individual muscle cells are known as...

the connective tissue wrapping that covers the entire skeletal muscle myofilaments are directly enclosed within the... a muscle fasicle is a : what is the smallest contractile unit of skeletal muscle? where is myosin found in skeletal muscle cells? what aids in skeletal muscle relaxation after contraction? the stiffness of muscle tissue in rigor mortis partially results from... when an action potential reaches the synaptic terminal of the motor neuron... lack of acetylcholinesterase in the synaptic cleft would result in.... curare, a toxin, blocks the acetylcholine receptors on the sarcolemma. This would result in,,,, training exercises like jogging, swimming, and aerobics have this effect on skeletal muscle tissue: in a single contraction cycle, following arrival of a nerve impulse at the neuromuscular junction list the steps.

Muscle fibers epimysium myofibril bundle of muscle fibers a sarcomere in thick filaments acetylcholinesterase degrades acetylcholine lack of ATP to power release of myoson acetylcholine is released into the synaptic cleft excessive, continuous stimulation of the muscle fiber inability of the muscle to respond to motor nerve stimulus increase number of mitochondria per muscle fiber 1. acetylcholine triggers an electrical impulse to be transmitted to transverse tubules 2. release of calcium ions, exposing binding sites on actin 3. myosin binds to actin 4. the power stroke occurs 5. a ATP binds to the myosin head and then it disconnects from the active site on actin 6. acetylcholinesterase is released 7. calcium ions are transported back into sarcoplasmic reticulum 1. to act as a spring, sarcomeres snap back to original resting length 2. stretching muscles head and tail. Head provides power stroke actin, tropin, tropomyosin regulates connection between active sites on myosin

what is the role of titin in muscle cells?

what are the 2 parts of a myosin molecule? which part moves providing the power stroke for muscle? what 3 protein molecules are the tin myfilaments made of? what is the function of the troponin-tropomyosin complex?

what causes the troponin-tropomyosin complex to move away from the myosin binding sites on the actin? what causes the release of calcium ions into the sarcomerefrom the sarcoplasmic reticulum? what causes the active sites on actin to be exposed? what happens after the troponin-tropomyosin complex moves over, exposing the binding sites on the actin? what causes the myosin heads (cross-bridges) to disconnect from actin? what causes the troponin-tropomyosin complex to cover back over the active site? what is required to move calcium ions from the sarcomere back into the sarcoplasmic reticulum? during the contraction of a muscle cell, what happens to the length of the sarcomere? striations on muscle fibers are formed by.... what is a myofibril? where are calcium ions stored? what are transverse tubules used for? what are tropomyosins? contain twisted myosin subunits, contain titin strands that recoil after stretching. tail binds to other myosin molecules, head reaches the nearest thin filiments and is made of 2 globular proteins what happens inside the cell following excitation? 5 step contraction cycle:

calcium ions sodium calcium cross bridges form you have to have fresh ATP take away calcium ATP gets shorter contractile units cylindrical structure inside muscle cells in the sarcoplasmic reticulum intracellular communication elongated proteins thick filiments

Ca2+ is RELEASED into sarcomeres by the sarcoplasmic reticulum exposure of active sites formation of cross-bridges pivoting of myosin heads detachment of cross-bridges reactivation of myosin Ca2+ binds to a receptor on tropinon molecule, troponintropomyosin complex shifts which exposes the active site of F-action. During contraction, myosin heads interact with actin filaments forming cross-bridges. The heads pivot, producing motion. Myosin heads detach, myosin is reactivated and the cycle starts again.

explain the contraction cycle

What does contraction duration depend upon? what is the all-or-none principle? what does tension of a single muscle fiber depend on? do all fibers in a motor unit contract at the same time? what do sustained muscle contracions require? In a whole muscle or group of muscles, how is smooth motion and increasing tension produced? when all motor units reach tetanus what is achieved? how long can max tension be sustained? sustained tension is usually only possible at less than ________ tension the normal tension and firmness of a muscle at rest is defined as what are the 2 muscle contraction types? describe the difference

duration of neural stimulus, number of free Ca ions, and availability of ATP as a whole, a muscle fiber is either contracted or relaxed the number of myofibrils, the fiber's resting length at time of stimulation, and the frequency of stimulation yes many repeated stimuli by slowly increasing the size or number of motor units stimulated. max tension a short time max muscle tone isotonic contractions and isometric contractions. With Isotonic contractions skeletal muscle length decreases but tension increases only slightly resulting in motion. In isometric contractions skeletal muscle increases tension but does not decrease in length. motion skeletal muscle increases tension but does not decrease in length 1. ACh is broken down by ACHE 2. sarcoplasmic reticulum recaptures Ca2+ 3. active sites covered, no cross-bridge interaction 4. contraction ends 5. relaxation occurs, passive return to resting length storage molecule for excess ATP energy in resting muscle 1.aerobic metabolism of glucose and fatty acids 2. anaerobic glycolysis using glucose in the cytoplasm 34 per glucose molecule aerobic metabolism 2 per molecule of glucose

what does an isotonic contraction result in? describe an isometric contraction. what are the 5 steps in muscle relaxation?

explain the use of creatine phosphate describe the 2 ways cells make fresh ATP How many molecule of ATP are produced from aerobic metabolism? During rest and aerobic exercise what type of ATP generation is needed? How many molecules of ATP are produced from anaerobic glycolysis?

what type of ATP generation is needed for intense exercise? describe the differences between aerobic metabolism and anaerobic glycolysis in regards to ATP generation

anaerobic glycolysis Aerobic metabolism is used during rest and aerobic exercise breaking down glucose and fatty acids yielding 34 ATP molecules per glucose molecule. Anaerobic glycolysis is the promary energy source for intense activity breaking down glucose from glycogen stores producing only 2 molecules of ATP. results in lactic acid formation anaerobic glycolysis fatigued depletion of metabolic reserves, low pH levels, damage to sarcolemma, lactate buildup fatigue may be caused by accumulated byproducts of ATP-splitting CO2 and excess lactate and acidity are eliminated, oxygen becomes available, and mitochondrial activity resumes Cori cycle the liver liver converts lactate to pyruvic acid and glucose is released to recharge muscle glycogen reserves oxygen active muscles produce heat which leads to 70% of muscle energy being lost as heat which raises body temperature. slow fibers fast fibers intermediate fibers power aerobic activities epimysium

what process results in lactic acid formation? when muscle can no longer perform they are ______ name some correlations with muscle fatigue/ results of fatigue what does the modern hypothesis about the cause of fatigue suggest? describe the muscle recovery period

what is responsible for the removal of recycling of lactate by the liver? where does the cori cycle take place? how does the cori cycle work? the cori cycle requires_______ what is a harmful byproduct of muscle activity?

what muscle fiber type is aerobis with more mitochondria. smaller in diameter, dark colored, and fatigue resistant? what muscle fibers are anaerobic, larger in diameter, a paler color and easily fatigued? _________ fibers can be modified by physical activity anaerobic activities improve _______ what type of activities improve endurance? outermost layer on a muscle

deepest kind of fascia, surrounds each individual muscle fiber endomysium