Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Endangered Threat 1990 Us Fi
Endangered Threat 1990 Us Fi
Endangered Threat 1990 Us Fi
to
Congress
HOV
ecies
Recoveiy Program
i
^*
r.\^
Prepared by
lent of the Interior and Wildlife Service Washington, D.C. 20240
December 1990
;v^
that:
The Secretary shall report every two years to the Committee on Environment and Public Works of the Senate and the Committee on
Merchant Marine and
Fisheries of the
and on the
The
the
responsibility of the
by Section 3(14) of
The Secretary
and
terrestrial
Commerce
is
sea turtles (on land), and sea otters, which are under the Secretary of the Interior's
jurisdiction.
is
Endangered
Species Act, on the recovery program for federally listed species under the
Secretary of the Interior's jurisdiction. This report represents the recovery status
of listed species occurring in the United States and/or trust territories through
7 <>&~MJtcg ( ^'(P
<
<
Report
to
Congress
Prepared by
U.S.
Department of the Interior U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Washington, D.C. 20240
December 1990
For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office Washington, DC 20402
2013
http://archive.org/details/endangeredthreat1990usfi
Contents
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
v
INTRODUCTION
BACKGROUND
OVERVIEW
Recovery Successes
2
3
RECOVERY POLICY
THE ENDANGERED SPECIES ACT AMENDMENTS OF
Public Review of Recovery Plans
1988
6 6 6 6 6 6 6
Amendments
ACT IMPLEMENTATION
8 8 9 9 9 9
Endangered Species Act (1988 Amendments) Compliance Endangered Species Expenditures Report
Service Guidance
10 10
11
OVERVIEW
Appendix Appendix
Appendix
II
11
11 11
III
Appendix IV
DATA ANALYSES
12
in
LIST
Map 1. Map 2.
OF MAPS
Regional Boundaries
Listed Species by State/Territory
11
As
of October
1,
1990
44
LIST
Table
1.
OF TABLES
Fish and Wildlife Service Recovery Priority System
8
Group
12
Plans
Taxonomic Distribution
13
14
LIST
Figure
1.
OF FIGURES All Listed Species Separated by Taxonomic Group Length of Time on Separated by Taxonomic Group Recovery Separated by Taxonomic Group
List
Priority
12 12
13
13
Recovery Priority
Listed Species
Recovery Status
15
Figure
8.
16 16
Figure
9.
17 17
Of Species
APPENDICES
APPENDDC APPENDDC
I.
19
n.
29 43
77
APPENDDC APPENDDC
to
Species Recovery Program. U.S. Department of the Interior, Fish and Wildlife Service,
iv
Report to Congress
Endangered and
Threatened Species Recovery Program
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
Background
On October 7,
1988, President
cure, self-sustaining wild populations
minimum neces-
Reagan signed into law a bill amending the Endangered Species Act (Act)
and authorizing increased appropriations to implement the Act through fiscal year 1992 (Public Law 100478). One of the major amendments
The goal
is to:
program
and organisms that face the highest degree of threat, (2) determine tasks
necessary to reduce or eliminate the threats, and (3) apply the resources
available to the highest priority recov-
made more
Commerce develop
ery tasks.
is to
re-
The amendment
where
further directs the Secretary to report every two years on the status of efforts to develop and implement recovery plans for
all listed
comto
species
of
all
species for
The
is
first
This report
development of species-specific recovery goals and the identification and ranking of species information and management needs in terms of their relative importance and timing
the
for recovery. This information is typi-
jurisdiction.
Recovery
Recovery
is
the process by
which the
undertaken, are
ened species is arrested or reversed, and threats to its survival are neutralized, so that
its
Recovery
long-term survival in
management
The
goal of
process
is
documents
known recovery
all
cooperat-
Report Overview
The Species Status Report
is
1, 1990, 581 species endangered or threatin the United States and/or Trust Territories. All taxonomic groups are
As
of October
listed as
were ened
implementation of recovery actions. A recovery plan is a document that sets forth the information base and management needs to allow the
species a chance at recovery so that
represented.
The Lead
Four hundred and fifty-two of the species have been listed for longer
than 3 years. Species listed in the last
3 years have been dominated by
plants (58%).
Region
is
listed for
each species.
Coordination
ing species'
known ranges
boundaries.
Species Act
required.
may no
longer be
Most
Appendix
proery plan.
tified as
some
stage of
Each
is
iden-
hance coordination and acceptance, which are vital to species' survival and eventual recovery. The Service recognizes the need to develop recovery plans for listed species and has
increased efforts in this area, particularly
Improving, Stable,
Declining,
Unknown,
or Extinct.
Appendix
to the
Service
species occur-
developed.
Individual species recovery priorities
Appendix
plementation.
with a
re-
While
and delistings demonstrate that there can be successes in recovery, removal from
reclassifications
Species Account
Number directly
in
Recovery Report
Appendix
IV.
Approximately 35% are assigned moderate recovery priority numbers and 4% are assigned low numbers.
the
list is
all
High priorities
all
Appendix IV provides
all
individual
aim
at stabilizing or
numbers and
An
An
additional designation
"C"
is
ap-
then restoring
it
to a
condition in
which
it is
common name,
IV.
is at
the end
long term.
the
of
Appendix
pended to those species recovery priority numbers where a known threat or "conflict" exists. Approximately
25%
This year's report includes
listed as of
all
species
number of species
whose
conflicts with
October
1,
1990.
or other forms of
listed
The majority
among
species that
more
vul-
Of the 581
No foreign species
of listing for
ment. Maintenance of remaining populations of listed species and prevention of their extinction
objective of the program.
is
are reported.
The date
U.S. listed species, 352 (61%) have approved recovery plans as of October 1, 1990.
a basic
each species is the date the rule was published in the Federal Register. The
effective date of the rule is usually
thirty
have either an approved recovery plan or one that is in some stage of devel-
planned but not yet initiated, 41 have been listed less than 3 years. The remaining forty (7%) of the species
that warrant
VI
developed, but have yet to have a plan initiated, have been listed longer than
3 years.
Summary
The Service has placed increased emphasis on recovery planning.
The
7%
A probeen
Most
are recovering
Both an
fish
be the most stable. The unknown component is most pronounced in invertebrates, reflecting a need for
additional studies. Three-fourths of
the prominent declining status of in-
improving.
needed
is
term planning
the
needed
to
address
the
program
objectives.
Though
timeframe involved
pen.
may be
perceived
without plans
(14%
versus 3%).
personnel and
The most
significant recovery
between the species with and without approved recovery plans is the number of "unknowns"
status difference
support of biodiversity.
plans
plans versus 16
% with plans).
Recovery plans also outline research efforts needed to assess a species' status and begin the downward trend
reversal.
Four hundred and thirty-nine of the 581 species (76%) have less than
25%
achieved.
includes
all
indi-
species recovery.
VII
Introduction
eagle
is
making
no longer requires Endangered Species Act protection, and the Aleutian Canada goose was recently reclassified from endangered
to the less critical threatened
known
The report
category
in-
breakdown of
These are just a few of the recent and highly publicized endangered species
success stories.
taxonomic groups.
is a requirement of the 1988 amendments to the Endangered Species Act and will be updated every two years. The report does not address species under the jurisdiction of the U.S. Department of Commerce, National Marine Fisheries Service
But lesser known are the hundreds of endangered and threatened species of plants, snails, butterflies, fish, and other wildlife appearing on the pages of the List of Endangered and Threatened Wildlife and Plants. Some are benefitting greatly from protection under the Endangered
Species Act while others are
struggling.
to Congress represents comprehensive accounting of the recovery progress for all 581 Federally listed endangered and
still
This report
status of those
NMFS
This Report
the
first
United States or Trust Territories as of October 1, 1990. It contains summaries of current and planned recovery activities for federally protected
Background
Overview
When Congress passed the
Endangered Species Act [16 U.S.C.
1531
lic
et.seq.] in 1973,
it
set clear
pub-
policy that
we were
to act to pre-
resource diversity.
for the Federal
The Act
in the
Government
work of
common
goals.
ened unless such plans will not promote the conservation of such species. The Fish and Wildlife Service (Service) and the National Marine Fisheries Service have been delegated the responsibility of administering the Act. The National Marine
Fisheries Service
sible for
is
The Act was first passed to provide a means to conserve the ecosystems upon which endangered and threatened species depend and to provide a program for the conservation of these species. "Conserve" was defined as the use of "all methods and procedures which are necessary to bring any endangered species or
threatened species to the point at
generally respon-
most marine species (except birds), and the Service is generally responsible for birds and terrestrial and freshwater species. Exceptions include the West Indian manatee, sea turtles (on land), and sea otters, which are under the Service's jurisdiction.
pursuant
habitat-oriented.
It
necessary...."
The Act
further
departments and
embraced by
the
Service in
its
own
authorities in
dress listing and recovery on a multispecies, ecosystem-wide basis whenever possible. There is always danger that excessive focus on the
Read
in
Congress made
it
all
manner consis-
While
reclassifications
and delistings
demonstrate that there can be successes in recovery, removal from the list is not a reasonable goal for all
aim
at stabilizing or
numbers and
then restoring
it
to a
condition in
which
it
is
long-term.
the
number
whose
status has
been
stabi-
lized, particularly
among
species that
more
vul-
is
a basic
The
goals
and Wildlife Service; Constance and Wildlife and Parks; Jim Range, Chairman of the National Fish and Wildlife Foundation; and George Archibald of the International Crane Foundation (ICF) examine a whooping crane at the Patuxent Wildlife Research Center in Laurel, Maryland, prior to its transfer to the ICF
Left to Right:
F.
John
Endangered Species Act are the conservation of unique life -forms and the natural systems upon which they
depend.
sure,
An
evaluation of
its
effective-
facility in
Baraboo, Wisconsin.
ical habitat.
This provision
is
particu-
among
Federal, State,
whom
on the degree to which species and populations of organisms and the ecological relationships that connect and support them, collectively referred to as biodiversity, are being maintained or degraded. Much attention has been focused in recent years on the need to better understand and
protect the planet's biodiversity; en-
and major
species.
land users
tial
is
and implementation of an effective recovery program. In its role as coordinator of the recovery process, the
Act allows the Fish and Wildlife Service to grant permits for any taking of listed species otherwise prohibited by section 9(a)(1)(B)
if
dangered species, as non-regenerable elements of this system, are an essential ingredient in any program
directed at biodiversity conservation.
such
taking
is
incidental
of,
to,
teamwork among
Recovery Successes
all
involved parties.
purpose
erwise lawful
Some endangered
species recovery
Act directs
all
Federal agencies to
listed
employ
such as the comeback of the bald eagle and the peregrine falcon, the successful reinuoduction of the red wolf
into the Southeast,
do not jeopardize
crit-
development
and the
reclassifi-
cation of the
American
alligator
from
American alligator from endangered to threatened by similarity of appearance only. Other species, however, have also been brought back from critically low numbers.
cation of the
The species suffered a drastic decline when commercial fox farmers introduced non-native foxes onto the islands from about 1836 to about 1930. The geese were easy prey. Only 200300 geese were thought to remain by the time the species was listed as endangered in 1967. Originally, though nesting was believed restricted to a
single small island, Buldir Island,
additional
Canada goose
population
may have
has dramatically improved largely due to reintroduction efforts and predator control programs for the non-native arctic fox. The Fish and Wildlife Service recently downlisted
from the
islands
and relocating
California have been protected
fewer than 800 birds in 1975 to approximately 5,800 today. Surveys this
past
gered goose
major effort was undertaken to protect the wintering flock from hunting and to preserve roosting and feeding habitat. Several key staging and wintering habitats in Oregon and
been acquired by the California State Wildlife Area and Park systems. As a
result of the recovery effort in both
Canada goose
from endangered
to threatened.
the eastern
seaboard and in the Midwest, the piping plover (Charadrius melodus) now
*&--*-
*r>
human dis-
to
be the main
a
Cooperative efforts
among
number
been instrumental
in supporting the
*fe
A
biologist tags
and public education. Over 60 more than last year) nested on coastal beaches.
tection
700
pairs (about
The Gila
a hawksbill sea
habitat needs.
turtle in
an
effort to
its
movement and
tion
The
of
its
shell.
mon game
fish in
Arizona and
New
ever, deteriorating
Recovery Policy
Recovery
is
in a single
impacts from introduced fishes eliminated the Gila trout from most of its former range. When it was listed as
the process by
clude the
which the
endangered
in 1967,
it
survived in
streams.
is
New Mexico
ened species is arrested or reversed, and threats to its survival are neutralized, so that
its
The
long-term survival in
animals).
The
goal of
process
is
Ten of the
minimum
neces-
The goal of the Service's recovery program is to: (1) identify those
ecosystems and organisms that face
the highest degree of threat, (2) deter-
New Mexico
and Prescott
which are vital to species' survival and eventual recovery. The Service recognizes the need to develop recovery plans for listed species and has
increased efforts in this area, particularly
also benefiting
from control of
mine
The
was followed by record rainfall a month later washing large amounts of ash into two of the main streams and
destroying two populations.
species
The ultimate
goal
is to
As
plementation. Not
ever, will
all
species,
how-
a re-
being reevaluated.
The
first
Some
Little
listed species,
such
as, the
A primary goal
lize
in recovery is to stabi-
the downward trend. A major commitment of time and resources is needed to allow that to happen.
development of species -specific recovery goals and the identification and ranking of species information and management needs in terms of their relative importance and timing
is
the
Kern golden
trout, already
have
management plans
that, in effect,
Scioto
madtom,
are believed to be
Utah
im-
undertaken, are
curtailed.
activities.
Some
Recovery
prevent
to
to
help organize
to a
point
management
documents
known
cooperat-
reintro-
They serve
as a
duced
the
Duck
River in south-central
A recovery plan
is
document
that
and
management needs
to
allow the
Species Act
may no
longer be
The Endangered
Species Act
States
may
use Section 6
Amendments
of
1988
tus of recovered
(delisted) species
and
The salient points of the 1988 Amendments as they relate to recovery planning and implementation are
Notice of Review
Category
and 2 candi-
discussed below.
1.
new
or re-
chub
in
North Carolina as
The
intent
is to
inform the
Although monitoring
candidate species
is
North Carolina and Tennessee and two Federal agencies, the Fish
not
and
Wildlife
Park Service.
does provide an
and
management
actions,
meetings.
and ensures
their status.
in accordance with the schedule in the plan. Estimates of time to accomplish recovery must be based on known biological factors and a determination of the
management
amended
to require the
Service to re-
facilitate or detract
from task
ac-
complishment.
tain, the
If they are
uncer-
A new section
each
plan.
listed species
with a recovery
(1)
species-by-species basis, of
all
"rea-
measure progress in developing and implementing recovery plans, and (2) provide information on the status of
intent
is to:
The
make
it
practical to
made
to the Act.
cussed.
each
plan.
listed species
with a recovery
6.
uncer-
In the 1988
3.
amendments, Congress
is to
tain, the
made
it
must be discussed
the past,
(for a
period of
must be addressed
in every re-
However, Congress
all
now reesti-
all
species that
covery plan.
quires that
extent feasible, a
site-
recovery plans
have been recovered and delisted, and to provide for emergency relisting of
To the
maximum
mate the total cost for all Federal and State agencies and private organizations involved.
in
management
necessary
to
actions as
may be
achieve the
and
measurable
criteria and/or
Section 6
Amendments
to
achieve
when recovery
it is,
much
in
agencies is essential to the endangered species program. Section 6 of the Act was amended to clarify that
A recovery plan must estimate the time frame required for accomplishing recovery,
achievable).
assuming that
Endangered Species Recovery
Appropriations
Funding authorizations by Congress
to
fTEP
A
Fish
Zoo
shown below.
and
and
Wildlife
northern Rocky
$ 8,408,000/71 FTE's
Fiscal Year
for
(FY) 1990
$10,608,000/85 FTE's
Fiscal Year
1990
squir-
The
combination
rel,
of both the President's recommended budget and the additional appropriation agreed upon by the Congress. During the appropriations bill resolution, specific
Bruneau Hot Springs snail, the Hawaiian forest birds, the southern sea otter, the whooping crane, the
the
ferret, the
$124,000 Increase above the 1989 level for the Upper Colorado River Basin plan.
$1,500,000 Restoration of the proposed reductions for activities related
to specific species.
black-footed
ther, the
Florida pan-
activi-
snail.
FY
89 and
FY 90 are as follows:
$750,000 High
tles,
and Hawaiian
birds.
activities.
Fish and Wildlife Service biologists are engaging gered Malheur wire-lettuce in Oregon.
in
recovery activities
for the
endan-
Service Guidance
re-
low
priority tasks to
complete recov-
number) which serves as a guide to distribute the program resources equitably for all listed species. Funds
ity
In practice,
mandates
that funds
would otherwise
strict
The Service
outlined "Endangered
cording
to species
and task
applica-
priorities.
Implementation of
dated September 21, 1983. The Guidelines set recovery plan develop-
be
allo-
cated
first to
accomplishing priority-1
two priority systems. Also, the Service must often be flexible enough to take advantage of special opportunities provided by shifting social, political, or economic circumstances. Therefore, the two formal priority systems, used in tandem,
serve as a guide rather than a
with the
mold
to
The
and
last
which
all
actions
based on an analsuch factors as degree and immediacy of threat faced by species, needs for further information, and species' recovery potentials.
with
may
all
strictly in
cases.
The Species Recovery Priority System uses the criteria of (1) degree
of threat, (2) recoverability, and (3)
Some
ity
taxonomy
Table
Degree of
Threat
By
Recovery
Recovery
Potential
Priority
System*
Priority
applying these
of
Taxonomy
Monotypic genus
Species
Conflict
number
tor,
through 18.
A fourth facHigh
1
conflict, is a
supplementary ele-
1C
I
ment
to
in determining
what actions
are
be implemented
High
High
2
3
2C
2
Subspecies
3C
each cate-
High
Monotypic genus
Species
4
5
4C
4
may
5C
5
Subspecies
6
7
6C
6
7C
7
The
8C
8 o
outlined in Table
High
Subspecies
9
10
11
9C
9
Moderate
Monotypic genus
Species
IOC
in 1U
to
11C
11
task.
Subspecies
12
12C
12
Monotypic genus
Species
13
13C
LJ
Priority
task
n
15
to
High High
14
15
14C
14 it
Subspecies
15C
16C
16
Low
Low
Low
Monotypic genus
Species
16
17
17C
17
Low
As Published Sept.
21, 1983 [43
Subspecies
18
18C
18
FR 43098]
Program
from the protective oversight of the Act. Section 4 of the Act was
amended by adding
a provision that
implement
no
removed from
the
ued survival. Recovery is much more complex than just increasing the species' numbers. Legal as well as
biological factors are relevant to
protected
lists.
any
such species, the Secretary must use his emergency authority under section 4(b)(7) to relist the species.
many
act laws and regulations and to reach agreements to protect listed species
on
compliance with the 1988 amendments to the Endangered Species Act on May 25, 1989. The guidance included categories for tracking Service
expenditures for recovery. The
Due
to the
success
dors
of the Fish
and
Wildlife Service's
captive breeding
effort, California
con-
may be
1
early as
991
under the Act provides, "biologically" recovered species may still need the Act's protection in order to sustain population levels. Only
when adequate
legal
mechanisms
listed
in-
FY
Unknown,
re-
Extinct).
Endangered Species
Expenditures Report
Twenty-eight Federal agencies were
contacted for an accounting of the
and State Endangered Species Expenditures," dated January 1990. The second annual report of endangered species expenditures, dated January 1991, presented expenditures
of the Service, other Federal agencies,
to the
Act rec-
FY
89.
Through
the International
Service Guidance
Recovery
Program Implementation
The
and Guidelines and Coordinating Recovery of Endangered and Threatened Species," was revised and
Service's "Policy
for Planning
May
1990.
The
An aquatic
lished
fry in
tory propagation
and research as
part of
a joint Federal/State
effort
tent
a population
Listed Species
The
com-
roseate tern
parts of
is listed
as
both endan-
range.
The
tern has a
The piping
plover
is listed
as both endangered
in different parts of its
and threatened
entities.
tity is
Regional boundaries
attached.
The
The
Service's
Washington Office
Region functions as
regarding a
both threatened and endangered in different areas, but is covered in one recovery plan. The Atlantic coast entity is threatened and covered by a separate plan. The plover is counted as two distinct entities,
lead for
all activities
can
may
in the
tinct
be divided among Regions so that, for example, one Region would have the lead for listing a species and another Region would have the lead for
recovery, or regional populations
be-
is listed as both endangered and threatened in different parts of its range. It does have five
would be
recovery plans, but the areas are separated geographically, not biologically.
is
counted as one,
Region for the recovery effort. Recovery "entities" are addressed in this report. Though the gray wolf is
listed as a single species, three sepa-
is
The Lead
Mountain
wolf,
Region
listed for
10
when
known ranges
boundaries.
overlap Regional
Appendix
Appendix
ery plan.
tified as
I
I
w*
0R
Portland
>
\
1
HIT
ND
I MN
Tv ClrJeaf
vtj/
vr
i
Jme\
_
WV
1
-y
SO
I
Each
is
iden-
[
L
(
(1
C\
NE
ia
\J' 3 7
25
Cn
PA
1
\J~~~\
1
Unknown,
W
I
r
'
ut
Y~~?
I
1
I
KS
IL
...
OH
-rft
NJ
aT
VA
known
to
be
CO
^\af^TVJ
*"
increasing in
NC
/Albuquerque: 1
/
i''
OK
NM
2^~
TX
A
\
r*\
-
sc
1
1
u-
\*"*"*' { GA
programs but
bers
(e.g.,
still
increasing in
num'" HI
California condor,
Mexican
gray wolf).
"Unknown" describes
is
8k
ys
>/
'
FL
4
PR
VI
Anchorage
survey work
needed
to
accurately
A species status
Appendix
II
Appendix IV
Appendix IV provides individual
species recovery progress reports for
all listed
be delisted
(e.g.,
bridled white-eye,
Appendix II outlines the status of development and implementation of recovery plans for
Territories.
all
host of factors including, but not limspecies, water projects, urban devel-
species occurring
Data
for
each
listed
United States and/or Trust Territories. An index of the species, listed alpha-
opment and encroachment, research, land acquisition, cooperative management efforts, etc., affect a species'
status.
plan and,
plan,
if not,
by common name, is at the end of Appendix IV A centralized database is maintained by the Service's Washington Office. Each
betically
and
Regional Office
is
responsible for
to
on each
which
it
has
lead responsibility.
all
species
achieved].
October
Appendix
Appendix
III
III
current as of
all
October
1,
1990. Data
listed species
Territory of occurrence.
Each
State
No foreign species
of listing for
and/or territory
is listed
individually
are reported.
The date
with listed species cross-referenced with a "Species Account Number." The Species Account Number
directly relates to the Individual
each species is the date the rule was published in the Federal Register. The
effective date of the rule is usually
thirty
tailed information
a specific
Account Number
Black footed ferrets are breeding readily
in captivity.
Appendix IV
The Service
anticipates rein-
in
11
Data Analyses
All listed species occurring in the
Table
in
Appendix
III.
A map
is
included,
Group
Plants
Listed
Percentage
indicating the
number
of listed
species by State/Territory.
The num-
239
41%
Mammals
Birds
49
86
8%
15%
Herps*
42
84
81
7%
15%
14%
100%
As
of October
1,
2 presents the
Total
* Herps
581
= Reptiles and Amphibians
1.
All
Four hundred and fifty-two of the species have been listed for longer
than 3 years. Figure 2 represents the
Figure
1. All
Listed Species
Mammals 14%
Birds (86)
list-
do not
yet
Plants
(239)
Animals
(342)
have
approved recovery plans. Many do, however, have plans in some stage of development. Recovery outlines are developed within 60 days
final
25%
Herps* (42)
41%
59%
12%
Fishes (84)
25%
Inverts" (81)
to the
Listed Species
24%
developed.
'Amphibians and Reptiles
Animal Groups
"Invertebrates
Species
164
150
100
82
41
72
55 38
BBSSS
SO
4
Birds
4
:
12
: :
:-:
.-.
Mammals
Herps*
Fishes
Inverts**
Plants
Taxonomic Group
P:&i More than 3 years
'Amphibians and Reptiles
*:-( 3 years or less
"Invertebrates
12
Species
nomic
136
num-
imminence of extinction
species.
Approximately
35%
are as-
Mammals
Birds
Herps*
Fishes
Inverts**
Plants
Taxonomic Group
Hi
High (1-6)
[3 Moderate
(7-12)
Low
(13-18)
numbers and 4% are assigned low numbers. High priorities are assigned across all taxonomic groups with no bias towards any taxonomic group.
"Invertebrates
An
additional designation
"C"
is
ap-
num-
ber of species where conflict with actions other than the species recovery
exist.
Species
122
101
Approximately
25%
of listed
118
120
100
80
i
60
60 40
other activities.
Where
tion
11
is
20
Mtm
11
ml.
13
..
10
12 13 14 15 16 17 18
Priority
With Conflict
Assigned
Conflict
W/O
Table 3. Listed
Distribution
Without
Group
Plants
Species
Plans
239
120
Mammals
Birds
49
86
29
71
20
15 12
Herps
Fishes
Invertebrates
42
84
81
30 49 54
352
35
27
Total
581
229
13
Of the 581
U.S. listed species, 352 (61%) have approved recovery plans as of October 1, 1990. Figure 5 presents a breakdown, by taxonomic
group, of the percentage of
that currently
all
species
plans.
Most
"
'
more than
three years
been and
currently in
some
stage of recovery
25%
when resource
it.
A small per-
0%
Animals
Plants
developed for one reason or another (e.g., Tinian monarch, Bachman's warbler, Little Kem golden trout,
etc.).
Taxonomic Group
and Without
not be prepared
is in
Appendix
IV.
or one that
25%
Of the
Mammals
Birds
Herps*
Fishes
Inverts*
Taxonomic Group
BaSsa With
planned but not yet initiated, 41 have been listed less than three years. The remaining forty (7%) of the species that warrant having recovery plans developed, but have yet to have a plan initiated, have been
listed longer than three years.
Approved Plans
Plans
"Invertebrates
The
7%
Table
Group
Plants
4.
Listed Species
Approved
119
backlog
in the Fish
and Wildlife
way
to
to
em-
Pending
AM
5
1
where appropriate,
44
5 7
3
help
Mammals
Birds
29
71
4
7
4
2
3
3
groups of species.
Herps*
Fishes
Invertebrates
30
49 54
23
11
9
13
Total
352(61%)
130(22%)
81 (14%)
18 (3%)
14
Species Act.
reverse the
downward
listed species.
-219
37.7%
Stable
number
of those species
is still criti-
-181
cal.
31 .2%
efforts,
Extinct
1
but a sizeable
number (38%)
-11
are
still
2%
.9%
The
status of
is
Improving - 57
9.8%
Unknown - 113
19.4%
19%
needed
to
Figure
7.
listed species.
Most
of the species
considered
to
be improving are
mam-
significant
majority of them are recovering from very low numbers, with the benefit of
intensive,
Species
hands-on management.
pronounced in invertebrates, reflecting a need for additional studies. Three -fourths of the prominent declining status of invertebrates are
freshwater mussels.
Animals
Plants
Taxonomic Group
^Improving
Unstable
Hi
Declining
LJ
Unknown
p|
Extinct
Species
Mammals
Birds
Herps*
Fishes
Inverts**
Taxonomic Group
Improving
1 Stable
^a
Declining
[_]
Unknown
Extinct
"Invertebrates
15
major part of the management program. Species with approved recovery plans have a higher percentage of "improving" status designais
Recovery
(14%
50% 40% 30% 20%
10%
The most
significant re-
covery status difference between the species with and without approved
recovery plans
is
the
number
of "un-
knowns"
recovery plans
plans).
(25% "unknowns"
0%
Improving
Stable
Declining
P.V.'.V.VJMHMH
16%
with
Extinct
Unknown
1888
W/O Approved
Plans
seven species
is
contained in
Appendix
IV.
A pro-
Number of Species
500 400 300
439
200
97
34
[:;;:>,::.:,:....: >:v' :1
:
0-25%
26-50%
51-75%
76-100%
listed listed
Percentage of recovery
all
Four hundred
thirty-
declining.
in
The
calculation
was made
of
nine of the 581 species (76%) have less than 25% of their recovery objectives achieved.
number
Level
(<
25%
1
of objectives
of listed
to
achieved).
The number
includes
all
species in Level
increase
can be expected
accelerated by
listings.
if listing is
domestic species listings, counting back from October 1, 1990. For example, of the 37 U.S. species listed last fiscal year, 29
multi-species/ecosystem
(78%) are
to
still
considered
to
be de-
group.
stable or improving.
A noteworthy
is
Columbian white-tailed deer, Bald eagle, American peregrine falcon, Pahrump killifish, Socorro isopod, and Maguire daisy.
the
Both an overall trend towards recovery and the time dimensions of that
trend are evident in Figure 11,
plots the relationship
the 33
which
between the
time
20 of which are freshwater mussels. Almost all the mussels are still declining due to competition from
16
Figure 10.
velopment projects.
