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Filbert Ave. Residence

A Permaculture Forest Garden

Filbert Ave. Chico, CA 95926 6-1-2013

Design by Stephanie Ladwig-Cooper Implementation by Brian Ladwig-Cooper Gaia Creations, Ecological Landscaping - Permaculture Solutions
P.O Box 3358 Chico, CA 530-828-6390

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CONTENTS

CONTENTS......................................................................................... 1 CLIENT CONTACT DETAILS............................................................... 2 FOREST GARDEN GOALS & PROJECT DESCRIPTION ...................... 2 SITE DETAILS.................................................................................... 4 CLIMATE & SITE DESCRIPTION ......................................................... 4 WATER ..................................................................................................... 5 ACCESS & STAGING .............................................................................. 5 NUTRIENT CYCLES ................................................................................ 5 ENERGY ................................................................................................... 6 FOOD, CROPS ......................................................................................... 6 ECONOMICS ............................................................................................ 6 COMMUNITY ........................................................................................... 6 CONSIDERATIONS ................................................................................ 6 DESIGN SYSTEM RECOMMENDATIONS ........................................... 6 YEAR I - V.......................................................................................... 7 YEAR V - X ......................................................................................... 8 APPENDIX A: Site photos ................................................................. 8 APPENDIX B: Master Plant Lists....................................................... 9 APPENDIX C: Conceptual Design Overlays .................................... 12 APPENDIX D: Rainwater Harvesting Calculations......................... 15 APPENDIX E: Calendars.................................................................. 16 APPENDIX F: Bibliography & Resources ........................................ 17

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CLIENT CONTACT DETAILS

(left blank for privacy)

Chico, CA 95926

FOREST GARDEN GOALS & PROJECT DESCRIPTION

The forest garden is the unifying piece of the larger permaculture design. One element the forest garden connects to is the natural fish pond which was converted from a chlorine swimming pool. The fish pond can be used to irrigate the forest gardens when necessary and has the ability to collect rooftop rainwater for seasonal refilling. The intention of the conversion was to not rely on municipal water sources. The pond is continuous with the larger rainwater harvesting network; if the pond overfills during a large rainfall event the water simply moves passively into the forest garden network of infiltration trenches and mulch basins. The pond and adjacent aquaculture greenhouse are planned to be solar powered for long term energy efficiency. The forest garden is both intensively managed as well as seasonally managed (based on phase of completion) and provide year round foraging delights. Edible perennial and annual polycultures grow throughout the forest gardens to ensure a high rate of food production. The forest gardens are abundant in multifunctional plants from our own local bioregion and from around the world creating lasting resilience to pests and disease diversity creates stability. The forest gardens as a whole create a mosaic of secluded wildlife niches, abundant food sources and plenty of open space for both working and playing.

FOREST GARDEN GOALS

Desired foods and other useful products: Eat fresh fruit from April to November from the garden (with more of some to store and process when possible) The forest garden provides fresh green, shoots, roots, and mushrooms in season. Eat from fish farming, aquatic vegetables and annual tropical garden elements living in greenhouse. Eat fresh eggs from 3-6 chickens Other essential needs the garden fulfills: A materials staging area which has vehicle access for loading and unloading. The forest garden also serves as a demonstration garden for community education tours and surplus food.

