Mathematics F5 Graphs of Functions II

Chapter 2 :

Chapter 2: Graphs of Functions II

2.1 Basic skills A. Insert brackets to x for each of the following. x=1x = 1 x= 2

x2 = 1 x2 = 3x2 = 3 x2 =

5x3 = 5 x3 = -6x = 6 x =

B. Simplify the following using a calculator. 12(2)= -12(3)= 1(4)2= 4(1.5)= -1(0.5)= 2(1.5)2= 5(-1)= -3(-4)= 6(-1)2= 3(-0.5)= -8(-1.5)= 4(-1.5)2= C. Complete the following tables. y =2x2 + 5x 1 x 1 y y =x3 -12x + 10 x -1 -2 y

x 1 3 4

y=2x2 + 5x 1 =2(x)2 + 5(x) 1

x -1 -2 3

y= x3 -12x + 10 = (x)3 -12(x) + 10

y = x y 1449

6 x

y = 2x - x2 -1 4 1 rlcy08

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Mathematics F5 Graphs of Functions II

Chapter 2 : x y 1 2.5 3

y=

6 6 = ( x) x

-3 -1 4 x 1 2.5 3 y= 2x - x2 = 2(x) (x)2

2.2 Curve Sketching Steps involved in curve sketching: a) Determine the shape of the graph b) Find the y-intercept by substituting x = 0 into the given function c) Find the x intercept by substituting y = 0 into the given function. d) Plot the y-intercept and x intercept on y-axis and x- axis. e) Draw a straight line(using ruler) or a curve through the intercepts. Act 1: Sketch the graph for each of the following functions a) y = 2x - 6 b) y = x + 4 x 0 y 0

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Mathematics F5 Graphs of Functions II

x y

0 0

Chapter 2 :

c)

y = x2 - 16

d) y = -x2 + 9

e) y = x3 - 8

f) y =

8 x

g) y =

20 x

2.3

Solving Equation Graphically A) Intersection of two graphs Ex 1:

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Mathematics F5 Graphs of Functions II

Chapter 2 :

Ex 2:

Ex 3: Complete the tables below.

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Mathematics F5 Graphs of Functions II

Chapter 2 :

B) Solving equation graphically Ex 4:

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Mathematics F5 Graphs of Functions II

Chapter 2 :

Ex: 5 Find the solution of the equation x2 - 6x + 3 = 7 by graphical method. Solution: 1449 6 rlcy08

Mathematics F5 Chapter 2 : Graphs of Functions II Draw the graphs of functions y = x2 - 6x + 3 for -1 x 7 and y = 7 on the same axes. y = x2 - 6x + 3 x y -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

From the graph, x =________ and _________

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Mathematics F5 Graphs of Functions II

Chapter 2 :

2.4 1449

Region Representing Inequalities in Two Variables 8 rlcy08

Mathematics F5 Graphs of Functions II A Determining whether a given point satisfies y = ax + b , y > ax + b or y < ax + b Example 7 1.Determine whether the following points satisfy y = 2x -7 or y > 2x -7 or y < 2x -7 a) (4, 2) b) (-3, -13) c) (2, -6)

Chapter 2 :

2. Determine whether each of the following points satisfies y = 2x -5 or y > 2x -5 or y < 2x -5 a) (4, 2) b) (6, 7) c) (-3, 12)

B Position of a point relative to the graph of y = ax + b Mission 6 :To investigate the position of given point relative to the graph y= ax + b 1) Plot the graph of y = 2x + 3 using Geometers Sketchpad below. y

2) Based on the graph drawn, copy and complete the following table

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Mathematics F5 Graphs of Functions II Point y 2x + 3 y <2x + 3

Chapter 2 : y = 2x + 3 y > 2x + 3 Below the line? On the line ? Above the line?

