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Shaft Sizing Load Fatigue Deflection
Shaft Sizing Load Fatigue Deflection
Shaft Sizing Load Fatigue Deflection
Design issues to learn here: Loading: Torque Bending moment Fatigue strength Sizing Deflection Linear Slope at bearings and gears Keys Whirling
T=
T=
63025 h p Na
Power
rpm
(4.41)
(SI units )
Force
P =T /r
radius
M in x-y plane
M in x-z plane
(11.1)
Figure 11.3
(d) M in x-z plane Note: Almost all shaft illustrations in Hamrocks book are unrealistically long. Real-world shafts are designed as short as possible, often with no space between gears and bearings. Advantages of shorter shafts: lower bending moments and stresses Smaller deflections Lower cost.
Stresses
Bending stress (
= Mr/I)
: = : =
32 M
d d
(11.5)
Torsional stress (
Axial stress ( =P/A) :
=
= Tr/J)
16T
3
(11.6)
4P
d 2
Assume stress concentration Kf multiplies the alternating part of bending stress. Assume stress concentration Kfs multiplies the alternating part of torsional stress.
Force equilibrium
A + m + K fs a A cos cos m + K fs a A sin sin + m + K f a A cos sin = 0
Fatigue calculation
yx = x =
16T d 3 32 M d 3
d 3 S y
M + K M + T + 32 K T fs a f a m S m S e e Sy Sy
2 2
(11.34)
(11.35)
(11.36)
d 3 S y
Sy Sy 3 M K M T K T 32 + + + f a m fs a m S Se 4 e
2 2
(11.37)
(11.38)
(11.35)
For a shaft that torques and rotates in only one direction: Mean bending moment Mm = 0. Alternating torsion Ta = 0.
32n s d = S y 3 2 S y 2 K M T + f a m S e
1
(11.35a)
Stress concentration factors Kf and Kfs depend on size Need iteration. factor ks, which depends on size d.
Example 11.4
32n s d = S y S S M m + y K f M a + Tm + y K fs Ta Se Se
2 1 2 3
Example 11.4
Example 11.4
Example 11.4