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Desired successional stages and vegetation architecture or patterns: The gardens are mostly in midsuccession aggradation (aggradation is the building of natural capital and the cycling of biomass effortlessly) utilizing gaps and minor disturbance regimes for management and ensuring abundant harvests. The gardens are a mosaic of predominantly perennial gardens beds with some self seeding annuals, a lot of forest edges and some thicket/shrubland, oldfields, and shadier habitats. Parts of the 2 annual vegetable production areas are manicured and frequently managed; some forest garden beds are seasonally managed while other areas of the forest garden are left wild providing several different habitats and perspectives. The predominant vegetation architecture (vertical appeal) to the whole property is a lumpy texture giving the impression of a vast forest of food. How the garden relates to the larger ecosystem and neighborhood context: The garden serves as an enhancement to the local riparian habitat that surrounds the neighborhood attracting, housing and feeding a diverse number of beneficial animals and insects. Special care to never use pervasive or noxious plants that are known to pollute the riparian zones is part of the garden design. The forest garden provides an alternative to conventional landscaping inspiring neighbors to do the same when witnessing the successional changes that occur over the years and by sharing in the abundance of food each season. The basic approach to key issues: The choice of species in the forest garden is based upon their ability to fit a specific niche regardless of region or origin. Plant species native to California or the West Coast are preferred when possible. The choice of beneficial pervasive and dispersive opportunistic species for instant succession in the early phases of forest garden establishment serves to build soil health, provide food and habitat for insects and animals and to out-compete undesirable plants species. To quickly maximize productivity the forest garden was transformed rapidly using instant succession plantings, rainwater harvesting systems rather than adapting to the site or slowly changing it. Over time many of the initial species planted give way to the desired species for the final stages of establishment; where succession evolves at a much slower pace. There was initial work and effort to grow apples, pears and stone fruits although the main emphasis for the garden is to grow pest proof and low maintenance species. The annual gardens require the most effort for food production and are exclusively managed by the owners. Including redundantly functioning plant species in the design ensures that if one species fails another will be growing to take it place. This concept is essential to the forest garden design. Experimenting with different types of perennial polycultures and tree guild methods is ongoing. The climate in this region is dry in summer so ensuring that initial irrigation needs are met is a requirement for success. Harvesting rainwater and the development of collection systems throughout the property enhances the ability of the forest gardens to thrive requiring less to no irrigation during summer months.

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Maintenance and establishment efforts for the FOREST GARDENS: The forest gardens are established initially by installing the rainwater harvesting systems and irrigation systems first. Designating the pathways and routes of passage throughout the property the beds are then planted utilizing instant succession methods for the first few years. Work is performed in pulses alternating with periods of less maintenance depending on harvest periods and seasonal maintenance. Up to 2 hours is spent each week in the forest garden during the initial establishment phase (year 1-3). During the second phase of forest garden establishment (year 3-5) the final plantings require less effort continually over time. Up to 1 hour per week is spent, usually less. (Note: after implementation is complete)

PROJECT DESCRIPTION
The permaculture design for this residential property integrates several different but inherently interconnected systems: forest gardens with rooftop rainwater harvesting earthworks, greenhouse with aquaponics for tropical/winter food production, 2 annual vegetable production areas, compost piles and mulch staging area, firewood staging area near home, wide/elevated pathways through all high use areas, chicken coop with small straw yard and managed pasture and, lastly, aquaculture ponds large in ground swimming pool converted to a pond for fish production, habitat, aquaponics and irrigation (pond sillway enters a mulch basin within one forest garden, designated Area C). The pond and greenhouse are to be powered by a solar power station. All individual components integrate to form a highly efficient and productive human food bearing system while reducing resource consumption, regenerating the land and ensuring wildlife a life of abundance as well.

SITE DETAILS
CLIMATE & SITE DESCRIPTION
This urban residence is located near Lower Bidwell Park in Chico, CA at about 223 feet in elevation. Annual rainfall in this Mediterranean climate is about 26.8 inches on average; a good reason why we advocate for rainwater harvesting system installations. Approximately .63 acres in size, the property is one of the larger lots in the neighborhood. The site is a rectangular corner lot with two edges along two streets in an L shape. Main bicycle and vehicle access is the driveway which leads straight back past the house and garage (on the right) ending near the chicken coop.

Google Earth image of property 2009

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There were many trees on the property when the project began almost 4 years ago. The site was extremely overgrown with Privet, Albezia, and Black Locust trees as well as crawling with Virginia creeper and honeysuckle vines. Over the last year many trees and vines have been removed (and turned into compost and mulch) to make room for food producing trees and shrubs. The soil is Charger, fine sandy loam according to the Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS) Web Soil Survey online. A moderately well drained soil the depth to the water table can fluctuate between 3 to 6 feet depending on time of year and rainfall patterns. The pH range is 5.7-7.4, which is very broad and can vary significantly around the property. Observational analysis has indicated further soil testing may need to be done in specific areas. The top foot of soil contains relatively- 70% Sand, 16% silt and 14% clay. Soil organic matter in the top foot is sparse at only 3-6% and declines the further down you go. The soil is also considered to be fairly susceptible to wind erosion. The consistent addition of organic matter in the form of arbor chips, alfalfa, straw as well as 'chop and drop' green and dynamic accumulator material will aid soil stability as well as overall fertility and health. Chickens rotationally pasturing over areas of the property will aid the decomposition of mulch furthering the nutrient availability to trees and plants and providing pest control.

