I: Country/Economy Profiles

172

Finland
Key indicators
Population (millions)..............................................................................................................5.7
GDP (US$ billions)...............................................................................................................247.2
GDP per capita, PPP$..................................................................................................... 36,458.5
Income group...........................................................................................................High income
Region.............................................................................................................................. Europe

Score (0100)
or value (hard data) Rank

Global Innovation Index (out of 142).................................. 59.5 6

Innovation Output Sub-Index...................................................................................52.4 8
Innovation Input Sub-Index......................................................................................66.7 6
Innovation Efficiency Ratio.........................................................................................0.8 67
Global Innovation Index 2012 (based on GII 2012 framework).................................61.8 4

1 Institutions.....................................................95.3 2
l
1.1
1.1.1
1.1.2
1.1.3

Political environment...........................................................................97.9 1
l
Political stability*.................................................................................100.0 1
l
Government effectiveness*..........................................................100.0 1
l
Press freedom*.........................................................................................93.6 1
l

1.2
1.2.1
1.2.2
1.2.3

Regulatory environment...................................................................96.8 6
Regulatory quality*...............................................................................95.9 9
Rule of law*.............................................................................................100.0 1
l
Cost of redundancy dismissal, salary weeks.........................10.1 39

1.3
1.3.1
1.3.2
1.3.3

Business environment.........................................................................91.2 8
Ease of starting a business*.............................................................93.2 15
Ease of resolving insolvency*.........................................................95.1 5
Ease of paying taxes*...........................................................................85.3 21

Human capital & research...........................67.4 1

l

2.1 Education....................................................................................................73.0 5
2.1.1 Current expenditure on education, % GNI...............................6.3 17
2.1.2 Public expenditure/pupil, % GDP/cap......................................29.6 8
2.1.3 School life expectancy, years..........................................................16.9 9
2.1.4 PISA scales in reading, maths, & science..............................543.5 3
2.1.5 Pupil-teacher ratio, secondary..........................................................9.6 20
2.2
2.2.1
2.2.2
2.2.3
2.2.4

Tertiary education..................................................................................55.0 10
Tertiary enrolment, % gross.............................................................93.7 3
l
Graduates in science & engineering, %...................................31.8 9
Tertiary inbound mobility, %..............................................................4.6 34
Gross tertiary outbound enrolment, %.......................................2.3 46

2.3
2.3.1
2.3.2
2.3.3

Research & development (R&D)...................................................74.2 4

l
Researchers, headcounts/mn pop.................................... 10,655.8 2
l
Gross expenditure on R&D, % GDP................................................3.8 2
l
QS university ranking, average score top 3*.........................55.0 18

3 Infrastructure................................................57.5 7

THE GLOBAL INNOVATION INDEX 2013

3.1
Information & communication technologies (ICTs).........74.2 12
3.1.1 ICT access*..................................................................................................77.4 17
3.1.2 ICT use*........................................................................................................57.6 17
3.1.3 Governments online service*........................................................88.2 7
3.1.4 E-participation*.......................................................................................73.7 11
3.2
3.2.1
3.2.2
3.2.3
3.2.4

General infrastructure..........................................................................54.1 4
l
Electricity output, kWh/cap................................................... 13,721.3 8
Electricity consumption, kWh/cap.................................... 15,795.3 4
Logistics performance*......................................................................76.3 3
l
Gross capital formation, % GDP....................................................20.3 87

3.3
3.3.1
3.3.2
3.3.3

Ecological sustainability.....................................................................44.2 23
GDP/unit of energy use, 2000 PPP$/kg oil eq........................5.1 82
Environmental performance*........................................................64.4 19
ISO 14001 environmental certificates/bn PPP$ GDP.........6.0 20

Market sophistication..................................63.2 19

4.1 Credit..............................................................................................................60.1 27
4.1.1 Ease of getting credit*........................................................................75.0 38
4.1.2 Domestic credit to private sector, % GDP..............................96.7 33
4.1.3 Microfinance gross loans, % GDP..................................................n/a n/a

4.2 Investment.................................................................................................52.4 14
4.2.1 Ease of protecting investors*..........................................................58.1 60
4.2.2 Market capitalization, % GDP.........................................................54.4 34
4.2.3 Total value of stocks traded, % GDP...........................................66.3 16
4.2.4 Venture capital deals/tr PPP$ GDP.................................................0.2 8
4.3
4.3.1
4.3.2
4.3.3