Ultimately, conservation of
all
endan-
Species
basal
effort to
main-
252
250
tain biodiversity, of
which
200
150
100
endangered species are an important component. Through creative partnerships, the Service will increase the
50
Animals
Percent Achieved
Plants
involvement of private groups. State and local agencies, and other Federal agencies in the development and implementation of recovery plans and actions. Focusing more on
ecosystems, thereby surpassing a
species-by-species approach to recov-
111 0-25%
H^
26-50%
51-75%
76-1
00%
ery, will
more
A commitment
recovery
Species
timeframe involved
pen.
may be
perceived
serious
personnel and
Mammals
Birds
Herps*
Fishes
Inverts**
Animal Group
Perc ent Achieved
HI
0-25%
^^26-50%
11151-75%
HI 76-100%
"Invertebrates
As a Function
100%
82%
80% 60%
40%
39%
32%
30%
20%
0%
<1
1-7
7-15
>15
Number
of
Years Listed
17
Appendix
I.
is
D=Declining
U=Unknown
E=Extinct
19
Species
Listed
As
Lead
Status
MAMMALS
Bat, gray Bat, Indiana
Bat,
Ozark big-eared
Bear, grizzly or
brown
Caribou, woodland
Cougar, eastern
Deer, Columbian white-tailed Deer, key
Ferret, black-footed
E E E E T E E
3 3
2
5 6
1
D U
I
s
I
5
1
E
I
Jaguarundi (2 subspecies)
Salt
marsh harvest
E E E E E E E E E E E
T E E E E E E
E,T
4
6
1
D
I
4
4 4
D U D
I
U
I
4
1
D
S
2
1
S
S
Panther, Florida
4
2
1
Pronghorn, Sonoran
Rat,
D D
S
4
5 5
3
S
S
I
E E E
I I I
BIRDS
'Akepa, Hawaii (honeycreeper)
Akiapola'au (honeycreeper)
Blackbird, yellow-shouldered
Guam
Condor, California
Coot, Hawaiian (='alae-ke'oke'o)
E E E E E E E T E E E E E E E E
1 1
1 1
D U
s s
I
4
2
1
u
s
I
4
1 1
s
I
I
4
2
1 1 1 1
D D D
20
Species
Duck, Hawaiian (koloa) Duck, Laysan
Eagle, bald
Listed
E E
E,T
As
Lead
1
Status
s s
American peregrine
(eastern)
Hawk, Hawaiian
(=io)
Florida scrub
Kingfisher,
Guam Micronesian
Nihoa (old world warbler)
Hawaiian
Millerbird,
Moorhen
(gallinule),
common
Nukupu'u (honeycreeper)
'O'o, Kauai (= 'O'o A'a)
'O'u (honeycreeper)
Palila (honeycreeper)
Parrot, Puerto
Parrotbill,
Rican
Maui (honeycreeper)
(California population)
Pelican,
Pelican,
Petrel,
brown
Hawaiian dark-rumped
E E E T E E E E E E E T E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E T
E,T
7
5
1
2
1
u
s s
I
7
1
D
S S
4
1
D
S S S S S
4
1
1
4
1 1
1
1
D D D
S
4
1
1
D
S S
I
2
1
S s
s
4
5
3
1
Po'ouli (honeycreeper)
Prairie-chicken, Attwater's
Rail, California clapper
Rail,
Guam
Yuma
clapper
Sparrow, Cape Sable seaside Sparrow, dusky seaside Sparrow, Florida grasshopper
Sparrow, San Clemente sage
Stilt,
E E E E E E T E E
E E
2
1
D D D D
S
D
S S
2
1
D
S
4
4
1 1
Hawaiian (=ae'o)
Stork,
wood
T E E E E
D D
S s
4
1
D
I
21
Species
Tern, roseate
Listed
E,T
As
Lead Region
Status
S
Woodpecker, red-cockaded
E E E E E
D D
S
I
D U
REPTILES
Anole, Culebra Island giant
Boa,
Mona
Gecko, Monito
Iguana,
Mona ground
Lizard, blunt-nosed leopard Lizard, Coachella Valley fringe-toed Lizard, Island night Lizard, St. Croix ground
Rattlesnake,
E T E E E E T E T T E T T
E E T
E,T
4 4
4
U
s
4 4
4 4
1
u u u
s
1 1
D D
S
4
2
4
1
u D D
U u
Alabama
red-bellied
musk
4
2 2
2
Kemp's
E E E T
E,T
2 2 2
5
u u D u D D
S S
Plymouth red-bellied
sawback
Turtle, ringed
E T
AMPHIBIANS
Coqui, golden
Salamander, desert slender Salamander, Red Hills
T E T T E E
D U D U
S
u
s
I
FISHES
Cavefish, Cavefish,
Alabama
Ozark
E
T E E T
D
S S
22
Species
Chub, Mohave
tui
Listed
E E T T E
E T E E E T E E T E T E T T E
As
Lead Region
1
Status
D
U u u u
s
4 4
1
1
Dace, Ash
Meadows speckled
Dace, blackside
4
6
1
u
s s s s
s
Warm
Springs
Moapa
amber
bayou
Darter, Darter,
4 4 4
2
u
s
2
5
3
Maryland
Niangua
Okaloosa
4 4 4 4
2 2 2
2
1
Darter, slackwater
Darter, snail
D u D U
u
Darter, watercress
D
S s s
Gambusia, Big Bend Gambusia, Clear Creek Gambusia, Pecos Gambusia, San Marcos
Killifish,
E E
E E E
E
I
Pahrump
Logperch, Conasauga
Comanche Springs
Hole
Leon Springs
E E T E E E E
E E E E E E T E T T E
4 4 4
1
s s
u
s
2
1
D
S S S S
2
1
1
Owens
Warm
Springs
Cape Fear
unarmored threespine
4
6
1
u
S s
Squawfish, Colorado
Stickleback,
Topminnow, Gila
Trout,
2 2 2
6
1
Apache
D D D
1
Woundfin
D D
INVERTEBRATES SNAILS
Snail,
Iowa Pleistocene
T T E
D
S
U
23
Species
Snail,
Listed
T T T E
As
Lead Region
4 4
Status
U U D
S
Noonday
4
5
mountain
INVERTEBRATES CLAMS
Mussel, Curtus'
Mussel, Judge
Tait's
Alabama lamp
Pearly mussel,
Pearly mussel,
lilliput
mucket
paw
Pigtoe, shiny
Pocketbook,
fat
E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E
4 4 4 4
4 4 4
D D
D D D D
4 4
3
D D D
D D D U D D D D
E E
4
4
3
4
4
4 4 4
3
4 4 4 4 4
4 4 4
5
D
E
D D D
I
D D D D
INVERTEBRATES CRUSTACEANS
Crayfish, cave Crayfish, Nashville
Isopod, Socorro
E E E E
U
I
u u
u
INVERTEBRATES INSECTS
Beetle, delta green
ground
longhom
Segundo blue
metalmark
Butterfly, Lange's
T T E E E
u
s
24
Species
Butterfly, Butterfly,
Listed
E T E E E E T T
As
Lead Region
1
Status
S
mission blue
Oregon
silverspot
1
1
Verde blue
elfin
D D
S
San Bruno
Schaus swallowtail
4
1 1
1
D D
U U
Ash Meadows
PLANTS
Arrowhead, bunched
Aster, decurrent false Aster, Florida
golden
Barberry, Truckee
Bear-poppy, dwarf
Beauty, Harper's
Birch, Virginia round-leaf
Bird's-beak, salt
marsh
Bladder-pod, Missouri
Blazingstar,
Ash Meadows
Bonamia, Florida
Boxwood,
Vahl's
bunched cory
Key
tree
Knowlton
Lee pincushion
Mesa Verde
E T E E E E E E E T T E T E E T E E E T E E E T T T E E E E
E E E
4
3
D
1
4
1
D
S
D
I I
4
5
1
U
I
3
1
4
4
4 4
1
u D D
D
1 I
3
1
2
2 2
D
U D
S S S
4
2
2 2 2
2 2
D
S
2 2 2
2
D U U
u
Sneed pincushion
D
1
6 2
6 6
1
U
s
T
E T E E
s
s s
1
5
3
25
Species
Coneflower, Tennessee purple
Daisy, lakeside
Listed
E T E E E E E T E E E E T E E E E T T T E E T E E E E E E E E E E E T E E E E E E E T E E E E E
As
Lead
4
3
Status
s
2
2
Dogweed, ashy
Dropwort, Canby's
Evening-primrose, Antioch Dunes Evening-primrose, Eureka Valley
Fleabane, rhizome
Four-o'clock, MacFarlane's
Frankenia, Johnstons
Gerardia, sandplain
4
1
D D D
S
S S
I
I
2
1
2 5
4 4
D U
s s s s
4
1
Gouania
hillebrandii (=Sci.
Name)
Grass, Eureka
Dune
Grass, Solano
2
1
u
s
4
4
1
D D
I
Ash Meadows
2
1
D
I
4 4
3
1
S s
I
Minnesota trout
s
s
Lousewort, Furbish
Lupine, scrub
4
5
1
1
D
I
D
S
S
Ash Meadows
Mancos
5
2
Milkpea, Small's
Mint, Garrett's (=scrub, in part) Mint, Lakela's
4
4
4
4
3
D D D D D D
I
4
1
D
S
Amargosa
Pawpaw, beautiful
Pawpaw, four-petal
4 4 4
Pawpaw, Rugel's
D D D
26
Species
Pennyroyal, McKittrick Pennyroyal, Todsen's
Phacelia, clay
Listed
T E E E E E E E E E E E T E E
As
Lead Region
2 2 6 6 2
Status
S
I
Phacelia,
North Park
green
Pitaya, Davis'
D U D
I
Pitcher-plant, green
4
4
5
Plum, scrub
Pogonia, small whorled
Polygala, tiny
D
I
4
2
Poppy-mallow, Texas
Prickly-apple, fragrant
Prickly-ash, St.
4 4
6
Thomas
D D D
Primrose, Maguire
Rattleweed, hairy
D
D D D U D D D
S S
Rhododendron, Chapman's
Rush-pea, slender
Sedge, Navajo
4
2
Snakeroot
Snowbells, Texas
Spurge, deltoid
Spurge, Garber's
Sunray,
E T E E E T
T
4
2
4 4
1
Ash Meadows
fringe
Torreya, Florida
Tree,
pygmy
Trillium, persistent
Vetch, Hawaiian
E E E E E
T
4 4 4
1 1
D D
S s s
Whitlow-wort, papery
4
6 2
D
S
S
E
T E E
Wireweed
Ziziphus, Florida
4
4
D D D
27
Appendix
II.
Status of the Development and Implementation of Recovery Plans for Listed Species
The
status of
an approved recovery
is
(Yes) or
is
not antici-
pated as necessary,
Applicable)
is
NA (Not
reported.
The
dicated with
(Revised),
(Final-Approved),
Draft),
Rev
(Agency
(Technical Draft),
TA
(Technical/
Agency
The percentage
met
1
is in-
to 4.
1=
0%-25%
achieved
2= 26%-50% achieved
29
Listed
Recovery
Region
Plan App.
Species
As
Stage
Achieved
MAMMALS
Bat, gray
Bat, Hawaiian hoary Bat, Indiana
Bat,
Bat,
little
Mariana
fruit
fruit
Mariana
Bat,
Bat,
Mexican long-nosed
Ozark big-eared
Bear, grizzly or
brown
Caribou, woodland
Cougar, eastern
Deer, Columbian white-tailed
Deer, key
Dugong
Ferret, black-footed
Jaguarundi (2 subspecies)
Mouse, Anastasia Island beach Mouse, Choctawahatchee beach Mouse, Key Largo cotton Mouse, Perdido Key beach Mouse,
Ocelot
Otter, southern sea
Salt
marsh harvest
Panther, Florida
Prairie dog,
Utah
Pronghom, Sonoran
Rabbit,
Lower Keys
Shrew, Dismal
Swamp southeastern
fox
Delmarva Peninsula
Mount Graham
red
Vole,
Amargosa
Mexican
Vole, Hualapai
E E E E E E E E E T E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E T E T E T E E E E E T E T E E E E E E
E,T
3
1
F
P
Rev
3
1
N
Y
3
1
2 2 2
5 6
1
N N N
Y
A A
U
F P F
N
Y Y Y Y Y Y
2 2 2
1
R
F F
Rev
5
1
4
1
Rev
N
Y Y Y Y Y
P
Rev
6
1
R
F
Rev
4 4
4 4
4
N
Y
U
F
N
Y Y N Y Y Y
U
F F
4
2
4
1
4
2
1
U
F
R
Rev
4
6
N
Y
A
F P
4
1 1 1 1 1
N N N
Y
A U
F
N N N
Y Y
U U NA
F
4
5
R
P F
2
1
2
5
1
N
Y N
2
1
2
3
N
Y Y
TA TA R
F
3
1
30
Listed
Species
Wolf, gray (Rocky Mountain) Wolf, red
As
E E E
Recovery
Region
6
Plan App.
Y Y
Stage
Rev
Achieved
4
4
N
Y Y
Y
BIRDS
'Akepa, Hawaii (honeycreeper) 'Akepa,
Maui (honeycreeper)
Guam
Condor, California
Coot, Hawaiian
(=' alae-ke' oke' o)
Crane, whooping
Creeper, Hawaiian Creeper, Molokai (=kakawahie) Creeper,
Oahu (=alauwahio)
Eskimo
E E E E E E E T E E E E E E E E E E E E
E,T
1
1
4
2
1
4
1 1
4
2
1 1
1 1
1
Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y
F F F F F
Rev
2
1
2
1
2
1
F F
R
Rev Rev
Rev
3
1
N
Y Y
7
1
N
Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y
F F P F F P
Rev
2
1
3 3
Nihoa (honeycreeper)
Hawk, Hawaiian
(=io)
Florida scrub
Kingfisher,
Guam
Micronesian
Mallard, Mariana
E E E T E E E E E E E T E E E
E E T E E E
7 5
1
F F R
Rev
4
3
F R
F
4
1
F F R F F F F F
Rev
3 3 3
4
2
NA N
Y
NA
P
Monarch, Tinian
NA
Y
NA
Rev
4
3
1
Moorhen
(gallinule),
(gallinule),
Moorhen
N
Y
A
F
31
Listed
Recovery
Region
1
1
Species
NukupiTu (honeycreeper)
'O'o, Kauai (=
l
As
E E E T E E E E E E E T E E E E E E E T E E E E T E E E E E E E E E T E E E E E E E E E
Plan App.
Y Y Y
Stage
F F F P
Rev Rev
Achieved
l
l
O'o
'A'a)
'O'u (honeycreeper)
1 l l
N
Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y
3
1 1
Parrot, Puerto
Parrotbill,
Rican
4
1 1
Maui (honeycreeper)
(California population)
Pelican,
Pelican,
Petrel,
brown
2
1
Hawaiian dark-rumped
4
5
3
1
Po'ouli (honeycreeper)
Prairie-chicken, Attwater's greater
Rail, California clapper Rail,
2
1
Guam
Yuma clapper
San Clemente loggerhead
1 1
F F F F F F F F F F F
Rev
3 3
Rail,
2
1
Sparrow, Cape Sable seaside Sparrow, dusky seaside Sparrow, Florida grasshopper Sparrow, San Clemente sage
Stilt,
4 4
4
1
1
F F F F F F F
Rev
Hawaiian (=ae'o)
Stork,
wood
Mariana gray (=vanikoro)
4
1
1
Swiftlet,
N
Y Y Y Y Y Y
A
Rev
5
1 1 1
F F F F F
P
2
1
Warbler (willow), nightingale reed Warbler (wood), Bachman's Warbler (wood), golden-cheeked Warbler (wood), Kirtland's
White-eye, bridled
4
2
3
1
N N N N NA N
Y Y
U
A
P
NA
P
Rev
2
Woodpecker, ivory-billed
4
4
NA
Y
NA
Rev
Woodpecker, red-cockaded
32
Listed
Species
As
Recovery
Region
Plan App.
Stage
Achieved
REPTILES
Anole, Culebra Island giant
Boa,
Mona
E T E E
E E E T E T T E T T T T
4 4 4 4 4
1
Gecko, Monito
Iguana,
4 4
1
Mona ground
4
2
Rattlesnake,
4 4 4
2
Y Y Y Y Y N Y Y Y Y Y Y Y N
F F F
Rev
U
F F R R F F F
P
P
Snake, Atlantic salt marsh Snake, Concho water Snake, eastern indigo Snake, San Francisco garter
Tortoise, desert Tortoise,
Turtle,
gopher
red-bellied
Alabama
green sea
musk
T T E T T E T
E,T
4
1 1
4 4 4
2 2
N N N Y Y N N
Y Y Y Y Y
Y Y
U
P
F F
U A
F F R R R R R F
Rev
Kemp's
loggerhead sea
E E E T
E,T
2 2
2
2
5
Plymouth red-bellied
Turtle, ringed
sawback
E T
Y Y Y
AMPHIBIANS
Coqui, golden
Salamander, desert slender Salamander, Red Hills Salamander, San Marcos Salamander, Santa Cruz long-toed Salamander, Shenandoah Salamander, Texas blind
Toad, Houston Toad, Puerto Rican crested Toad,
T T E T T E E E E T
4
5
1
4
2
1
Y N Y Y Y Y
U
F
F R
Rev
5 2
NA NA
Y N N
NA NA
F
4
6
A
T
Wyoming
33
Listed
Recovery
Region
Plan App.
Species
As
Stage
Achieved
FISHES
Catfish, Yaqui
Cavefish, Cavefish,
Alabama
Ozark
Chub, bonytail Chub, Borax Lake Chub, Chihuahua Chub, humpback Chub, Hutton Chub, Owens
tui tui
Chub, Mohave
T E T E E T E T E
N
Y Y Y Y Y Y
u
Rev Rev
Rev
l l
4
6
1
2
1
2
6
1
F F
Rev
2
1 1
N
Y
2
1 1
1
1
1
1 1
tui
E
E T T T E E E E T E T T E E E E T E E T E T E T T E E E E E E E E T E E
N Y
Y
F TA
F F
Chub, slender
Chub, Sonora
4
2
N
Y
A
F
1 1 1
4
6
N
N Y Y Y N N N N Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y
Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y N N
2
1
U U
R
F F P P P P F F F
2 2
1
1
1
Dace, Ash
Meadows speckled
4
1
Dace, Foskett speckled Dace, Independence Valley speckled Dace, Kendall Dace,
1
1
2
1
Warm
Springs
6
1
Moapa
amber
bayou
2
1
Darter,
4 4
Darter,
R
F R R
Rev
4
2 2
5
3
Darter, fountain
Darter, leopard Darter, Darter, Darter,
2
1
1
Maryland
Niangua
Okaloosa
F
F
4
4 4 4
2
Darter, slackwater
Darter, snail
Darter, watercress
Gambusia, Big Bend Gambusia, Clear Creek Gambusia, Pecos Gambusia, San Marcos
Killifish,
2
2 2
1
F F F F F F
2 2 2
1
R
F F
Pahrump
Logperch, Conasauga
Logperch, Roanoke
4
5
U
P
6
3
NA
Y
NA
F
Madtom, Smoky
34
Listed
Species
Madtom, yellowfin
Minnow, loach
Pupfish, Pupfish,
As
T T E E E E E E E T T E T T T T T E E T E E E E E E E E T E E T E T T T T E
Recovery
Region
4
2
1
Plan App.
Y N Y Y N Y Y Y Y
Stage
F
Achieved
TA
F F
2
2 2
1
U
Rev
2 2
Leon Springs
2
1 1
Owens
F F
Rev
Warm
pygmy
Springs
4
2
N N
Y
U
U
F
Cape Fear
4
2
Waccamaw
4
2
1
Spikedace
Spinedace, Big Spring Spinedace, Little Colorado Spinedace, White River
Springfish,
N N N
N N N N N N Y
Y
TA
U
TA TA
2
1
1
U
P
u
p
White River
unarmored threespine
Squawfish, Colorado
Stickleback,
6
1
R
Rev
Sturgeon, pallid
Sucker, June
Sucker, Lost River Sucker,
6 6
1 1 1 1
Modoc
Warner
N N N N N N
Y
U
U
NA U
TA R
2
2 2
N
Y Y Y
U
F F
2
2
Apache
2 2
6
1 1 1
Trout, Gila
Trout, greenback cutthroat Trout,
2
3
1
Lahontan cutthroat
Trout, Little
Kern golden
N NA
Y Y
NA
F R
2
1
Woundfin
SNAILS
Shagreen, Magazine Mountain
Snail,
Iowa Pleistocene
Noonday
Snails,
Oahu
Snail, painted
T T T E T E T
4
5 5 3
N Y
Y Y Y
U
F F F F
2
2
1
4
1
N
Y
U
F
35
Listed
Recovery
Region
4
5
Species
Snail,
As
T E
Plan App.
Y Y
Stage
F F
Achieved
Stock Island
mountain
CLAMS
Fanshell
Fatmucket, Arkansas
Heelsplitter, inflated
Mussel, Judge
Tait's
Mussel, Marshall's
Mussel, penitent Mussel, ring pink
Pearlshell, Louisiana
Pearly mussel,
Alabama lamp
Pearly mussel, green-blossom Pearly mussel, Higgins' eye Pearly mussel, little-wing Pearly mussel, orange-footed Pearly mussel, pale
lilliput
paw
paw
Pocketbook,
fat
Pocketbook, speckled
Riffle shell, tan
Shell, stirrup
E T T E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E
E
4 4 4
5
N N N
Y
U
P
N
Y Y Y
4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4
3
F P F F F
N N
Y Y Y
A
F F F
N
Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y
T
F F F F F F F F F F P F F F F F F F F
4 4
3
4 4 4 4 4
4 4
3
N
Y Y Y Y
4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4
5
Y
Y Y
Y
Y
N
Y Y Y Y
U
F F F F
CRUSTACEANS
Amphipod, Hay's spring
Crayfish,
Cave
Crayfish, Nashville
E E E
NA
Y Y
NA
F
Rev
3
1
1
4
4
36
Listed
Species
Crayfish, Shasta (=placid)
As
E T E E E E T
Recovery
Region
l
Plan App.
N
Stage
p
Achieved
l
NA
Y N
NA
F
4
1
Shrimp, Alabama cave Shrimp, California freshwater Shrimp, Kentucky Cave Shrimp, Squirrel Chimney (=Florida) cave
4
1
N
Y N
T U
F
4 4
NA
U
F
P P
P P
INSECTS
Beetle,
Beetle, northeastern
Cave ground
longhom
bay checkerspot
Butterfly, El
Segundo blue
metalmark
Butterfly, Lange's
mission blue
Oregon
silverspot
Butterfly, Palos
Verde blue
elfin
Butterfly,
Butterfly,
San Bruno
Schaus swallowtail
Naucorid,
Skipper,
Ash Meadows
Pawnee montane
E T E T T E T T E E E E T E E E E T T T
5
1
N Y
2
5
N N N N
Y
1
1
N
Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y
U
F F F F
2 2
1
R
F F F F F F P
2
1
2
1
N
N N N
ARACHNIDS
Harvestman, Bee Creek Cave
Pseudoscorpion, Tooth Cave
Spider,
Tooth Cave
E E E
2 2 2
P P
P
1
1
PLANTS
Achyranthes splendens
Agave, Arizona
'Akoko,
var.
rotundata
Ewa
Plains
little
Amphianthus,
Arrowhead, bunched
Aster, decurrent false Aster, Florida Aster, Ruth's
golden
golden
Avens, spreading
Barberry, Truckee
E E E T E T E E E
E E E
2
1
N N
N N Y Y Y N N
Y
U
P
4 4
3
U
F
F F
4 4 4
1
U
F
Bariaco
Bear-poppy, dwarf
4
6
N Y
A
F
0"7
Listed
Recovery
Region
6
Species
^1
As
E E E E E E E E T T E E T T E E E T E E E T E E T E E E E T T T E E E T E T T
E E E E E E E E
Plan App.
N
Y
Stage
TA
F
Achieved
2
1
"*
Beardtongue, Penland
Beauty, Harper's
Bellflower, Brooksville
4 4
1
^fl
Bidens, cuneate
Birch, Virginia round-leaf
Bird's-beak, palmate -bracted
Bird's-beak, salt
N NA
Y
NA
Rev
3
5
1 1
marsh
Bittercress, small-anthered
4
6
N Y N N
N Y
U
P P F
4
3
Bladderpod, white
Blazingstar,
2
1
N
Y Y Y N N Y Y Y
U
F F F
2
Ash Meadows
4
4
2
Bluet,
Roan Mountain
4 4 4
1
1
U U
F F F P F F
3
Bonamia, Florida
Boxwood, Vahl
N
Y Y
3
1
autumn
4
2
1
N N N N
Y Y Y N N
Y Y Y Y
U U U
P
2 2 2 2
2
F F F
P
P
Key
tree
4
2
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 6
Cactus, Knowlton Cactus, Kuenzler hedgehog Cactus, Lee pincushion Cactus, Lloyd's hedgehog Cactus, Lloyd's Mariposa
Cactus,
F F F F
NA
Y Y Y Y Y N Y Y Y Y
NA
F F F F F
P
Mesa Verde
Cactus, Nellie cory Cactus, Nichols Turk's head Cactus, Peebles Navajo Cactus, San Rafael Cactus, Siler pincushion Cactus, Sneed pincushion Cactus, spineless hedgehog
2
2 6
F F F F
2 2
38
Listed
Species
Cactus, Uinta Basin hookless Cactus, Wright fishhook
As
T E E T E T E E E E E E T E T E E E E E E T E E T E T E E T E E E
T E E
Recovery
Region
6 6
Plan App.
Y Y
Stage
F F
Achieved
3 3
1
4
1
1
N
Y
U
F
Checker-mallow, pedate
Chumbo, higo
Cinquefoil, Robbins'
Cliff-rose,
4
5
Arizona
2
3
4
1
Loch Lomond
Cress, toad-flax
6 6
1
Cycladenia, Jones
N N Y N Y Y NA N N
U
P
U
F
Rev
2
NA
P P P
N
Y
Maguire
Name)
4
2 2
N N
Y Y Y
NA
A
F F F
Dogweed, ashy
Dropwort, Canby's
Erubia
Spurge, Garber's
4 4 4
1
N
Y Y Y
U
F F
2 2
1 1
American hart's-tongue
4
1
Fiddleneck, large-flowered
Fleabane, rhizome
Four-o'clock, MacFarlane's
Frankenia, Johnston's
N N N N N
Y Y Y
A
P
A A
F F F
P
2 2
2
1
2
1
4
5
N N
Y
U
F
P
Globe-berry,
Tumamoc
N
Y Y N Y N N Y Y Y Y Y
E T T
E T T E E E
4 4
3
F F
T
F
2
4 4 4
1
Goldenrod, white-haired
Gooseberry, Miccosukee (Florida)
NA
F F F F F
2
3
Dune
T
T
2
1
39
Listed
Recovery
Region
1
Species
Haplostachya. narrow-leaved
Harpcrclla
Heartleaf,
As
E E T T E E E E
Plan App.
N N N Y
Stage
p
Achieved
4
4 4 4
u u
F
Higucro dc Sierra
Holly, Cook's
N N
Y Y
A A
F F
2
1
4
1
dwarf lake
Ivesia,
Ash Meadows
T T
E E E E E E E E E E E E E T E E E E E
3
1
N
Y N N N
U
F P P P P P F
P
2
Jewelflowcr, California
Koki'o (=hau-hcle'ula)
Koki'o, Cooke's
Ladies '-tresses, Navasota
N N
Y N Y Y Y Y N
Y
2
1
4 4
3
1
Minnesota trout
Name)
F F F F P F
Locoweed,
Fassctt's
3
1
Lomatium, Bradshaw's
Loosestrife, rough-leaved
4
5
N N N
Y Y N
Y
A U U
F F P F P F
Lousewort, Furbish
Lupine, scrub
4
1
2
1
Mallow. Kern
Mallow, Peter's Mountain
E
T E E E T T E E E E T T E E E E E
2
2
Manaca, palma de
Manzanita, Presido (=Raven's)
4
1
Meadowrue, Cooley's
Mesa-mint, San Diego
Milk-vetch.
4
1
N Y N Y
Y N Y Y
U
F F
P
2
Ash Meadows
6
5
Mancos
2
6
F F
Milk-vetch, Osterhout
N
Y
TA
F
Milkpea, Small's
4
3
N
N Y Y Y Y N
U U
F F F F
4 4
4
4
3
Monkey-flower. Michigan
40
Listed
Recovery
Region
3
Species
Monkshood, northern wild
4ustard, Carter's
/tustard, slender-petaled
As
T E E
Plan App.
Y Y
Stage
R
F
Achieved
2
4
1
Jaupaka, dwarf
Jegra,
cobana
de
Jigua, palo
literwort,
[
Amargosa
fringed
)ak,
Hinckley's
E T E E T
T T E
N N
U
P P
4 4
1
N N
Y
A
F P
2
2
3
N
N N N
Y Y Y
3
1
U U
P F
anicgrass, Carter's
iwpaw. beautiful
iwpaw, four-petal
iwpaw, Rugel's
;los del
E E
E E T E E E E
4 4 4
diablo
4
2
2 6
N
Y Y
;nnyroyal. McKittrick
:nnyroyal, Todsen's
F
3
F F P F F
mstemon, blowout
peromia, Wheeler's
lacelia, clay
lacelia.
?
3 3
4
6
6 5
N N
Y Y N
Y
U A
F F T F
2
North Park
uk,
swamp
Davis' green
? taya,
5
:cher-plant,
Alabama canebrake
mountain sweet
whorled
ft
cher-plant, green
n cher-plant,
'1
im, scrub
gonia, small
tiny
\ lygala,
'(
ndberry
k opy,
c
jc
Sacramento prickly
Dpy-mallow, Texas
ato-bean. Price's
ckly-apple, fragrant
:kly-ash, St.
r
r
Thomas
\ tnrose,
Maguire
black-spored
R illwort,
k
a
a
lh
li(
illwort,
mat-forming
non, palo de
tleweed, hairy
)dodendron. Chapman's
ge-cress (=pepper-cress),
Bameby
lb :k-cress,
McDonald's
h
Ii:
lb a,
palode
h-pea, slender
1 d-verbena, large-fruited
E T E E E E E E E E E E T E E T E E E E E E E E E E E
4 4 4 4
5
N
Y
U
Rev
2
N
Y Y Y
A
F F F
2
3
4 4
2 2
N
N Y N
Y Y Y
U U
F
U
F F F
4
4
6
4 4
4 4 4
6
1
4
2
N N N Y Y N N N N
Y
U
U A
F
F P
A U
U
F
P
41
Listed
Recovery
Region
1
Species
Sandalwood, Lanai or
'iliahi
As
E E E T
E E
Plan App.
N N N
Y
Stage
p
Achieved
l 1 i
1 1 1 1
Sandwort, Cumberland
Schiedea,
4
1
U
p
Diamond Head
Sedge, Navajo
Silversword,
2
1
Mauna Kea
(='Ahinahina)
N
N
Y Y
Skullcap, large-flowered
U U
F F P
Snakeroot
Snowbells, Texas
Spiraea, Virginia
Spineflower, slender-homed
Spurge, deltoid
Stenogyne, narrow-leaved
Sumac, Michaux's
Sunray,
Ash Meadows
Sacramento Mountains
E E T E E E E T T T E E T
4
2
5
1
1 1 1
1 1 1
N N
Y
U
F P
4
1
4
1
N N
Y
U
F
2
1 1
2
1
N N N
Y
U U
P
4
6
1 1
N
Y Y
A
F F T
P P
pygmy
fringe
E
E E T E E E E T E T E T E E E T E E E
4 4
4
6
1 1
1
2
2
1
N N N
Y Y
1 1 1
F F
2
1
Warea, wide-leaf
Water-plantain, Krai's
4 4 4 4
6
Water-willow, Cooley's
N N N
Y Y Y Y
U U U
F F F
1
1
Whitlow-wort, papery
3
1
Wild-buckwheat, clay-loving
Wild-buckwheat, gypsum
Wild-rice, Texas
Wire-lettuce,
2 2
1
2
1 1
Malheur
N
Y
A
F
P
Wireweed
Woolly-star, Hoover's
Woolly-star, Santa
4
1
1
3
1 1
Ana
River
N N N
Y
U
P
1 1
42
Appendix
III.
43
44
Species
Listed
As
Alabama
l
21
25
71
73 75
105
E E E E E E T
119 136
Stork,
wood
T E
E T T E T T E E E T T E E E T T E T E T E E E E
E E E E E E E E E E E E
Woodpecker, red-cockaded
Snake, eastern indigo
Tortoise,
Turtle,
154
157 158
gopher
red-bellied
Alabama
159 160
161
musk
162
163
Kemp's
164
171
180
Alabama
204
206
amber
Darter, boulder (=Elk River) Darter, slackwater Darter, snail Darter, watercress
212
213
214
234
271
Sculpin,
pygmy
Fanshell
Heelsplitter, inflated
273
274
276
277
Mussel, Curtus'
Mussel, Judge
Tait's
278
279
281
Alabama lamp
284
286
291
292
293
294
295 297
paw
299 300
45
Species
Account
Number
301
Species
Pigtoe, fine-rayed Pigtoe, shiny
Shell, stirrup
Listed
E E E E T
T E T
As
303
Amphianthus,
little
364
379
Bladderpod, lyrate
Button, Mohr's Barbara
Fern,
428
American
hart's-tongue
450
468 520
521
Harperella
Leather flower,
Pitcher-plant,
Alabama
E E
E E
Alabama canebrake
Pitcher-plant, green
526
529
Pondberry
Potato-bean, Price's
Trillium, relict
E
T
564 570
Water-plantain, Krai's
E T
Alaska
68
Curlew, Eskimo
Falcon, American peregrine (western) Falcon, Arctic peregrine
72
75
79
427
Fem, Aleutian
shield
E E T E E
Arizona
8 19
Bat, Sanborn's long-nosed
Jaguarundi
28 32
Ocelot
Pronghom, Sonoran
Squirrel,
42 45
56
71
Mount Graham
Mexican
red
Vole, Hualapai
74
75
111
Yuma
clapper
156
179
Tortoise, desert
Catfish, Yaqui
182
185 191
Chub, Sonora
Chub, Virgin River Chub, Yaqui
193
194
226 229
235
Minnow, loach
Pupfish, desert
Shiner, beautiful
E E E E E E E E E T E T T E E T E E T E T
T
239
Spikedace
46
iNumuer
241
species
Spinedace, Little Colorado
Listed
T E
E
As
246
Squawfish, Colorado
254
255
Topminnow, Yaqui
Trout,
Apache
256
261
Trout, Gila
Woundfin
Agave, Arizona
Blue-star, Kearney's
344
370
380
383
T E E E E
E E T E E E E T E T T T
Cactus, Arizona hedgehog Cactus, Brady pincushion Cactus, Cochise pincushion Cactus, Nichol's Turk's head
Cactus, Peebles Navajo
386
395
396 398
409
Arizona
414
437
447
Cycladenia, Jones
490
546
Milkweed, Welsh's
Sedge, Navajo
Arkansas
1
Bat, gray
Bat, Indiana
Bat,
Ozark big-eared
71
Eagle, bald
Falcon, American peregrine (Eastern plan) Falcon, Arctic peregrine
Tern, least (interior population)
E E E E
73
75 122
136
181
Woodpecker, red-cockaded
Cavefish,
E T E E
T T E T T E E
E
Ozark
208
Darter, leopard
248
Sturgeon, pallid
262
272
304
305
311
Fatmucket, Arkansas
Pocketbook,
fat
Pocketbook, speckled
Crayfish, Cave
Beetle,
320 435
Geocarpon minimum
Pondberry
Name)
526
E T E
California
17
Fox, San Joaquin
kit
26
29
Mouse,
Salt
marsh harvest
E E T
E
34
47
Species
Account
Number
35
Species
Rat, giant kangaroo Rat,
Listed
E E E E E E
As
36 37 38
44
59
71
Vole,
Amargosa
Condor, California
Eagle, bald
Falcon, American peregrine (Western plan) Falcon, Arctic peregrine
74
75
E E
T
79
96
100
108
E
T E E E E E T E T E E T T E T T E T E E E E E E E E E E E E T T T E E T
brown
(California plan)
110
111
Yuma clapper
San Clemente loggerhead
113 117
121
Shrike,
127
129 145
146 147
155
156 160
163
165
170
173
182
187
188
tui
229
232
246
247
Owens
unarm ored
threespine
Squawfish, Colorado
Stickleback,
250
251
Modoc
252
258 259
Sucker, shortnose
Trout, Lahontan cutthroat
Trout, Little
Kern golden
260
313
317
321
48
Number
326
327
Species
Beetle, valley elderberry
Listed
longhom
As
328 329
Segundo blue
metalmark
Butterfly, Lange's
330
331
mission blue
332
333
Butterfly,
Oregon
silverspot
334
336
337
Butterfly.