WATER
Property uses municipal water and the original Clients expressed a desire to deviate from the reliance on such water in the future. Goal: Collect, store and cycle beneficial natural energies on site with rainwater harvesting systems that use gravity to feed to lower points in the network of infiltration trenches and basins. This passive water harvesting network will help establish and nurture new and existing plantings and may also be used as inflow for the pond. The pond also has the ability to overflow into a pipe which sills into the water harvesting network.

ACCESS & STAGING

Vehicle access to the main staging areas for materials unloading is free of obstruction making it simple for transporting goods. Garden accesses by means of elevated pathways in sync with the rainwater harvesting system network wooden bridges take one over the infiltration trenches. Access to the house is by means of concrete or wooden decks keeping a majority of the mud outside during rains.

NUTRIENT CYCLES
Cycle all nutrients on site in closed loop systems by stacking functions and elements. Example: Nitrogen fixing Black Locust trees can be coppiced (cut back on a year to years basis for a purpose) for chicken fodder or straw yard mulch or simply placed out when chickens are in pasture in the forest gardens. The chickens eat the Locust leaves and compost it for us part way leaving the rest on the ground (poop) for soil organisms and arthropods soil organisms which fertilize the plants and arthropods which the chickens then eat for food. Clients are provided abundant eggs for consumption as well.

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ENERGY
Solar power will be used to power the greenhouse and aquaculture pond pumps. House and garage use grid electricity and natural gas. Wind and solar gain are excessive in some areas and not in others; over time the goal is to achieve a balance for desired plant and animal species. Goal: Disperse detrimental energies like wind and sun and increase privacy and the diversity of use by the strategic placement of the plantings on-site.

FOOD, CROPS
Make use of the aquaculture ponds microclimates as well as microclimates over the entire property by creating beautiful and highly productive plant guilds consisting of fruits, berries, nuts, insectary and medicinal ecosystems.

ECONOMICS
Initial cost for the first 5 years of design, implementation and management is $25,00040,000 for someone other than the property owner to do all of the work. Years 6-10 are substantially less; $5,000-$10,000.

COMMUNITY
The site could be used as a demonstration project for community tours of permaculture design and food security. The site will be productive supplying the Clients with year round, diverse foods which could be shared with the neighborhood, friends and family on a regular basis. Other surplus food items could be given to charity.

CONSIDERATIONS
Inviting specific groups of the public to learn from working the site would be a benefit to both the projects rate of completion and cost but also aid in the education of permaculture principles and applications for the community.

DESIGN SYSTEM RECOMMENDATIONS

RAINWATER HARVESTING SYSTEM FOREST GARDENS 2 ANNUAL VEGETABLE GARDEN BEDS AQUACULTURE POND GREENHOUSE WITH AQUAPONICS SOLAR STATION COMPOST AREA MULCH & STAGING AREA CHICKENS & COOP CHICKEN PASTURE TREE COPPICE SYSTEMS FIREWOOD AREA

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Mind Map of Permaculture Project Elements

YEAR I - V
Year 1 (October 2009 October 2010): Initial observation and design phase. Tree, vine and shrub removal for optimal species; all plant matter chipped or used on site. Planting of fruit trees. Full house and garage rainwater harvesting system installation. Cover cropping of all rainwater harvesting trenches and basins. Client designed and installed greenhouse and aquaponics system. Starting design phase of Pool to Pond conversion and biofilter installation. Year 2 (October 2010 October 2011): Biofilter completion. Forest Garden (nutrient, water and weed) management and continued instant succession (I.S.) planting by design. Irrigation system design implemented for all trees and I.S. planting. Rainwater harvest system tweaking and consistent mulching. Harvest calendars and client inputs to property re-evaluated. Year 3 (October 2011 2012): Pond conversion completion, management and tweaking to achieve desired state of sufficiency. Initial stocking with forage fish species (blue gill). Continued rainwater harvesting system management. Forest garden management and feedback loop evaluation of I.S plantings. Year 4 (October 2012 2013): Continued pond management and tweaking. Continued stocking with predator fish species (large mouth bass). Desired species of sub canopy shrub layer, herb layer and rhizomatous layers planted in Area B. Area A I.S. initial planting. Irrigation system retrofitted to fit new desired species. Forest garden layers managed in all areas. Irrigation system maintenance. Continued rainwater harvesting system management. Solar station design and review.