(1,5) (1,0) (0,4) (-4,1) (3,9) (-1,4) (3,2) (-1,1) (0,-2) 3) From the activity, we can conclude that: i) ii) iii) C Identify the region satisfying satisfies y = ax + b , y > ax + b or y < ax + b Example 8 1.For each of the following graph, determine whether the shaded region satisfies a) y >3x + 4 or y <3x + 4 b) y >
1 1 x + 2 or y < x + 2 2 2

2. In the diagram , the line y =3x -2 divides the Cartesian plane into regions P and Q. Determine the region which satisfies a) y >3x 2

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Mathematics F5 Graphs of Functions II b) y < 3x - 2

Chapter 2 :

D Shading the region representing the given inequality Linear inequality in one variable

Type of line to be drawn on graph depends on the inequality symbol. Symbol Type of line < or > Dashed line ------------- or Solid line To shade the region representing an inequality, follow the steps below. a) Draw the graph y = ax + b i) For y > ax + b or y < ax + b draw a dashed line for y = ax + b ii) For y ax + b or y ax + b draw a dashed line for y = ax + b b) Choose any point not on the line. You may use (0,0) . c) Determine whether the point satisfies the given inequality. i) if yes, shade the region that contain the point ii) if not, shade the region on the other side of the line.

Example 9 a) Draw the line y = 2x + 4 for domain -4 x 2. Then shade the region that satisfies y > 2x + 4.

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Mathematics F5 Graphs of Functions II

Chapter 2 :

b) Draw the line y =

x 2. Then shade the region that satisfies

5 x + 3 for the domain -4 2

5 x+3 2

E Determining region which satisfies two or more simultaneous linear inequalities Example 10 1. Shade the region that satisfies the inequalities a) y <
1 x + 1 and y 4

1 x +1 4

b) y = -x and y < x 6

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Mathematics F5 Graphs of Functions II

Chapter 2 :

c) x < y 3, y 5 x and x 0

d) x + y 3, y < 3 and x 2

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Mathematics F5 Graphs of Functions II

Chapter 2 :

Example 11 1. Write down the inequalities which satisfy the shaded region in each diagram.

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Mathematics F5 Graphs of Functions II

Chapter 2 :

End of chapter

Example 9 Draw and shade each of the inequalities using y > ax + b or y < ax + b a graph.

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Mathematics F5 Graphs of Functions II

Chapter 2 :

2.5

Drawing graphs

5.2.2 Calculate the gradient of a straight line Ex 3: Calculate the gradient of each of the following lines

Ex 4 : Find p, given that 1449 16 rlcy08

Mathematics F5 Graphs of Functions II a) A(1, 0) , B (5, p) and the gradient of AB = (p=3)

3 4

Chapter 2 :
1 2

b) G (p, 2), H (1,5) and the gradient of GH = (p=7)

Exercise 5.2A pg 122 textbook Question 2 and 4 5.2.3 Relating value of the gradient with steepness and direction of inclination of a straight line y

x
o

A line that is inclined upward to the right has a positive gradient. A line that is inclined downwards to the right has a negative gradient.

Ex 5

Ex 6

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Mathematics F5 Graphs of Functions II

Chapter 2 :

Line Direction of inclination Gradient

a) i) ii) b)

Exercise 5.2B pg 124-125 textbook Question 3 and 4 Ex 7: Ex 8:

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Mathematics F5 Chapter 2 : Graphs of Functions II 1.1. Intercepts The intercept of a straight line is the x-coordinate of the point where the line cuts the x-axis The intercept of a straight line is the y-coordinate of the point where the line cuts the y-axis The x-intercept of the line is 4

The y-intercept of the line is -3

5.3.1 Determine the x-intercept and the y-intercept and the y-intercept of a straight line. Ex 9: State the x-intercept and y-intercept of the lines below. a) y b) y (0,6) c) (0,-2) x
(3,0)

y (4,0) x

(0,3)

x (-5,0) x-intercept= y-intercept=

y x-intercept= y-intercept= x-intercept= y-intercept= l3l1Oxl2 Exercise 5.3A pg 127 textbook Question 1 and 2 LineGradient=x-intercepty-interceptl1l2l3 5.3.2 Formula of gradient using intercepts