San Bruno
elfin
352
360
361
marsh
Island
374
377
381
405
Centaury, spring-loving
T T E E E E T E E E T E E E E E E T
E
Checker-mallow, pedate
Coyote-thistle,
Loch Lomond
424
425
426
430
445
Dune
446
448
477
Mallow, Kern
Manzanita, Presido (=Raven's)
480
482
498
501
Amargosa
Rock-cress, McDonald's
Spineflower, slender-homed
Ana
River
580
E E E E T E E E T E E E E E E E E E E E E E T E E
49
Species Account
Number
Species
Colorado
Listed
As
16
Ferret, black-footed
62
Crane, whooping
Eagle, bald
_
1
'^
71
74
75
105
122 182
185
Chub, bonytail
Chub, humpback
Squawfish, Colorado
Trout, greenback cutthroat
246 257
E E E E T E E E E E
T
^
4
339
355 363
Skipper,
Pawnee montane
^H
Beardtongue, Penland
388
393
Mesa Verde
400 402
486
487
517
565 573
T E T E T E T E E E
T E
Connecticut
71
Eagle, bald
73 75
104
123
161
Tern, roseate
Turtle, hawksbill sea (=carey) Turtle, leatherback sea Turtle, loggerhead sea
163
164
323
324
436 524
Gerardia, sandplain
E E T T E E E T T T E E
Delaware
41
71
Squirrel,
Eagle, bald
73 75
104
161
163
E E E T T E E
50
Species
Account
Number
164
Species
Turtle, loggerhead sea
Listed
T
E
As
421
Dropwort, Canby's
Pink,
518
swamp
Florida
1
Bat, gray
Bat, Indiana
14
Deer, key
20
22
23
Mouse, Choctawahatchee beach Mouse, Key Largo cotton Mouse, Perdido Key beach Mouse, southeastern beach
Panther, Florida
24
25
27 30
33
Rabbit,
Lower Keys
50
58
71
73 75 83
85
scrub
104
105
E E E E E E E E T E E E T E E T T E T
E,T
114
116 119 123 136
141
wood
Tern, roseate
Woodpecker, red-cockaded
Crocodile, American
E E E T E
E
150
151
152 154
160
161
Snake, Atlantic
salt
marsh
T T T T
E E E E
162
163
Kemp's
164
T
E
211
Darter, Okaloosa
Snail, Stock Island
269 319
335
T T
E E E E
51
Schaus swallowtail
349
356 357
Beauty, Harper's
Bellflower, Brooksville
Species
Account
Number
369
Species
Blazingstar, scrub
Listed
E T E T T E E E E E E E E E
As
372
387
Bonamia, Florida
Cactus,
Key
tree
467
476
481
Lupine, scrub
Meadowrue, Cooley's
Milkpea, Small's
Mint, Garrett's (=scrub, in part)
*B
488
491
1
-4
492
493
Mint, Lakela's
Mint, longspurred
^H
494
497
508 509
Mint, scrub
Mustard, Carter's
E
E E E E E E E E E E E
510
523
525
526
Pondberry
Prickly-apple, fragrant
530 536
549 553
Rhododendron, Chapman's
Snakeroot
Spurge, deltoid
Torreya, Florida
560 562
569
571
Tree,
pygmy
fringe
Warea, wide-leaf
Water-willow Cooley's
Whitlow-wort, papery
E E E
T E E
572
577
581
Georgia
1
Bat, gray
Bat, Indiana
20
71
73 75
104
119
Stork,
wood
136
Woodpecker, red-cockaded
Snake, eastern indigo
Turtle, green sea
154
160
161
E E E E E T T E E T T E
52
Species
Account
Number
162
163
Species
Turtle,
Listed
(Atlantic) ridley sea
As
Kemp s
164
204
213
Darter,
amber
E E T E
Darter, snail
T
little
^^
W^M
220
346 379
421
Logperch, Conasauga
Amphianthus,
m W
Dropwort, Canby s
Harperella
Pink,
e
E
rfV
450
518
521
swamp
Pitcher-plant, green
t E
E
526 533
Pondberry
Quillwort, black-spored
Quillwort, mat-forming
WM B-l tj
i=j
534
535
Rattleweed, hairy
Skullcap, large-flowered
Spiraea, Virginia
HH KH
E T E E E E
548
551
555
Sumac, Michaux
Torreya, Florida
560
563
564
Hawaii
2
51
Bat. Hawaiian hoary
52
53
E E E E
E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E
54
60
63
'Akiapola'au (honeycreeper)
64
65
Oahu (alauwahio)
66 69
70
77 78
80
81
Hawk, Hawaiian
(io)
82
88
90
93
94
95
'O'u (honeycreeper)
53
Species
Account
Number
97
Species
Palila (honeycreeper)
Parrotbill,
Petrel,
Listed
E
E E E T E
As
99
102
106
Maui (honeycreeper)
Hawaiian dark-rumped
Po'ouli (honeycreeper)
112
118
Hawaiian (=Ae'o)
124
125
126
160
161
E E E T E
E T T
163
164
165
Snails,
Oahu
Ewa Plains
358
Bidens, cuneate
434
444
449
Gouania, Hillebrand's
Haplostachya, narrow-leaved
460
461
462
463
Koki'o (=hau-hele'ula)
Koki'o, Cooke's
470
499
507
543 545 547
Sandalwood, Lanai or
Schiedea,
'iliahi
554
566 567
E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E
E E
Uhiuhi (Mezoneuron)
Vetch, Hawaiian
Idaho
10
11
Bear, grizzly or
brown
Caribou, woodland
Wolf, gray (Rocky Mountain plan)
48 62
71
Crane, whooping
Eagle, bald
74
75
432
Four-o'clock, MacFarlane's
T E E E T E T E
54
Species
Account
Number
Species
Illinois
Listed
As
71
Eagle, bald
73 75
105
E E E E T
E,T
122
248
265
271
Sturgeon, pallid
Snail,
E E
Iowa Pleistocene
Fanshell
Pearly mussel, Higgins' eye
290
292 294
296 299
Pearly mussel, orange-footed Pearly mussel, pink mucket Pearly mussel, tubercled-blossom Pearly mussel, white wartyback
304
348
Pocketbook,
fat
376
Bush-clover, prairie
Daisy, lakeside
416
503
524
557
E E E E E E E E T T T T E T
Indiana
1
Bat, gray
Bat, Indiana
71
Eagle, bald
73 75
105
E E E E T
E,T
122
271
Fanshell
Pearly mussel, pink mucket
294 296
298
paw
299 304
E E E E E E
E E T T
Pocketbook,
fat
410
489
557
Milkweed, Mead's
Thistle, Pitcher's
Iowa
3
Bat, Indiana
71
Eagle, bald
73
75
E E E T
55
Species
"
Number
105
Species
Plover, piping (Interior plan)
Listed
T E E E E E T T T T T
As
122
248
265
Sturgeon, pallid
Snail,
Iowa Pleistocene
290 304
376
Pocketbook,
fat
Bush-clover, prairie
489
Milkweed, Mead's
496
503
>
504
H
4
Kansas
1
^H
Bat, gray
Bat, Indiana
62
68
71
Crane, whooping
Curlew, Eskimo
Eagle, bald
74
75
105
122
128
Vireo, black-capped
222
248
Madtom, Neosho
Sturgeon, pallid
Clover, running buffalo
410
489 504
Milkweed, Mead's
Orchid, western prairie fringed
E E E E E E T T E E T E E T T
Kentucky
1
9 71
Eagle, bald
Falcon, American peregrine (Eastern plan)
73 75
105
122 136
197
Woodpecker, red-cockaded
Dace, blackside
Sturgeon, pallid
Fanshell
248
271
279 284
285 288
291
Pearly mussel, Cumberland bean Pearly mussel, dromedary Pearly mussel, little-wing
E E E E E T T E E T E E E E E E E
56
Species
Account
Number
292 294
295
Species
Pearly mussel, orange-footed
Pearly mussel, pink mucket Pearly mussel, purple cat's
Listed
E E E E E
As
paw
296 299
^^
302 304
306 318
Pocketbook,
fat
E
e E E
H H
^H
t|
320
410
441
Goldenrod, Short's
WM rl tj
442
529
Goldenrod, white-haired
Potato-bean, Price's
544
551
Sandwort, Cumberland
Spiraea, Virginia
E9 ^J hfl
Louisiana
20
71
73 75
101
brown (Eastern
plan)
105
122
136
Woodpecker, red-cockaded
Tortoise,
E E E T E T E E
157 160
161
gopher
T
T E E E T T E T E E
\
162
163
Kemp's
164
167
sawback
248 273
Sturgeon, pallid
Heelsplitter, inflated
280
526
Pearlshell, Louisiana
Pondberry
Maine
71
Eagle, bald
Falcon, American peregrine (Eastern plan)
73 75 104
123
Tern, roseate
475
503
Lousewort, Furbish
Orchid, eastern prairie fringed
Pogonia, small whorled
524
E E T T E E T E
57
Species
Account
Number
Species
Listed
As
Maryland
3
Bat, Indiana
Squirrel,
41
71
Eagle, bald
73 75
104
161
163
B
4
164
209
>^H
Darter,
Maryland
275
>J
<
323
^H
324
421
Dropwort, Canby's
Gerardia, sandplain
436
450
518
Harperella
Pink,
swamp
524
E E E E T T E E T E E T T E E E T E
Massachusetts
71
Eagle, bald
73 75 104
123
161
E E T
E,T E,T
Tern, roseate
Turtle, hawksbill sea (=carey) Turtle, leatherback sea Turtle, loggerhead sea Turtle,
163
164 166
Plymouth red-bellied
Amer. burying (=giant carrion)
275
320
323
324
436
524
Gerardia, sandplain
E E T E E E T T E E
Michigan
3
Bat, Indiana
E
E,T
46
71
73 75
105
T E T
E,T
133
428
American
hart's-tongue
440
Goldenrod, Houghton's
E T T
58
Species
Account
Number
457
495
503
Species
Iris,
Listed
T E T E T
As
dwarf lake
Monkey-flower, Michigan
Orchid, eastern prairie fringed
Pogonia, small whorled
Thistle, Pitcher's
524
557
Minnesota
46
71
Wolf, gray (Eastern timber)
Eagle, bald
73 75
105
T T E T
E,T
290
376
469 504
Minnesota trout
E T E T
Mississippi
3
Bat, Indiana
E
E E E E
20
61 71
73 75
101
105
122 136
Woodpecker, red-cockaded
Snake, eastern indigo
Tortoise,
154
157
gopher
160
161
T E T E E T T T E
E E T T T E
162
163
Kemp's
164 167
sawback
205
Darter, bayou
248 273
Sturgeon, pallid
Heelsplitter, inflated
T
E
274
276 277
278 307
E
E E E E T
Mussel, Marshall's
Mussel, penitent
Shell, stirrup
526 529
Pondberry
Potato-bean, Price's
59
Species
Account
Number
Species
Missouri
Listed
As
7 71
Bat,
Ozark big-eared
Eagle, bald
73
75
105
122
181
Cavefish,
Darter,
Ozark
210
222
248 287
Niangua
Madtom, Neosho
Sturgeon, pallid
Pearly mussel, Curtis' Pearly mussel, Higgins' eye
Pocketbook,
fat
Bladder-pod, Missouri
435
Geocarpon minimum
Milkweed, Mead's
(=Sci.
Name)
489 504
526
Pondberry
E E E E E T T E T T T E E E E E T E T T T E
Montana
10
16
Bear, grizzly or
brown
Ferret, black-footed
48
62
71
Crane, whooping
Eagle, bald
74
75
105
122
248
Sturgeon, pallid
T E E E E E T T E E
Nebraska
62
68
71
Crane, whooping
Curlew, Eskimo
Eagle, bald
74
75
105
122
248
Sturgeon, pallid
Pearly mussel, Higgins' eye
Beetle,
290 320
E E E E T T E E E E
60
Species
Account
Number
504 514
Species
Orchid, western prairie fringed
Listed
T
E
As
Penstemon, blowout
Nevada
71
Eagle, bald
Falcon, American peregrine (Western plan)
Falcon, Arctic peregrine
Tortoise, desert
74
75
156 182
189
193 195
Dace, Ash Meadows speckled Dace, Clover Valley speckled Dace, desert Dace, Independence Valley speckled Dace,
201
203
Moapa
Pahrump
219
227
Killifish,
Pupfish,
230
233
Warm
Springs
240
242
243
244
245
258
261
Woundfin
Naucorid, Ash
Blazingstar,
338
Meadows
367
375
Ash Meadows
Buckwheat, steamboat
Centaury, spring-loving
556
Ash Meadows Milk-vetch, Ash Meadows Niterwort, Amargosa Sunray, Ash Meadows
Ivesia,
E E T T E E E E E E T E E E E E E T E E T E T E T T E T T T T E T
New Hampshire
71
Eagle, bald
73 75
E T
E
275
324
408
485
Cinquefoil, Robbins'
Milk-vetch, Jesup's
524
T E E E
61
Species
Account
Number
Species
Listed
As
New
3
Bat, Indiana
Jersey
E E E T T E E T T T E
71
Eagle, bald
73
75 104
161
163
164
323
518
Pink,
swamp
524
New Mexico
6
8
Bat,
Mexican long-nosed
47
62
71
Crane, whooping
Eagle, bald
74
75
122
149
Rattlesnake,
184
Chub, Chihuahua
Gambusia, Pecos
217 226
235
Minnow, loach
Shiner, beautiful Shiner, Pecos bluntnose
237
239 254
256
261
Spikedace
Topminnow, Yaqui
Trout, Gila
Woundfin
Isopod, Socorro
Cactus, Knowlton
390
391
393
Mesa Verde
399
431
Fleabane, rhizome
Milk-vetch,
486
512
513
Mancos
527 558
Sacramento Mountains
574
Wild-buckwheat, gypsum
E E E E E E T E T T E T T T T E E E E E E T E T E T E T E E T T
62
Species
Account
Number
Species
Listed
As
New
3
Bat, Indiana
York
E E E T T E E E E T T E T T E T T E
71
Eagle, bald
73
75 104
105
123
161
Tern, roseate
Turtle, hawksbill sea (=carey) Turtle, leatherback sea Turtle, loggerhead sea
163
164
263 275
323
amber
428
Fern,
American
hart's-tongue
436
496
518
Gerardia, sandplain
swamp
524
North Carolina
3
Bat, Indiana Bat, Virginia big-eared
E
E E T E E E E T T E T E E E T T E T T E E E E E
20
39
Swamp southeastern
40
49
71
Wolf, red
Eagle, bald
Falcon, American peregrine (Eastern plan) Falcon, Arctic peregrine
Plover, piping (Atlantic)
73
75
104 136
Woodpecker, red-cockaded
Turtle, green sea Turtle, hawksbill sea (=carey) Turtle,
160
161
162
163
Kemp's
164
192
Chub, spotfin
Shiner,
Cape Fear
Silverside,
Waccamaw
Snail,
noonday
309 347
351
Arrowhead, bunched
Avens, spreading
63
Species
Account
Number
362
368
371
Species
Bittercress, small-anihered
Listed
E T
As
Blazingstar, Heller's
Bluet,
Roan Mountain
421
Dropwort, Canby's
Goldenrod, Blue Ridge
Harperella
Heartleaf, dwarf-flowered
439
450
451
452 474
481
Meadowrue, Cooley's
Pink,
518
521
swamp
mountain sweet
Pondberry
Spiraea, Virginia
555
Sumac, Michaux's
E E T E T T E E T E E E E T E
North Dakota
16
Ferret, black-footed
62
71
Crane, whooping
Eagle, bald
74
75
105
122
248
Sturgeon, pallid
504
E E E E T T E E T
Ohio
3
Bat, Indiana
71
Eagle, bald
Falcon, American peregrine (Eastern plan) Falcon, Arctic peregrine
Plover, piping (Interior plan)
73 75
105
E E E
T
E,T
223
271
Madtom, Scioto
Fanshell
Pearly mussel, pink mucket Pearly mussel, white cat's
Clover, running buffalo
Daisy, lakeside
294
298
paw
410
416 496
503
E E E E E T T T
Oklahoma
1
E E
64
Species
Account
Number
7
Species
Bat,
Listed
E E E E E T T E E E T T T E T
As
Ozark big-eared
62
Crane, whooping
Curlew, Eskimo
Eagle, bald
68
71
74
75
105
122
128
Vireo, black-capped
136
181
Woodpecker, red-cockaded
Cavefish,
Ozark
208
Darter, leopard
222
Madtom, Neosho
Beetle, Amer. burying (=giant carrion)
320 504
Oregon
13
71
74
75
79
96
100 160
163
165 183 186
brown
(California plan)
Turtle, green sea Turtle, leatherback sea Turtle, olive (Pacific) ridley sea
E T E T E T E T E T E T
T E
200 250
252
253 258
332
Oregon
silverspot
E T T T
E E E
432
473
576
Four-o'clock, MacFarlane's
Lomatium, Bradshaw's
Wire-lettuce, Malheur
Pennsylvania
3
Bat, Indiana
71
Eagle, bald
Falcon, American peregrine (Eastern plan) Falcon, Arctic peregrine
Plover, piping (Interior plan)
73 75
105
E E E T
E.T
271
Fanshell
279
E E
65
Species
Account
Number
323
Species
Beetle, northeastern beach tiger
Listed
T E T
As
524
551
Rhode
71
Eagle, bald
Island
E E T T E E E T E T E E
73 75
104
123
161
Tern, roseate
Turtle, hawksbill sea (=carey) Turtle, leatherback sea
163
164
320
323
Beetle,
436 524
Gerardia, sandplain
South Carolina
3
Bat, Indiana
20
71
73 75
104
119 136
Stork,
wood
Woodpecker, red-cockaded
Snake, eastern indigo
Turtle, green sea Turtle, hawksbill sea (=carey) Turtle,
154 160
161
162
163
Kemp's
164
346
347
421
Amphianthus,
little
Arrowhead, bunched
Dropwort, Canby's
Gooseberry, Miccosukee (Florida)
Harperella
Heartleaf, dwarf-flowered
Loosestrife, rough-leaved
443
450
451
E E E E T T E E T T E E E T T E E T E T
E T E E E
474
518
Pink,
swamp
mountain sweet
522 524
526 533
555
Pitcher-plant,
Pondberry
Quillwort, black-spored
Sumac, Michaux's
E E
66
Species
Account
Number
563
Species
Trillium, persistent Trillium, relict
Listed
E E
As
564
South Dakot
16
Ferret, black-footed
E
E
62
Crane, whooping
Curlew, Eskimo
Eagle, bald
Falcon, American peregrine (Western plan) Falcon, Arctic peregrine
Plover, piping (Interior plan)
68
71
74
75
105
E E E T T
E E T
122
248
Sturgeon, pallid
504
Tennessee
1
40
71
Eagle, bald
Falcon, American peregrine (Eastern plan) Falcon, Arctic peregrine
Tern, least (interior population)
73 75 122
136 190 192
197
Woodpecker, red-cockaded
206
212
213
220 224
225
Logperch, Conasauga
248 268
271
Fanshell
E E E E E T E E T T T E T T E E T E T E
E E E E E E E E E
I
279
281
282
283
284
285
286
288 289
291
292
67
Species
Account
Number
293
Species
Pearly mussel, pale
lilliput
Listed
E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E
As
294
295
paw
296
297
Pearly mussel, tubercled-blossom Pearly mussel, turgid-blossum Pearly mussel, white wartyback Pearly mussel, yellow-blossom
Pigtoe, fine-rayed
299 300
301
302
303
306
312 350
351
Crayfish, Nashville
Aster, Ruth's golden
Avens, spreading
Bluet,
371
Roan Mountain
411
E
T T E T E E T
428 439
521
American hart's-tongue
529
Potato-bean, Price's
544
548
551
Sandwort, Cumberland
Skullcap, large-flowered
Spiraea, Virginia
Texas
6
18
Bat,
Mexican long-nosed
Jaguarundi
20
28
62
68
71
74
75
76
101
brown (Eastern
plan)
105 107
122
128
E E E E E E E E T E E T E E
E E E T T E E
Vireo, black-capped
132 136
153
Woodpecker, red-cockaded
Snake, Concho water
Turtle, green sea Turtle, hawksbill sea (=carey)
160
161
162
Turtle,
Kemp's
68
Species
Account
Number
163
Species
Turtle, leatherback sea
Turtle, loggerhead sea
Listed
E
As
164
172
175
176
207
215 216
217
218 228
231
Pupfish,
322
325
Beetle, Kretschmarr
Beetle, Tooth
T T E E E E E E E E E E
E E E E E E T T E T E E E E E E E T T E E E
E E E
340
341
Cave
Bladder-pod, white
Cactus, black lace Cactus, bunched cory Cactus, Chisos Mountain hedgehog Cactus, Lloyd's hedgehog Cactus, Lloyds Mariposa Cactus, Nellie cory
Cactus, Sneed pincushion
384
385
391
392
394
399 401
419 420
433
Dogweed, ashy
Frankenia, Johnston's
464
502 512 519
528
541
Oak, Hinckley's
Pennyroyal, McKittrick
Pitaya, Davis' green
Poppy-mallow, Texas
Rush-pea, slender
Sand-verbena, large-fruited
Snowbells, Texas
Wild-rice, Texas
542
550
575
Utah
16
31
Ferret, black-footed
Prairie dog,
Utah
T
E
E.T
62
71
Crane, whooping
Eagle, bald
74
75
E T
69
Species
Account
Number
156 182
185 193
Species
Tortoise, desert
Listed
T E E E E E T E E
As
246
249
258
261
Lahontan cutthroat
Woundfin
Bear-poppy, dwarf
Buttercup, autumn
354 378
397 398 400
Cactus, San Rafael Cactus, Siler pincushion Cactus, spineless hedgehog Cactus, Unita Basin hookless Cactus, Wright fishhook
Cress, toad-flax
E E E E
T E
402
403 413
E
T E T T E T E T
414
417
Cycladenia, Jones
Daisy,
Maguire
484 490
516
Milk-vetch, heliotrope
Milkweed, Welsh's
Phacelia, clay
532
537
561
Primrose, Maguire
Ridge-cress (=pepper-cress), Barneby
Vermont
3
Bat, Indiana
71
Eagle, bald
73 75
275
324
408
485 524
Cinquefoil, Robbins'
Milk-vetch, Jesup's
E E E T E T E E E
Virginia
1
39
41
Shrew, Dismal
Squirrel,
Swamp southeastern
43
71
Eagle, bald
73
75
104
E E E T E E E E T T
70
Species
Account
Number
136
Species
Woodpecker, red-cockaded
Turtle, green sea
Turtle, hawksbill sea (=carey) Turtle,
Listed
E
As
160
161
T
E E E T E
162
163
Kemp's
164
174
190 192
Salamander, Shenandoah
221
225
Madtom, yellowfin
Snail, Virginia fringed
270
271
mountain
T T E T E
E E E E E E E
^h
^H
iBd
B*^
Fanshell
275
282
283
284
285
Pearly mussel, Cumberland bean Pearly mussel, Cumberland monkeyface Pearly mussel, dromedary Pearly mussel, green-blossom
Pearly mussel, little-wing Pearly mussel, pink mucket
Pigtoe, fine-rayed Pigtoe, rough Pigtoe, shiny
Riffle shell, tan
286
288
289
291
294
301
E E E E E
E
302
303
E
E E T T
306 308
314
323
359
478
503
518
swamp
524
539
551
E E T T E E T
Washington
10
11
Bear, grizzly or
brown
T
E E E T
Caribou, woodland
Deer, Columbian white-tailed
13
48
71
74
75
E T
71
Species
Account
Number
79
96
100
Species
Goose, Aleutian Canada
Listed
E T E T E T T
As
brown
(California plan)
160
163 165
Turtle, green sea Turtle, leatherback sea Turtle, olive (Pacific) ridley sea
Butterfly,
332
Oregon
silverspot
West
Virginia
E E E E E
T T T E E E E E E E E T
9
<>H
43
71
Eagle, bald
^H
73 75
169
264
271
Fanshell
279
294
296
308
410 450
539
551
Wisconsin
3
Bat, Indiana
46
71
73
75
105 133
E E T E T
E,T
290
376
457 472
496
557
dwarf lake
Fassett's
Locoweed,
E E T T T T T
Wyoming
10
16
Bear, grizzly or
brown
Ferret, black-footed
48
62
Crane, whooping
T E E E
72
Species
Account
Number
71
Species
Eagle, bald
Listed
E
As
74
75
178
Toad,
Wyoming
202 246
Dace, Kendall
Warm Springs
Squawfish, Colorado
E T E E E
163
164
165
T E E T T
District of
71
Eagle, bald
Columbia
E E T E
73 75
310
Amphipod, Hay's
spring
Guam
4
5
Bat,
little
Mariana
fruit
57 67 84
91
Broadbill,
Guam
Crow, Mariana
Kingfisher,
Guam Micronesian
Mariana
Moorhen
Rail,
(gallinule),
common
109
Guam
Mariana gray (=Vanikoro)
120
Swiftlet,
134
160
161
White-eye, bridled
Turtle, green sea Turtle, hawksbill sea (=carey) Turtle, leatherback sea
Turtle, loggerhead sea
163
164
165
465
E E E E E E E E E T E E T T E
Commonwealth
67 86 87
Crow, Mariana
Mallard, Mariana
89
91
Moorhen
(gallinule),
Mariana
common
E T
120
130
160
73
Species
Account
Number
161
Species
Turtle, hawksbill sea (=carey) Turtle, leatherback sea Turtle, loggerhead sea
Turtle, olive (Pacific) ridley sea
Listed
E E T T E
As
163
164
165
465
Palau (Trust)
15
Dugong
Megapode, Micronesian (La
Crocodile, saltwater
Turtle, green sea Turtle, hawksbill sea (=carey) Turtle, leatherback sea Turtle, loggerhead sea Turtle, olive (Pacific) ridley sea
87
142 160
161
Perouse's)
163
E E E T E E
T
164
165
Puerto Rico
20
55
73 Manatee, West Indian (Florida)
Blackbird, yellow-shouldered
Falcon, American peregrine (Eastern plan) Falcon, Arctic peregrine
E E E
T
75
92
98
101
Rican
Pelican,
103 123
E E E E
T E T E E T T E E T T T E E E T E E E E E E
137
138
Boa,
Mona
139
143
Gecko, Monito
Iguana,
144
Mona ground
160
161
Turtle, green sea Turtle, hawksbill sea (=carey) Turtle, leatherback sea Turtle, loggerhead sea
163
164
168
177
Coqui, golden
Toad, Puerto Rican crested
353
Bariaco
373
Boxwood,
Vahl's
404
407 418
Chumbo, higo
Daphnopsis hellerana (=Sci. Name)
Erubia
Fern, elfin tree
422
429 438
453
Higuero de Sierra
Holly, Cook's
454
74
Species
\ccount
dumber
479 500
505
Species
Manaca, palma de
Negra, cobana
Listed
T T
E E E E
As
Nigua, Palo de
Palo de
506
511 515
531
Ramon
Peperomia, Wheeler's
Prickly-ash, St.
Thomas
540
Rosa, palo de
E E
Virgin Islands
20
73 75
101
123
Tern, roseate
140
148
Croix ground
160
161
Turtle, green sea Turtle, hawksbill sea (=carey) Turtle, leatherback sea
163
164
177
531
Thomas
E E T E T E E T E E T T E
75
Appendix
I
IV.
Individual Species
7.
10.
Species:
Common name,
name
Birds,
Although
followed by scientific
2.
is different
from
responsible for
published report
Congress on
Group: Mammals,
Region
is
is listed.
Otherwise, there
to indicate the
Listing/Date: Threatened or
previous reports.
11.
(Final-Approved), Rev
(Revision- Approved)
Draft),
(Agency
Major
Activity
Over Next
Unknown.
5.
Reporting Period:
Recovery Achieved:
18 (see explanation, p.
Title:
8).
The date
6.
of the
is
Recovery Plan
on the plan
applicable.
9.
indicated,
The progress toward recovery is indicated on a fractional scale, with "1" signifying 0-259 Of SM
recovery objective bdQg -\v met. "2" signifying >-><>
total
,
.
one recovery plan, a separate report has been completed for each recovery plan (unless the lead Region for recovery can summarize the total species' status
[i.e.
Recovery Objective/Criteria:
Recovery Objectives are selected
among:
Delist, Downlist, or
13.
signify-
Information Current as
of:
been identified. The criteria are summarized in the narrative portion. Quantitative information
is
"N/A"
is
not
applicable. If
no recovery plan
point, "Pending"
included,
if
known.
some
inserted.
77
Appendix
IV.
Mammals
78
Gray bat
1.
9.
Recovery Objective/Criteria:
Delisting.
1.
grisescens)
2.
The
species
may be
when.
re-
Listing/Date: Endangered/April
28, 1976
classified to threatened
75%
of the
3.
4.
Group:
Mammals
and
90%
Recovery
Priority: 8
Title:
be protected from disturbance by landowner contacts, conservation agreements, and erecting gates, fencing and restrictive signs. Ceasusing of high priority maternity and * infca cave populations will continue.
tinue to
Gray Bat
species
ered
Recovery Achieved: 3
8.
26,
1990
in
1.
9.
Listing/Date:
10.
13,
Endangered/October
3.
1970
11.
None
Major Activity Over Next
Reporting Period: None
pated.
12.
is
Group:
Mammals
Unknown
antici-
4.
5.
Species Status:
Recovery
Priority: 15
Title:
Recovery Achieved:
6.
7.
Recovery Plan
Pending
August
1990
8.
79
Indiana bat
1.
10.
2.
Listing/Date: Endangered/March
11,
1967
Major Activity Since Last Report: Guano found at priority 1 and 2 hibemacula in Regions 3 and 4 was analyzed for pesticides and
other contaminants. Preliminary
11.
Major Activity Over Next Reporting Period: Both summer habitat studies will be continued. The final report from a separate
five-year (Section 6 funded) stud)
in Illinois will
3. 4.
5. 6.
Group:
Mammals
is
be completed. The
disturbance study
for
its
winter
will
human
be continued
final year.
Recovery
Priority: 8
Title:
Recovery Plan
The
first
year of
summer
7.
habitat studies in Missouri and Indiana was completed (section 6 funding). These studies are aimed
at
will
determining
if
differences in
its
occupied
8.
summer
habitat or
use are
summer and winter sites. Guidelines for summer habitat protection will
results of
to date.
9.
The
first
year of a
human disturcaves in
when
per-
was completed
at three
stable
popat
conis
Caves will continue to be protected from disturbance by landowner contacts, conservation agreements, and erecting gates, fencing and restrictive signs.
12.
caves. Delisting
the
occur
when
same condi-
needed
confirm
Recovery Achieved: 2
this prelimi-
tions apply to
50%
of the priority
nary finding.
2 hibemacula.
25, 1990
Little
1.
Marianas
8.
fruit
bat
{Pteropus tokudae)
2.
Not Approved
as
Listing/Date: Endangered/August
27,
1984
9.
Recovery Objective/Criteria:
(believed to be extinct)
N/A
3. 4. 5. 6.
Group:
Mammals
10.
Recovery
Priority: 5
Title:
designation.
Recovery Plan
Recovery
11.
and
7.
Little
on Guam.
1
Recovery Achieved:
August
1990
80
Marianas
1.
fruit
bat
em Guam.
10.
Listing/Date: Endangered/August
27,
1984
3.
Group:
Mammals
4.
5. 6.
Guam. Drafted
proposal for
criti-
Recovery
Priority: 3
11.
Recovery Plan Title: Recovery Plan for the Marianas Fruit Bat and Little Marianas Fruit Bat
Major Activity Over Next Reporting Period: Continue a monitoring program on Guam.
Strengthen law enforcement capabilities to control
7.
poaching.
8.
A/1986
9.
Not Approved
brown
yet
tree snake.
Propose
critical habitat
designation on
Recovery Objective/Criteria: To
reclassify status to threatened by
Guam.
12.
Recovery Achieved:
Guam to
August
1990
minimum
colonies in northern
Guam
and a
Species:
Mexican long-nosed
bat
9.
Recovery Objective/Criteria: To
(Leptonycteris nivalis)
.2.
be developed.
10.
Listing/Date:
Group:
Mammals
Unknown
11.
Major Activity Since Last Report: Recovery plan under development; draft due from contractor
December
15,
1990
4.
Species Status:
5.
Recovery
Priority: 5
Title:
5.
Recovery Plan
Pending
12.
be finalized
1
7.
Recovery Achieved:
I.
1990
81
11.
monitoring
ued.
is
at
known
maternity
Oklahoma
State University
finalizing report
on habitat
Group:
Mammals
4. 5. 6.
