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Strength and Toughness of Steel Fiber Reinforced Self Compacting Concrete.
Strength and Toughness of Steel Fiber Reinforced Self Compacting Concrete.
Strength and Toughness of Steel Fiber Reinforced Self Compacting Concrete.
ABSTRACT. Self-compacting concrete [1] (SCC) offers several economic and technical benefits; the use of steel fibers extends its possibilities. Steel fibers acts as a bridge to retard their cracks propagation, and improve several characteristics and properties of the concrete. Fibers are known to significantly affect the workability of concrete, but to compensate the effect of workability, dosage of super-plasticizer was increased. . Therefore, an investigation was performed to compare the properties of plain normal self-compacting concrete and SCC with steel fiber. SCC was developed in Japan [2, 3] in the late 1980s to be mainly used for highly congested reinforced structures in seismic regions. The main motive was to compare the strength & toughness aspects between normal SCC and the fiber reinforced SCC. Fiber content was varied from .35 to 1 percent by weight of cement. The dosage of viscosity modifying agent (VMA) was varied from .1 to .2% by weight of cement. The workability was measured with slump-flow test, L-Box test and V-funnel test. The ductility/toughness of concrete was found to increase in fibre-reinforced concrete as observed from load-deflection study. The results indicated that high-volume of fly ash can be used to produce Steel fiber reinforced selfcompacting concrete (SFR-SCC), even though there is some increase in the concrete strength because of the use of steel fiber and high-volume of fly ash. Keywords: Toughness, Workability, Volume fraction of Fibers, Split Tensile Strength, Viscosity modifying agents, Super-Plasticizer.
Pankaj Singla, Puneet Jain, Sahil Jain, Supreet Sethi, Piyush Bansal, Anish Ohri are final year students of B Tech in Civil Engineering of DAV Institute of Engineering & Technology, Jalandhar, Punjab in India. Dr Sanjay Goel is Assistant Professor at DAV Institute of Engineering & Technology, Jalandhar, Punjab in India. His research interest is fatigue behaviour of fibre reinforced concrete, self compacting concrete.
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INTRODUCTION
Cement concrete is the most extensively used construction material in the world. The reason for its extensive use is that it provides good workability and can be moulded in any shape. In this modern age, civil engineering constructions have their own structural and durability requirements, every structure are intended to meet this purpose and hence modification in the conventional concrete has become mandatory. The proclivity of present engineers is to target the existing problems associated with concrete and with meagre resources, so as to define the new standards and methods. Fibre reinforced concrete (FRC) is defined as concrete made with cement containing fine and coarse aggregate and corrugated steel fibers. In FRC, thousands of small fibers are dispersed and distributed randomly in concrete during mixing and thus improves concrete properties. Consequently, it improves tensile and compressive strength, energy absorbing capacity and ductility of concrete. Tests have shown that use of .25-1% steel fibers by weight of cement can produce concrete with better performance characteristics. The present work deals with experimental research of M25 grade Self-Compacting Concrete (SCC) with corrugated steel fibers of 1mm diameter and 30mm length at different fiber volume fractions as mentioned above. The dosage of super-plasticizer (Glenium-51) was varied from 1 to 1.6% by weight of cement and that of viscosity modifying agent [4] (VMA) was varied from .1 to .2% by weight of cement. The effect of steel fibers on the properties of fresh and hardened concrete was investigated and results obtained are presented.
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S. No. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.