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Mathematics F5 Graphs of Functions II

Chapter 2 :

Gradient of a line, m= ( x int ercept ) Ex 10: Calculate the gradient of the following lines. a) y
(2, 0)

y int ercept

b)
(0,9)

c)(0,4) , (6,0)

(0,-5) (-12,0)

m=

m=

Exercise 5.3A pg 127 textbook Question 3 5.3.3 Calculations involving gradient and intercepts From gradient, m= ( x int ercept ) Then, y-intercept = -(m x x-intercept) x-intercept = Ex 11 :
y int ercept m
y int ercept

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Mathematics F5 Graphs of Functions II a) Find the x-intercept or the yintercept, given i)gradient =
5 , x-intercept = 4 2

Chapter 2 : b)Calculate x-intercept or yintercept, given the gradient,m. y i) 4 m=

2 5

c) A

B(5,2)

ii)gradient = 2,

y-intercept =8 O x
y ii)

iii)gradient =-2, y-intercept=-6

x C 0 Based on the graph given, determine a) gradient of the straight line BOC x b) y-intercept of the straight line AB, given the gradient of AB is -3

-8

O
1 2

iv) gradient =-4 x-intercept=-3 m= -

Exercise 5.3B pg 128 textbook Question 1,2 and 3 1.2. Equation of a Straight Line 5.4.1 Drawing the graph of equation y=mx + c Steps to draw graph of equation y=mx + c
On your graph paper, draw x-axis and y-axis. Spot two points.Try to use intercepts/ You may draw a table to find the points. Now, plot the points. Join the points with a straight line

Ex 12: a)Draw a graph for y = x + 4 graph y = 3x - 6

b)Draw a graph for y =-x 2

c)Draw a

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Mathematics F5 Graphs of Functions II

Chapter 2 :

Exercise 5.4A pg 132 textbook Question 1 b , d and f 5.4.2 Determine whether a point lies on a straight line To determine whether a point ( a, b ) lies on the line y = mx + c :
Substitute x-coordinate and y-coordinate of the point into the equation If the equation is satisfied, LHS = RHS, then the point lies on the line. If the equation is not satisfied, LHSRHS, then the point does not lie on the line.

Ex 13: Determine whether the given point lies on line y = 3x 2 a)P (1,1) b)Q(-2,-3)

c)R(-4,-14)

Exercise 5.4A pg 132 textbook Question 2 a, c and e 5.4.3 Writing the equation of a straight line Substitute the given gradient and y-intercept into the equation y = mx + c The equation of a straight line can be written in the form of: y = mx + c
gradient y-intercept

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Mathematics F5 Graphs of Functions II Write equation of the straight line, given a) m = 3, c=2 c=0 b) m=-3, c=-4 c) m=
1 , c = -2 2

Chapter 2 :

d) m=2,

Ex 15: Write the equation of the straight line that passes through the given pairs of points below. a) (0,3) and (2, 9) b)(2,7) and (4, -3) c) y
(0,6) X (2,0)

Exercise 5.4A pg 132 textbook Question 3 a, b and c , Question 4 5.4.4 Determining the gradient and y-intercept of a straight line The equation of a straight line can be written in the form of y = mx + c, m is the gradient and c is the y-intercept ax + by = c a, b and c are constants When the equation is written in the form of ax + by= c, change it to the form of y = mx + c , then identify the gradient and y-intercept. Ex 16: Find the gradient and y-intercept of each of the following straight lines. a)y=1-4x b)y=2x + 6 c) 4x + 3y = 12

d)6x + 3y = -2

Exercise 5.4B pg 135 textbook Question 1 a, d, g and j 5.4.5 Finding the equation of a straight line a)Equation that is parallel to the b)Equation that is paralel to yc)Equation that passes through a x-axis, axis given point and has a specific For a line parallel to the x- For a line parallel to the y- gradient to find c, substitute the axis where the y-intercept axis where the y-intercept coordinate of given point into is k, the equation is y = is h, the equation is y = equation . k. h. Write the equation as y=mx + c y K y R Ex 17: y
M N