Species Status:
U
A Recovery
Recovery
Priority: 3
Title:
Recovery Plan
for
8.
and hibernacula. The Oklahoma Department of Wildlife Conservation (ODWC) was funded through Sec. 6 for a second year to measure microclimate, size, structure, and entrance aspect of caves and distribution and abundance of foraging areas surrounding caves.
and Arkansas. Continue population monitoring. Complete OSU study. Develop and begin to implement a protection and management plan for the Oklahoma Bat Cave National Wildlife Refuge. Continue Section 6 project of protection and management of caves on private land. Attempt to purchase important cave. Try to initiate telemetry study of habitat use.
The
12.
Nature Conservancy is continuing negotiations with a land owner in an attempt to purchase an important maternity cave.
Recovery Achieved:
1990
9.
The
ODWC
to de-
Major Activity Since Last Report: The search for new caves in eastern Oklahoma was extended into
management
on
of important caves
their property.
9.
{=yerbabuenae))
10.
2.
Listing/Date:
Group:
Mammals
Unknown
11.
Major Activity Since Last Report: Cave has been renovated. Some bat use may have been detected.
Historic habitat in Colossal
4.
5.
6.
Species Status:
Recovery
Priority: 5
Title:
Recovery Plan
Pending
12.
Recovery Achieved:
7.
1990
8.
82
Virginia big-eared bat
1.
8.
Listing/Date:
9.
Endangered/November
3.
30, 1979
Group:
Mammals
95%
of
all
known
active colonies
4.
95%
of the
known mater-
5.
Recovery
Priority: 9
Title:
nity colonies
and hibemacula.
6.
Recovery Plan for the Ozark Big-Eared Bat and the Virginia Big-Eared Bat
Recovery Plan
10.
The
foraging
and hibemacula
in associa-
Recovery Achieved: 2
1990
Grizzly bear
9.
Recovery Objective/Criteria:
Delist: Yellowstone population
augment Cabinet/Yaak
'n
expanses
of
agement Units and human-caused mortality does not exceed 7 total or 2 females; Northern Continen22 females tal Divide population with cubs, family groups in 20 of 23 units, and human-caused mor-
population.
record
number
of
one
of the lowest
to evaluate status
tality
not
to
exceed 14
total or
among
terrestrial
for fe-
Divide
alyze
if
cubs, family
(NCD)
population objectives
groups in 18 of 21
tion
cubs, family
management
done
in
strategies will be
groups
ity
not to
4 of 7
FY
91 for the
NCD popu3
lation.
numbers
I.
are to
be calculated
a
annually,
some based on
running
1975
3.
Group:
Mammals
6 year average, others based on a running 3 year average. Criteria for Bitterroot and North Cascades
populations are not developed.
10. Major Activity Since Last Report: An agreement with British
FY
Placement of
more
X.
Ecosystem is planned for FY 91. Programs to monitor the population status in the Yellowstone
5.
Recovery
Priority:
3C
Grizzly Bear
Ecosystem
will also
5.
Title:
Of subadults
from Canada
into the
7.
management and
re12.
13.
United States.
Recovery Achieved: 2
Information Qnreni as of July
J.
1990
83
Woodland Caribou
1.
Species:
[Selkirk
Woodland Caribou
Mountain population]
bou,
some
man-
caused mortality.
10.
Listing/Date:
Endangered/January
3. 4.
14,
1983
Group:
Mammals
to the transplants)
The third transplant was done in March 1990, when 12 new animals were added
to the
Selkirk
only due
5. 6.
Recovery
Priority:
3C
11.
producing.
7.
reproduction, survivability,
8.
Recovery Plan Stage/Date: F/April 12, 1983 Recovery Objective/Criteria: Manage for an interior population of approximately 100 animals. Currently at 60-70 animals due to infusion of 60 transplanted cari12.
This
9.
Recovery Achieved: 2
1990
Eastern cougar
1.
9.
concolor couguar)
2.
Listing/Date: Endangered/June 4,
1973
3. 4. 5. 6.
downlisting
is
the discovery or
Group:
Mammals
with a
adults.
is
minimum
The
of
50 breeding
Recovery
Priority: 18
of 3 self-sustaining populations,
minimum
of
50
7.
Major Activity Since Last Report: None. Major Activity Over Next
Reporting Period: None
anticipated.
8.
12.
Recovery Achieved:
1990
84
Species:
Columbian
white-tailed
Umpqua
Basin of
Listing/Date:
Endangered/March
11,1967
l.
known range
of the
species in Douglas
Group:
Mammals
\.
rated
ditions. Delist:
!.
A miniat
i.
Columbian
500 deer
distributed in
Umpqua
Basin of
;:.
The Columbian white-tailed deer prefers moist prairie and woodland habitat In 1972, the Fish and Wildlife Service established the Columbian WhiteTailed Deer National Wildlife Refuge in the State of Washington to protect the habitat of the speaes
cies.
Continuation of population
'
CWTD.
11.
monitoring.
A minimum of
two
Land
of which
must be located on
se-
A minimum
Columbia River initiated by Fish and Wildlife Service. Range expansion analysis and disease studies are ongoing for Roseburg population by state wildlife agency.
Identification of suitable recovery
400
Continuation of efforts
habitat for the
tion.
to
secure
Roseburg popula-
Continuation of population
monitoring.
12.
and
initial
con-
Roseburg population: Downlist: 1000 CWTD can be maintained viable on lands within the
Recovery Achieved: 4
by
were made in the Roseburg area state and federal wildlife agen-
24,
1990
Key deer
Species:
9.
Recovery Objective/Criteria:
Stabilize/Focus of the recovery
actions
is
virginianus clavium)
Roadside clearing
area.
in mortality
Listing/Date:
on the prevention of a
11,1967
Group:
Key
its
deer
Mammals
on
is
to
1 1.
Recovery
Priority:
6C
Key Deer
10.
250-300
deer.
Title:
and species
Recovery Achieved:
Ongoing land acquisition to increase Key Deer Refuge. Habitat management studies. (Prescribed burning and
survival plan.
Information Current as
oft
Julv
1990
85
Dugong
1.
Species:
Dugong (Dugong
10.
dugong)
2.
None
11.
2,
Listing/Date:
Endangered/December
3.
4. 5. 6. 7.
1970
An
aerial sur-
Group:
Mammals
Unknown
4
Pending
12.
vey of the dugongs of Belau (the only area within our jurisdiction
Species Status:
where they
are
known
to
occur)
is
Recovery
Priority:
Recovery Plan
Recovery Achieved:
Title:
August
1990
8.
9.
Black-footed ferret
1.
11.
{Mustela nigripes)
2.
Listing/Date: Endangered/March
11,
below establishment
area required
is
rate of
new
1967
ments
by
for three
185,000 acres.
3. 4.
Group:
Mammals
10.
FY
be
118
ferrets.
Successful
5. 6.
Recovery
Priority:
ferrets in
1990
the population.
The
draft
management plan
for
up
at several additional
zoos
to
7.
max-
8.
14,
proposed
Recovery Achieved:
9.
been achieved
increase captive
to
breeding population
200 breed-
1990
WY
drafted, with a
back-up
site at
Shirley Basin,
gram
to
WY. A
was continued.
86
San Joaquin
L.
kit
fox
Species:
San Joaquin
kit fox
minimum
of 5,000 contiguous
Listing/Date:
Endangered/March
must show
of 10
self-
11,1967
I.
minimum
Group:
Mammals
10.
consecutive years.
\.
I.
Recovery
Priority:
3C
San Joaquin
i.
Recovery Plan
Title:
in the
southern part
good
if
portion
.
the range.
20,
1990
Jaguarundi
Species: Jaguarundi (2 subspecies)
10.
18,19
11.
on and
off
Listing/Date: Endangered/June
14,
1976
(NWR),
Texas,
Group:
Mammals
Unknown
Species Status:
menting jaguarundi.
in areas
On several
sight-
Recovery Priority: 6
Recovery Plan Title: Listed Cats of Arizona and Texas Recovery Plan
where jaguarundi
be on actively surveying areas of confirmed presence and expand surveys in Class I and II sighting
areas.
12.
One
intensive
was
Recovery Achieved:
headquarters. However,
efforts
for
13. Information
Currem
as oft July
1990
Recovery Plan Stage/Date: F/August22, 1990 Recovery Objective/Criteria: Downlist and Delist
seedlings consisting primarily of ebony, whitebrush and brasil, as well as tepehuaje, wild olive, and
87
Species:
(Trichechus manatus)
2.
Listing/Date: Endangered/March
11,1967
3.
Group:
Mammals
4.
5.
Recovery
Priority:
5C
Florida
6.
Recovery Plan
Title:
8.
9.
Recovery Objective/Criteria:
Florida manatee
Downlist/
The manatee is found in warm shallow coastal waters south of North Carolina. Female calves reach maturity in approximately 4 years, whereas males take 7 years
tion of the areas primarily used by manatees for feeding. Information on movement patterns will also be collected. Florida manatee The revised Florida Manatee Recovery Plan was approved by the Regional Director on May 2,
manatees on both the Atlantic and Gulf Coasts. Downlisting should be considered when population modeling indicates that the population is growing or is stable,
when
decreasing, and
when
habitats are
1989.
The
West Indian Manatee A proposal has been written to conduct a study of the West Indian manatee population at Roosevelt Roads Naval Station on southeastern Puerto Rico. The study will be funded by the U.S. Navy and will
include estimating population
the
1990 Florida Legislature passed a manatee protection bill which expands the Department of Natural
Resources authority to protect manatees under the Florida Manatee Sanctuary Act.
11.
Powerboats are the greatest threat to manatees as they are often fatally struc by propellers. The Fish and Wildlife Service and the State of Florida are
mana-
working together to establish protective zones. In March 1990, a new manatee sanctuary was established, in cooperation with the National
implement tasks
Aeronautics and
Space
being conducted
to
obtain pop-
Recovery Achieved:
10.
1990
88
Species:
(Peromyscus polionotus
ol
ammobates)
2.
50%
is
Listing/Date: Endangered/June 6,
1985
3. 4.
5.
6.
Group:
Mammals
Major Activity Since Last Report: The major activities have been the captive propagation of Alabama
beach mice and
their
Recovery Priority:
3C
subsequent
critical
Recovery Plan Title: Choctawhatchee Beach Mouse, Perdido Key Beach Mouse and Alabama Beach Mouse Recovery
Plan
7.
8.
Recovery Achieved: 2
June
9.
may
1990
when
mouse
9.
Recovery Objective/Criteria: To
be developed.
Listing/Date:
12,
Endangered/May
1989
Major Activity Since Last Report: Ongoing Game and Fish Commission study on the mouse's
population distribution and on the
effects of feral cats.
3.
Group:
Mammals
11.
4.
5.
6C
Pending
12.
None
5.
Title:
7.
Recoveiy Achieved:
I.
1990
89
minimum
habitat
is
of
50%
of the critical
Listing/Date: Endangered/June 6,
1985
3. 4. 5. 6.
by mice.
10.
Group:
Mammals
Unknown
3C
Two proposed
tial
Species Status:
developments in
Recovery
tat.
Priority:
11.
Recovery Plan Title: Choctawhatchee Beach Mouse, Perdido Key Beach Mouse and Alabama Beach Mouse Recovery
Plan
12.
above
mentioned developments.
Recovery Achieved:
1
7.
1990
8.
9.
when
Species:
Key Largo
cotton
mouse
9.
Listing/Date:
Group:
Mammals
11.
4. 5.
6. 7.
Recovery
Priority:
3C
12.
Recovery Achieved: 4
Recovery Plan
Title:
Pending
13. Information Current as of: July
1990
8.
90
mouse
11.
I.
Listing/Date: Endangered/June 6,
1985
;
I.
Group:
Mammals
beach mouse populations, continued beach refurbishment, monitoring whether mice use the created habitat, and continuing
research into the genetic viability of the subspecies.
12.
Recovery
Priority:
3C
Recovery Plan Title: Choctawhatchee Beach Mouse, Perdido Key Beach Mouse, and Alabama Beach Mouse Recovery
Plan
Recovery Achieved: 2
1990
Recovery Plan Stage/Date: F/August 12, 1987 Recovery Objective/Criteria: Downlist/The subspecies may be considered for downlisting when
there are 3 distinct, self-sustain-
and
at least
is
50%
both
Perdido
).
Major Activity Since Last Report: The major activities have been the
captive propagation of Perdido
The Perdido Key beach mouse is found in limited sand dune habitat along the border of Alabama and Florida, which is under increasing development pressure The species reached critically low numbers in the early 1980s, but is now improving
Navy
to
determine effects of
91
Salt
1.
Species: Salt
marsh harvest
mouse
tris)
{Reithrodontomys raviven9.
F/November
Recovery Plan Stage/Date: 16, 1984 Recovery Objective/Criteria: Downlist or delist northern subspecies; downlist southern sub-
11.
2.
Listing/Date:
Endangered/October
3. 4.
5.
13,
1970
Group:
Mammals
Refuge.
12.
Recovery Achieved:
Recovery
Priority:
6.
Recovery Plan Title: California Clapper Rail/Salt Marsh Harvest Mouse Recovery Plan
10.
and secured.
1990
7.
mammals.
10.
Major Activity Since Last Report: None. Major Activity Over Next
Reporting Period:
None
1989
3. 4. 5. 6. 7.
Group:
Mammals
12.
launch programs.
Recovery Achieved:
Recovery
Priority: 9
Title:
Recovery Plan
Pending
1990
for
8. 9.
92
Ocelot
1.
(Leopardus) pardalis)
2.
Listing/Date: Endangered/March
30, 1972; July 21,
1982
3. 4.
1
Group:
Mammals
5.
6.
Recovery
Priority:
5
Listed Cats
Recovery Plan
Plan
Title:
7.
8.
The
is
threatened by
9.
continued
of habitat
1 1.
farm
An average
ocelots
of 10 radio-collared
on Laguna Atascosa
on
the
Laguna Atascosa
NWR.
(NWR)
be invaluable
in efforts to rea
FY
One would be
A&I)
also contin-
ued trapping
traps
efforts in
and around
when
all
At
em-
and also tepehuaje, wild olive, and mesquite, have been planted on approximately 230 acres. In June, a translocated female on the west side of the Cayo Atascosa demonstrated definite denning behavior. Three separate searches were undertaken with no kittens located. A "possible" den site was located
ebony, whitebrush and
brasil,
carry-over of work presently being done in and around the Laguna Atascosa NWR to other areas of the Rio Grande Valley to
The
This incident
is
is
encouraging as
it
would greatly assist and protect potential ocelot habitat in South Texas. Another project would be examining blood samples taken from ocelots to determine if a
project
efforts to identify
1990 by Todd Bishop of Caesar Kleberg. Monitoring of both bobcats (8-20 radio collared) and ocelots provided an insight on the habitat needs of the residential cats. Information proved especially valuable in
The
potentially able to
move
site.
short dis-
would be
study of
No
detennining
No
dispersing
that
was deemed
food habits of the ocelot. This would be accomplished by developing a reference collection and proceed with analysis of scat
already collected to determine
life-threatening
(i.e.
continued
food habits.
underway at the refuge. In April, Todd Bishop completed his data gathering and
that is currently
11 Recovery Achieved:
13. Information
ment
is
to
Current as
of:
July
1990
monitoring of the radio-collared cats and is currently producing his thesis on the movement within
and mountain
lion.
93
9.
{Enhydra
2.
lutris nereis)
Listing/Date: Threatened/January
14,
The
1977
tives are
being revised.
3. 4. 5. 6.
Group:
Mammals
10.
1987.
The
Recovery
Priority:
9C
Southern Sea
11.
reduce
Recovery Plan
Title:
for
8.
Major Activity Over Next Reporting Period: The Recovery Plan will be revised.
Recovery Achieved:
1
August
1990
Florida panther
1.
concolor coryi)
2.
Listing/Date: Endangered/March
11,
1967
3. 4. 5.
6.
Group:
Mammals
with a
total
of 22 that are
tracked.
now
Recovery
Priority:
6C
Florida
An
artificial
Recovery Plan
insemination study
Title:
was
initiated
by the
National Zoo.
11.
8.
panthers remain
Wildlife
in
the wild.
In
A demade
9.
cision will be
able
to
species.
lishment of a captive
population. Enhance continuation
of Florida
12.
Recovery Achieved:
Game
Fish
Commission (Section
1990
Panther National
Wildlife Refuge.
94
10.
creasing
to the
poim where
crash
1m
is
I.
oak
of
1984
\ Group: Mammals
X.
).
February 1990.
An
agency review
12.
amendment
will
ol
be published
Recovery
Priority: 14
Title:
been prepared.
Prairie
for species'
strategic plan
Recovery Achieved: 3
Recovery Plan
Utah
Dog Recovery
'.
Plan
ing
for
!.
goals has been completed by the State of Utah. While the total
1990
population reached 9,200 adults in spring of 1989. only 34% occurred on public lands and there
are
still
>.
Recovery Objective/Criteria: Delist For 5 consecutive years, establish and maintain 3 popula-
at the
minimum
on
public lands.
tions
a mini-
mum number of 8
3 animals each
crease
may be only
temporary, a
Sonoran pronghorn
Species: Sonoran pronghorn
10.
Listing/Date: Endangered/Listed
March
Group:
11, 1967;
June
2,
1970
Mammals
1564 R.W.O. #6 "Sonoran Pronghorn Habitat Utilization in Southwestern Arizona." Keith S. Hughes, Arizona Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit,
University of Arizona, Tucson.
Arizona.
11.
Recovery Achieved:
numbers
1990
tat.
95
Lower Keys
1.
rabbit
Species:
Lower Keys
rabbit
10.
Listing/Date: Endangered/June
21, 1990
3.
4. 5. 6. 7.
11.
Group:
Mammals
12.
Recovery Achieved:
Recovery
Priority: 6
Title:
Recovery Plan
Pending
September 1990
8.
9.
Fresno kangaroo
1.
rat
downlisting can
{Dipodotnys nitratoides
2.
exilis)
be considered.
10.
Listing/Date: Endangered/January
30, 1985
3.
Group:
Mammals
11.
Madera County
4. 5.
6.
Recovery
Priority:
6C
Recovery
12.
Recovery Plan
Title:
Recovery Achieved:
August
23,
1990
8.
8,
9.
Recovery Objective/Criteria:
Establishment of 3 independent Fresno kangaroo rat reserves of at least 1,500 contiguous acres each.
to
garoo
96
Giant kangaroo
1.
rat
10.
{Dipodomys ingens)
2.
Listing/Date:
Endangered/January
3. 4.
5. 6. 7.
5,
1987
rat
Group:
Mammals
11.
Obispo Counties.
Recovery
Priority:
2C
Pending
12.
Recovery Plan
Title:
Recovery Achieved: 2
August
23,
1990
rat
None
of the above activi-
9.
Recovery Objective/Criteria:
Downlist Criteria: Preservation and management of land
sufficient to assure a population
animals.
ties
effect
on the status of
this
subspecies.
1 1.
I.
Listing/Date:
Endangered/October
J.
1970
maintenance of
that population
Group:
Mammals
Downlisting
is
hi
ced-
this
>.
Recovery Priority:
6C
>.
Continue to assess the extent of the remaining wild population and the status o! existing and potential habitat.
population.
12. Recover)'
Achieved:
10.
Information Current as
20.
of:
July
I.
1990
Now
laying
groundwork
for
renewed
Zoological Park. Undertaking a survey of sites that may be suitable for reintroduction of translo-
97
Stephens' kangaroo
1.
rat
10.
(Dipodomys stephensi)
2.
Listing/Date:
proved by the Service that will initiate the development of preserve sites.
11.
Group:
Mammals
Recovery
Priority:
2C
Pending
Recovery Plan
Title:
term HCP.
12. Recovery Achieved:
1
U/FY
August
1990
Tipton kangaroo
1.
rat
10.
(Dipodomys
nitratoides)
2.
nitratoides
Listing/Date: Endangered/July 8,
1988
3. 4. 5. 6. 7.
Counties.
Group:
Mammals
11.
Recovery
Priority:
6C
Pending
12.
Recovery Plan
Title:
Recovery Achieved:
August
23, 1990
8.
U/FY
9.
Recovery Objective/Criteria:
None
established as of yet.
98
Dismal
.
Swamp
10.
southeastern shrew
5.
/.
Species:
Dismal
Swamp
south-
Listing/Date:
Group:
Mammals
on genetic on ecological differentiation between the two taxa. Results should indicate whether or not delisting is approthreats to S.
I.
fisheri and
priate.
.
Recovery Priority: 9
11.
< .
Recovery Plan
Title:
NA
Major Activity Over Next Reporting Period: The study mentioned above will continue for 1-2
years. In addition, surveys will he
'
J .
! .
NA Recovery Objective/Criteria: NA
Recovery Plan Stage/Date:
Recovery Achieved: 3
1990
(Glaucomys sabrinus
at least
is
being
coloratus)
'.
Listing/Date: Endangered/July
1985
*
.
Group:
Mammals
found to exist in the Southern Appalachians; 3) the habitats of all major centers of distribution are permanently protected; and 4) sufficient ecological data have
posed timber sales and stand treatments on National Forests; workshops on species biology and management have been presented to state and Federal foresters, game managers and other interested persons.
1 1.
Recovery Priority:
6C
Recovery Plan Title: Recovery Plan for the Appalachian Northern Flying Squirrels
The
is
will
working
to delineate
occupied
and
species.
tion has
One
additional populain
Recovery Achieved:
2
of:
been located
North
are
13.
Carolina;
known populations
Information Current as
June
be possible when
that: 1)
it
can be
documented
sent
being monitored by use of nest box checks and live trapping, and ecological studies are ongoing.
Interim habitat guidelines have been developed for the U.S. Forest
1990
populations
99
Species:
Delmarva Peninsula
fox
management
tained,
are ob-
when
selected
Listing/Date: Endangered/March
populations are
11,1967
3.
Group:
Mammals
4. 5. 6.
Recovery
Priority: 9
Title:
and
their
Recovery Plan
Delmarva
when
protection of
and
ensured.
The
Squirrel translocations. 2)
mental population of Delmarva fox squirrels into Susse County, Delaware in 1984. The new population is doinc
quite well.
8.
Recovery Plan Stage/Date: R/Rev/May 9, 1983 Recovery Objective/Criteria: Delist/Can occur when, in addition to the downlisting criteria, 5
Population
studies,
which
indi-
been
ued
studies,
9.
very stable since 1971. 3) Studies to determine what constitutes optimal habitat and use of subopti-
new
mal
habitat. 4) Substantial
subspecies.
revi-
which are
made on
12.
Recovery Achieved: 2
at least 5 years
1990
Mt.
1.
Graham
squirrel
10.
red squirrel
Species: Mt.
Graham red
(Tamiasciurus hudsonicus
grahamensis)
2.
Listing/Date: Endangered/June 3,
1987
3. 4. 5. 6.
7.
animals.
Group:
Mammals
11.
Recovery
Priority:
9C
Pending
Recovery Plan
Title:
Major Activity Over Next Reporting Period: Recovery team will work on recovery plan. Emergency Measures Group will evaluate captive propagation and
other strategies.
12.
Recovery Achieved:
8.
1990 The Mt. Graham red squirrel is endangered due to its very restricted range in the Pinaleno Mountains.
9.
100
(Glaucomys sabrinus
protected, and
when
sufficient
fuscus)
I.
Listing/Date: Endangered/July
1985
\.
Group:
Mammals
I.
5.
Recovery
Priority: 9
Title:
Numerous new captures at sites show the species to be much more abundant than thought, although no range extension has been found. An ecology and distribution study, and habitat protection and management
(primarily Section 6 activities), have been the main recovery activities.
Recovery Plan
'.
{.
Recovery Objective/Criteria: Downlist / Can occur when populations at all historic localities are
stable or
when 2
Recovery Achieved: 2
southern Appalachians,
when
1990
Amargosa vole
Species:
*A
WA
Amargosa
vole
to
Amargosa
Endangered/November
Group:
15,
1984
10.
consecutive years.
Mammals
None
11.
6C
determine the
distri-
bution of
tions.
Amargosa
vole popula-
12.
Recovery Achieved:
August
TA/1987
* .
1990
Recovery Objective/Criteria:
Extant wetland habitats utilized
by the Amargosa vole and the water sources necessary for perpetuating these sources
must be
could be considered
habitats
when
these
101
6.
Recovery Plan
Title:
Hualapai
10.
(Microtus mexicanus
hualpaiensis)
7.
None
11.
2.
Listing/Date:
Endangered/October
3.
4. 5.
1,
1987
8. 9.
TA
12.
Group:
Mammals
Recovery Objective/Criteria:
Stabilize
Recovery Achieved:
Recovery
1990
Priority: 3
Listing/Date: Endangered/March
1 1,
ened
Minnesota March
hundred letters from individuals. Minnesota Department of Natural Resources has developed a 198889 population estimate of 1,5501,750 wolves within the state,
exceeding the
ery plan.
tion
state's
An International Wolf
in St. Paul,
9,
1978.
3.
population
Minnesota, attracting wolf experi from around the world. A public attitudes survey was carried out i
results,
and
Group:
Mammals
it is
management recommendations,
be available
to
4.
was estimated
29 wolves
natun
Minnesota where
Priority:
9C)
5. 6.
Recovery
6C
Recovery Plan Title: Recovery Plan for the Eastern Timber Wolf
7.
8.
Michigan Upper Peninsula is believed to be around 10. The recovery plan draft states a goal of 100 wolves for a second population. Isle Royale has approximately 13 wolves. Wolf depredation on livestock has reached a record high
the
population
ment
draf
9.
when
permanent survival of the species is ensured in Minnesota by habitat improvement and legal protection, and 2) at least one viable population
is
Damage
may
experito th
re-established
reprogramming. Wolf sightings in zone 5 (designated as a "no wolf' zone in the original and draft recovery plans) have dramatically
increased, and two wolves have been sighted in eastern North Dakota. A wolf depredation inci-
number
of depredatioi
Research in Minnesota
and protected outside Minnesota and Isle Royale. (These criteria are expected to remain unchanged
in the revised plan.)
will continue. The recommendations of the Michigan public attitudes survey will be implemented.
by Dr.
Mech
12.
Recovery Achieved: 3
10.
The
lic
was released
dent (a bobcat-tracking hound) was verified in Wisconsin. Formal Section 7 consultation was initiated for the proposed upgrading
of Wisconsin Highway 53, possibly becoming a barrier to wolf
26, 1990
50 comment
movements between
the
102
Species:
9.
status of the
Mexican wolf.
Si
Listing/Date: Endangered/March
to establish a
11,1967
J.
Coordinator position.
11.
Group:
Mammals
10.
1.
Major
Mexico also
5.
Recovery
Priority:
6C
by conservation groups because wolves have not been reintroduced on White Sands Missile Range. Fish and Wildlife
Service
is
suitable locations.
12.
Recovery Achieved:
exploring additional
'.
candidate reintroduction
locations with Arizona
September 1990
and
Game
!.
made
avail-
103
Listing/Date: Endangered/June 4,
Washington. Wolves have responded to howling surveys in Idaho, and numerous wolf sightings have been reported from the
public. In time, confirmation of
in
Montana
to detect,
confirm,
distribu-
the
1973
3.
wolf breeding
in
Idaho
is
antici-
Group:
Mammals
11.
pated.
determine the status of the wolf the Cascades. Efforts will conin
i]
4. 5.
6.
new
Recovery
Priority:
3C
Recovery Plan
ir
th(
7.
Recovery Achieved:
8.
September 1990
three phase
9.
minimum
10.
of 3 consecutive years.
Major Activity Since Last Report: The Interagency Wolf Working Group was established. A Wolf
Recovery Coordinator has been
hired and
is
stationed in Helena,
Montana. Reports regarding the impacts of wolf reintroduction in Yellowstone as mandated by Congress have been completed. A wolf pack was relocated from private lands into Glacier National
Park in September 89; however, only the adult female survived. A wolf pack (the Alpha female be-
same relocated female above) was discovered in 1990 on private lands northwest of Missoula, Montana. Both adults
ing the
Canada
to
Rocky Mountains in the U.S. in the 1 900's, wolves are occupy two of the three designated wolf recovery areas.
The
into
Fish and Wildlife Service is investigating the potential for reintroducing wolves Yellowstone National Park as an experimental population.
The number
Montana on June
to
104
Red wolf
1.
Species:
rufus)
10.
2.
Listing/Date: Endangered/March
11,
Major Activity Since asi Rcpoi Wild pups were reared on Hon
I
i:
iieai
Smoky Mountain
National
1967
'Iennessee. Several
pansol led
3. 4. 5.
6.
Group:
Mammals
restocking purposes.
is
An
attempt
Recovery
Priority:
5C
ongoing in southwestern Louisiana to capture wolf-like animals on the chance some pure red wolf genetic material remains.
If
6-montn icclimadon proceea. The release ot one ol ihese pain and their offspring win signal the initiation Of the first
phase
in
ol a
Minis
added
breeding pro11. to
mal remiroducnon
FY
1992.
7.
gram. During January 1990, a pair of red wolves were brought St. Vincent National Wildlife
Refuge, Florida,
to
8.
Two
ot
9.
phase
ot
reintroduction strat-
improvements
in artificial insemi-
wild
at Alligator
Recovery Achieved:
on the refuge
fall.
1990
embryo banking.
tion project
underway
in the
Land Acquisition by
ues.
state contin-
Department of Natural Resources doing survey work on Lignum Vitae Key, where species
is
Mammals
11.
believed to be exterminated.
Recovery Priority:
.
3C
Pending
12.
Recovery Plan
Title:
Recovery Achieved:
1990
Recovery Objective/Criteria: To
be developed.
105
Appendix
Birds
IV.
106
Hawaii akepa
1.
9.
coccineus coccineus)
2.
Listing/Date:
agement plan
U.SJ-isii
II
Kulani.
Endangered/October
3.
4.
13,
1970
90%
Group: Birds
Species Status: Stable (some populations
10.
termined
to
be
stable.
may be
declining)
oi
cattle
5. 6.
Recovery
Priority:
Recovery Plan
Title:
Hawaii
Major Activity Over Next Reporting feriod Securing and managing habitat ieinams a pi unity. Surve\s and limiting laelois
research will continue.
and
studies. Negotiations to
to the
add
12.
1,050 acres
refuge continue.
Recovery Achieved: 2
8.
August
1990
Home
Lands).
coop-
man-
Maui 'akepa
1.
Species:
9.
Recovery Objective/Criteria: To
restore viable populations to non-
iting the
population. Such
is
coccineus ochraceus)
2.
research
identified as a recov-
Endangered/October
3.
4.
13,
1970
imminent plans
tors research is
to
conduct
this
t
ery plan.
The key
goals focus on
Group: Birds
Species Status: Declining
being conducted
5. 6.
Recovery Priority: 3
Recovery Plan Title: Maui/Molokai Forest Birds Recovery Plan
on the Big Island oi Hawaii that may be applicable to Una [pedes on Maui.
Recovery Achieved:
1
Area Reserve
feral
(State).
The
Information Current as
o\:
August
1990
7.
8.
Nature Conservancy
at its
Waikamoi
Preserve.
may
not
km
to de-
107
Kauai 'akialoa
1.
10.
(Hemignathus procerus)
2.
Listing/Date: Endangered/March
11,
1967
3.
Group: Birds
Species Status:
Major Activity Since Last Report: A forest bird survey was conducted in 1989, but no akialoa were recorded. The species is probably extinct; there have been no sightings since 1965. Major Activity Over Next
Reporting Period: Protection of primary habitat on Kauai will
continue.
4.
Unknown
11.
(probably extinct)
5.
6.
Recovery
Priority: 5
12.
Recovery Achieved:
7.
August
1990
8.
Recovery Plan Stage/Date: F/July 29, 1983 Recovery Objective/Criteria: Downlist to threatened when the population reaches 1,000 individuals.
9.
'Akiapolaau
1.
Species: 'Akiapolaau
10.
(Hemignathus wilsoni)
2.
Listing/Date: Endangered/March
11,
1967
3.
Group: Birds
Species Status: Stable (some populations
Hakalau Forest National Wildlife Refuge includes fencing, feral animal control, exotic vegetation control, and forest bird surveys and studies. Negotiations to add
1,050 acres to the refuge continue.
removal of sheep. Reforestation and control of introduced plants is being done or studied by the U.S. Forest Service, U.S. National Park Service, and U.S.
Department of Agriculture.
11.
4.
may be
declining)
A full-time realty
position has
filled in
5.
Recovery
Priority:
6.
7.
for
8.
Humu'ula-Pi'ihonua (Hawaiian
Recovery Achieved: 3
August
Home
Lands).
A cooperative
1990
9.
Recovery Objective/Criteria: Downlist to threatened status once the population occupies 90% of the 1983 range, and once the habitat and population are determined to be stable.
ment plan
the
life
at
Kulani.
study of
been initiated by Dr. Thane Pratt, and "limiting factors" studies by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service
(Research) continue.
forest
Mamane
to
108
Yellow-shouldered blackbird
1.