Trade & competition............................................................................77.1 66

Applied tariff rate, weighted mean, %.........................................1.6 11
Non-agricultural mkt access weighted tariff, %.....................2.3 102
Intensity of local competition.....................................................64.5 68

Business sophistication...............................50.0 14

5.1
5.1.1
5.1.2
5.1.3
5.1.4
5.1.5
5.1.6

Knowledge workers..............................................................................71.7 7
Knowledge-intensive employment, %.....................................35.1 19
Firms offering formal training, % firms.......................................n/a n/a
R&D performed by business, % GDP............................................2.7 3
R&D financed by business, %.........................................................67.0 6
GMAT mean score...............................................................................517.1 61
GMAT test takers/mn pop. 2034.............................................250.9 25

5.2
5.2.1
5.2.2
5.2.3
5.2.4
5.2.5

Innovation linkages..............................................................................50.6 10
University/industry research collaboration.........................76.7 4
State of cluster development......................................................71.1 1
l
R&D financed by abroad, %................................................................6.5 51
JVstrategic alliance deals/tr PPP$ GDP.....................................0.1 23
Patent families filed in 3+ offices/bn PPP$ GDP...................5.4 3
l

5.3
5.3.1
5.3.2
5.3.3
5.3.4

Knowledge absorption.......................................................................27.6 65
Royalty & license fees payments, % service imports..........3.4 43
High-tech imports less re-imports, %.......................................10.0 49
Comm., computer & info. services imports, %........................8.8 17
FDI net inflows, % GDP.......................................................................2.2 141

Knowledge & technology outputs............50.8 9

6.1
6.1.1
6.1.2
6.1.3
6.1.4
6.1.5

Knowledge creation.............................................................................53.0 10
Domestic resident patent ap/bn PPP$ GDP.........................16.6 6
PCT resident patent ap/bn PPP$ GDP......................................11.9 2
l
Domestic res utility model ap/bn PPP$ GDP..........................2.4 16
Scientific & technical articles/bn PPP$ GDP..........................52.1 8
Citable documents H index..........................................................352.0 18

6.2
6.2.1
6.2.2
6.2.3
6.2.4
6.2.5

Knowledge impact................................................................................45.3 32
Growth rate of PPP$ GDP/worker, %............................................2.0 58
New businesses/th pop. 1564........................................................3.6 33
Computer software spending, % GDP.........................................0.6 17
ISO 9001 quality certificates/bn PPP$ GDP...........................11.7 43
High- & medium-high-tech manufactures, %.....................41.3 19

6.3
6.3.1
6.3.2
6.3.3
6.3.4

Knowledge diffusion............................................................................55.3 6
Royalty & license fees receipts, % service exports............11.1 7
High-tech exports less re-exports, %...........................................7.5 29
Comm., computer & info. services exports, %.....................23.9 10
FDI net outflows, % GDP......................................................................2.0 30

Creative outputs...........................................53.9 15

7.1
7.1.1
7.1.2
7.1.3
7.1.4

Intangible assets.....................................................................................55.0 23
Domestic res trademark reg/bn PPP$ GDP...........................57.1 31
Madrid trademark registrations/bn PPP$ GDP.......................1.9 17
ICT & business model creation...................................................81.4 1
l
ICT & organizational model creation.......................................75.9 2
l

7.2
7.2.1
7.2.2
7.2.3
7.2.4
7.2.5

Creative goods & services.................................................................41.3 48

Audio-visual & related services exports, %...............................0.0 66
National feature films/mn pop. 1569.....................................11.0 11
Paid-for dailies, circulation, % pop. 1569..............................49.9 4
l
Printing & publishing manufactures, %......................................1.6 61
Creative goods exports, %...................................................................1.1 50

7.3
7.3.1
7.3.2
7.3.3
7.3.4

Online creativity......................................................................................64.3 17
Generic top-level domains (TLDs)/th pop. 1569.............25.1 30
Country-code TLDs/th pop. 1569.............................................60.3 20
Wikipedia monthly edits/mn pop. 1569..................... 13,874.5 5
Video uploads on YouTube/pop. 1569..................................91.1 5

Note: l indicates a strength; a weakness; * an index; a survey question.