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Mathematics F5 Graphs of Functions II 3 x x

P Q

Chapter 2 :
Q

x
2 P S
In the diagram, the gradient of PQ is

-2 -5
L

i) y-intercept of MN is 3, equation MN is y=3 ii) y-intercept of PQ is -5, equation PQ is y=-5

i) y-intercept of KL is -2, equation KL is x=-2 ii) y-intercept of RS is 8, equation RS is x=8

3 . Find the equation of PQ. 2

d) Equation that passes through two given points Find the gradient of the straight line by using the two given points To find c,Substitute coordinates of any one of the two points and the gradient into y=mx + c Write the equation in y=mx + c Ex 19:Find the equation of the line which passes through (-4, 7 ) and gradient = -2

Ex 18:Find the equation of a straight line which

passes through (4,-1) and (6,-9).

Ex 20: Find the equation of the line which passes through (-1,3) and (-3,9)

Exercise 5.4B pg 135 textbook Question3 a, b; 4a, b; 5d, f 5.4.6 The point of intersection of two straight lines y point of The point of intersection of two straight lines can be
intersection

determined by: a) drawing the two lines on the same axes b) solving simultaneous equations.

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Mathematics F5 Graphs of Functions II

Chapter 2 :

Ex:21 Find the point of intersection of the given two straight lines by solving the simultaneous equations. a)
Solution:

y = 2x + 1 x+y=7 x y

b)

2y = 4x- 7,

4y = 12x = -9

Solution:

x y x y

x y

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Mathematics F5 Graphs of Functions II

Chapter 2 :

Exercise 5.4C pg 137 textbook Question 2 a, c and e 1.3. Parallel Lines 5.5.1 Verifying two parallel lines 5.5.2 Determining whether two straight lines are parallel Two parallel lines have the same gradient same as two lines that have the same gradient are parallel. To determine whether two straight lines are parallel, Arrange the two given equations, if necessary, in the form y=mx + c If both m are same, conclude that the two straight lines are parallel. If both m are not same, conclude that the two straight lines are not parallel. Ex 22: Determine whether the given lines are parallel. a) y=3x + 5 b) 3x-4y =12 y=3x 10 8y-6x = 5

c)2y = 6x + 7 y + 5x = 8

Ex 23:Find the value of m if the lines given are parallel. a) 3x + y = 6 is parallel to x + my = 12 b) 2x + y = 5 is parallel to y = mx + 8

Exercise 5.5A pg 140 textbook Question 2a, c and 3 a, c 5.5.3 Finding the equation of the parallel line To find the equation of a straight line,l which passes through a point (h,k) and is parallel to the other line, Find the gradient of the other parallel line Substitute (h,k) and gradient into y = mx + c and find c. Write the equation of the line l as y = mx + c with gradient and c as step above .

Ex 24:Find the equation of the straight line which passes through a) (1, 4) and is parallel to the line b)(0,-3) and is parallel to the line c)(3, 4) and is parallel to the line 1449 26 rlcy08

Mathematics F5 Graphs of Functions II y= 3x -11

Chapter 2 : 2x + y 5 =0 4y 2x = 3

Exercise 5.5A pg 140 textbook Question 4a and b 5.5.4 Solving problems Ex 25 : Ex 26 :

Ex 27 :

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Mathematics F5 Graphs of Functions II

Chapter 2 :

Exercise 5.5B pg 143 textbook Question 1 and 3 Assessment Corner :Objective questions 1 to 5 Subjective questions 3 and 4

End of chapter 5

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