Species: Yellow-shouldered
of at least
Island.
250
pairs ai
Mona
Listing/Date:
10. 19,
Endangered/November
3. 4. 5.
6.
1976
Group: Birds
Species Status: Stable
Recovery
Priority:
2C
ticides.
7.
8.
1990
9.
Recovery Objective/Criteria: Downlist. Maintain a minimum of 2 distinct populations of at least 250 pairs at Roosevelt Roads Naval Station and 1,000 pairs in southwestern Puerto Rico. Maintain a minimum population
Masked bobwhite
1.
Species:
Masked bobwhite
9.
Recovery Objective/Criteria:
Establish three or
taining
tion with El
Centro Ecologico de
more
self-sus11.
Sonora.
2.
Listing/Date: Endangered/March
11,
reestablish one or
more
viable
3.
1
Group: Birds
Species Status: Improving on
4.
habitat
ate
12. Recover)'
Recovery
Priority: 6
6.
7.
8.
Major Activity Since Last Report: Recovery efforts on the Buenos Aires Refuge have focused on the reintroduction program and habitat improvement. Approximately 7,500 bobwhites have been released on the refuge since 1985.
23.
1990
The
was
109
Guam
1.
broadbill
is
Species:
Guam broadbill
10.
is
(Myiagra freycineti)
2.
already extinct.
Listing/Date: Endangered/August
27, 1984
critical habi-
designation.
3.
4.
5.
Group: Birds
Species Status:
Unknown
5
11.
Recovery
Priority:
on Guam.
1
6.
12.
Recovery Achieved:
7.
September, 1990
8.
Recovery Plan Stage/Date: F/September 28, 1990 Recovery Objective/Criteria: Find and capture any surviving individuals for captive propagation
after the
9.
brown
tree
snake
is
con-
There
it
The
1990
audubonii)
2.
Listing/Date: Threatened/July 6,
1987
3. 4. 5. 6.
Group: Birds
Species Status: Stable
Recovery
Priority: 12
7.
Major Activity Since Last Report: Completion of recovery plan. In a project funded by the Florida Game and Fresh Water Fish Commission, Archbold
Biological Station surveyed
all
known
ment
tion
is
8.
F/November
9.
estimated at a
minimum of
Recovery Objective/Criteria: The species may be delisted once the following criteDelist/
ria are
500
11.
birds.
None
is
sta-
ble, or increasing
from, the
12.
Recovery Achieved:
found
in,
and
110
California
L.
condor
refine release techniques,
10.
(Gymnogyps californianus)
I.
Major Activity Since Last Report: Since 1987, the population has
been in captivity at the Los Angeles Zoo and San Diego Wild Animal Park. Comparable
genetic, age and sex representation
to
and deot
Listing/Date:
Endangered/March
and reintroduction
11,1967
).
Group: Birds
Species Status: Improving
(Captive Propagation)
i.
maintained
at
facility.
Since
Recovery
Priority:
1C
>.
environmental contaminants,
potential predators,
and man-
ment
made
ongoing
Andean condors.
Major Activity Over Next
Reporting Period: Manage captive population to continue to
optimize productivity and genetic
diversity.
Recovery Achieved:
1990
when
three discrete,
Continue
to
monitor the
experimentally released
Andean
and
condor population
to evaluate
Hawaiian coot
Species: Hawaiian coot (Fulica americana alai)
10.
Listing/Date:
Endangered/October
Group: Birds
13,
1970
(NWR)
on Oahu
13. Information
of:
August
and
at
1990
Hawaiian
Kawainui Marsh on Oahu was transferred from the City and County of Honolulu to the State for management by the Division of Land and Natural Resources. Biannual waterbird surveys continue.
delist
Campbell
1 1 1
9.
Recovery Objective/Criteria:
Downlist. To reclassify the
Mississippi sandhill crane will
require cessation of captive propagation, attaining a
11.
Listing/Date: Endangered/June 4,
agement
to
manpromote savannas,
1973
3. 4. 5. 6.
minimum ef-
Group: Birds
Species Status: Improving
fective population of
in the wild,
30
among non-migratory
southeast-
Recovery
Priority:
6C
10.
7.
8.
Major Activity Since Last Report: Major recovery activities include intense habitat management (forest clearing and burning) to promote the original savanna habitat;
release of captive raised cranes to
bolster the wild population (as of
Recovery Achieved:
1990
and continued research and genetic problems that may be hinin possible environmental
Whooping crane
1.
Species:
10.
americana)
2.
Major Activity Since Last Report: Splitting of captive flock and establishment of flock at
International
Listing/Date: Endangered/March
11,1967
3. 4. 5.
Crane Foundation.
Group: Birds
Species Status: Improving
Recovery
Priority:
2C
6.
7.
Recovery Achieved: 2
8.
Rev/December
F/January
9.
1,
23, 1986;
31, 1990
1980
Recovery Objective/Criteria:
Downlist/Increase wild population to
90 nesting
pairs
by 2020.
Ill]
112
Hawaiian creeper
1.
10.
(Oreomystis mana)
2.
Listing/Date:
Group: Birds
Species Status: Stable (some populations
managing
ity.
may be
declining)
to
add
12.
full-time realty
Recovery Achieved: 2
5. 6.
Recovery
Priority: 8
August
1990
7.
8.
Keahou-Kilauea (Bishop Estate) and Humu'ula-Pi'ihonua (Hawaiian Home Lands). A cooperative agreement has been signed with the State Department
of Corrections to develop a
man-
9.
agement plan
at
Kulani.
Waawaa Reserve
continues
to re-
Molokai creeper
1.
9.
Recovery Objective/Criteria: To
restore viable populations to non-
11.
med)
2.
endangered
ery plan.
No Molokai
may
Listing/Date:
Endangered/October
3.
13,
1970
The key
goals focus on
this species
be
extinct.
1
Group: Birds
Species Status: Declining
10.
Recovery Achieved:
X.
5.
Recovery Priority: 5
S.
Major Activity Since Last Report: Fencing and control of feral ungulates began at the State Natural Area Reserve on the Waikolu Plateau. The National Park Service continued to work on establishment of a National Park at
August
1990
7.
J.
Conservancy (TNC) has established and is beginning to manage two large reserves, Pelekunu Valley and Kamako.
Preliminary results of a forest bird
survey conducted in 1 988 are completed. The State began management of Olokui Plateau.
113
Oahu creeper
1.
Species:
Oahu
creeper
11.
(= alauwahio) (Paroreomyza
maculata)
2.
Major Activity Over Next Reporting Period: The State of Hawaii has proposed to conduct
forest bird survey of
Oahu
in
Listing/Date:
Endangered/October
3. 4. 5. 6. 7.
13,
1970
12.
1991.
Recovery Achieved:
Group: Birds
Species Status:
Unknown
August
1990
Recovery
Priority: 5
Title:
Recovery Plan
Pending
8.
9.
10.
None
!
1.
Hawaiian crow
the wild population to a
minimum
(Corvus hawaiiensis)
2.
of
10.
400
birds.
edy this situation. One wild bird was sighted on the State sanctuary at
Listing/Date: Endangered/March
11,1967
3. 4.
Group: Birds
Species Status: Declining
(Critically low)
Major Activity Since Last Report: The captive flock at Olinda, Maui, has fewer than a dozen
birds, with only
State has
two functional
11.
Kona
Coast.
breeding pairs.
5.
Recovery
Priority: 2
Title:
6.
Alala
7.
8.
One chick was produced in 1989 and another was produced in 1990. A flock of 9 wild birds was recorded on private property (McCandless Ranch) in November 1989. A mongoose trapping program was initiated during the 1990 breeding season on McCandless Ranch. As of July 1990, at least one wild young bird fledged in this area.
More
active
Major Activity Over Next Reporting Period: Maintenance and management of the captive
flock will continue. Negotiations
with landowners
to
more
actively
manage
will continue.
Attempts
to
add
genetic material
management
of the
Recovery Achieved:
9.
wild population has not been possible because access has been denied to State and Federal
1990
There have been numerous meetings and negotiations with private landowners to rembiologists.
114
Mariana crow
1.
Species: Mariana
crow (Corvus
9.
Recovery Objective/Criteria:
Control and/or eradicate the
11.
Majoi Activity
Ova
Next
kubaryi)
2.
a
in
Listing/Date: Endangered/August
27,
brown
1984
on
<
hum.
re-
Increased
cum
BUXYeyi DO Kola
Guam
popu-
major
Group: Birds
Species Status: Declining
5.
Recovery
Priority:
lation to 700 crows throughout its former historic range, with 500 in Northern Guam and 200 in Southern Guam.
12.
do elopments. These
areas
Recover) Achieved:
5.
Guam
Forest
10.
13.
critical habi-
Information Current as
oft
7.
designation.
The
of the Northern
September 1990
Commonwealth
i.
crow on
the Island
of Rota.
The
Guam Division
of
Aquatic and Wildlife Resources is experimenting with snake-proofing crow nesting trees on
Guam.
Eskimo curlew
Eskimo curlew [Numenius borealis)
Species:
10.
Listing/Date: Endangered/March
11,
1967
Twenty
six recovery
Group: Birds
Species Status:
Unknown
Year 1990.
are
Recovery
Priority: 5
Title:
Recovery Plan
Pending
mer use
vey of
for late
areas.
Conduct
or
fall
status sur-
the spring
and
fall
migration peri-
St.
summer
Eskimo
Recovery Achieved:
Information Current as
oft
July
1990
look-alikes
litera-
115
Hawaiian duck
1.
10.
11.
facil-
James
Listing/Date: Endangered/March
11,1967
3.
4. 5. 6.
Campbell
completed.
sition has
filled in
ized. Kealia
the
Group: Birds
Species Status: Stable
Honolulu. Negotiations
Management
Recovery
Priority:
(NWR) on Oahu
gene pool
is
being "polluted" bj
and
at Kealia
on Maui. Resource
covery actions
12.
may be needed.
7.
Recovery Achieved: 3
8.
Recovery Plan Stage/Date: Rev/September 11, 1985 Recovery Objective/Criteria: To by maintaining a population
of at least 2,000, as distributed in
9.
delist
Kawainui Marsh on Oahu was transferred from the City and County of Honolulu to the State for management by the Division of Land and Natural Resources.
Augu
1990
The
Mana on Kauai
tinue.
continues.
Laysan duck
1.
2.
Listing/Date: Endangered/March
11,1967
3. 4. 5.
6.
Group: Birds
Species Status: Stable
Recovery
Priority:
A PhD
thesis
has
Title:
Laysan Duck
7.
been completed on Laysan Duck behavior. Refuge staff initiated an ant distribution and control study, and began investigations in the
spread of sand burrs (Cenchrus
sp.),
8.
11.
9.
Major Activity Over Next Reporting Period: Ongoing studies and surveys will continue.
Recovery Achieved: 3
gered
to
threatened by perpetuat-
12.
August
1990
Because of the
to natural
116
Bald eagle
1.
ing, reclassifying,
delisting
ail
leucocephalus)
2.
Listing/Date:
Endangered/March
Downlist
sification
to threatened,
"...reclas-
1978
from endangered
data):
to
if
Group: Birds
Species Status: Improving
Northi-i n States
,165 occu-
pied territories
1.3
estimated
X.
average young
pa
territory
5.
Recovery Priority: 9C except Minnesota, Michigan, and Wisconsin where it is 15C. Recovery Plan
Title:
based on
"...1) a
minimum
of
800
Chesapeake Ba>
territories
1
235 occupied
.4
estimated average
young per
territory:
Pacific States
ritories
861 occupied
ter-
1.1
estimated average
young per
territory.
65%,
of the
3) attainment of breeding
in at least
population goals
80%
Southeastern States
pied territories
1.1
722 occuestimated
territory.
F/August25, 1986
Southeastern Population F/August
3,
Southwestern States
pied territories
populations."
27 occu0.5 estimated
territory.
1984
Southwestern Population
F/September
8,
1982
Southeastern States Recovery Region: Downlist to threatened at the "... documentation of 600 occupied breeding areas distributed
over at least
Total
territories
young per
11.
75%
Major Activity Over Next Reporting Period: Continue ongoing monitoring, banding, reintro-
contin-
decision about
occupied
least
and
50%
No
in raising at least
one
a 3 -year aver-
young... based
on
Recovery Achieved: 4
Information Current as
oft
1,200
of 16
minimum
recovery region
documentation of population vigor and adequate support habitat." Delisting criteria will be
developed when the species downlisted to threatened.
is
by the year 2000, with an average annual productivity of at least 1.0 young per occupied nest.
Major Activity Since Last Report: Banding, occupancy and productivity surveys, habitat evaluation,
On
February
7.
enough
com-
which
will
117
Alaska population
on reproduction.
2.
Listing/Date:
Endangered/October
3. 4. 5. 6.
13,
1970
Group: Birds
Species Status: Improving
criteria
Recovery
above for the four study areas. All appear to meet or exceed
Recovery Plan).
Priority:
draft revised
11.
Population
7.
described above
to
measure
8.
be proposed
ture.
Recovery Achieved: 4
9.
Number
1990
and mor-
and
(3) effects of
Eastern states
10.
Major Activity Since Last Report: Aerie management and monitoring of nesting birds.
Eastern States
2.
The nesting
Listing/Date: Endangered/June 2,
1970
3.
Group: Birds
Species Status: Improving
4.
5. 6.
Major Activity Over Next Reporting Period: Continued aerie management and monitoring
of nesting birds.
Recovery
Priority: 15
12.
Recovery Achieved: 3
7.
1990
8.
9.
of a
minimum
of 175-200 pairs,
118
American peregrine
1.
falcon,
western states
Species:
American peregrine
fal-
Listing/Date: Endangered/June 2,
1970
3. 4.
5. 6.
Group: Birds
Species Status: Improving
11.
Valley and
Recovery Priority: 9
Major Activity Over Next Reporting Period: Continued annual hacking of peregrines at selected sites.
Addendum being
merge
the
Pacific Population
7.
developed
to
Recovery
Recovery Achieved: 2
8.
Recovery Plan Stage/Date: F/October 12, 1982 Recovery Objective/Criteria: 185 pairs total in CA, OR, WA, and
25, 1990
9.
NV for delisting,
pairs in
including 5
on reproduction.
10.
Endangered/October
1970
program
areas,
Group: Birds
Species Status: Improving
Recovery
and continue to measure three recovery parameters listed above for the four study areas. All criteria appear to meet or exceed
recovery objectives (as written in
draft revised
11.
Priority: 9
Recovery Plan).
Population
12.
Recovery Achieved: 4
Number
1990
tality statistics;
and
(3) effects of
119
10.
Major Activity Since Last Report: Hacking and monitoring of domestic reared birds.
Listing/Date:
11.
Group: Birds
Species Status: Unknown, but
12.
Recovery Achieved:
presumed
31,
1990
5. 6.
Recovery
Priority: 3
7.
8.
8,
9.
Recovery Objective/Criteria:
Downlist/Prevent or minimize
habitat loss pesticide contamination
Laysan finch
1.
Species: Laysan
fmch
9.
Recovery Objective/Criteria: To
downlist to threatened status by
sp.),
an
in-
(honeycreeper) (Jelespyza
cantans)
2.
Listing/Date: Endangered/March
11,
1967
effective
Group: Birds
Species Status: Stable
12.
Recovery Achieved: 3
4.
5.
Augus
Recovery
Priority:
6.
exotics,
1990
7.
8.
Annual surveys have been conducted by refuge staff. Marie Morin, University of Hawaii graduate student, continued a study on
the breeding biology of the Finch.
Refuge
staff initiated
an ant
distri-
gan investigations
in the spread of
120
Nihoa finch
Species:
Nihoa finch
9.
Recovery Objective/Criteria: To
downlist
to
Conant,
threatened status by
11.
continued.
Listing/Date:
11,
Endangered/March
1967
effective
3.
Group: Birds
Species Status: Stable
survej
Recovery Achieved:
4.
5.
Recovery
Priority: 8
Information Current as
August
1990
5.
exotics,
7.
I.
F/November
an ant distribution
and control
study,
and began
in-
121
Aleutian
1.
Canada goose
reestablished on Agattu Island.
agement
strategies for
remnant
Listing/Date: Endangered/March
11,
1967
3. 4. 5.
Group: Birds
Species Status: Improving
an increase of 20 pairs, up from 30 pairs in 1989. NizkiAlaid Island showed no change in goose population between 1989 and 1990, maintaining an estimated 7-9 pairs. Little Kiska
This
is
on overcoming problems
associ-
Group
Recovery
Priority: 9
Title:
6.
Recovery Plan
Aleutian
Conducted field surveys on Amukta and Chagulak Islands in the Islands of Four Mountain Group of the eastern
Island in 1988.
Neck
8.
Amukta
Analyze 15 year
9.
The
Delist: Maintain
pair survey of
comprehensive breeding Chagulak Island was completed during 1990. The total size of the remnant populafirst
mates.
12.
Recovery Achieved: 3
tion
is
or
more
1990
pairs
on three separate
areas.
Downlist: In addition
to the
ing populations of 50 or
more
is
more on
10 pairs the
size.
minimum colony
now
10.
Major Activity Since Last Report: Initiated proposed rule to reclassify the Aleutian Canada goose from endangered to threatened status. This change in status is warranted on the basis of marked numerical improvements of the Buldir Island segment of the Aleutian goose population in the
western portion of the Aleutian Archipelago. The 7.7 square
miles of Buldir Island currently
sustain
An
annual objec-
birds
is
readily
are markedly
more
and
Near Island and the Rat Island Groups. Trapping, banding, and winter
are released in the
90 season exceeds 6,000 birds. This represents an approximate 10 percent increase over 1988-89.
11.
two western
pairs
Major Activity Over Next Reporting Period: Complete revision of Aleutian Canada Goose Recovery Plan. Emphasis on man-
122
Hawaiian goose
1.
9.
Recovery Objective/Criteria
establish a population of 2,000
ii.
(Nesochen satulvicensis)
2.
Listing/Date: Endangered/March
11,
1967
The
State
3.
4. 5. 6.
Group: Birds
Species Status: Declining
Kauai.
A new
education
may be
10.
delisted.
Recovery
Priority:
The new
and research program being funded by the Wildfowl and Wetlands Trust is now being
ated.
12.
initi-
Title:
Nene
7.
for
8.
cility at Olinda, Maui, has been completed and the captive flock has been moved into the facility.
Recovery Achieved: 2
August
Young reared
be introduced
Nene
1990
The small
feral population on Kauai has been growing slowly and now numbers about 35.
Populations on Maui have been monitored by the National Park Service. Resource agencies continue to pursue the licensing of diphasinone for predator control.
Hawaiian hawk
1.
Species: Hawaiian
hawk
(= io)
9.
Recovery Objective/Criteria: To
ensure a self-sustaining population of 1,500-2,500 adult birds in
11.
(Buteo solitarius)
2.
species appear
to
be
Listing/Date: Endangered/March
11,1967
3. 4.
5. 6.
and maintained
habitat.
in stable,
secure
Group: Birds
Species Status: Stable
threatened status
when
the
popu-
Recovery
Priority: 14
Title:
Recovery Plan
Hawaiian
Hawaiian hawk from endanto threatened has been proposed. This listing action has not yet been pursued because ol the heavy listing work load in Hawaii; it does, however, remain as a pothe
gered
Hawk Recovery
7.
Plan
A number of areas
on the Island
12.
13.
Recovery Achieved: 4
Information Current as
ot:
August
1990
8.
is
123
Crested honeycreeper
1.
9.
11.
Listing/Date: Endangered/March
11,1967
3. 4.
ery plan.
The key
goals focus on
Group: Birds
Species Status: Stable
forest birds
of the more rare on Maui, such as the Maui akepa and Maui parrotbill.
tions than
is
some
5.
6.
Recovery
Priority: 7
Major Activity Since Last Report: Fencing and control of feral ungulates began at the Hanawi Natural Area Reserve (State). The
National Park Service continues
feral
being
conducted on the Big Island of Hawaii that may be applicable to this species on Maui.
12.
Recovery Achieved: 2
7.
for
8.
F/March
1990
at
(Aphelocoma coerulescens
coerulescens)
2.
Listing/Date: Threatened/June 3,
1987
3.
Group: Birds
Species Status: Declining
4.
5.
opers
ment
10.
Recovery
Priority: 6
6.
mine impacts of
Endemic
is
scrub jay
in its
7.
limited habitat.
8.
to establish
1 2.
subspecies
9.
Recovery Achieved:
from
the cur-
1990
124
Guam
1.
Micronesian kingfisher
Guam; 500
in
northern
southern
Guam.
10.
cinnamomina)
Major Activity Since Last Report:
Drafted proposal for
tat
2.
Listing/Date: Endangered/August
27,
critical habi-
1984
3.
4. 5. 6.
Group: Birds
Species Status: Stable
11.
be
successful.
Recovery
Priority: 3
Guam
Forest
habitat designation
on Guam.
7.
8.
September, 1990
9.
brown
tree snake
on Guam;
estab-
lish captive
1500
birds;
1000
in
10.
Listing/Date: Endangered/March
11,1967
3.
4.
Major Activity Since Last Report: Mediate controversy over modified water delivery program at Everglades National Park and its impact on snail kites. Annual
winter surveys continue. Last
year's survey discovered
Group: Birds
Species Status: Stable
464
kites.
5.
6.
Recovery Priority:
Recovery Plan
3C
11.
No
activity an-
12.
Recovery Achieved:
8.
1990
9.
650
10%
of the average.
125
Mariana mallard
1.
11.
None
2.
Listing/Date: Endangered/June 2,
1977
3. 4. 5. 6.
12.
Recovery Achieved:
Group: Birds
Species Status: Extinct
August
1990
Recovery
Priority: 5
Title:
Recovery Plan
NA
1
NA Recovery Objective/Criteria: NA
Recovery Plan Stage/Date:
10.
Major Activity Since Last Report: None; the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands' Division of Fish and Wildlife believes this species is extinct.
Micronesian megapode
1.
Species: Micronesian
megapode
11.
Listing/Date: Endangered/June 2,
1970
3.
Recovery Achieved:
Group: Birds
Species Status:
August
4.
5.
Unknown
1990
Recovery
Priority: 8
Title:
6.
7.
Recovery Plan
Pending
8.
9.
10.
Major Activity Since Last Report: Megapode surveys on Saipan indicate a few birds are
still
present
on
[ill
that island.
126
Nihoa millerbird
1.
Species:
These
Listing/Date:
11,
Endangered/March
1967
exotics,
Group: Birds
Species Status: Stable
10.
4.
5.
Recovery
Priority:
6.
7.
Annual surveys have been conducted by refuge staff. Refuge staff have initiated an ant distribution and control study, and began
cess.
8.
9.
Recovery Objective/Criteria: To downlist to threatened status by maintaining optimum and stable populations through the development of thorough and effective
habitat protection strategies.
12.
Recovery Achieved: 3
August
1990
Tinian
1.
monarch
Species: Tinian
monarch
(old
1987.
It
to
brown
6,
tree
Guam
to
Listing/Date: Threatened/April
Tinian by the
ing exercises.
Army
during train-
If tasks in
Guam
this
Group: Birds
Species Status: Stable
4.
5.
Recovery Priority: 14
6.
Recovery Plan
Title:
NA
7.
8.
9.
NA Recovery Objective/Criteria: NA
Recovery Plan Stage/Date:
1990
10.
indicated population level of 40,000 birds. As a result, the species was downlisted from endangered to threatened in April
127
Hawaiian
1.
common moorhen
10.
Species: Hawaiian
common
be under the
moorhen
(gallinule) (Gallinula
chloropus sandvicensis)
2.
Management
Listing/Date: Endangered/March
11,
1967
12.
Recovery Achieved: 3
3. 4.
Group: Birds
Species Status: Stable
James Campbell National Wildlife Refuge (NWR) on Oahu and at Kealia on Maui. Resource
agencies continue to pursue the
licensing of diphasinone for
Augus
1990
5. 6.
Recovery
Priority: 9
7.
8.
9.
Kawainui Marsh on Oahu was transferred from the City and County of Honolulu to the State for management by the Division of Land and Natural Resources. The creation of wetland habitat at Mana on Kauai continues. Biannual waterbird surveys continue.
11.
by maintaining
a population
James
Campbell
Mariana
1.
common moorhen
10.
Species: Mariana
common
moorhen
(gallinule) (Gallinula
chloropus guami)
2.
Listing/Date: Endangered/August
27,
1984
3.
Group: Birds
Species Status: Stable
Commonwealth. The
Resources
is
Guam
4.
5. 6.
conducting similar
Recovery
Priority: 9
Title:
studies on
Guam.
Recovery Plan
Recovery
11.
Common
12.
Moorhen
7.
Recovery Achieved:
August
1990
A/1988Not Approved
9.
yet
Recovery Objective/Criteria:
Maintain/develop wetland habitat
to
Guam, 300 on
Tinian.
III!
128
11.
(whip-poor-will)
noclitherus)
2.
{Caphmulgus
Listing/Date: Endangered/June 4,
1973
3.
4.
5. 6.
Group: Birds
Species Status: Stable
presently en-
owned.
Recovery Priority: 5
12.
Recovery Achieved: 2
1990
7.
S.
D.
10.
Guanica Forest.
NukupU'U,
L
Species:
Kauai population
Nukupu'u
lu-
9.
Recovery Objective/Criteria:
(honeycreeper) (Hemignathus
cidus),
'..
Kauai population
I.
to
Listing/Date: Endangered/March
when
the population
11,1967
(.
Group: Birds
Species Status: Declining
\.
i.
Recovery
Major Activity Since Last Report: Kauai population: A forest bird survey was completed in 989 on Kauai, but no nukupuu were
1
Priority: 5
recorded.
11.
>.
addressed
may
not
Recovery Plan)
.
be possible to recover mis species, which is found at critically low numbers and may be
near extinction.
Recovery Achieved:
August
1990
129
Nllkupu'U,
1.
Maui population
Species:
Nukupu'u
9.
Recovery Objective/Criteria:
12.
Recovery Achieved:
Maui population
(//.
/.
affirms):
Augus
Maui population
Listing/Date: Endangered/March
To restore viable populations to non-endangered status within essential habitat areas defined in the
1990
11,1967
3. 4. 5.
6.
recovery plan.
10.
Group: Birds
Species Status: Declining
Recovery
Priority: 5
Recovery Plan Title: MauiMolokai Forest Birds Recovery Plan (the Kauai population is addressed in the Kauai Forest Bird Recovery Plan)
Major Activity Since Last Report: Maui population: Fencing and control of feral ungulates began at the Hanawi Natural Area Reserve (State). The National Park
Service continues feral animal
control and exotic vegetation control at
does
11.
7.
8.
may
not
be possible to recover this species, which is found at critically low numbers and may be
near extinction.
Ti
Kauai 'o'o
9.
1.
(Moho braccatus)
2.
Listing/Date: Endangered/March
11, 1967.
3.
Group: Birds
Species Status: Declining (possibly extinct)
10.
4.
5.
Recovery
Priority: 5
Major Activity Since Last Report: A forest bird survey was conducted in 1989, but no Kauai 'o'o were recorded. The species may be extinct.
6.
11.
7.
12.
8.
Recovery Achieved:
August
1990
Ill
130
Hawaiian
I.
9.
Recovery Objective/Criteria: To
assure that viable populations are
Hawaii population
I.
is
Listing/Date:
11,
Endangered/March
1967
required to determine
J.
Group: Birds
Species Status: Declining (may
12.
Achieved:
ened or be
10.
13.
1.
Information Current as
of:
Aiu
Recovery Priority: 4 Recovery Plan Title: Hawaii Forest Birds Recovery Plan (Kauai population addressed in the Kauai Forest Bird Recovery
Plan)
On Hawaii:
last report,
1990
may be
extinct.
Hakalau Forest National Wildlife Refuge includes fencing, feral animal control, exotic vegetation
control,
and
and
(Research) continue.
Hawaiian
Species: Hawaiian 'o'u (honeycreeper) (Psittirostra psittaeea),
10.
Kauai population
Listing/Date:
11,
Endangered/March
1967
On Kauai,
conducted
11.
Group: Birds
Species Status: Declining (may
be near extinction)
Recovery Priority: 4
,
These tech-
Recovery Plan Title: Kauai Forest Bird Recovery Plan (Hawaii population addressed in the Hawaii
Forest Bird Recovery Plan)
niques
to
may
eventually be needed
and limiting
continue.
1990
On
when
1,000 birds.
131
10.
Received
2.
listing pro-
1990
3.
4.
Endangered Species
Act.
11.
Group: Birds
Species Status: Declining
5. 6. 7.
Recovery
Priority:
9C
Pending
Recovery Plan
Title:
ing
made
to
appoint a
to pre-
recovery team
Coordination of
effort will
this
ol<
8.
be through
9.
is
consid-
Recovery Achieved:
September 1990
Palila
1.
(Loxioides bailleui)
2.
200 sq
km
of
Listing/Date: Endangered/March
11,1967.
3.
4.
10.
Group: Birds
Species Status: Stable
moval of most
cal habitat.
5. 6.
Recovery
Priority: 7
Title: Palila
The
U.S. Fish
stu-
7.
Hawaii has
1
initiated a study
on
mammalian
predators on palila.
9.
Recovery Objective/Criteria: To
downlist to threatened: a
minimum
birds
must be reached
removed
if
numbers increase
sig-
nificantly.
For
12.
Recovery Achieved: 3
complete
minimum
August
1990
132
10.
(Amazona
I.
vittata)
Listing/Date: Endangered/March
11,
1967
management
$.
of wild Hock;
com-
Group: Birds
Species Status: Declining
t.
preparation of Population
Viability Analysis report and
>.
Amazona
i.
vittata
management
Region 8
to
activities
from
Region
4; possible
loss of
50%
of wild population as
{.
November
>.
The declines
in
Recovery Objective/Criteria:
Recovery of the Puerto Rican parrot will require at least 2 separate, secure, wild, and self-sustaining populations with a minimum effective population size of
Hugo
in
management; transfer of parrots to Rio Abajo aviary; research to be carried out by Region 8.
12.
1989 placed increased importance on the captive bred birds at the Fish and
Wildlife Service's Luquillo Aviary
Captive
Recovery Achieved:
bred parrots
1
will
in
the future to
500
birds each.
1990
Maui
Species:
parrotbill
tified as a
Maui
parrotbill (honey-
9.
Recovery Objective/Criteria: To
restore viable populations to non-
creeper) (Pseudonestor
xanthophrys)
'.
conduct
research on Main.
Listing/Date:
11,
Endangered/March
1967
ery plan.
The key
goals focus on
Hawaii that
may be
applicable to
Group: Birds
Species Status: Stable
Maui.
1
12.
Recovery Achieved:
Recovery Priority: 4
August
Area Reserve
feral
(State).
The
1990
Conservancy
Preserve.
11.
at
Waikamoi
may
not
be possible
to
without research
determine the
is
iden-
133
100
1.
Brown pelican
pelican
Species:
Brown
(Pelecanus occidental is
californicus)
2.
food supplies and essential nesting, roosting, and offshore habitat throughout the range; and 3)
restoring population size
and pro-
Listing/Date:
Endangered/October
3.
4. 5. 6.
1970
in the
Group: Birds
Species Status: Stable
10.
Recovery
Recovery Plan
California
The
11.
Brown
Pelican
Recovery Plan.
7.
12.
Recovery Achieved: 3
8.
August
1990
9.
restore
maintaining exist-
101
1.
Brown pelican
9.
Species:
Brown pelican
Recovery Objective/Criteria:
Stabilize/Restore the species in
11.
(Pelecanus occidentalis
carolensis)
2.
Listing/Date:
Endangered/October
3. 4.
5.
1970
through natural reproduction, including the development of a long range monitoring plan.
10.
to
monitc
Group: Birds
Species Status: Improving
Recovery
Priority: 9
to stabili;
on Dress
6.
7.
and Dressing on Cedar Lakes, Second Chain of Islands, or Steamboat Island. Data on number of nest per colony and
Point).
Sundown
No nesting
Recovery Achieved: 3
30, 1990
success
8.
is
[ill
134
102
numbers
to
be maintained have
(Pterodroma phaeopygia
10.
sandwichensis)
Listing/Date: Endangered/March
11,1967
Group: Birds
Species Status: Stable
continue
to
of diphasinone for predator control. Predator control and annual surveys have continued around a
Recovery
Priority: 3
Title:
Recovery Plan
Dark-rumped
Manx
for
at
Haleakala
be continued.
Recovery Plan Stage/Date: F/September 7, 1983 Recovery Objective/Criteria: To downlist to theatened by reducing
annual fallout, protecting nesting
colonies, and developing efficient
12.
Recovery Achieved: 2
August
1990
103
Major Activity Since Last Report: Conducting field research on habitat, captive breeding program
at
Humacao
at
Aviary, periodical
censuses
Cidra.