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Year 5 (October 2013 2014): Seasonal pond management and stocking. Desired species of sub canopy shrub layer, herb layer and rhizomatous layers planted in Area A. Area C & E I.S. initial planting. Irrigation system retrofitted to fit new desired species. Forest garden layers seasonally managed in all areas. As able, irrigation system retrofitted to decreased soil/plant needs. Continued rainwater harvesting system management.

YEAR V - X
Year 6-7 (October 2014 2016): Seasonal pond management and stocking. Desired species of sub canopy shrub layer, herb layer and rhizomatous layers planted in Area C & E. Irrigation system retrofitted to fit new desired species. Forest garden layers seasonally managed in all areas. Irrigation systems retrofitted to decreased soil/plant needs. Continued rainwater harvesting system management. Forest garden management and feedback loop evaluation of I.S plantings. Year 8-10 (October 2016 2019): Seasonal pond management and stocking use for irrigation if/when needed. Forest garden layers seasonally managed in all areas. Irrigation systems abandoned. Continued rainwater harvesting system management.

APPENDIX A: Site photos

To reduce paper consumption please refer to our website for photos of this ongoing project: http://www.gaiacreationsecoland.com/GalleryFilbert.html

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APPENDIX B: Master Plant Lists

*established plants FOREST GARDEN PLANTS Tall Tree Layer *Albezia (albizia julibrissin) *Apple (malus spp) Avocado (persea americana) *Birch (betula pendula alba) *Black Locust (Robinia pseudoacacia) *Cedar (cedrus deodorus) *Cherry (prunus spp) *English Walnut (juglans regia) *European Pear (pyrus spp) *Pecan (carya Illinoensis) *Persimmon (diospyros spp) *Pistache (pistacia chinensis) *Plum (prunus domestica) *Silver Maple (acer saccharinum) *Valley oak (quercus spp) Low Tree Layer (understory) *Almond (prunus amygdalus) *Apricot (prunus armeniaca) Bamboo (phylostachys spp, fargesia spp) *Chaste Tree (vitex agnuscastus) *Fig (ficus spp) *Lemon (citrus limon) *Mandarine (citrus spp murcott) *Pawpaw (asimina trilobata) *Peach (prunus persica) *Pomegranate (punica granatum) Quince (cydonia oblongata) *Redbud (cercis Canadensis) Shrub Layer Aronia/Chokeberry (aronia melanocarpa) *Blackberry (rubus spp) *Blueberry (vaccinium spp) *Boysenberry/loganberry (rubus loganobaccus) Bush Cherry (prunus besseyi) *Butterfly Bush (buddleia davidii) *Camellia (camellia sinensis) Cinquefoil (potentilla fruticosa) *Currant (ribes spp) *Daphne (daphne odorus) Elderberry (sambucus spp) Goumi (eleagnus multiflora) *Holly Tree (ilex aquifolium ) *Hawthorne (rhaphiolepis spp) *Lavendar (lavandula spp) *Oregon Grape (mahonia aquifolium) *Pittosporum (pittosporum tobira) *Rose of Sharon (hibiscus syriacus) Nanking Cherry (prunus tomentosa) *Raspberry (rubus idaeus) *Rhododendron (rhododendron spp) *Rosemary (rosmarinus officinale) Rugosa Rose (rosa rugosa) Sea Buckthorn (hippophae rhamnoides) Serviceberry (amelanchier alnifolia) Siberian Pea Shrub (caragan arborescens) *Viburnum (viburnum tinus) Vine Layer Clematis (clematis spp) Cucumber (cucmis sativus) *Grape (vitis vinifera) *Honeysuckle (lonicera japonica) Hops (humulus lupulus) Malabar Spinach (basella rubra) Melon (cucmis melo) Nasturtium (tropaeolum majus) Passionfruit (passiflora incarnata) Pea (pisum sativum) Squash (cucurbita spp) Herbaceous Layer *Alstremeria (alstremeria spp) Anise Hyssop (agastache foeniculum) *Asparagus (asparagus officinalis) *Centranthus (centranthus rubber) Chamomile (chamaemelum nobile) Chicory (cichorum intybus) Chives (allium schoenoprasum) *Columbine (aquilegia vulgaris) Common Milkweed (asclepias) *Costmary (tanacetum balsamita) Creeping Thyme (thymus spp) *Dandelion (taraxacum officinale) *Daylily (hemerocallis fulva) Egyptian Onion (allium cepa proliferum)

