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    This document discusses different methods of sterilization and disinfection used in microbiology. It outlines four main sterilization methods: heat (dry heat and moist heat using an autoclave), radiation (ultraviolet and ionizing), filtration, and chemicals. Heat sterilization involves exposing items to high temperatures either dry or using steam under pressure in an autoclave. Radiation uses ultraviolet light or ionizing radiation like x-rays. Filtration passes fluids through small pore filters to remove bacteria. Chemicals like formaldehyde and glutaraldehyde can kill bacterial spores under controlled conditions. The document also defines disinfection as reducing pathogens that could cause infection, rather than eliminating all microbes. Common disinfect

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    This document discusses different methods of sterilization and disinfection used in microbiology. It outlines four main sterilization methods: heat (dry heat and moist heat using an autoclave), radiation (ultraviolet and ionizing), filtration, and chemicals. Heat sterilization involves exposing items to high temperatures either dry or using steam under pressure in an autoclave. Radiation uses ultraviolet light or ionizing radiation like x-rays. Filtration passes fluids through small pore filters to remove bacteria. Chemicals like formaldehyde and glutaraldehyde can kill bacterial spores under controlled conditions. The document also defines disinfection as reducing pathogens that could cause infection, rather than eliminating all microbes. Common disinfect

    Copyright:

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    45 views3 pages

    Lab 2

    Uploaded by

    palupo8708
    This document discusses different methods of sterilization and disinfection used in microbiology. It outlines four main sterilization methods: heat (dry heat and moist heat using an autoclave), radiation (ultraviolet and ionizing), filtration, and chemicals. Heat sterilization involves exposing items to high temperatures either dry or using steam under pressure in an autoclave. Radiation uses ultraviolet light or ionizing radiation like x-rays. Filtration passes fluids through small pore filters to remove bacteria. Chemicals like formaldehyde and glutaraldehyde can kill bacterial spores under controlled conditions. The document also defines disinfection as reducing pathogens that could cause infection, rather than eliminating all microbes. Common disinfect

    Copyright:

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    of 3

    LAB.

    TWO
    SterilizationandDisinfection
    Sterilizationmeansthefreeingofanarticlefromall livingorganismsincludingviruses,bacteria,andtheir sporesbothpathogenicandnonpathogenic. Sterilizationisrequiredforculturemedia,suspending fluids,reagents,containersandequipmentusedin microbiology. Itisalsorequiredformedicalandsurgicalinstruments andmaterialsusedinproceduresthatinvolvepenetration intotheblood,tissues,andothernormallysterilepartsof thebody. Fourmainmethodsareusedforsterilization: 1Heat: Sterilizationbydryheat a)Redheat:Inoculatingwires,pointsofforceps,are sterilizedbyholdingthemintheflameofaBunsenburner untiltheyareseentoberedhot. b)Flaming:Directexposureforafewsecondsonagas orspiritflammaybeusedforsterilizingscalpelsand needles. c)Hotair(Ovensterilizer):Itisthemainmeansof sterilizationbydryheat,Thehotairovenisusedfor sterilizingdryglasswareForceps,Scalpels,Scissors throatswabsandglasssyringesItisalsousedfor sterilizingdrymaterialinsealedcontainers,andpowders ,fats,oilsandgreaseswhichareimpermeableto o moisture.Thesterilizationholdtimeis160C for 2hr,170 o o C for1hror180C for 30min. d.Infraredradiation. Sterilizationbymoistheat: o a.temperaturelessthan100C .

    o b.temperatureat100C . o c.temperatureabove100C (autoclave). whenwaterisboiledwithinaclosedvesselatincreased pressures,thetemperatureatwhichitboils,andofthe o steamitforms,willriseabove100C . Timeandtemperaturerequiredforsterilizationinthe autoclave. o Tem.(s)(C )Press.aboveholdTime atoms.(bar)min

    121124 134138

    1.1 2.2

    15 3

    2.Sterilizationbyradiation: Ultravioletradiation. Ionizingradiation:suchas(Xrays)and(gammarays) . 3.SterilizationbyFiltration: Bacterialculturesandotherfluidfreefrombacteriaby passingthemthroughspecialfilterswithaporesizeof lessthan0.75m. 4.Chemicaldisinfection:onlyafewofthemoretoxic andirritantdisinfectants,e.g.(Formaldehyde, glutaraldehyde)arecapableofkillingbacterialend spores,undercarefullycontrolledconditionoftemperature ,moisture,etc. *Disinfection:meansthefreeingofanarticlefromsome orallpathogenicmicroorganismswhichmightcause infectionduringitisuse. Thepathogens,thatmightbepresentonthehospitals articlesandbecapableofcausinginfectionincludenone thatformspores,Itisusefultodisinfectthesearticlesby procedureslethalonlytovegetativeorganisms.

    *Antiseptics:thistermreferstothedisinfectantswhich arenontoxicforsuperficialapplicationtolivingtissues. Someofdisinfectant 1Thephenolgroup: a)PhenolandLysol:tootoxicandirritantmaterial b)ChlorophenolsandChloroxylenolesas(Cycloneand Dettol) (lesstoxicandirritant) c)Chlorhexidine(Hibitane)nontoxicforgeneraluse 2.TheHalogens a)chlorine:treatmentofwatersupplies b)Iodine:Iodine2%in70%isopropylalcoholispowerful ,rapidskindisinfectantsandisvaluableforpreparationof theskinforsurgery. 3.volatilesolvents: a)acetone b)chlorophorm 4.soapanddetergents.

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