Endangered/October
Group: Birds
13,
1970
11.
Recovery
Priority:
9C
12.
Humacao
aviaiy.
1
Recovery Achieved:
1990
Recovery Objective/Criteria:
Delist/none specified
135
104
1.
Piping plOVer,
10.
Atlantic
Coast population
Listing/Date:
Threatened/December
3.
4. 5.
1985
11.
Group: Birds
Species Status: Stable
Recovery
Priority:
2C
6.
Recovery Achieved:
7.
27,
8.
1990
9.
human disturbance
along
136
Piping plOVer,
L.
Interior population
105
Stabilize
Great Lakes
Duluth/Superior
5 pairs,
Group: Birds
Species Status: Declining in
Michigan
\.
100
sites
pairs, other
Great lakes
10.
35 pairs
Recovery
Priority:
2C
Major Activity Since Last Report: Status surveys have been completed. The Great Lakes & Northern Great Plains Recovery team finalizes plans to coordinate
a 1991 International Census.
weeks during
in a very
the winter of
1990
&
Cuba searching
Recovery Objective/Criteria:
Delist
amount
11.
Census
will
be conducted, which
We need
to
pairs
South Dakota
350
cludes 250 pairs shared with Nebraska on Missouri River): Missouri River below Gavin's
Point
27,
1990
250
pairs, other
Missouri
25
pairs.
Nebraska 465 pairs (includes 250 pairs shared with South Dakota on the Missouri River), Platte River 140 pairs, Niobrara River 50 pairs, Missouri River 250 pairs, Loup River system 25
pairs.
Minnesota
25
pairs
137
106
1.
Po'ouli
11.
{Melamprosops phaeosoma)
2.
Listing/Date:
Group: Birds
Species Status: Declining
be possible to recover this species, which is found at critically low numbers, without
research to determine the biological factors limiting the
4. 5. 6.
Recovery
Priority:
is
iden-
conduct
on Maui.
is
being
7.
8.
species
on Maui.
1
12.
Recovery Achieved:
9.
August
1990
endangered
ery plan.
The key
the stabilization
essential habitat.
10.
Major Activity Since Last Report: Fencing and control of feral ungulates
known
The
Nature Conservancy
Preserve.
at
The Waikamoi
138
107
pri-
9.
prairie-chicken
(Tympanuchus
cupido attwateri)
2.
11.
management
Listing/Date:
11,
Endangered/March
1967
3,000 wild birds. Delist when at 5,000 wild birds with 25,000 acres managed for
b at Fossil
Kim
Wildlife
3. 4. 5. 6.
Group: Birds
Species Status: Declining
10.
le\as. Pursue
translocation research at
Tew
Recovery Priority: 3
One
habitat
A&M
teiiy
management agreement signed in Victoria County, one more imminent in Austin County, and two
additional being discussed in
Sponsor
tive
7.
8.
Expand
the spring
Add
the
a biologist/range specialist to
public in-
terest
and concern.
Attwater Prairie-
Recovery Achieved:
24,
1990
pending. Continuing
site
evaluation process
to
bring private
into the
landowners
manage grazing by
soil
Attwater's Prairie-
chicken National
Wildlife Refuge
currently restricted to
'
(APC-
na-
NWR).
threatIn
rairie
and
Wildlife
3me protected
139
108
1.
California clapper
rail
rail
10.
Listing/Date:
11. 13,
Endangered/October
3.
1970
Group: Birds
12.
Recovery Achieved:
4. 5. 6.
Recovery
1990
Recovery Plan Title: Salt Marsh Harvest Mouse/California Clapper Rail Recovery Plan
7.
8.
9.
3200 hectares
of privately
owned
Species:
stoni)
Guam rail
(Rallus ow-
in
2.
Listing/Date: Endangered/August
27, 1984
Major Activity Since Last Report: There are no rails left in the wild.
3. 4.
Group: Birds
Species Status: Stable (all animals are in captivity)
The establishment
mental
artificial
is
of an experi-
population on the
Island of Rota
underway.
released are
status of
Thirteen of 22
rails
5. 6.
Recovery
Priority:
known
to
be dead; the
is
unknown,
died.
Guam
Forest
11.
may have
7.
8.
ment of experimental
population on Rota.
lease of
will
artificial
large rerails
9.
brown
tree
snake on
Guam.
12.
Recovery Achieved:
September, 1990
of 3,000
in
140
Light-footed clapper
Species: Light-footed clapper
(Rallus longirostris levipes)
rail
rail
110
acres in at least 20
marsh com-
plexes
10.
Listing/Date:
Endangered/October
3. 4. 5.
13,
1970
Group: Birds
Species Status: Declining
Major Activity Since Last Report Censuses throughout the U.S. range of the species continued; it
is
much-needed population
now more
critically
Recovery Priority: 6 Recovery Plan Title: Light-footed Clapper Rail Recovery Plan
efforts
6.
Newport Bay population in Orange County is currently reasonably sale from extirpation; all
others are declining and/or unac12. 13.
pand much-needed management and studies. Contamtni testing win include testing {)1
vsiii
be
Recovery Achieved:
ceptably small.
forts
Management
in at
ef-
Information Current as
of:
August
effectively
least
implemented
artificial
1990
one
locale.
The construction
nesting plat-
(and use) of
breeding population
present in
Upper
Yuma clapper
1.
rail
111
Species:
Yuma
clapper
rail
10.
Listing/Date:
Endangered/March
May
11,1967
3. 4.
5.
Group: Birds
Species Status: Stable
and June, 1990. for entire Colorado River downstream of Davis Dam and for selected interior locations within Arizona.
11.
Recovery Priority: 6 Recovery Plan Title: Yuma Clapper Rail Recovery Plan
6.
improve management of
7.
Recovery Achieved: 3
8.
1990
9.
Recovery Objective/Criteria:
Downlist. Stabilize population at 700- 1,000 individuals, survey
annually,
and protect
habitat.
141
112
1.
be maintained have
Listing/Date:
Major Activity Since Last Report: Maintenance and operation of "fallout" stations on Kauai has
continued. Resource agencies
Group: Birds
Species Status: Stable
continue
to
Recovery
No
Priority: 9
Title:
reported
nest in the
Hawaiian Dark-rumped Petrel and Newell's Manx Shearwater Recovery Plan Recovery Plan
returned annually.
11.
7.
8.
be continued.
12.
Recovery Achieved: 2
9.
August
1990
113
1.
mearnsi)
2.
Listing/Date: Endangered/August
11.
11,1977
3.
Group: Birds
Species Status: Declining
1 2.
4.
5.
Recovery
Priority: 9
August
1990
6.
7.
for
8.
9.
goats, pigs,
and
cats.
142
114
Management techniques are employed which will insure the longterm protection and maintenance
of the sparrow's functional
2.
Listing/Date:
Endangered/March
11,1967
3. 4. 5.
6.
The population
of 6,600
Group: Birds
Species Status: Stable
maintains a
minimum
be
above
this level.
Recovery Plan
Title:
Cape Sable
No recent surveys
or activities.
for
8.
None
9.
Recovery Achieved: 2
1990
The reasons
115
Species:
9.
Recovery Objective/Criteria:
Restore the species
it is
to a
point that
nigrescens)
2.
tinction.
Listing/Date:
11,1967
3.
10.
Group: Birds
Species Status: Extinct
4.
5.
Recovery Priority: 6
Recovery Plan
Title:
6.
Dusky
12.
Recovery Achieved:
1990
8.
143
116
1. 2.
sparrow (Ammodramus
of 100 to
savannarum floridanus)
Listing/Date: Endangered/July
31, 1986
3. 4. 5.
Group: Birds
Species Status: Declining
Florida
Recovery
Game Commission
Priority: 9
6.
7.
for
8.
12.
Recovery Achieved:
1990
9.
117
1.
Species:
Recovery Objective/Criteria:
Eliminate threat from introduced
goats, pigs,
and
cats.
Listing/Date: Threatened/August
11,
10.
1977
3. 4. 5.
Group: Birds
Species Status: Declining
11.
Recovery
Priority: 9
Major Activity Over Next Reporting Period: Continued moval of feral animals.
Recovery Achieved:
1
re-
6.
12.
August
1990
7.
8.
144
Hawaiian
1.
stilt
118
James
Species: Hawaiian
stilt
(= Ae'o)
9.
(Himantopus himantopus
krmdseni)
2.
delist
1 1.
Listing/Date:
Campbell
Endangered/October
3.
13,
1970
10.
Group: Birds
Species Status: Stable
A full-time realty
position has
filled in
should be llnalized Kealia should be under the National Wildlife Refuge System.
NWR
Management
of Kawainui for
wa-
\.
5.
Recovery
Priority: 9
Recovery Achieved: 3
Current as
of:
$.
and
at
(NWR)
13. Information
August
1990
1.
agencies continue
pursue the
Kawainui Marsh on Oahu was transferred from the City and County of Honolulu to the State for management by the Division of Land and Natural Resources.
The
Mana on Kauai
tinue.
Wood
Species: Wood stork {Mycteria americana) Southeast U.S.
stork
119
population
Listing/Date:
to
Group: Birds
Species Status: Stable.
i
.
Recovery
Priority:
6C
Title:
Wood Stork
1990
Downlist/When population reaches and maintains 6,000 breeding pairs. Delist/When population reaches and maintains
10,000 breeding pairs. Population
145
120
1.
Mariana gray
swiftlet
(= Vanikoro) (Aerodramus
vanikorensis bartschi)
2.
1984
3.
4. 5. 6.
Group: Birds
Species Status: Stable
parently
Recovery
Priority: 9
Recovery Plan Title: Recovery Plan for the Mariana Islands Population of the Vanikoro
Swiftlet
11.
7.
for
8.
A/1988Not Approved
9.
August
yet
1990
121
1. 2.
Recovery Objective/Criteria:
Before downlisting
to
continued at various
species.
11.
sites
threatened
Endangered/October
3. 4.
13,
1970
Group: Birds
Species Status: Declining
recently stable at 1200+/- pairs
can be considered, 1,200 pairs must be present in a total of 20 secure wetland ecosystems. Each of these wetlands must have a
minimum
of
20 breeding
Major Activity Over Next Reporting Period: Colony moni toring and predator managemen
will continue at
pairs
with a 5-year
mean reproductive
Navy-adminis-
Recovery
Priority:
6C
6.
young per breeding pair. Of the 20 secure wetlands, San Francisco Bay, Mission Bay, and San Diego Bay must have at least 4, 6, and 6
colonies respectively.
more management
available
to
money
will
become
some
of the
acti
7.
predator
management througho
8.
Major Activity Since Last Report: Colony monitoring and management continue at most of the
largest nesting sites.
Recovery Achieved:
However,
(i.e.
1990
not
146
Least tern
l.
122
to
10.
11.
Listing/Date:
28,
Endangered/May
1985
new
to
Group: Birds
Species Status: Improving
4.
breeding success.
5.
Recovery Achieved:
Recovery
Priority:
3C
Recovery
5.
Recovery Plan
the Least
Title:
27,
1990
Tern
7.
J.
).
when
from the present 5,000 7,000 and remains stable for 10 years and 4 major censuses have
increased
to
numbers are
as follows:
Montana 50, North Dakota 250, South Dakota 680 (includes 400 shared with Nebraska on the
Missouri River), Nebraska
1520,
Mississippi and
Least terns are colonial birds which nest mainly on bare
alluvial islands or
Ohio River
sys-
Due
to channelization
and damming
of rivers,
much
tem
will
remain stable
at cur-
destroyed.
will increase
147
123
1.
Roseate tern
10.
2.
Listing/Date: Endangered
Population
is
stable
1987
3.
at 18 sites in
1989 (but
2
11.
sites).
84%
Group: Birds
Species Status: Stable
4. 5. 6.
Recovery
Priority: 3
Title:
Northeastern
Roseate Tern
dynamics study will wind down and a wintering ground study will be initiated, contingent on available funding. Gull removal on
both colony restoration
proceed.
12.
sites will
7.
8.
Recovery Achieved:
1990
9.
5,000
more than
200
124
1.
Listing/Date:
Endangered/October
3.
4. 5. 6.
13,
1970
11.
Group: Birds
Species Status: Declining
Recovery
Priority: 5
The cause
of the decline
is
little
can be
this
done
manage
pop-
7.
8.
9.
Recovery Achieved:
August
1990
148
Molokai thrush
1.
9.
Recovery Objective/Criteria: To
restore viable populations to non-
11.
rutha)
endangered
ery plan.
2.
Listing/Date:
Endangered/October
3.
4.
1970
The key
goals focus on
Group: Birds
Species Status: Declining
10.
essential habitat.
5.
6.
Recovery Priority: 6
Recovery Plan Title: Maui/Molokai Forest Birds Recovery Plan
Major Activity Since Last Report: Fencing and control of feral ungulates
12.
13.
Recovery Achieved:
began
at the State
Natural
Information Current as
of:
August
1990
7.
8.
beginning
to
F/March
manage two
large reserves,
survey conducted in
988 are
completed.
Major Activity Since Last Report: A forest bird survey was conducted
in 1989; 14 birds
Listing/Date:
Ehdangered/March
were
11,1967
Group: Birds
Species Status: Stable
numbers.
Recovery Priority: 5
Recovery Plan
Title:
11.
Kauai Forest
can be done
this
to actively
manage
on Kauai.
1
,000 individ12.
Recovery Achieved:
August
1990
149
Species: Inyo
brown towhee
10.
(Pipilofuscus eremophilus)
2.
1987
Major Activity Since Last Report: of Land Management established an Area of Critical Environmental Concern at least in part to protect towhee habitat. A
The Bureau
3. 4. 5.
Group: Birds
Species Status: Stable
3-year
life
history study/habitat
U.S.
11.
Navy
funding.
Recovery
Priority:
9C
Pending
6.
7.
Recovery Plan
Title:
None
12.
Recovery Achieved:
8.
August
23, 1990
9.
Black-capped vireo
1.
10.
{Vireo atricapillus)
2.
Listing/Date:
Endangered/October
3.
6,
1987
Group: Birds
Species Status: Declining
(Balcones Canyonlands
HCP)
4. 5. 6.
7.
Recovery
Priority:
2C
Pending
HCP may be
Recovery Plan
Title:
plan.
8.
U
12.
Recovery Achieved:
9.
1990
150
129
10.
I.
Listing/Date:
Endangered/May
2,
1986
I.
Basin.
Examined
feasibility of
Group: Birds
Species Status: Improving
11.
1.
I.
Recovery Priority:
3C
'.
August
1990
>.
Recovery Objective/Criteria: Reverse trend of loss and degradation of habitat; control nest parasitism through habitat
protection, restoration,
and man-
agement.
130
Listing/Date: Endangered/June 2,
Commonwealth
of the
1970;
'.
December
2,
1970
Group: Birds
Species Status: Stable
in
Pending
12.
compared
to
more diverse
"
Recovery Achieved:
August
1990
).
151
131
1.
Bachman's warbler
10.
(Vermivora bachmanii)
2.
The
in northeast Louisiana.
The
Listing/Date: Endangered/March
11,
Field Office
cooperating with
on the
1967
3.
Group: Birds
Species Status:
(Species
South Carolina
to
monitor for
12.
4.
Recovery Achieved:
known
nesting habitat.
to
Experimental cuts
duplicate
1990
Cuba)
5. 6. 7.
Recovery
Priority: 5
Title:
Recovery Plan
NA
most of
1989.
the
on the
of
fall
8.
9.
NA Recovery Objective/Criteria: NA
this species,
hypothesized
that
tat
more
document
132
1.
Listing/Date:
Endangered/May
4,
1990
3.
Group: Birds
Species Status: Declining
11.
4.
5. 6. 7.
Recovery
Priority:
2C
Pending
Recovery Plan
Title:
Major Activity Over Next Reporting Period: Complete final rule by the time the emergency rule expires. Complete draft recovery plan. Complete HCP as soon as possible and begin land
acquisition.
8.
Recovery Achieved:
9.
September 1990
Golden-cheeked warblers require larc areas of mature Ashe juniper and oal woodlands for nesting and foraging. These areas are disappearing due to juniper eradication programs and
urbanization.
152
Kirtland's warbler
1.
133
DNR
in \^K).
is
10.
(Dendroica kirtlandii)
2.
Kirtland's
Listing/Date:
11,
Endangered March
The
Forest Service
using hand-
1967
25%
1989 count, and the highest population since the population crash
3. 4.
5.
Group: Birds
Species Status: Improving
machine-planting method.
Biological Opinion
5C
Only one male was located in Wisconsin. Over 5,900 acres have been acquired by the
in the 1960s.
was
train-
completed
for
planned develop-
6.
Title: Kirtland's
Camp Grayling.
to
for
8.
management units over the last 6 years. Cowbird control has conin Kirtland's warbler habitat
measures
lake.
11.
to
9.
continues
to
study
above
activities.
site fidelity,
Delisting.
self-sustaining popu-
lation of at least
1,000 pairs.
12.
Recovery Achieved: 2
23,
1990
and their effects on mating systems and the production of offspring. 1,500 acres of habitat
Bridled white-eye
Species: Bridled white-eye
9.
134
Recovery Objective/Criteria:
Control and/or eradicate the
(Zosterops conspicillatus
conspicillatiis)
brown
tree
snake on
Guam;
estab-
Listing/Date: Endangered/August
27,
1984
be-
Group: Birds
.
lieved to be extinct.
10.
critical
habi-
designation.
i.
Guam
Forest
11.
'.
on Guam.
1
Recovery Achieved:
I.
September, 1990
153
135
1.
Ivory-billed
10.
woodpecker
p.
Major Activity Since Last Report: Ten thousand brochures describing the bird were distributed to foresters, birders, biologists, and
others frequenting the last potential
survives in Cuba.
2.
Listing/Date: Endangered/March
11,
News
articles
and the
3.
Group: Birds
Species Status: Extinct
who
4.
is
(presumed)
5.
6.
7.
11.
Recovery
Priority: 18
Title:
Recovery Plan
NA
8. 9.
NA Recovery Objective/Criteria: NA
Recovery Plan Stage/Date:
Recovery Achieved:
August
23, 1990
136
1.
Red-cockaded woodpecker
for delisting
is
Species: Red-cockaded
15 viable popula-
restrictors
and colony
sites
with
woodpecker (Picoides
2.
borealis)
areas of
its
Listing/Date:
Many
of the
ma
Endangered/October
3.
13.
1970
Group: Birds
Species Status: Declining
and managing
habitat; re-
4. 5. 6.
implemented by land managers, publication on the species and private landowners was
published.
11.
Recovery
Priority:
8C
Red-
Recovery Plan
Plan
Title:
7.
site
management
8.
augmentation,
artificial cavity
11,
9.
Recovery Objective/Criteria: Downlist and then delist the species. Requirement for downlisting is six viable
management
that
have prescribed
management
options.
1
needed changes. Research has provided new information on genetic variation, population viability,
Recovery Achieved:
populations
June
transplanting techniques,
25, 1990
range. Requirement
154
Appendix
Reptiles
IV.
156
137
9.
Recovery Objective/Criteria:
Downlist. Establish healthy population levels of lizards in
Listing/Date: Endangered/July
21, 1977
10.
expanded
habitat.
3. 4. 5. 6.
Group: Reptiles
Species Status:
Unknown
11.
Recovery Priority: 5 Recovery Plan Title: Culebra Island Giant Anole Recovery Plan
7.
8.
1990
Mona boa
1.
138
Species:
Mona boa
{Epicrates
9.
Recovery Objective/Criteria:
Stabilized/none specified
monensis monensis)
2.
Listing/Date:
10.
3,
Threatened/February
3.
4. 5.
1978
Group: Reptiles
Species Status:
Mona
review
11.
Island (Department of
Unknown
6.
Mona Boa
(Epicrates
monensis monensis)
7.
Mona
Island.
1
12.
Recovery Achieved:
1990
8.
157
139
1.
(Epicrates inornalus)
2.
Major Activity Since Last Report: habitat surveys conducted by Department of Natural Resources
Boa
Listing/Date:
Endangered/October
3.
13,
1970
11.
Group: Reptiles
Species Status: Stable
4. 5. 6.
Recovery
Priority: 14
Title:
12.
Recovery Achieved:
Recovery Plan
Recovery
Boa
1990
for
8.
F/March27, 1986
9.
Recovery Objective/Criteria:
Delist/none specified
140
1.
boa
Listing/Date:
10.
7,
Endangered/December
3. 4. 5. 6.
1979
Group: Reptiles
Species Status:
Unknown
zation
11.
Recovery
Priority:
3C
Virgin
Recovery Plan
Islands Tree
Title:
zation of habitat
7.
Recovery Achieved:
8.
1990
158
American crocodile
1.
141
Species:
American crocodile
10.
(Crocodylus acutus)
2.
Listing/Date:
Major Activity Since Last Report: Continuation of mark-recapture and nest monitoring studies
funded under Section 6 funds. Coordination with Department of Transportation on the reconstruction of U.S. Highway 1 and its impacts on crocodiles.
Group: Reptiles
Species Status:
Unknown.
5.
Recovery Priority:
2C
11.
6.
No new
studies
7.
12.
Recovery Achieved: 2
i.
1990
).
when
the
number
of breed-
minimum
Saltwater crocodile
Species: Saltwater crocodile
10.
142
(Crocodylus porosus)
Listing/Date:
11.
18,
None
Major Activity Over Next
Reporting Period: Plan
to
Endangered/December
Group: Reptiles
Species Status:
1979
conduct
Belauinl991.
12.
Unknown
1
Recovery Achieved:
August
Title:
Pending
1990
Recovery Objective/Criteria: To
be developed.
159
143
1.
Monito gecko
10.
(Sphaerodactylus micropithecus)
2.
Listing/Date:
Endangered/October
3. 4. 5.
15,
1982
11.
Group: Reptiles
Species Status:
Unknown
12.
Recovery
Priority: 8
6.
Recovery Achieved:
7.
1990
8.
9.
144
1.
Species:
Mona ground
(Cyclura stejnegeri)
2.
Listing/Date:
Threatened/February
3. 4. 5. 6.
3,
1978
Group: Reptiles
Species Status: Stable
Recovery
Priority: 2
Title:
Mona
Iguana
on
the reproductive
ment
7.
population.
Endemic
to
Mona
Island, just
is
west
of
Puerto Rico,
th
Recovery Achieved:
2
Mona
Island iguana
primarily threatened by
8.
as of: July
1990
10.
An electric
keep
the
fence designed to
feral goats
160
Blunt-nosed leopard
1.
lizard
in the
145
southern por-
8.
(Gambelia
silus)
9.
Recovery Plan Stage/Date: R/Rev/1985 Recovery Objective/Criteria: Downlist when at least 9 reserves
with a minimum of 6,000 contiguous acres, (totaling
11.
at least
Conservancy
potentially
on
2.
Listing/Date: Endangered/March
11,
good
habitat in the
1967
northern range.
3.
4.
5.
Group: Reptiles
Species Status: Declining
Recovery Priority:
2C
55,000 acres) are secured throughout the lizards range supports a stable or increasing mini-
6.
mum density of
Recovery Achieved:
7.
Major Activity Since Last Report: Large land purchases and exchanges by the Bureau of Land Management and The Nature
20,
1990
lizard
146
toed lizard
I.
(Uma
inornata)
jacent to
all
three
Group: Reptiles
Species Status: Declining
secure because of
these threats.
5.
Recovery
Priority:
2C
11.
of above activities
'.
Known
in
southern
lizard
is
California, the
!.
R/F/Septemberll,1985
'.
2
13. Information Current
989
in
Recovery Objective/Criteria:
Delist.
Establishment of two or
more
and
to allow
development
to
proceed.
1990
ing populations.
0.
161
147
1.
Recovery Objective/Criteria:
Eliminate threat from introduced
goats, pigs,
(Xanlusia riversiana)
2.
and
cats.
Listing/Date: Threatened/August
11,
1977
10.
3.
4. 5.
Group: Reptiles
Species Status: Stable
11.
Recovery
Priority: 8
Major Activity Over Next Reporting Period: Continued removal of feral animals.
Recovery Achieved: 3
6.
12.
August
7.
1990
8.
148
1.
St.
(Ameiva polops)
2.
Listing/Date: Endangered/June 3,
Cay
St.
to
be relocated
to
1977
3.
4.
5.
Ruth Cay,
Hurricane Hugo.
Group: Reptiles
11.
Species Status:
Unknown
2C
12.
Recovery
Priority:
6.
Recovery Plan
Plan for the Lizard
St.
Title:
Recovery Achieved:
1990
7.
8.
F/March29, 1984
9.
Recovery Objective/Criteria:
Downlist/Protect existing population at Green Cay, insure continued existence of the population at
on Buck
162
New Mexico
.
ridgenose rattlesnake
and possible ex-
149
Species:
further decline
scurus)
',.
10.
1978
I.
Group: Reptiles
Species Status:
Major Activity Since Last Report: Gray Ranch in southern New Mexico purchased by The Nature
Conservancy. Therefore, the bulk of the habitat remaining in the
U.S. will be protected.
..
Unknown
11.
i.
Recovery Priority: 3 Recovery Plan Title: New Mexico Ridgenose Rattlesnake Recovery
Plan
i.
on Gray Ranch.
12.
Recovery Achieved:
31, 1990
is little
chance
to rear
and transplant
to
new
goal
localities.
is
The only
realistic
to
Blue-tailed
l
mole skink
150
Species: Blue-tailed
mole skink
10.
{Eumeces egregius
21
lividus)
Threatened/November
I
6,
1987
11.
habitat.
No
Group: Reptiles
Species Status: Declining
-)
May
have some
Recovery Priority: 9
Recovery Plan
Title:
Pending
12.
Recovery Achieved:
1990
163
151
1.
Sand skink
10.
2.
Listing/Date:
habitat.
Threatened/November
3.
6,
1987
11.
Group: Reptiles
Species Status: Declining
May
have some
4. 5. 6.
7.
Recovery
Priority: 7
Title:
Recovery Plan
Pending
12.
Recovery Achieved:
1990
8.
9.
152
1.
Atlantic salt
marsh snake
10.
marsh snake
None
11.
Listing/Date:
Threatened/November
3.
4.
5. 6. 7.
29,
977
Group: Reptiles
Species Status: Declining
Recovery
Priority: 12
Title:
Mosquito Control.
Pending
12.
Recovery Plan
Recovery Achieved:
1990
8. 9.
164
153
Species:
10.
Listing/Date:
Threatened/September
J.
3,
1986
Group: Reptiles
Species Status: Stable
\.
5.
Recovery Priority:
9C
Pending
>.
Recovery Plan
Title:
r .
12.
Recovery Achieved:
!.
1990
>.
154
Listing/Date: Threatened/January
31,
1978
Group: Reptiles
Species Status: Declining
behavior toward
snakes.
Recovery Priority: 12
10.
Recovery Plan
Title:
Eastern
Endemic to the Southeast, the eastern indigo snake is dependent upon the burrows of other species (such as the threatened gopher tortoise). The snakes use the burrows as a general refuge and for overwintering.
12.
Alabama,
Recovery Objective/Criteria: To
ensure that
Some
Recovery Achieved:
numerous indigo
11.
1990
exists in the
165
9.
snake (Thamnophis
tetrataenia)
2.
sirtalis
Listing/Date: Endangered/March
11,
and protected
years.
10.
for 15 consecutive
1967
3. 4. 5. 6.
Group: Reptiles
Species Status: Declining
Major Activity Since Last Report: Radio telemetry life history study. Major Activity Over Next
Reporting Period:
Recovery
Priority: 3
Title:
11.
None
1
12.
Recovery Achieved:
7.
1990
8.
Desert tortoise
1.
(Gopherus
population
2.
agassizii),
Mohave
Listing/Date: Threatened/April
2,
1990
3. 4.
Group: Reptiles
Species Status: Declining
Recovery
Priority:
3C
Pending
Recovery Plan
Title:
U
>-'..*
9.
s^Kv
&'
~-p!--\'
x'
..-,
a recently-listed species, is primarily threatened by disease, p dation by ravens, vandalism, collectors, livestock grazing, and habitat disturbance
tortoise,
The desert
10.
off-road vehicles.
The
to
Fish
and
Wildlife Service's
to halt the
recovery team
will
address thes<
threats
develop a plan
11.
12.
Recovery Achieved:
August
23,
1990
166
Gopher
1.
tortoise
11.
157
Species:
Gopher
tortoise,
western
9.
mus)
2.
Listing/Date: Threatened/July 7,
1987
3.
4. 5. 6.
Group: Reptiles
Species Status: Declining
Recovery Objective/Criteria: Prevention from endangered status and delisting. Successful prevention of endangered status would be considered by evidence of an average of 5 gopher tortoises per hectare on deep sandy soils
(1.52 meters (+/-)) for a period of
ing of habitat management on the DeSoto National Forest, implementation of baseline surveys and
habitat assessments by the U.S.
30 years on
the
DeSoto National
is
pri-
Recovery
Priority:
on deep
(+/-))
conservation.
sandy
soils (1.53
meters
on
12.
7.
private lands.
Recovery Achieved:
8.
1990
man-
National Forest.
Alabama
L
red-bellied turtle
158
Species:
tle
Alabama red-bellied
tur-
10.
(Pseudemys alabamensis)
11.
Listing/Date: Endangered/June
17,
1987
I.
Group: Reptiles
Species Status:
Major Activity Over Next Reporting Period: Conduct studies to determine the turtle's population biology and ecology; locate major nesting habitats; locate basking and over- wintering habitats; and reduce mortality to all
life
\.
Unknown
Recovery Priority: 2
Recovery Plan
Title:
i.
Alabama
12.
stages.
1
Recovery Achieved:
1990
Recovery Objective/Criteria:
Downlist. Establish long-term
protection for three nesting habitats;
increasing.
167
159
1.
Flattened
musk
turtle
musk
10.
turtle
Species: Flattened
(Slcmothcrus depressus)
2.
11.
1987
3. 4. 5. 6.
Group: Reptiles
Species Status:
Unknown
wa-
Recovery
Priority: 14
ter quality
and other
threats.
warranted.
12.
7.
for
8.
Recovery Achieved:
1990
9.
160
1.
Green sea
turtle
turtle
Major Activity Since Last Report: For threatened: Turtle Excluder Device (TED) regulations fully in
force in the Gulf and southeastern
Species:
Green sea
10.
(Chelonia nrydas)
2.
Listing/Date: Endangered at
breeding colonies
Threatened elsewhere/October
13. 1970; July 28, 1978. 3. 4.
5. 6.
Mexican beach,
turtle,
Group: Reptiles
Species Status:
Unknown
Recovery
Priority: 8.
2C
Rico and U.S. Virgin Islands. For endangered: Mexican beach, turtle,
in
Yucatan
7.
for
NMFS
8.
beaches
in east Florida.
lations in Florida.
Recovery Achieved:
9.
31,
1990
168
161
beaches
in Puerto Rico.
activities.
Law
Section 7
(= carey) (Eretmochelys
Enforcement
imbricata)
2.
Listing/Date: Endangered/June 2,
1970
3.
4.
Campeche.
11.
Group: Reptiles
Species Status:
Unknown
5. 6.
beaches in Puerto
at
Recovery
Nest surveys/protection
(NMFS)
Buck
NMFS
19.
Recovery Achieved:
8.
R/1990/F/September
9.
1984
31,
1990
10.
Kemp's
.
ridley
to
sea
turtle
162
Species:
Kemp s ridley
sea turtle
{Lepidochetys kempii)
'..
40,000
10.
2,
at
nesting beach.
Listing/Date:
Endangered/December
'.
1970
Group: Reptiles
Species Status: Declining
Monitor beaches
in
Vera
Recovery Priority:
2C
Recovery
Cruz
TED s
Recovery Plan
Title:
(NMFS)
NMFS
I
.
and ento
forcement of
TED regulations.
cover
Expand
sent.
TED regulations
l
-
Excluder Devices (TED) are enforced in shrimp trawls to mitigate fishing mortalities. Nesting
Recovery Achieved:
31, 1990
169
163
1.
Leatherback sea
10.
turtle
(Dermochclys coriacea)
2.
Listing/Date: Endangered/June 2,
Sandy
1970
3. 4. 5.
Group: Reptiles
Species Status:
Unknown
11.
Recovery
Priority: 7
6.
Recovery Plan Title: Recovery Plan for Marine Turtles (NMFS) (revised, 1990)
7.
beach and
Pacific
turtle protection in
Mexico
at Mexiquillo,
Michoacan.
Recovery Achieved:
1
8.
31,
1990
9.
164
1.
Loggerhead sea
10.
turtle
(Carctla carctta)
2.
(TED)
1978
3. 4.
Group: Reptiles
Species Status: Declining
Georgia implemented.
11.
5. 6.
Recovery
Priority:
7C
Recovery
Recovery Plan
Title:
(NMFS).
