Set Theory and Relations 5

Set theory
1.

Set theory
1 6 11 16 21 26 31 36 41 46 51 56 61 66 71 76 81 d b c d c b b a b a c a d a c a d 2 7 12 17 22 27 32 37 42 47 52 57 62 67 72 77 b a b a c d c b b a b a a b c b 3 8 13 18 23 28 33 38 43 48 53 58 63 68 73 78 a d c b a,b b b a c c a d a c a c 4 9 14 19 24 29 34 39 44 49 54 59 64 69 74 79 c c b c d a b a a c d c b a d d 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 c b c b b b a c d c c b b e d b

(d) Since, intelligency is not defined for students in a class i.e., Not a well defined collection. (b) Since x2 + 1 = 0, gives x2 = 1 x is not real but x is real (given)

2.

x = i

No value of x is possible.
x = 4

3.

(a) x 2 = 16

4. 5. 6. 7. 8.

2x = 6 x = 3 There is no value of x which satisfies both the above equations. Thus, A = . (c) Number of subsets of
A =nC0 +nC1 + ......... +nCn = 2n .
(c) Number of proper subsets of the set {1, 2, 3) = 23 2 = 6 .

4} , A (B C) = {1, 2, 3, (b) B C = { 4}. (a) A B A . Hence A (A B) = A .

(d) A (A B)c = A (Ac Bc ) =

(A Ac) (A Bc )

(A B ) = A B .
c c

9.

(c) Since

y=

1 x

, y = x

meet when x =

Relations
1 6 11 16 21 26 31 36 41 46 51 56 a a b c d b c c d
b,c,d

1 x

2 7 12 17 22 27 32 37 42 47 52

a,b,c

3 8 13 18 23 28 33 38 43 48 53

c b b a c b c b d b c

4 9 14 19 24 29 34 39 44 49 54

b b c a a a c a c d d

5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55

b a d d a b bc c b
a,b,c,d

of x. Hence, A B = . 10.

x2 = 1 , which does not give any real value

b a c c a,b b b d c b

] (b) A =[x : x R, 1 < x <1

B = [x : x R : x 1 1 or x 1 1 ]
= [x : x R : x 0 or x 2]
[x : x R,1 x < 2] .

A B = R D ,

where

11.

(c) Since, y = ex and

y = x do not meet for any

x R
12.

A B = .

c a

(b) Since, 4n 3n 1 = (3 + 1 )n 3n 1

= 3n +nC1 3n1 +nC 2 3n2 + .....+nCn1 3 +nCn 3n 1

Critical Thinking Questions

1 6 11 a a d 2 7 12 b c d 3 8 13 b c a 4 9 14 d c a 5 10 15 b a d

=n C 2 32 +n C 3 .33 + ... +nCn 3n ,

n n (n C 0 = Cn , nC1 = Cn 1 etc.)

= 9[nC2 +nC3(3) + .....+nCn 3n1]

4n 3n 1

is a multiple of 9 for

n 2.

, 4n 3n 1 = For n =1
For n = 2, 4n 3n 1 =

4 31= 0,
16 6 1 = 9

6 Set Theory and Relations

n N

4n 3n 1

is a multiple of 9 for all

X contains elements, which are multiples of 9, and clearly Y contains all multiples of 9. X Y i.e., X Y = Y .
n(A
c

13.

(c)

B )

(U) n(A B) = n[(A B)c] = n

(U) [n(A) + n(B) n(A B)] = n

= 700 [200 + 300 100] = 300.