PR ROPERTIES S ype Ty Pa article Size Colour D Density Blains Value pecific Grav vity Sp : Class sF : 1-100 0 : Greyi ish : 2200 0-2400 kg/m m3 : 3500-5000 cm2/g gm : 2.102 2
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Split Tensile Strength Test The test was carried out on cylinder by splitting them along the middle plane parallel to the edges by applying the compressive load to the opposite edges. Split tensile strength test [8] was tested after 28 days of curing. The results are shown in table 4. = 2P/3.14DL Where, = Tensile Strength, MPa P = Load at failure, kN L = Length of cylinder, mm and D = Diameter of cylinder, mm Table 4 Split Tensile Strength MIX SCC SFR-SCC .35 SFR-SCC .70 SFR-SCC 1.0 28 DAYS (N/mm2) 1.40 1.58 2.21 2.42
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Flexural Strength Test Flexural strengths [9, 10] tests were performed on beam specimens according to IS 516:1959. Standard beams of size 500 mm x 100mm x 100 mm were subjected to two pints loading till failure of specimen. It was performed after 28 days of curing on a flexural testing machine of capacity 25kN. The results are shown in table 5. To obtain load-displacement graphs some beam samples were also tested on a 100 kN capacity servo-controlled computerized flexural testing machine and is calculate by using formula: Where, = Flexural strength, MPa P = Load at failure, N Table 5 Flexural Strength MIX SCC SFR-SCC .35 SFR-SCC .70 SFR-SCC 1.0 28 DAYS (N/mm2) 3.66 4.78 5.81 7.24 = .45 P
Toughness of Self-Compacting Concrete The flexural toughness of SFR-SCC has been calculated by using ASTM-1018, ASTM C-1019, and Japanese Concrete Institute (JCI) methods with third point loading of beam size 100 x 100 x 500 mm over a span of 450 mm. As per ASTM C-1018 definition, the toughness is expressed as a ratio of amount of energy required to deflect a beam to a specified deflection, expressed as a multiples of the first crack deflection. The definition sketch for Flexural Toughness Indices (ASTM C-1018) and JCI is shown in figure 1 and 2. The results are shown in table 6. For example, toughness index, I5 is defined as: I5 = The curves are shown on the next page.
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Workability The 3 key properties of SCC and SFR-SCC are filling ability, Passing ability [11], and Resistance to segregation. The results are shown in table 7. Table 7 Workability
TESTS SCC SFR-SCC 0.35 SFR-SCC .70 SFR-SCC 1.00 EFNARC LIMTS STATUS
OK OK OK OK
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CONCLUSIONS
The paper emphasizes on the fact that the optimum fiber content and addition of super-plasticizer to a limited amount is strength oriented. But beyond 4%, the balling of steel fibers is mainly responsible for decrease in all types of strengths. However, this type of innovative concrete can be successfully used for enhancement of highways, sky-scrapers, pre-cast structural elements and tunnels etc.
REFERENCES
1. OZAWA K, MACKAWA K, KUNISHIMA M AND OKAMURA H, Performance of concrete based on the durability design of concrete structures, Proc. of the Second East Asia-Pacific Conference on Structural Engineering and Construction, 1989. 2. EFNARC, The European Guidelines for Self Compacting Concrete, Specification, Production and Use, May 2005, 68 pp. 3. OKAMURA H AND OUCHI M, Self-Compacting Concrete, 2003. 4. KHAYAT K H AND GUIZANI Z, Use of viscosity-modifying admixture to enhance stability of fluid concrete, ACI Mater.J. 94(4) (1997) 332-341. 5. IS: 3812 (Part 2) 1981 Specifications for Fly Ash: Part 2 for use as additive. 6. http://www2.cege.ucl.ac.uk/research/concrete/Testing-SCC/Guidelines for testing.pdf. 7. G DE SCHUTTER, Guidelines for testing fresh self-compacting concrete, 2005, pp.2-18 8. IS: 5816 1970 Method of test for splitting tensile strength of concrete cylinders. 9. IS: 9399 1979 Apparatus for Flexural Testing of Concrete. 10. http://www.ijest.info/docs/IJEST12-04-05-106.pdf 11. SONEBI M, GRUNEWALD S AND WALRAVEN J, Passing ability of Self Consolidating Concrete, ACI Material Journal, Vol. 104, No.2, 2007, pp. 162-170. 12. http://ntur.lib.ntu.edu.tw/bitstream/246246/85235/1/4.pdf.
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