure of the year. A calibrated prototype device consisting of an optical head (460 nm) and detector, microprocessor and an LCD display was used to measure the subjects’ inner arm skin, which typically has little UV exposure and minimal hair and compared with measurements using a skin colour chart and digital photographs. To evaluate device performance across different skin states using the same subject, a section of inner arm skin on a sub-group of eight subjects was marked into test areas using a template and the skin in each area prepared (i) with a control area (ii) by degreasing with acetone for 1 minute to represent dry skin, (iii) with a fine layer of coupling gel to represent hydrated skin, (iv) with a thin layer of petrolatum (Vaseline) to represent oily skin, (v) with saline solution applied and dried to represent dried perspiration. Results: Conclusion: This study demonstrated in vivo the potential for miscorrelation of the Fitzpatrick Skin Classification System to skin colour using assessed digital images of the measurement area against a skin tone chart. The novel device detects skin colour on simulated dry, hydrated, oily, and perspired skin. Through accurate detection of skin melanin, this novel device may significantly decrease the risk of potential side effects through overtreatment and extend treatment to wider patient populations with light based dermatological procedures.

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    142 views16 pages

    Evaluation of A Novel Skin Type Meter and The Correlation Between Fitzpatrick Skin Type and Skin Colour

    Uploaded by

    Caerwyn Ash
    Background and Objective: To evaluate a novel skin tone meter to categorise skin types into one of the six genres of the Fitzpatrick Skin Classification System, thus optimising safety in light-based dermatological procedures. The numerical classification schema measures several components; principally the reaction of human skin to exposure of ultraviolet light, which is used to help predict skin response in laser and intense pulsed light (IPL) treatments. Materials and Methods: 220 volunteers of mixed ethnic origin, age and gender were enrolled in this study. The subjects’ Fitzpatrick skin type was determined by a standardised questionnaire on their reaction to first significant sunlight exposure of the year. A calibrated prototype device consisting of an optical head (460 nm) and detector, microprocessor and an LCD display was used to measure the subjects’ inner arm skin, which typically has little UV exposure and minimal hair and compared with measurements using a skin colour chart and digital photographs. To evaluate device performance across different skin states using the same subject, a section of inner arm skin on a sub-group of eight subjects was marked into test areas using a template and the skin in each area prepared (i) with a control area (ii) by degreasing with acetone for 1 minute to represent dry skin, (iii) with a fine layer of coupling gel to represent hydrated skin, (iv) with a thin layer of petrolatum (Vaseline) to represent oily skin, (v) with saline solution applied and dried to represent dried perspiration. Results: Conclusion: This study demonstrated in vivo the potential for miscorrelation of the Fitzpatrick Skin Classification System to skin colour using assessed digital images of the measurement area against a skin tone chart. The novel device detects skin colour on simulated dry, hydrated, oily, and perspired skin. Through accurate detection of skin melanin, this novel device may significantly decrease the risk of potential side effects through overtreatment and extend treatment to wider patient populations with light based dermatological procedures.

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    Evaluation of a Novel Skin Type Meter and the Correlation between Fitzpatrick Skin Type and Skin Colour

    Caerwyn Ash PhD1, Stuart Jones2, Godfrey Town3, Marc Clement PhD1, Peter Bjerring MD PhD4, Sam Webster PhD1, Richard Hugtenburg PhD1 Mike Kiernan PhD2
    1. School of Medicine, Swansea University, UK 2. CyDen Ltd, Swansea, UK 3. Independent Laser Protection Advisor, Haywards Heath, UK 4. Molholm Hospital, Vejle, Denmark

    Why is Skin Tone Important to Understand

    Understanding and measuring epidermal melanin concentration limits the output parameters of IPL/Lasers to prevent or severely reduce the risk of adverse reactions

    Human Skin Optics

    Skin Tone
    Type 1 Type 2 Type 3 Type 4 White: Always burns, never tans very pale White: Usually burns, tans eventually known as Celtic skin, often has freckles. White: Sometimes burns tans quite well in sunlight Moderate Brown: Hispanic/Mediterranean skin, naturally darker olive skin tans well

    Type 5
    Type 6

    Dark Brown: cultural background is Asian Middle Eastern very sensitive to sunlight
    Black: Cultural background is AfroCaribbean and is very sensitive to sunlight

    The Zebrafish Device

    The Study Questionnaire

    Swansea University Ethics Approved Study 120 Anonymised Subjects Exclusion criteria = psoriasis, dermatitis

    The Study Measurement Data

    Cortex RGB Measurement

    Zebrafish Measurement

    Photo of treatment area

    Results

    The results show no/limited correlation between the questionnaire derived Fitzpatrick skin type and the self assessed skin tone.

    Results

    Graph shows the correlation of the zebrafish prototype to the estimated skin type derived from the photographs of the Boots colour chart against measurement area.

    Results

    Graph shows the correlation between the prototype zebrafish prototype and the RGB values of the Cortex DSM II ColorMeter.

    Results

    Results

    Graph showing the variation of skin states on the Zebrafish prototype 4.5% Std Dev

    Discussion Results show that the zebrafish pigmentation index shows good correlation to a subjects skin colour. Further, the results show that Pigmentation index is an improved method of determining IPL/laser parameters for cosmetic IPL/laser treatments as it directly relates to the subjects melanin concentration, intra-body melanin distribution.

    The Fitzpatrick skin type was incorrect of 71.4% subjects using a Boots colour chart and genetic deposition key when compared to a questionnaire derived Fitzpatrick value.
    Fitzpatrick skin typing is not a good indication of the probability of adverse reactions using IPL/laser hair removal treatments.

    Further testing is currently being undertaken

    Summary 1. Fitzpatrick skin typing is not optimal as a tool to determine IPL treatment parameters.

    2. Pigmentary Index is a better indication of the level of risk to adverse reactions, we propose to use this index before treatment even of different body locations 3. The Zebrafish system is proven to correlate with estimate skin tone based on 120 subjects of various ethnicity, but more work is required

    Consumer Diagnostic Devices

    Consumer are familiar with diagnostic equipment

    Thank You

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