NMFS
Recovery Achieved:
8.
31,
1990
9.
Loggerhead hatchlings face enormous and human-related threats. In effort to protect nesting beaches at Ca Canaveral National Seashore in Florid from predation, the Fish and Wildlife Service has coordinated with the Air Force and the National Park Service. Since protection efforts have been unnatural
i
dertaken, the
number
of successful
170
165
10.
{Lepidochelys olivacea)
2.
Listing/Date:
Endangered
at
Major Activity Since Last Report: For threatened: Beach and nest protection in Guyana. Beach and
nest protection in Costa Rica. For
Group: Reptiles
Species Status: Declining
11.
8C
Recovery
Title:
(NMFS)
NMFS
8.
Beach and nest protection Guyana. Beach and nest protection in Costa Rica. For endangered: Beach and nest protection, monitor/investigate implementation of and aid in maintaining the ban on take and trade, and initiate additional beach protection project in Oaxaca, Mexico.
12. Recovery Achieved:
1
9.
31,
1990
Plymouth red-bellied
I.
turtle
166
Species:
turtle
10.
bangsii)
I.
Listing/Date: Endangered/April
2,
1980
11.
surveys.
\.
Group: Reptiles
Species Status: Stable
\.
Recovery Priority: 9 Recovery Plan Title: Plymouth Red-Bellied Turtle Recovery Plan
100
10 years.
An
inventory of the
ma-
'.
study will
.
mine
appears
12.
to
be low
at this point.
'
Recovery Achieved: 2
600
1990
171
167
1.
Ringed sawback
<h ulifera)
turtle
(Graptemys
2.
Listing/Date:
Group: Reptiles
Species Status: Stable
The major ongoing activity has been mark and recapture research
at selected localities
on the Pearl
4. 5. 6.
River
to
Recovery
Recovery Plan
be
to
7.
and
8.
F/April
9.
1990
Sawback turtle will require providing secure habitat for the turtle
in
downstream of
Ross Barnett
172
174
Golden coqui
1.
168
Species:
Golden coqui
9.
Recovery Objective/Criteria:
Delist/
11.
(Eleutherodactylus jasperi)
2.
The
three populations
Listing/Date:
Threatened/November
3.
4.
1977
having a
viduals.
minimum
of 1,000 indihabitat
The long-term
Group: Amphibians
Species Status: Declining
known popumanagement
12.
maining populations.
Recovery Achieved:
1
5. 6.
5C
(Eleutherodactylus jasperi)
7.
completed and provide a basis for long-term management of golden coqui habitat to insure sustained
availability of required habitat
1990
likeli-
hood
of catastrophic losses.
8.
known
was reviewed
in April 1990.
169
Species: Cheat
Mountain
10.
Listing/Date: Threatened/August
18,
1989
new
sites
3. 4.
Group: Amphibians
Species Status: Stable
5.
6.
Recovery
Priority: 8
11.
Recovery Plan Title: Draft Recovery Plan for the Cheat Mountain Salamander (Plethodon
12.
nettingi)
Recovery Achieved: 2
7.
1990
8.
9.
Delist /
175
170
1.
distribu-
unlikely that
Listing/Date: Endangered/June 4,
1973
3.
4. 5.
10.
Group: Amphibians
Species Status:
Unknown 5C
Recovery
Recovery
Priority:
6.
Recovery Plan
Plan
-
Title:
Major Activity Since Last Report: Department of Fish and Game has been conducting monthly surveys of Guadalupe Canyon during 1989. They are attempting to collect one individual from this location for genetic
California
analysis.
7.
for
8.
Guadalupe Canyon.
12.
9.
Recovery Objective/Criteria: and population in Hidden Palms Canyon. Downlist to Threatened: Determine if
Stabilize habitat
Recovery Achieved:
August
1990
171
1.
Red
Hills
salamander
10.
A reexsta-
.*"
amination of the
3,
2.
Threatened/December
3.
4. 5.
1976
Red
Hills
Group: Amphibians
Species Status: Declining
1988.
The
report
identifies
Recovery
Priority: 7
tions to
23 populabe protected
6.
7.
11.
Red
is
Hills
salamander
ot
8.
Recommen-
restrictive habitat.
The species
is
found mainly
siltstone.
in
dations contained in
the reexamination
9.
12.
Recovery Achieved:
and compati-
1990
176
Species:
10.
{Eurycea nana)
2.
Major Activity Since Last Report: Preliminary results from a Section 6 study showed that the salamanders in the
1980
3. 4.
Comal Springs
are not
Group: Amphibians
Species Status:
Unknown
5. 6.
2C
San Marcos
11.
from one
location).
A captive
Title:
7.
8.
ogy
study.
Should
to
it
become
necessary
temporarily bring
9.
be amended
in the
is
un-
1990
Cruz long-toed
10.
occurred due
filling of
to 1)
disking and
Endangered/March
breeding ponds at
2) tree
1967
Group: Amphibians
Species Status: Stable
Moro
ered.
Cojo. Several
new popula-
been discov-
Recovery Priority: 3
11.
Major Activity Over Next Reporting Period: The Nature Conservancy may conduct work
to
address
salt
water intrusion
at
Struve Pond.
12. Recovery Achieved:
1
August
1990
177
174
1.
Shenandoah salamander
is a problem. The National Park Service prepared a manage-
Species:
Shenandoah salamander
tation
(Plethodon shenatuioah)
2.
ment plan
Listing/Date: Endangered/August
18,
3. 4.
1989
11.
Group: Amphibians
Species Status: Stable
Major Activity Over Next Reporting Period: Continued experimentation with gypsy moth spraying, and evaluation of salamander abundance at both
sprayed and untreated
sites.
5. 6.
7.
Recovery
Priority: 8
Title:
Recovery Plan
N/A
8.
N/A
12.
Recovery Achieved:
9.
Recovery Objective/Criteria:
N/A
1990
10.
175
1.
{Typhlomolgc rathbuni)
2.
Listing/Date: Endangered/March
11.
Edward's
1967
12.
3. 4. 5. 6.
7.
Group: Amphibians
Species Status:
Recovery Achieved:
Unknown
13. Information Current as of: July,
Recovery
Priority: 5
Title:
1990
Recovery Plan
NA
for
8. 9.
NA
Recovery Objective/Criteria:
NA
10.
No
178
Houston toad
Species:
176
is
stonensis)
Listing/Date:
critical
Endangered (w/
when
self-sustaining breeding
more
americatms charlcsmithi). Six were collected for planned electrophoretic work. The Houston Zoo has reduced its captive propagation effort.
will
Group: Amphibians
Species Status:
Unknown
remain there
for research
purposes.
Recovery Priority:
5C
Recovery Plan
Plan for
houstonensis)
County population
Recovery Achieved:
Downlisting
to
be con-
sidered
when
(1) self-sustaining
Bastrop and
Approximately 350 toads of the Bastrop County population were PIT tagged as part of an autecology study to determine population size, phenology, and other life history characteristics. Taxonomic studies are underway to evaluate
26, 1990
177
10.
Listing/Date: Threatened/August
4,
and
1987
Group: Amphibians
Species Status:
Master Plan.
Unknown
2C
Puerto Rican
Title:
Recovery Achieved:
Recovery Objective/Criteria:
Stabilize.
1990
demographically stable.
179
178
1.
Wyoming toad
toad (Bufo
haxlcri)
Species:
Wyoming
hcmiophns
2.
been identified. Twelve young and subadult toads were captured and transferred to Sybille, WY,
for captive propagation purposes.
ed
for establishment of
new po
Listing/Date: Endangered/January
17.
and whether these egg masses can be taken from the wild or from captive populatio
lations
1984
to
will
be
final
3.
Group: Amphibians
Species Status: Declining
4.
5. 6.
Recovery
Priority: 3
ed
to
document movements/dis
buy 1,800
actions to
An additional
25 young
7.
for
8.
refuge system.
hard winter
last
be analyzed for
9.
Recovery Objective/Criteria: Downlist when existing population becomes secure and 5 new secure populations of at least 100 adults have been established in the Laramie Basin.
which
is
currently
and potential
12.
habitats.
1
Recovery Achieved:
situation.
11.
1990
10.
Two
180
Appendix
IV.
182
Yaqui catfish
1.
179
1991 or
in
1
10.
to the
wild
in the fall of
1992.
12.
2.
Listing/Date: Threatened/August
31,1984
3. 4. 5. 6. 7.
Recovery Achieved:
Group: Fishes
Species Status: Declining
Arizona
Game
1990
personnel in collecting
Pending
broodstock from the Rio Sirupa, a tributary of the Rio Yaqui in Chihuahua, Mexico in April
1990. Approximately 230 fish were taken to Dexter NFH from Mexico. Fish are currently bemg
studied to determine
if
for
8.
they are
9.
San Bernardino
NWR
on the where it is
work
currently extirpated.
Alabama cavefish
1.
180
Species:
Alabama
cavefish
9.
Recovery Objective/Criteria:
Downlist. Find three viable populations in discontinuous aquatic
(Speoplatyrhinus poulsoni)
2.
Listing/Date:
Key Cave
Downlist
Group: Fishes
Species Status: Stable
when
all
4.
5.
5.
Title:
Second
Alabama Cavefish
Speoplatyrhinus poulsoni Cooper
No
11.
action taken.
andKuehne 1974
1.
for
I.
Recovery Achieved:
June
1990
183
181
1.
Ozark cavefish
creasing as evidenced by systematic observations over at least a
10- year period.
(Amhlxopus rosae)
2.
Listing/Date:
Threatened/November
3. 4. 5. 6.
l,
1988
10.
Group: Fishes
Species Status: Improving
11.
Recovery
Priority: 8
Title:
Recovery Plan
new
populations.
Recovery
Population survey of
known pop-
(Amblyopsis rosae).
7.
Recovery Achieved: 2
Rev/November
9.
1990
14, 1989.
Delist.
components of
182
1.
Bonytail
chub
curing and developing a broodstock, reintroducing wild or
gans)
2.
Listing/Date: Endangered/April
23,
The Service
is
refining recom-
1980
Group: Fishes
Species Status: Declining
mendations for flow needed to maintain species' habitat and h; begun investigations to acquire needed water rights.
11.
Recovery
Priority:
5C
10.
The Service has begun implementing a propagation and genetics management program. Breeding biology has been successfully worked out and a broodstock has been established. Restocking has
occurred in Mohave Lake in the
6.
7.
be continued.
8.
Lower
sites. The Service will begin taxonomic studies on vari ous fish of the genus Gila. Worl
duction
9.
is
extremely rare and very few individuals have been identified in the
wild.
goal
prevent extinction by
Endangered Fish Species in the Upper Colorado River Basin" entered its third year and a $2.8 million work plan covering 44 high priority recovery activities was developed by the Implementation Committee for FY 90. The
Bonytail
rights acquisition
and
in develo]
Recovery Achieved:
re-
September 1990
184
183
BLM
intends to
Species:
9.
Recovery Objective/Criteria:
Stabilize/secure habitat; Maintain
11.
boraxobius)
I.
Endangered/October
i.
5,
1982
10.
program
tem-
The
Group: Fishes
Species Status: Stable
\.
The Bureau
5.
(BLM)
Recovery
is
in informal Section 7
Chub
!.
geofhermal exploratory drilling by Anadarko Corporation; an Environmental Assessment is currently under review. BLM has installed a weather station to monitor ambient temperature and weather data at Borax Lake. A management burn was undertaken by BLM in 1990 to rehydrate adjacent marsh; however, the effort has been ineffectual.
12.
Recovery Achieved: 2
24,
1990
Chihuahua chub
Species:
184
10.
nigrescens)
Listing/Date: Threatened/October
11,
Major Activity Since Last Report: Stream survey work in Chihuahua, Mexico. Continued
efforts to secure spring-fed habitats in
1983
11.
Mimbres River
drainage.
Group: Fishes
Species Status: Stable
5
adequate habitat
to
prevent
Chihuahua
12.
U.S.
Recovery Achieved:
31,
1990
where species
in his-
185
185
1.
Humpback chub
(Gila
1 1.
Species:
Humpback chub
cypha)
2.
Listing/Date: Endangered/March
11,
1967
Work
will
3. 4.
5.
Group: Fishes
Species Status: Stable
Recovery
Priority:
2C Humpback
6.
Recovery Plan
ment and implementation of the FY 9 1 recovery work plan. Bureau of Reclamation will be
conducting an intensive study of this species' habitat requirements
in the tributaries of
Title:
Chub Recovery
7.
Plan
Lake Mead
to
changes
taken to
tion
8.
Rev/May
9.
15, 1984;
Recovery Objective/Criteria: Downlisting five self-sustaining populations are identified and re-
population of
12.
Recovery Achieved:
stored.
The
unknown. Delisting
September 1990
these five
to pre-
Endangered Fish
FY
90.
Recovery Plan revision underwent agency and public review and was
finalized.
The Service
for
is
refining
recommendations
to
flow needed
Native to the Colorado River Basin, the
fishes targeted
in
humpback chub
is
one
of the
endangered
a cooperative recovery program for fishes of the Colorado River Basin. The program involves maintaining stream flow, restocking, and monitoring.
186
Hutton Spring
1.
tui
chub
186
chub
9.
subspecies)
10.
2.
Listing/Date: Threatened/March
28, 1985
11.
None
Major Activity Over Next
Reporting Period: None
anticipated
12.
J.
Group: Fishes
Species Status:
\.
Unknown
5.
Recovery Achieved: 2
>.
Pending
August
23, 1990
'.
I.
Mohave
Species:
tui
chub
187
Recommended
West
to establish
Mohave
tui
chub (Gila
years;
many
bicolor mohavensis)
Listing/Date:
10.
13,
Endangered/October
Group: Fishes
.
1970
MC
this
Pond
third
at Fort
Soda
refugium
there.
Bureau of
of
Recovery Priority:
t
6C
Mohave Tui
China Lake
is
threatened by
Recovery Plan
Title:
upcoming
ply.
Ventura staff
working with
the
Navy and
the City of
Department of Fish and Game; Stabilization of refugium at California Department of Fish and Game's Camp Cady refugium;
Investigate potential for re-intro-
and
Game has
initiated prelimito
Recovery Objective/Criteria:
Downlist Criteria in Recovery
plan call for 6 refugia
populations, stable for at least 5
years. Delist Criteria in
nary attempts
small
introduce chub
A
12.
potential to
Recovery
Recovery Achieved:
Contaminant staff from Laguna Niguel Field Office (FWS) worked with the Bureau of Land
August
1990
Management
to correct at
problems.
Disease outbreak
Camp Cady
187
188
1.
Owens
lui
tui
10.
chub
Major Activity Since Last Report: Research on life history.
Discovery of
Species:
Owens
chub (Gila
bicolor snyderi)
2.
Lisiing/Date: Endangered/August
5,
1985
11.
tional populations.
3. 4. 5.
Group: Fishes
Species Status: Stable
Recovery
Priority:
6C
Recovery
12.
Recovery Achieved:
6.
Recovery Plan
Plan for the
Title:
Owens
Tui
Chub
August
7.
23, 1990
8.
TA/1990
9.
Recovery Objective/Criteria:
Reclassification to threatened.
cure habitats.
189
1.
When reestablished,
1%
self-suswill
taining
Listing/Date:
chub populations
Endangered/October
3.
4. 5.
6.
13,
1970
10.
occupy as much as
range.
of historic
Group: Fishes
Species Status:
Unknown
Recovery
Priority: 3
Title:
Recovery Plan
Roundtail
7.
in
8.
11.
through
9.
purchase/easement; remove exotics; restock with captive-propagated fish from Dexter National Fish Hatchery.
12.
being threatactivities;
ened by man-caused
Delisting
rehabilitate natural
Recovery Achieved:
25,
1990
188
1 1
Slender chub
1.
190
Species: Slender
chub (Hybopsis
10.
cahni)
2.
Listing/Date: Threatened/
Major Activity Since Last Report: Propagation research is being conducted at the Virginia
Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit.
September
3.
4.
9,
1977
11.
Group: Fishes
Species Status:
Unknown
1
5.
Recovery Priority:
6.
12.
Recovery Achieved:
7.
25, 1990
$.
29,
).
Recovery Objective/Criteria:
Delist. Establish three viable
pop-
and through
additional populations.
Sonora chub
Species: Sonora
ditaenia)
191
chub (Gila
Listing/Date: Threatened/April
30,
1986
conducted by the Centro Ecologico de Sonora in Hermosillo, Mexico. Efforts are underway to solve the problem of
trespass grazing in the only
Group: Fishes
Species Status: Stable
Title:
Sonora Chub
11.
Recovery Plan
12.
Recovery Achieved:
1990
<:.
9.
Major Activity Since Last Report: is conducting a study of habitat needs and biology of the Sonora chub in the
189
192
1.
Spotfin chub
chub (Cyprinella
10.
Species: Spotfin
(= Hypobsis) monacha)
2.
Listing/Date:
Threatened/September
3. 4.
5.
9,
1977
Group: Fishes
Species Status:
Unknown
1 1.
1
Research Unit.
Recovery
Priority:
6.
Recovery Plan
Title:
Spotfin
Chub Recovery
7.
Plan
12.
Recovery Achieved:
8.
June
F/November 2 1,1983
9.
25, 1990
193
1. 2.
Virgin River
chub
robusta semidnuda)
Listing/Date: Endangered/August
24, 1989
3. 4. 5. 6.
young were released back into the river. Eradication has been successful in a 6-mile reach and the area is
now
Group: Fishes
Species Status: Declining
Recovery
Priority:
3C
11.
7.
chub
8.
9.
will
be prepared
10.
Major Activity Since Last Report: A program is underway to eradicate the non-native red shiner from a 21 -mile reach of the Virgin
River. Several
Recovery Achieved:
1990
hundred salvaged
in ad-
190
Yaqui chub
1.
194
Species: Yaqui
purea)
2.
1984
drought in southeast Arizona populations of Yaqui chub in Black Draw and Leslie Creek were hard hit. Both streams
dried to a small
fish survived.
to severe
number
of deep
3.
Group: Fishes
Species Status: Stable
11.
4.
5.
Recovery Priority: 8
6.
7.
Recovery Plan
Title:
Pending
improvement of aquatic habitats chub on San Bernardino National Wildlife Refuge. Locate
for Yaqui
U
12.
all
9.
Recovery Achieved:
10.
Major Activity Since Last Report: Yaqui chubs have been introduced into four additional ponds on the San Bernardino National Wildlife Refuge. These ponds are supplied by artesian well outflows and
populations are increasing.
1990
Due
Cui-ui
1.
9.
Recovery Objective/Criteria:
Overall objective
is to
No
and
11.
2.
Listing/Date:
Endangered/March
restore
11,1967
3.
4.
by the Recovery
life his-
Team.
2) Continuation of
Group: Fishes
Species Status:
Unknown,
presumed stable
5.
Truckee River/Pyramid Lake system through rehabilitating essential habitat, protecting and
Recovery Priority:
Recovery Plan Recovery Plan
2C
Cui-ui
10.
12.
Recovery Achieved: 2
6.
Title:
25, 1990
7.
5-year research
Lab
of cui-ui
3.
history requirements. 2)
Introduction of Senate Bill 1554 by Senator Harry Reid to resolve Truckee River water issues. 3) Formation of a Cui-ui Recovery Team.
191
196
1.
below
and
which
2.
Listing/Date:
disturbances;
2,
Endangered/September
3.
4.
5.
1983
of
all
from detrimental human document presence listed fish species, and Ash
naucorid, in
all
ment presence of all listed plan species and 4 candidate plant species at all sites which they
have historically occupied.
10.
Group: Fishes
Species Status: Stable
Recover)' Priority: 9
Meadows
springs
program by
Seattle National
Amargosa
niterwort in
all
historic
6.
Recovery Plan
Title:
Ash
localities; establish
and protect
Meadows
7.
for
8.
endemic
fishes
<
and
9.
all critical
Major Activity Over Next Reporting Period: Implement t Meadows Species Recovery Pli
Recovery Achieved: 2
sustaining populations of
Warm
Eradicate
all
non-native plants
all
Springs pupfish and Ash Meadows Amargosa pupfish in addition to Ash Meadows speckled dace; document presence of
all
12.
September, 1990
Hole
at a
197
1.
Blackside dace
10.
Major Activity Since Last Report: activities have been conducted on the species since
No recovery
1987
3.
11. 6.
7.
FY
91 funding.
1
12.
Recovery Achieved:
8.
June
25,
1990
9.
additional populations.
192
198
No
this
Endangered/October
Group: Fishes
10,
1989
mented.
11.
9C
Pending
12.
Title:
Recovery Achieved:
August
23,
1990
Desert dace
Species: Desert dace
10.
199
(Eremichthys acros)
I
Listing/Date: Threatened/
December
J
10,
1985
Group: Fishes
Species Status: Stable
Recovery Priority:
7C
Pending
12.
Recovery Plan
Title:
exchange/sale.
'.
Recovery Achieved:
August
23, 1990
cure habitat
bance.
193
200
1.
(Rhinichthys osculus)
2.
Major Activity Since Last Report: Monitor two existing populations. Major Activity Over Next
Reporting Period: Continue monitoring of two populations and en-
Listing/Date: Threatened/March
11.
3. 4.
5. 6.
7.
Group: Fishes
Species Status:
hance habitat
at
second
Unknown
12.
population
site.
Recovery
Priority: 9
Title:
Recovery Achieved: 2
Recovery Plan
Pending
August
23.
for
8.
1990
9.
201
1.
Listing/Date:
Endangered/October
3. 4.
10,
1989
Group: Fishes
Species Status: Stable
1 1.
documented presence
locality.
in
only one
5. 6.
7.
Recovery
Priority:
6C
Pending
12.
None
Recovery Plan
Title:
Recovery Achieved:
August
8.
23,
1990
194
Kendall
1.
Warm
Springs dace
construction.
Species: Kendall
Warm
Springs
10.
Listing/Date:
Major Activity Since Last Report: Taxonomic validity has been verified. In FY 90, a fence was constructed around dace habitat on
Forest Service land to protect the
habitat
Conduct
a hydro-
from relocating Green River Lakes road. The Fish and Wildlife
Service will be coordinating with
the Forest Service to designate
Endangered/October
J.
13,
1970
Group: Fishes
Species Status: Stable
The
the
Forest Service
developing
i.
dace habitat as an Research Natural Area, and to improve the public education exhibit where
5.
Recovery Priority: 12
Recovery Plan Title: Kendall Warm Springs Dace Recovery
Plan
removing culverts and excess road fill to improve stream flow gradients and increase dace habitat.
prevent accidental
harm
12.
or disturbance.
Recovery Achieved: 3
'.
which includes options supported by the Fish and Wildlife Service to relocate the Green River Lakes
road currendy crossing dace habitat.
1990
subspecies.
Moapa dace
1
203
Species:
riacea)
co-
9.
Recovery Objective/Criteria: To
protect and rehabilitate adequate
habitat within the historical range
11.
Listing/Date:
11,
Endangered/March
1967
of the
Moapa dace
to delist the
Group: Fishes
Species Status: Stable
ened
will
be considered following
around springs and along outflows, and encourage growth of native deciduous trees. Attempt
to
remove exotic
fishes
of 1990.
Title:
Moapa Dace
10.
stream habitat.
12.
Recovery Achieved: 2
400
25,
feet of artificial
1990
channel
to
habitat, ef-
dace habitat on the refuge. Numbers of adult dace have increased approximately 25%. The springfish population has also increased.
195
204
1.
Amber
darter (Pcrciiia
darter
10.
Species:
Amber
antesella)
2.
Major Activity Since Last Report: A life history and threat analysis
project
is
presently being
Listing/Date: Endangered/August
5,
1985
3. 4.
Group: Fishes
Species Status: Stable
11.
conducted under a Section 6 project with the Tennessee Wildlife Resources Agency and Georgia
5.
6.
Recovery
Priority: 5
Recovery Plan Title: Conasauga Logperch and Amber Darter Recovery Plan
12.
Recovery Achieved:
June
25,
1990
8.
9.
and
205
1.
Bayou darter
data on fluvial geomorphic processes operating in the Bayou
Pierre system
Species:
Bayou darter
{Ethcostoma rubrum)
2.
Listing/Date:
Group: Fishes
Species Status: Stable
protection of E.
5. 6.
rubrum
habitat.
Recovery
Priority:
8C
10.
Title:
Revised
No
11.
action.
for the
Bayou
study of the
7.
8.
Section
12.
6.
Recovery Achieved:
9.
popu-
1990
lation
at least a
196
Boulder darter
1.
206
10.
(Etheostoma wapiti)
2.
search
Listing/Date:
is
being conducted
at the
Endangered/September
3.
4.
1,
1988
11.
search
facility.
Group: Fishes
Species Status: Stable
5.
6.
Boulder
12.
Section 6 project.
Recovery Achieved:
25,
8.
1990
9.
Recovery Objective/Criteria:
Delist. Establish three viable
pop-
and
Fountain darter
Species: Fountain darter
9.
207
Comal
(Etheostoma fonticola)
Listing/Date:
loss of vegetation in
Marcos River
Endangered/October
Group: Fishes
Species Status:
13,
is
1970
jective
Unknown
2C
San Marcos
10.
Recovery Priority:
Recovery Plan
is
be-
Title:
Recovery Plan
management and
protec12.
groups will come to an agreement for using water that will provide for spring flow maintenance.
groups have been meeting to try to develop a water use plan agreeable to
all.
Recovery Achieved:
1990
1985
hundred
from the Comal Springs dropped to a critical low level and it looked as if habitat there might
completely dry up. Section 6
study begun to investigate severe
197
208
1.
Leopard darter
10.
pantherina)
2.
Major Activity Since Last Report: Relocated darters that would have been harmed by pipeline
construction. Realty updated land
Listing/Date: Threatened/January
27,
1978
3. 4. 5.
Group: Fishes
Species Status: Stable
11.
land
acquisition/protection
Recovery
Priority: 17
revi-
6.
7.
12.
Recovery Achieved: 2
8.
1990
9.
209
1.
Maryland darter
10.
{Etheostoma sellare)
2.
Listing/Date: Endangered/March
The Maryland
11,1967
3.
habitat
Group: Fishes
Species Status: Declining
4.
5.
Recovery
Priority: 5
known
mine
if
the species
is
extant.
1
Recovery Achieved:
7.
1990
8.
Recovery Plan Stage/Date: Rev/September 25, 1985; F/February2, 1982 Recovery Objective/Criteria: Stabilize/Protect and enhance the present population and habitat of the Maryland darter. Consider
downlisting
if
9.
6 additional
self-
dispersed locations.
198
Niangua darter
1.
210
Species:
Niangua darter
{Etheostoma nianguae)
2.
and shown
10.
to
be viable.
1985
3.
Major Activity Since Last Report: Recovery plan was completed and
approved.
Group: Fishes
Species Status:
4.
Unknown
11.
5.
5.
A Recovery
Section 7 consultation.
12. Recovery Achieved:
1
25, 1990
I.
>.
The species
will
be con-
sidered to be recovered
the eight
when
1)
and
2)
popu-
Okaloosa darter
.
211
Species:
Okaloosa darter
9.
Recovery Objective/Criteria:
Downlist/Goal
tat
is to
(Etheostoma okaloosae)
X Listing/Date: Endangered/June 4, 1973
;
protect habi-
Group: Fishes
Species Status: Declining
10.
Recovery Priority:
Recovery Plan
history
Title:
Okaloosa
characteristics
and extent of
brown
11.
darter invasion.
12.
Recovery Achieved:
1990
199
212
1.
Slackwater darter
9.
(Etheostoma boschungi)
2.
Listing/Date:
tat
Threatened/September
3. 4. 5.
9,
1977
tributaries to the
Group: Fishes
Species Status:
System
in
known spawning
Unknown
and water
is
Recovery
Priority: 8
suitable
Recovery Plan Title: Recovery Plan for the Slackwater Darter, Etheostoma boschungi
7.
No
11.
action.
8.
Recovery Achieved:
June
1990
213
1.
Snail darter
10.
2.
Listing/Date: Threatened/July 5,
1
Major Activity Since Last Report: activities have been conducted on the species since
No recovery
984; Endangered/October 9,
11.
1975
3. 4.
Group: Fishes
Species Status:
None planned.
1
Unknown
12.
1
Recovery Achieved:
5. 6.
Recovery
Priority:
Title: Snail
Darter
25,
1990
7.
8.
5, 9.
Recovery Objective/Criteria:
Delist. Establish five viable
popu-
200
Watercress darter
1.
214
9.
Recovery Objective/Criteria:
Downlist. Longterm protection of
the 3
{Etheostoma nuchale)
2.
known
Listing/Date:
populations; 5 years
known
Group: Fishes
Species Status: Declining
4.
additional population
to the historical
5.
6.
Recovery Priority: 2
within or adjacent
Title:
Watercress
10.
range.
7.
8.
1980
12.
Recovery Achieved:
1990
Big
.
Bend gambusia
215
10.
Major Activity Since Last Report: Maintained and monitored hatchery and refuge populations.
Listing/Date:
Endangered/March
11.
11,1967
.
Group: Fishes
Species Status: Stable
12.
Recovery Achieved: 2
<
Big Bend
August
1990
Secure
survival in a
natural setting.
201
216
1.
(Gambusia helcrochir)
2.
Listing/Date: Endangered/March
11,
1967
11.
3.
Group: Fishes
Species Status: Stable
4. 5.
6.
Recovery
Priority:
2
12.
Recovery Achieved: 2
7.
31,
1990
8.
9.
Recovery Objective/Criteria: Downlist/Ultimate goal is to secure Clear Creek gambusia survival in its natural environment. Because of its extremely limited distribution and continuing threat
from mosquitofish,
not be possible.
delisting
may
217
1.
Pecos gambusia
9.
Recovery Objective/Criteria:
Stabilize
(Gambusia
2.
nobilis)
Secure populations
in
Listing/Date:
Endangered/October
3. 4. 5.
1970
10.
Group: Fishes
Species Status: Stable
11.
Recovery
Priority: 2
Title:
6.
Recovery Plan
Plan For Pecos
Recovery
12.
Gambusia
Recovery Achieved: 2
(Gambusia
7.
nobilis)
13. Information Current as of:
August
1990
8.
F/November
202
218
10.
2.
Listing/Date: Endangered/July
14,
Two major searches have been conducted (one in May 1990, and
one
in July
1980
1990)
to find this
species and begin a captive breeding program. No San Marcos gambusia were found, although one fish collected in the May
3. 4. 5.
6.
Group: Fishes
Species Status: Extinct (Possibly)
2C
San Marcos
11.
it
may have
Title:
7.
Major Activity Over Next Reporting Period: Another major search is scheduled for September
1990.
8.
12.
9.
Recovery Achieved:
Recovery Objective/Criteria: Downlist/when flow in San Marcos River is assured. This objective and criteria will likely be
modified in the revised Recovery
Plan.
1990
Pahrump
1.
killifish
219
Species:
Pahrump
killifish
least the
same
3 pop-
(Empetrichthys latos)
2.
Listing/Date:
11,
Endangered/March
10.
another 3 years.
1967
3.
Group: Fishes
Species Status: Improving
and
4.
population estimate
for
5.
each population
S.
Recovery
Killifish
Pahrump
1.
tation (cattails)
Emergent vegewas
The Pahrump
killifish is
improving
in
part
in
the
due to sucPahrump
\.
bicide
"Rodeo"
at
F/March
>.
17,
1980
the lower
Com Creek
12.
Recovery Achieved: 4
Current as
of:
on poolfish numbers.
13. Information
July
11.
least
in
500 adult
killifish (poolfish)
at least 3
Major Activity Over Next Reporting Period: Continued annual census and population estimate.
25,
1990
Delisting
maintenance
of at
203
220
1.
Conasauga logperch
10.
Major Activity Since Last Report: A life history and threat analysis
project
is
presently being
2.
Listing/Date: Endangered/August
5,
1985
3. 4. 5. 6.
Group: Fishes
Species Status: Stable
11.
conducted under a Section 6 project with the Tennessee Wildlife Resources Agency and Georgia Department of Natural Resources.
Recovery
Priority: 5
Recovery Plan Title: Conasauga Logperch and Amber Darter Recovery Plan
1 2.
Recovery Achieved:
June
25, 1990
8.
9.
Roanoke logperch
1.
Species:
Roanoke logperch
10.
(Percina rex)
2.
A habitat
Listing/Date: Endangered/August
18,
under way.
1989
11.
3. 4.
5.
Group: Fishes
Species Status: Stable
A recovery
suitability
Development of habitat
Recovery
Priority:
5C
Pending
Recovery Plan
Title:
determined.
1 2.
Recovery Achieved:
1990
204
Neosho madtom
1.
Species:
Neosho madtom
10.
(Noturus placidus)
2.
Listing/Date:
Threatened/May 22,
11.
1990
3. 4. 5. 6.
Group: Fishes
Species Status: Declining
Pending
12.
