We desire a strain tensor that accurately captures large-strain deformation without being affected by rigid-body rotation.

u J

All these strain measures include both deformation and orientation

F 1

We can separate the deformation and orientation information in F and F 1 using a technique called polar decomposition.
Faith A. Morrison, Michigan Tech U.

Polar Decomposition Theorem

Any tensor for which an inverse exists has two unique decompositions:

R U V R
Pure rotation tensor
1

U V R

A A  A A  A A A 
T 1 2 1 T 2 T

Orthogonal tensor

U,V

1  2

A U

1

Symmetric, nonsingular tensors

Faith A. Morrison, Michigan Tech U.

Calculate the right stretch tensor and rotation tensor for a given tensor. Calculate the angle through which R rotates the vector u.
EXAMPLE:

1 0 2 A 0 3 2 2 0 0xyz

1 2 1xyz
w

u
A U R

Faith A. Morrison, Michigan Tech U.

We have partially isolated the effect of rotation through polar decomposition. rotation tensor left stretch tensor

R U

V R
right stretch tensor

original (strain) tensor We can further isolate stretch from rotation by considering the eigenvectors of U and V .

Faith A. Morrison, Michigan Tech U.

k U [
eigenvectors

k Ok[
eigenvalues

j Q j] j V ]

Physical Interpretation
PATH

I
U

i
R

n R [ On Q n

]n

i i
V

PATH

II
Faith A. Morrison, Michigan Tech U.

Finite Strain Tensors

A F

V2 F FT FT F

U2 FT F F FT
1T

proposed deformation tensors; contain stretch and rotation

FT F 1

  F   F  F   F   F  F  F  
F 1 F 1
1T T 1T 1 1

1T

Cauchy tensor Finger tensor

C { F FT C
1

proposed deformation tensors; contain stretch of eigenvectors, BUT

1
NO ROTATION

{ F

  F
1 T

Faith A. Morrison, Michigan Tech U.

Calculate stress predicted in rigid-body rotation by a finite-strain Hookes law.

EXAMPLE:

GC 1(t,0)

Calculate stress predicted in shear by a finite-strain Hookes law. Compare with experimental results.
EXAMPLE:

GC 1(t,0)

Faith A. Morrison, Michigan Tech U.

Compare Finite-Strain Hookes Law with Observations

60

NOTE: for the

Stress (kPa)

first time we have predicted nonzero normal stresses in shear.

40

11 22
20

0 -0.4 -0.2 0 -20 0.2 0.4

21

-40 Solid lines, G = 160 kPa

Figure 9.6, p. 325 DeGroot; solid rubber

-60

J 0t
Faith A. Morrison, Michigan Tech U.

Now, lets fix the Maxwell model.

Integral Maxwell model (rate version):

W
W

K   0 e f O
t

t  t c 
O

J (t c) dt c

GLVE model (strain version):

 M (t  tc) J (t, tc) dtc

f

M (t  tc) {

wG(t  tc) wtc

Integral Maxwell model (strain version):

(t t)  K 0  2 e O J (t, tc) dtc O f t

Faith A. Morrison, Michigan Tech U.

Lodge model
Integral Maxwell model (strain version):

(t t)  K  0 e O J (t, tc) dtc O2 f t

substitute (-Finger tensor) for infinitesimal strain tensor

 C 1(t, t)

Lodge Model: W

(t t)  K 0  2 e O C 1(t, t) dtc O f t

what does it predict?

A finite-strain, viscoelastic constitutive equation

Faith A. Morrison, Michigan Tech U.

Calculate the material functions of steady shear flow for the Lodge model.
EXAMPLE:

Lodge Model: W

(t t)  K 0  2 e O C 1(t, t) dtc O f t

Faith A. Morrison, Michigan Tech U.

Lodge model
1.E+07

=1 s Go=4x104 Pa
material function 1.E+06

K (H 0 )
1.E+05

<1 (J )

K (J )
1.E+04 0.001

0.01

0.1

10

100

1000

Faith A. Morrison, Michigan Tech U.