Psychoactive cacti

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Jump to: navigation, search This article has multiple issues. Please help improve it or discuss these issues on the talk page. This article includes a list of references, related reading or external links, but its sources remain unclear because it lacks inline citations. (May 2010) This article relies largely or entirely upon a single source. (May 2010) This article may be confusing or unclear to readers. (May 2010) This article needs attention from an expert in May 2010. (May 2010) Many cacti are known to be psychoactive, but the two main ritualistic (folkloric) genera of psychoactive cacti are Echinopsis (syn. Trichocereus), of which the most psychoactive species is the San Pedro cactus (Echinopsis pachanoi, syn. Trichocereus pachanoi), and Lophophora, of which the most psychoactive species is peyote (Lophophora williamsii). Albeit, there are several other species pertaining to other Genera which are also psychoactive, but not always used with a ritualistic intent.[1] [2] [3] Psychoactive cacti are known to contain alkaloids such as mescaline, and phenethylamines which give them their mind-altering properties.[4]

Contents

1 Ethnic Use 2 "Peyotes" 3 Trichocereus 4 References/Sources

Ethnic Use
Several world regions have historically used psychoactive cacti for their properties, particularly Indigenous peoples from Central and South America, such as in Mexico and the Andes region. For this purpose (which includes commercial harvesting) cacti plants are specifically grown in the millions.[5]

"Peyotes"

Lophophora williamsii (peyote)

Peyote with flower Other "peyotes"

Ariocarpus fissuratus Coryphantha compacta Pelecyphora aselliformis; strobiliformis Lophophora diffusa Ariocarpus retusus Ariocarpus agavoides; kotschoubeyanus; and other species Astrophytum asterias; capricorne; myriostigma; and other species Aztekium ritterii; and other species Coryphantha elephantidens; macromeris (var. runyonii); palmeri; and other species Echinocactus grandis; grusonii; platyacanthus; visnaga; and other species Epithelantha micromeris; and other species Leuchtenbergia principis'; and other species Lophophora species Mammillaria craigii; grahamii (var. oliviae); heyderi; (Dolichothele) longimamma; (Solisia) pectinifera; (Mamillopsis) senilis; sonorensis; and other species Obregonia denegrii Strombocactus disciformis Turbinicarpus laui; lophophoroides; jauernigii; pseudomacrochele; (Pelecyphora) pseudopectinatus; schmiedickeanus; and other species

Other North American psychoactive and/or medicinal cacti

Carnegiea gigantea Echinocereus salm-dyckianus (var. scheeri); triglochidiatus; and other species Pachycereus pecten-aboriginum; pringlei

Trichocereus

Echinopsis lageniformis (syn. Trichocereus bridgesii) (Bolivian torch cactus) Echinopsis pachanoi (syn. Trichocereus pachanoi) (San Pedro cactus) Echinopsis peruviana (syn. Trichocereus peruvianus) (Peruvian torch cactus)

San Pedro with flower Other South American psychoactive and/or medicinal cacti

Armatocereus laetus Browningia spp. Epostoa lanata Matucana madisoniorum Neoraimondia macrostibas Trichocereus terscheckii Stetsonia coryne

References/Sources
1. ^ Bruhn, Jan G. (1973). "ETHNOBOTANICAL SEARCH FOR HALLUCINOGENIC CACTI". Planta Med 24 (8): 315-319. doi:10.1055/s-0028-1099504. 2. ^ Bruhn, Jan G.; Catarina Bruhn (1973). "Alkaloids and ethnobotany of Mexican peyote cacti and related species". ECONOMIC BOTANY 27 (2): 241-251. doi:10.1007/BF02872994. 3. ^ Pummangura, S.; J. L. McLaughlin, R. C. Schifferdecker (September 1981). "Cactus Alkaloids. XLVII. -Phenethylamines From the "Missouri Pincushion", Coryphantha (Neobessya) missouriensis". J. Nat. Prod. 44 (5): 614616. doi:10.1021/np50017a022. 4. ^ Bruhn, Jan G.; Hesham R. EI-Seedi, Nikolai Stephanson (2008). "Ecstasy Analogues Found in Cacti". Journal of Psychoactive Drugs 40 (2): 219-222. doi:10.1080/02791072.2008.10400635. 5. ^ Gottlieb, Adam (1997). Peyote and Other Psychoactive Cacti. Ronin Publishing. pp. 96. http://www.cactus-mall.com/mss/old.html