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*Erigeron (erigeron glaucus) European Licorice (glycyrrhiza glabra) *Fennel (foeniculum vulgare) French Sorrel (rumex scutatus) Garlic (allium sativum) Garlic Chives (allium tuberosum) Good King Henry (chenopodium bonus-henricus) Groundnut (apios americana) *Hydrangea (hydrangea macrophylla) Jerusalem Artichoke (helianthus tuberosus) Kale, Perennial (brassica oleracea ramosa) Lupine (lupinus spp) Maximillian Sunflower (helianthus maximilliani) *Mountain mint (pycnanthemum californicum) Nasturtium (tropaeolum minus) Nine-Star Perennial Broccoli (brassica oleracea botrytis aparagoides) Ostrich Fern (matteucia struthiopterus) *Peppermint (mentha spp) Pink Purslane (claytonia sibirica) Potato (solanum tuberosum) *Rhubarb (rheum rhabarbarum) Seakale (crambe maritime) Sheep Sorrel (rumex acetosella) *Spearmint (mentha spp) Stinging Nettle (urtica dioica) Sweet Cicely (myrrhis odorata) Tarragon (artemisia dracunculus) Welsh Onion (allium fistulosum) *Yarrow (achillea millefolium) Ground Cover Layer *Candytuft ((iberis sempervirens) *Ceratostigma (ceratostigma plumbaginoides) *Clover (trifolium) Creeping Thyme (thymus spp) *Deadnettle (lamium album) *Geranium (geranium spp) *Sweet Woodruff (galium oderata) *Stawberry (fragaria spp) *Violet (viola spp) Wild Ginger (asarum canadense) Root Layer (includes some annuals) Beet (beta vulgarus)

Burdock (arctium lappa) Carrot (daucus carota) Celeriac (apium graveolens) *Comfrey (symphytum officianale) *W Bleeding Heart (dicentra formosa) Garlic/Shallot (allium spp) Hardy Ginger (zingiber mioga) Horseradish (armoriciaa rusticana) Jerusalem Artichoke (helianthus tuberosus) Onion (allium cepa) Parsnip (pastinaca sativa) Peanut (arachis hypogaea) Poatao (solanum tuberosum) Radish (raphanus sativus) Rutabaga (brassica napus) Turnip (brassica rapa) Wild Yam (dioscorea batata) Yellow Iris (iris pseudacorus) AGRICULUTRAL CROPS Cover Crops Cool Weather Austrian Winter Pea (pisum arvense) Barley (hordeum vulgare) Clover: Alsike (trifolium hybridum) *Clover: Crimson (trifolium incarnatum) *Clover: Red (trifolium spp) Clover: Sweet White (melilotus alba) Clover: Sweet Yellow (melilotus officinalis) *Fava Bean (vicia fava) Mustard (brassica spp) Oats (avena sativa) Rye (secale cereale) *Vetch: Hairy (vicia villosa) Wheat (triticum) Summer Cover Crops Black-Eyed Peas (vigna unguiculata) *Buckwheat (fagopyrum esculentum) *Cowpeas (vigna sinensis) Pinto Beans (phaseolus vulgaris) Perrennial Cover Crops *Alfalfa (medicago sativa) Birds Foot Trefoil (lotus corniculatus)

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Chicory (cichorium intybus) Grains Barley (hordeum vulgare) *Buckwheat (fagopyrum esculentum) Common Millet (panicum milliaceum) Grain Amaranth (amaranthus cruentus) Quinoa (chenopodium quinoa) Sorghum (sorghum bicolor) Pulses and Legumes Adzuki Bean (vigna angularis) Bean (phaseolus vulgaris) Broad Bean (vicia faba) *Chickpea (cicer arietinum) Cowpea (vigna unguiculata) *Garden Pea (pisum sativum) Lentil (lens culinaris) Lima Bean (phaseolus lunatus) Mung Bean (vigna radiata) Peanut (arachis hypogaea) Runner Bean (phaseolus coccineus) Leaf, Stem and Flower Vegetables Asparagus (asparagus officinalis) Bok Choi (brassica rapa) Broccoli (brassica oleracea) Brussel Sprouts (brassica oleracea) Cabbage (brassica oleracea) Cauliflower (brassica oleracea) Celery (apium graveolens) Chicory (cichorium intybus) Collards (brassica oleracea) Cress (lepidum sativum) *Dandelion (taraxacum officinale) Endive (cichorium endiva) Florence Fennel (foeniculum vulgare) Garden Cress (lepidium sativum) Good King Henry (chenopdium bonus-henricum) Kale (brassica oleracea) Kohlrabi (brassica oleracea) Lettuce (lactuca sativa) Malabar Spinach (basella rubra) Mustard Greens (brassica juncea) New Zealand Spinach

