Professional Documents
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Politik Dan Sukan
Politik Dan Sukan
Definitions (I)
Politics: refers to power and how it is gained and used in social life Globalization: consists of the longterm processes of social change that involve relationships between nationstates and the use of power around the world
Definitions (II)
Power = the ability to influence others and achieve goals even in the face of opposition oppos t on from others Authority = a form of power that comes with a recognized and legitimate status or office in an organization or an established set of relationships
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Illness is related to environmental factors more than worker fitness Competitive sports have few benefits when it comes to productivity Peoples concerns about sport performance may increase demands for health care
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Political leaders use sports to boost their legitimacy in the eyes of citizens
Most citizens see through this strategy when leaders lack legitimacy Leaders like to be pictured with top athletes
Special interests often are primary recipients of economic benefits from major events, although public sponsorship is justified in terms of the common economic good
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Foster cultural understanding and eliminate national stereotypes yp Create a model for international relationships Establish working relationships that might close gaps between wealthy and poor nations
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Replace national uniforms for athletes Revise the opening ceremonies to highlight events, not nations Eliminate national anthems and flags during awards ceremonies
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Eliminate or revise team sports p Eliminate medal counts for nations Add to the games demonstration sports that are native to different cultural regions around the world Use multiple sites for each Olympics
Emphasize global responsibility in media coverage and commercials Provide TV time to human rights groups that work with athletes and sport organizations to promote social justice GOAL: take Olympism seriously and make the Olympics more than a global marketing opportunity for corporations and a global stage for wealthy nations to promote their ideologies
The Olympics and other international sport events are showcases for transnational corporations their products corporations, products, and the ideology of consumerism Corporations pay billions to sponsor global sports so they might develop global outposts in peoples heads Corporate images tied to sports do not determine what people will think, but they influence what people will think about
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Figure 13.1
Raises issues of international labor exploitation and the need for international labor rights efforts such as the Nike transnational advocacy network
As the meaning , organization, and purpose of sports have changed around the world, there is a need to ask many new questions about sports as social i l phenomena h The most helpful research on the realities of global trends has presented data from both global and local levels This helps us understand local expressions of and responses to global processes
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Politics in Sports
Political processes in sports revolve around these issues:
nWhat Wh t qualifies lifi as a sport? p t? oWhat are the rules of sport? pWho makes & enforces rules? qWho organizes & controls events?
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Figure 13.2 Bribes and scandals occurred in the bidding process to host the 2002 Olympic Games
Politics in Sports
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rWhere will events take place? sWho is eligible to participate tHow are rewards distributed? Conclusion politics and political Conclusion: processes are integral parts of organized sports; our goal is to make them fair and just.