Parsley (petroselinum crispum) Purslane (porulaca oleracea) Sorrel (rumex acetosa) Spinach (spinacea oleracea) *Swiss Chard (beta vulgaris) Fruit and Seed Crops (see pulses and legumes for beans, etc) Cucumber (cucumis sativus) Okra (abelmoschus esculentus) Peppers (capsicum annum) Pumpkin (cucurbita maxima) Squash (cucurbita pepo) Sweetcorn (zea mays) Tomatillo (physalis ixocarpa) Tomato (lycopersicon escuelentus) Culinary Herbs Angelica (angelica archangelica) Basil (ocimum basilicum) *Borage (borago officinalis) Caraway (carum carvi) Catmint (nepeta x faassenii) Cayenne Pepper (capsicum annum) Chervil (anthriscus cerefolium) *Chives (allium schoenoprasum) Cilantro (coriandrum sativum) Cumin (cuminum cyminum) Dill (anethum graveolens) *Fennel (foeniculum vulgare) Fenugreek (trigonella foenumgraecum) Garlic (allium sativum) *Italian Parsley (petroselinum crispum) *Lemon Balm (Melissa officinalis) Lovage (levisticum officinale) Marjoram (origanum majorana) *Mint (mentha spp) Onion (allium spp) Oregano (origanum vulgare) *Rosemary (rosmarinus officinalis) Rue (ruta graveolens) Salad Burnet (sanguisorba minor) Sage (slavia officinalis) Summer Savory (satureja hortensis) Tarragon (artemisia dranunculus) Thyme (thymus vulgaris)

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APPENDIX C: Conceptual Design Overlays

Base Map

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Rainwater Harvesting System

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Fruit Trees and Partial Existing Plant List

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APPENDIX D: Rainwater Harvesting Calculations

(see Appendix C: Conceptual Design Overlay -pg 13- for a map of this system) Based in Chico, California with 7 inches rainfall in one month Downspout A: 760sf = 3,132 gallons (152sf area for catchment*) DIVERTED Downspout: 500sf diverted by 2 pipe to Downspout C Downspout C: 950sf = 3915 gallons (190sf) Downspout D: 1290sf = 5,316 gallons (258sf) Downspout E: 341sf = 1,405 gallons (68sf) Downspout B: 516sf = 2,127 gallons (103sf) Formula: Catchment area (sf) x rainfall (f) x runoff coefficient** x 7.48g/cf *Area needed for basins in sandy loam = 20% total sf catchment area **Runoff coefficient for asphalt shingle roof = .95

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APPENDIX E: Calendars

Insectary Calendar of Instant Succession Planting Species

Tree and Vine Harvest Calendar

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APPENDIX F: Bibliography & Resources

Edible Forest Gardens: Ecological Vision and Theory for Temperate Climate Permaculture, Volume I: Vision & Theory, Volume II: Design and Practice. Jacke,
David, with Eric Toensmeier. Chelsea Green, 2005.

1996

Forest Gardening: Cultivating an Edible Landscape. Hart, Robert. Chelsea Green, Gaias Garden: A Guide to Home-Scale Permaculture. Toby Hemenway. Chelsea Introduction to Permaculture. Reny Slay and Bill Mollison. Tagari, 1991 Perennial Vegetables: From Artichokes to Zuiki Taro, A Gardener's Guide to Over 100 Delicious and Easy to Grow Edibles. Eric Toensmeier. Chelsea Green
Publishing, 2007.

Green, 2009

Permaculture: A Designers Manual. Mollison, Bill. Island Press, 1990 Permaculture Two: Practical Design for Town and Country in Permanent Agriculture. Bill Mollison. Tagari Publications, 1979 Rainwater Harvesting for Drylands and Beyond, Vol 1 & 2. Brad Lancaster, 2007 Earth Users Guide to Permaculture. Morrow, Rosemary. Simon & Schuster, 2000 Sepp Holzer's Permaculture, A Practical Guide to Small-Scale Integrative Farming and Gardening. Sepp Holzer. Chelsea Green, 2004
H. Dover, 1977

ABC of Poultry Raising: A Complete Guide for the Beginner or Expert. Florea, J,

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