Major Activity Over Next Reporting Period: Conduct consultations on proposed watershed developments. Identify and analyze threats from non-native species and adverse effects of proposed watershed developments.
Recovery Achieved:
1
7.
September 1990
9.
Recovery Objective/Criteria: To
be developed
Scioto
1.
madtom
Species: Scioto
madtom
(Noturus
10.
trautmani)
2.
Major Activity Since Last Report: None. The species is possibly extinct.
Listing/Date:
of
its
Group: Fishes
Species Status:
1.
Unknown
living
The
5.
Recovery Priority: 2
Recovery Plan
Title:
1957.
S.
NA
11.
1.
None
J.
NA
>.
Recovery Achieved:
24,
1990
205
Smoky madtom
1.
Species:
h(jilcxi)
Smoky madlom
(Noturus
10.
2.
Listing/Date:
Group: Fishes
Species Status: Stable
5.
6.
Recovery
Priority: 5
7.
12.
Recovery Achieved:
June
8.
25,
1990
9.
pop-
additional populations.
Yellowfin
Species: Yellowfin
madtom
10.
madtom
(Noturus flavipinnis)
Listing/Date:
Threatened/September
1977
being conducted
at the Virginia
Group: Fishes
Species Status:
Unknown
Recovery
Priority: 11
Agency.
11.
12.
Recovery Achieved:
8.
June
9.
25,
1990
popu-
additional populations.
206
Loach minnow
1.
Species:
cobitis)
10.
A barrier to
Section 7 consultation
tion of a reservoir
is
in
2.
Listing/Date: Threatened/October
28,
1986
on Pigeon
3.
4.
5.
Group: Fishes
Species Status: Stable
Recovery Priority:
4C
6.
new Enhancement
Initiative.
now on
7.
Recovery Achieved:
8.
minnow
reintroduction
is
being
1990
9.
be
conducted on the San Pedro River in Cochise County, Arizona. Due to lack of funding from the Bureau of Land Management and the Fish and Wildlife Service, this
work
is
Species:
to his-
mionectes)
2.
disturbances; Listing/Date:
histori-
cally occupied.
10.
Endangered/September
3.
2,
1983
of
all listed
and Ash
springs
Meadows
naucorid, in
all
Group: Fishes
Species Status: Stable
4.
Amargosa
utiliz-
niterwort in
all
historic
5.
localities; establish
and protect
Nevada Dept. of
termine
tebrates,
life
Wildlife, to de-
S.
Ash
followfor 5
history patterns of
endemic
for
i.
fishes and aquatic inverand determine impacts of exotic species on endemic fishes and aquatic invertebrates.
(2) Efforts (unsuccessful) to re-
move largemouth
pool
11.
at
Point-of-Rocks Spring.
>.
all
of following 7
conditions should be
met within
sustaining populations of
Warm
12.
plants
Major Activity Over Next Reporting Period: Implement Ash Meadows Species Recovery Plan.
Recovery Achieved: 2
Current as
of:
so
all
document presence of
which they
all
13. Information
toric
September, 1990
tain
minimum
.4 feet
below
historically occupied;
document
207
Comanche Springs
1.
pupfish
11.
Species:
fish
Comanche
Springs pupI
7.
{Cyprinodon elegant
2.
Listing/Dale: Endangered/March
11.
8.
brood stock
for establishment
1967
9.
3.
4. 5. 6.
Group: Pishes
Species Status: Declining
Downlist
Ensure perpetuation
and genetic
di-
Recovery Achieved:
in natural habitats
Au
Recovery
Priority: 2
Title:
1990
Recovery Plan
Comanche
10.
monitoring
congener.
jj
Desert pupfish
troduced into Cold
1.
(Cyprinodon macularius)
2.
Spring Seep on
Listing/Date: Endangered/March
31. 1986.
Bureau of Land
in
3. 4.
Group: Fishes
Species Status: Stable
5.
6. 7.
Recovery
Priority: 2
Title:
tirpated in at least
Recovery Plan
Pending
one
site in
to
Arizona
due
for
8.
flooding
(People Spring,
Yavapai County,
Arizona). Plans for
construction of an
is
(1
It
9.
upstream movement
barrier against non-
water.
threatened due to
to
compete
is
native habitat.
10.
native invading
fishes
is
under\
The
first
being
for winter
was completed
planned
1990-91
at the
under contract and is currently being reviewed by the recovery team. Stock of the Quitobaquito
subspecies of desert pupfish is now being held at Arizona Game
The streambed
pi;
and Fish Department's Bubbling Ponds Fish Hatchery for refugium purposes. Stock of the nominate subspecies is being successfully maintained at Dexter NFH for refugium and rcintroduction purposes. Desert pupfish were rein-
between the springhead and pond at Quitobaquito Spring on Organ Pipe National Monument was rebuilt to facilitate vegetation
trol.
protection and
enhancemen
con12.
captive propagation
Recovery Achieved:
1990
208
Devil's
1.
Hole pupfish
10.
230
utiliz-
Species: Devil's
Hole pupfish
Recovery Objecuve/Criteria:
Downlisting
(Cyprinodon diabolis)
2.
all
of following 7
Listing/Date:
Endangered/March
11,1967
3.
Eradicate
all
Group: Fishes
Species Status: Stable
from
the
Nevada Dept. of
termine
tebrates,
life
Wildlife, to de-
4.
history patterns of
5.
6.
Recovery Priority: 8 Recovery Plan Title: Ash Meadows Species Recovery Plan
Hole
at a
endemic
below
to his-
minimum
and aquatic inverand determine impacts of exotic species on endemic fishes and aquatic invertebrates.
fishes
7.
disturbances;
of
all
from detrimental human document presence listed fish species, and Ash
naucorid, in
all
11.
8.
Meadows
Major Activity Over Next Reporting Period: Implement Ash Meadows Species Recovery Plan;
continue population monitoring.
springs
12.
Recovery Achieved: 2
Amargosa
niterwort in
all historic
localities; establish
and protect
September, 1990
231
Species:
9.
(Cyprinodon bovinus)
I.
Listing/Date: Endangered/August
15,
10.
1980
11.
Major Activity Since Last Report: Annual monitoring. Major Activity Over Next
Reporting Period: Annual monitoring.
J.
Group: Fishes
Species Status: Stable
I.
5.
Recovery Priority: 2
12.
Recovery Achieved: 2
August
i.
Recovery Plan
Title:
Leon
1990
1985
209
: .
Owens
1.
pupfish
refugia and continued viability of
Species:
i
Owens
pupfish
yprinodon radiosus)
10.
2.
Listing/Date: Endangered/March
11.
1967
3.
Group: Fishes
Species Status: Stable
1 1.
made
to
4.
5.
6.
Recovery
Priority: 5
monitoring of introduction
sought.
12.
sites.
be
7.
for
8.
Recovery Achieved:
August
23, 1990
9.
Warm
1.
Springs pupfish
marker; reestablish water
habitat
to his-
Species:
Warm
Springs pupfish
(Cyprinodon nevadensis
pectoralis)
2.
disturbances;
Listing/Date:
Endangered/October
3. 4. 5.
13,
1970
of
all
from detrimental human document presence listed fish species, and Ash
10.
histori-
cally occupied.
Meadows
naucorid, in
all
springs
Group: Fishes
Species Status: Stable
Amargosa
niterwort in
all
historic
Recovery
Priority: 9
Title:
localities; establish
and protect
6.
Recovery Plan
Ash
Meadows
7.
followfor 5
met
6 funding from the Nevada Department of Wildlife, to deter mine life history patterns of endemic fishes and aquatic invertebrates, and determine impacts of exotic species on endemic fishes and aquatic invertebrates.
11.
8.
and
Major Activity Over Next Reporting Period: Implement A: Meadows Species Recovery Plai
Recovery Achieved: 2
sustaining populations of
Ash
12.
Eradicate
all
non-native plants
all
September 1990
Warm
Springs
mum
210
level of
.4 feet
below
historically occupied;
Pygmy
1.
sculpin
Species:
Pygmy
sculpin (Cottus
10.
pygmaeus)
2.
No
11.
action.
Listing/Date:
vey
Group: Fishes
Species Status:
4.
Unknown
1
12.
Recovery Achieved:
5.
June
1990
Pending
6.
Title:
7.
I.
).
Beautiful shiner
Species: Beautiful shiner
10.
(Cyprinella formosa)
Listing/Date: Threatened/August
31,
from
the
Mexican government
for
1984
Group: Fishes
Species Status: Declining
900 shiners were collected in Mexico in October 1989 and brought back to Dexter National Fish Hatchery. 300 shiners were stocked in Twin pond at San
Bernardino National Wildlife Refuge in May 1990.
11.
Pending
mine
if
stocking
successful, introduce
United States.
1990
21
Species:
Cape Fear
shiner
10.
(Notropis mekistocholas
2.
Major Activity Since Last Report: No recovery activities have been conducted on the species since
completion of a status survey
1986.
in
Listing/Date:
Group: Fishes
Species Status:
11.
Unknown
Recovery
Priority: 5
6.
no funding has been They will likely submit another request this year; and if
years, but
available.
7.
life
history
will likely
be
8.
Recovery Achieved:
9.
June
25.
1990
additional populations.
Recovery Objective/Criteria:
Stabilize
Secure
in
remaining
Group: Fishes
Species Status:
5.
6.
Unknown
Recovery
Priority: 3
1 1.
7.
8.
TA
12.
Recovery Achieved:
August
1990
212
Waccamaw
1.
silverside
Species:
Waccamaw
silverside
10.
(Menidia externa)
2.
Worked with
local municipality
Listing/Date: Threatened/April 8,
1987
3. 4.
and lakefront landowners on a weed control plan that would not be detrimental to the ichthyofauna
of the lake; commented on several development proposals to minimize impacts to the fish's habitat.
11.
Group: Fishes
Species Status:
Unknown
5.
6.
Pending
7.
12.
Recovery Achieved:
8.
1990
9.
Recovery Objective/Criteria: To
be developed.
Spikedace
1.
Species: Spikedace
(Meda
fulgida)
2.
Listing/Date: Threatened/July
1986
3.
be likely
to
jeopardize the
adversely
their
new Enhancement
Initiative.
Group: Fishes
Species Status: Stable
for loach
4.
modify
tat.
its
proposed
critical habi-
5.
4C
Spikedace
6.
Title:
minnow reintroduction are being conducted on the San Pedro River in Cochise County, Arizona. Due to lack of funding from the
Bureau of Land Management and
the Fish and Wildlife Service, this
7.
proposed
Ft.
work
is
which
is
being
bill
volunteer efforts.
11.
8.
9.
be
would involve pumping of groundwater from the uppermost Verde River basin and downstream transport of some of that
water via the river channel.
developed as result of
A
12.
evaluation
Recovery Achieved:
Aravaipa Creek
in
Graham
13. Information
Current as
of:
July
1990
Bureau of Reclamation's
213
240
1.
second populaValley
Meadow
Listing/Date: Threatened/March
28, 1985
10.
Wash
drainage.
3. 4. 5. 6.
Group: Fishes
Species Status:
Major Activity Since Last Report: Initiation of life history study and
transplant site identification site
Unknown
11.
Recovery
Priority: 12
history
and transplant
site
7.
studies.
Recovery Achieved:
8.
August
23,
1990
241
1.
Little
Colorado spinedace
10.
spinedace {Lepidomeda
2.
vittata)
Listing/Date:
Major Activity Since Last Report: Recovery team formed. Broad objectives addressed. Recovery plan
preparation initiated.
Threatened/September
3.
16,
1987
11.
Group: Fishes
Species Status:
4.
5.
Unknown
Recovery
Priority: 2
Title:
Major Activity Over Next Reporting Period: Complete Recovery plan. Articulate recovery objectives and tasks. Initiate
field activities for recovering the
6.
7.
Recovery Plan
Pending
12.
species.
Recovery Achieved:
8.
31,
1990
9.
Recovery Objective/Criteria:
Delist/criteria for delisting not yet
established.
214
9.
Recovery Objective/Criteria:
Establishment of four native populations and one refugium population.
2.
Listing/Date: Endangered/
September
3.
4.
12,
1985
should consist of
tion at least
Group: Fishes
Species Status:
Unknown
2C
10.
min-
imum
None
11.
of 5 years.
Title:
Recovery
be
finalized.
1
Recovery Achieved:
U/Draft/March 1988
August
23, 1990
Species:
10.
grandis)
'.
Listing/Date: Endangered/
Group: Fishes
Species Status: Stable
Major Activity Since Last Report: Annual census conducted at Hiko and Crystal Springs. Census in May, 1987 of Blue Link Spring refugium population found more than 5,000 individuals, but population thought to be very low presently due to cold water temperatures.
Recovery Priority:
3C
Pending
11.
Recovery Plan
Title:
'
Section 6
i.
Recovery Achieved:
August
23, 1990
215
244
1.
nevadae)
2.
Listing/Dale: Threatened/March
31.
1986
3.
Group: Fishes
Species Status: Stable
4 Lockes Ranch Duckwater area (type locality), and all introduced populations were checked and estimates made of abundance.
in
1989
at
4. 5.
6.
Recovery
Priority:
2C
Recovery
11.
Recovery Plan
Title:
and introduced sites (Nevada Department of Wildlife, using Section 6 money). Continue work on Recovery Plan.
calities
12.
8.
Recovery Achieved:
August
9.
Recovery Objective/Criteria: Secure native habitats, establish at least one refugium population for each of the two native populations.
23,
1990
10.
Major Activity Since Last Report: Completion of research project by Service's Seattle Research Lab on
Pahranagat River Fishes. Includes
information on springfish
seasonal distribution, abundance,
3. 4. 5. 6.
7.
Group: Fishes
Species Status: Stable
Recovery
Priority:
3C
Pending
Recovery Plan
Title:
Major Activity Over Next Reporting Period: Nevada Department of Wildlife, using Section 6 money, will continue
monitor population
exotic species, and evaluate po-
to
level, control
8.
9.
Recovery Achieved:
August
23,
1990
216
Colorado squawfish
Species: Colorado squawfish
the
246
is
{Ptychocheilus lucius)
Listing/Date:
11,
sidered). Delist
being con-
in addition,
Endangered/March
needed water Restocking from hatcherybred fish has been successful and
tions to acquire
rights.
1967
and protect
Group: Fishes
Species Status: Stable
move
fragmentation.
Recovery
Priority:
2C
10.
genetics di-
for
Major Activity Since Last Report: The "Recovery Implementation Program for Endangered Fish Species in the Upper Colorado
River Basin" entered its third year and a $2.8 million work plan cov-
FY
91.
Work
water rights acquisition and in development and implementation of FY 91 recovery work plan.
12.
newly
44 high priority recovery activities was developed by the Upper Basin Recovery Program Implementation Committee for FY 90. The Colorado Squawfish Recovery Plan underwent agency and public review. The Service is refining recommendations for flow needed to maintain species' habitat and has begun investigaering
Recovery Achieved:
1990
identified in
247
Unarmored
threespine
10.
Listing/Date: Endangered/
Soledad Canyon.
11.
Group: Fishes
Species Status: Stable
J
.
Recovery
Recovery Achieved:
Unarmored
August
Threespine Stickleback
.
1990
for
.
217
248
1.
(
Pallid
sturgeon
1 1.
uphirhxnchus
dibits
2.
Listing/Date:
Endangcrcd/Scpicmbcr
Group: Fishes
6,
990
rights acquisition.
Develop
artificial
Recovery
Priority:
2C
Pending
tion techniques,
lization.
Recovery Plan
Title:
distinguishing characteristics of
this species
Recovery Achieved:
September 1990
10.
Major Activity Since Last Report: listing protection under the Endangered Species Act.
Received
249
1.
June sucker
lations. Additional year classes
Horns)
2.
to the
brood
Listing/Date: Endangered/March
31, 1986
No
eggs
were found
1 1.
in 1990.
3.
Group: Fishes
Species Status: Declining
4. 5. 6.
7.
Recovery
Priority:
5C
Pending
be undertaken be conducted
to establish refugia
Recovery Plan
Title:
to identify
potential
8. 9.
where
recruitment
is
low due
to
high
10.
propagation
is
continu-
Utah Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit with the propagation of spawn taken from wild adult fish to supplement existing brood and refugium popuing at
Recovery Achieved:
1990
218
10.
Listing/Date: Endangered/July
18,
1988
Lake water
quality,
and
initiation
Group: Fishes
Species Status: Declining
11.
Recovery
Priority:
Recovery Plan
'
.
Title:
Pending
12.
Recovery Achieved:
August
Recovery Objective/Criteria:
Establish pure, self-sustaining
23, 1990
Modoc sucker
Species:
I
Modoc
sucker
10.
(Catostomus microps)
Listing/Date: Endangered/June
11,
1985
Group: Fishes
Species Status: Declining
Recovery Priority: 5
.
Recovery Plan
Title:
NA
Major Activity Over Next Reporting Period: Complete revision of 1984 Interagency Action
Plan for Recovery of the
tinue actions outlined in
Modoc
No.
10.
NA
12.
Recovery Achieved:
August
23, 1990
219
Short-nose sucker
Species: Short-nose sucker
10.
(Chasmistes brevirostris)
Listing/Date: Endangered/July
18.
Lake water
quality,
and
initiation
1988
Group: Fishes
Species Status: Declining
11.
Recovery
6.
7.
Priority: 2
Title:
Recovery Plan
Pending
#10.
12.
Recovery Achieved:
8.
August
23,
9.
1990
Recovery Objective/Criteria:
Establish pure, self-sustaining
Warner sucker
1.
toric range,
(Catostomus warnerensis)
2.
Listing/Date:
without
Group: Fishes
Species Status:
niles.
4. 5.
6.
Unknown
10.
Recovery
Priority: 2
11.
7.
stream habitats.
at
Install fish
ladder
8.
TA
Examine
9.
Recovery Objective/Criteria:
Eliminate threats to remaining populations of Warner suckers,
12.
Recovery Achieved:
August
23,
1990
220
Gila
1.
topminnow
just
Species: Gila
topminnow
(incl.
10.
Listing/Date:
Endangered/March
11,1967
3.
4.
Group: Fishes
Species Status: Declining
5. 6.
Recovery Priority: 2
Major Activity Since Last Report: In FY90, at least two Gila topminnow reintroduced populations failed due to various factors (Peoples Canyon and Castle Creek, both in Yavapai Co., AZ. Gila topminnow stock from Bos and Medicine Springs at Bylas Springs complex (Gila County,
is now being held at Arizona State Univ. pending chemical removal of mosquitofish
been
initiated
by the Forest
at
is
being
Arizona)
Recovery Plan
7.
from
FY
91, depending
upon
8.
R/F/March
9.
15,
1984
was
12.
propagation
Recovery Objective/Criteria:
Under revision
conducted by Arizona Game and Fish Department using Section 6 funds. Intensive monitoring of the Cienega Creek population in Pima County, Arizona, is being conducted by volunteer biologists. Formal Section 7 consultation has
Recovery Achieved: 2
1990
Apache
1.
trout
Species:
trout
10.
2.
Listing/Date: Threatened/March
11,
work completed
Major Activity Over Next
Reporting Period: Renovate
least three
at
3.
Group: Fishes
Species Status: Declining
4.
5.
6.
Recovery Priority: 8
Recovery Plan
Title:
Arizona
with pure Apache trout stocks. Complete electrophoretic work on all existing wild Apache trout
populations.
12.
Recovery Achieved: 2
8.
31,
1990
9.
when 30
221
Gila trout
1.
remaining
genome.
Listing/Date: Endangered/March
11.
1967
10.
3. 4.
Group: Fishes
Species Status: Declining,
primarily due to drought and
associated forest fires
Major Activity Since Last Report: Surveyed several streams, West Fork of the Gila, Cub, White, South Diamond, Main Diamond and transferred fish from Iron to Sacaton Creek. Revised Recovery
Plan.
5.
6.
Recovery
Priority: 2
11.
Title:
Gila Trout
7.
for
8.
Diamond
Recovery Plan Stage/Date: F/January 3, 1984 Recovery Objective/Criteria: Downlisting is the short-term
goal, delisting goal.
is
Recovery Achieved: 2
9.
31,
1990
the long-term
is to
Of immediate concern
all
secure survival of
tions.
wild popula-
Greenback cutthroat
1.
trout
11.
9.
(Oncorhynchus clarki
sto-
Delist
mias)
2.
Listing/Date: Threatened/April
18,
1978
10.
range.
3. 4.
Group: Fishes
Species Status: Improving
how
close
5. 6.
Recovery
Priority: 15
Title:
1989.
Some
popula-
Recovery Achieved: 3
Recovery Plan
catch-and-
A new captive
1990
7.
8.
brood stock is being established at the Colorado Division of Wildlife's Experimental Hatchery. Trout Unlimited and Texaco, Inc.
have provided funds
recovery
efforts. to assist in
accomplishment of habitat
restoration projects outside
Rocky
222
9.
Recovery Objective/Criteria:
No
11.
Reporting Period:
Listing/Date: Endangered/
Reno
October
13, 1970.
Threatened/
ment
of a
management plan
for
funding/personnel
and
each sub-basin, and delisting by sub-basin once identified objectives are reached.
Group: Fishes
Species Status: Declining
10.
4.
5.
Development by Nevada Department of Wildlife of draft management plan for Quinn River
sub-basin. 3) Continuation of
Recovery
Priority: 9
Title:
6.
7.
and fish inventories by Nevada Department of Wildlife. Bureau of Land Management (BLM). and Forest Service (FS). Development
of
Management Plans by
FS.
12.
BLM
and
Plans/Allotment Management
Plans by
Recovery Achieved:
8.
BLM
and FS.
25.
1990
Little
Species: Little
Kern golden
trout
(Otworhynchus aguabonita
whitei)
Listing/Date: Threatened/April
13,
Kern Golden
1978
10.
Group: Fishes
Species Status: Stable
Recovery
Priority:
9C
Major Activity Since Last Report: Chemical treatment of Silver Lake, Lower Shotgun Creek, Pistol Creek, and Trout Meadows
Creek.
Recovery Plan
Title:
N/A
11.
(Revised Fisheries
lieu of)
Management
12.
Recovery Achieved: 2
N/A
August
23, 1990
and establish
stable,
223
260
1.
Major Activity Since Last Report: U.S. Forest Service has conducted habitat restoration projects, with
cooperation of Trout Unlimited,
in the
1975
3.
mainstem of
Silver
King
Group: Fishes
Species Status: Declining
4.
5.
rotenone
fish.
Recovery
Priority: 9
Title: Paiute
effective.
6.
Recovery Plan
11.
8.
Department of Fish and Game will retreat the mainstem of Silver King Creek with rotenone.
Recovery Achieved:
1
9.
Recovery Objective/Criteria:
Delist
when
a population size of
is
at least
500 individuals
main-
20,
1990
tained.
261
1.
Woundfin
9.
Species:
Woundfin (Plagopterus
argentissimus)
2.
Listing/Date:
and
make
tion.
Endangered/October
3.
13,
1970
Group: Fishes
Species Status: Declining
4. 5. 6.
establish a third
Recovery
Priority:
1C
Woundfin
self-sustaining population in a
Title:
woundfin
populations must
habitat. Efforts to
develop
7.
Recovery Achieved:
8.
R/Rev/March
1979
1,
1985; F/July
1990
non-native
mile reach was successful and the area in now available for reintroduction of the woundfin. Further treatments are planned to com-
224
Appendix
IV.
Invertebrates
226
9.
Recovery Objective/Criteria: To
be developed.
10.
1989
11.
No
action taken.
Group: Snails
Species Status: Stable
Recovery Priority: 8
12.
Recovery Achieved:
Recovery Plan
Title:
Pending
June
1990
amber
10.
(Succinea chittenangoensis)
1978
No
Group: Snails
Species Status: Declining
Recovery
Priority: 5
11.
taken.
Recovery Achieved:
1990
227
264
1.
and monitortrend.
ing shows no
10.
downward
1978
3. 4. 5. 6.
Six
new
sites
Group: Snails
Species Status: Stable
were located in the Coopers Rock area on both sides of the Cheat River Gorge.
11.
Recovery
Priority: 5
Recovery Plan Title: Flat-Spired Three -Toothed Snail (Triodopsis platysayoides) Recovery Plan
7.
8.
1990
9.
Delist
at a
minimum
sites,
of 3 additional discrete
of sites are protected,
60%
is
there
9.
Recovery Objective/Criteria:
Delisting. Criteria as follows:
units.
(Discus macclintocki)
2.
Listing/Date: Endangered/July 3,
1978
3.
or increasing populations at 16
Group: Snails
Species Status:
from grazing.
11.
4.
5. 6.
Unknown
tection
and
status
documented
is
for
24
Recovery
Priority: 5
Title:
colonies.
(A viable colony
as-
National
sumed
for the
Iowa
10.
expected. Approximately
Pleistocene Snail
7.
individuals.)
on other
snail
8.
$300,000 remains in the acquisiAcquired sites will be protected from habitat degradation, and population monitoring methods will be developed and implemented.
tion account.
12.
mately $170,000) have been purchased as part of the Service's Algific Talus Slope Land
Acquisition Program for habitat
protection for the northern
Recovery Achieved: 2
23, 1990
pre-
228
Noonday
Species:
snail
Noonday
snail
(Mesodon
rlarki naniahaia)
Listing/Date: Threatened/July 3.
1978
10.
Group: Snails
Species Status:
None
Unknown
11.
Recovery
Priority: 9
Title:
Recovery Plan
Plan For
Recover)'
Snail
12. Recover)' Achieved:
1
The Noonday
(Mesodon
clarki naniahaia)
13. Information Current as of:
June
26,
1990
by protecting
discovering sufficient
Oahu
Species:
tree snail
Oahu
tree snail
(Achatinella 19 species)
Listing/Date: Endangered/August
6,
1981
Group: Snails
Species Status: Declining
Recovery
Priority: 5
Title:
Recovery Plan
Oahu Tree
U
The
loss of native trees
in
Recovery Objective/Criteria: To
be developed.
on the island
of
Oahu, Hawaii
is
the decline
shelter
these endemic tree snails With the loss of native trees, the snails'
threat.
None
12.
Recovery Achieved:
Major Activity Over Next Reporting Period: Continue work on development of recovery plan.
August
1990
229
!
1.
2.
Listing/Date: Threatened/July 3,
1978
10.
3.
4. 5.
6.
Group: Snails
Species Status:
None
Unknown
11.
Recovery
Priority:
None
Recovery Plan Title: Painted Snake Coiled Forest Snail Recovery Plan
12.
Recovery Achieved:
June
7.
26, 1990
8.
9.
by protecting
9.
Recovery Objective/Criteria:
Delist/S pedes can be delisted
Listing/Date: Threatened/July 3,
when
out a
1978
3.
met: Species
present throughof
minimum
Group: Snails
Species Status: Declining
habitat. Population
sistent
4. 5. 6.
Recovery
Priority: 3
Management agreements
with involved agencies.
Minimum
7.
None
11.
to report.
8.
None
12.
Recovery Achieved:
1990
230
Virginia fringed
1.
mountain snail
270
moun-
9.
Recovery Objective/Criteria:
Delist/ All habitats protected,
virginianus)
2.
Listing/Date: Endangered/July 3,
1978
3.
in habitat
Group: Snails
Species Status: Stable
now
appears to be a
more
10.
realistic objective.
4.
5.
Recovery Priority: 4
6.
Recovery Plan
Title: Virginia
11.
Recovery
Plan
7.
for
8.
of live snails.
Recovery Achieved:
1990
Fanshell
Species: Fanshell (Cyprogenia
stegaria (= irrorata))
the Tennessee, Clinch,
271
and Green
Rivers.
11.
Listing/Date: Endangered/June
21,
1990
Group: Mussels
Species Status: Declining
sur-
Recovery
Green
Priority: 5
Title:
Recovery Plan
Pending
techniques
to
cryopreserve mus-
Green
1
River.
Recovery Achieved:
September 1990
Major Activity Since Last Report: Received listing protection under the Endangered Species Act. Conducted mussel propagation research and a mussel survey of
231
Arkansas fatmucket
1.
10.
(Lampsilis powelli)
2.
Listing/Date: Threatened/April 5,
1990
3.
Group: Clams
Species Status:
4. 5. 6. 7.
Unknown
8
12.
some
Recovery
Priority:
Recovery Plan
Title:
Pending
Recovery Achieved:
June
1990
8. 9.
Inflated heelsplitter
1.
9.
Recovery Objective/Criteria: To
(Potamilus inflatus)
2.
be developed
10.
Listing/Date:
Group: Mussels
Species Status: Declining
11.
4. 5.
6.
7.
Recovery
Priority:
8C
Pending
12.
Major Activity Over Next Reporting Period: To survey populations in the Tombigbee and
Black Warrior River systems. Recovery Achieved:
1
Recovery Plan
Title:
September 1990
8.
232
Curtus' mussel
1.
Tombigbee River
at
Gainesville
indication
(Pleurobema curium)
2.
Bendway (FY
cline
88).
No
Listing/Date: Endangered/April
7,
1987
due
to siltation
was noted
at
both
sites.
3.
Group: Clams
Species Status: Declining
i.
5.
Recovery
Priority:
5C
Five
11.
S.
Recovery Plan
Fork habitat resulted in recovery of four fresh dead specimens (FY 89). East Fork shell survey in FY 90 resulted in recovery of one fresh dead specimen.
Title:
Work with
Engineers
to establish
minimum
monitor
\.
Bendway. Continue
to
F/November
>.
Recovery Objective/Criteria:
Prevent extinction and protect the
June
1990
Major Activity Since Last Report: Search and assessment of habitat in East Fork Tombigbee River and
Listing/Date: Endangered/March
14,
two new popuand New York; however, the New England popuin the location of
lations in Virginia
1990
tection
is
Group: Clams
Species Status: Declining
11.
landowner contacts.
Recovery
Priority: 5
Title:
Major Activity Over Next Reporting Period: The host fish study will be completed, more
surveys to determine total distri-
Recovery Plan
Pending
range
and
a recov-
Recovery Achieved:
1990
o.
233
Judge
1.
Tait's
10.
mussel
11.
(Pleurobema taitianum)
2.
Listing/Date: Endangered/April
7,
1987
88),
3.
Group: Clams
Species Status: Declining
Bendway (FY 88) and the lower Buttahatchee River (FY 89) has been completed. The
species was not found in the East
12.
4.
5. 6.
Recovery Achieved:
Recovery
Priority:
5C
Five
Recovery Plan
Recovery Plan
Title:
7.
8.
F/November
9.
Fork Tombigbee, and the habitat has been severely impacted by siltation and drought. The species was not found in the Gainesville Bendway, and the habitat was impacted by Tennessee Tombigbee Waterway releases and siltation. The population in the extreme
lower Buttahatchee was not encountered, and habitat has been
June
1990
Recovery Objective/Criteria:
Prevent extinction and protect the
sil-
East
Fork during
FY
Marshall's mussel
1.
Gainesville Bendway,
88).
AL (FY
(Pleurobema marshalli)
2.
No
Listing/Date: Endangered/April
7,
1987
were found. This historic population site has been affected by the construction of the Tennessee
reaches of the
ily silted.
3. 4.
5.
Group: Clams
Species Status: Declining
Recovery
Priority: 5
11.
Title:
6.
Recovery Plan
Recovery Plan
Five
Work with
Engineers
to establish
minimum
7.
for
8.
Bendway.
Recovery Achieved:
1
June
1990
9.
Major Activity Since Last Report: Survey and habitat assessment of the Tombigbee River at
234
Penitent mussel
1.
June
(Epioblasma (=Dysnomia)
penita)
2.
1990
Listing/Date: Endangered/April
7,
1987
lower Buttahatchee River (FY 89) has been completed. The species was not found in the East Fork
3.
Group: Clams
Species Status: Declining
4.
5.
Recovery
Priority:
2C
Five
5.
Recovery Plan
Plan
Title:
Tombigbee, and the habitat has been severely impacted by siltation and drought. The population in the extreme lower Buttahatchee has declined from historic levels, and habitat has been impacted by gravel mines and siltation. Shell surveys of the East Fork during FY 89 and 90 did not find the
species.
11.
7.
J.
).
Recovery Objective/Criteria: Prevent extinction and protect the remaining range of the species.
10.
Recovery Achieved:
10.
\.
Listing/Date:
Major Activity Since Last Report: Mussel propagation research. Mussel survey of the Tennessee and Green Rivers.
Major Activity Over Next
Reporting Period: Continuation of
X
1.
Group: Clams
Species Status: Declining
11.
5.
Recovery
Priority: 5
>.
mussel propagation research. Additional mussel surveys in the Tennessee and Green River. Develop educational video on the plight of freshwater mussels and
develop techniques
life
to
Green
Recovery Achieved:
Recovery Objective/Criteria:
Delist. Establish 9 viable popula-
25,
1990
existing populations
and through
235
280
1.
Louisiana pearlshell
Natural Heritage Program survey
of 1985, and the habitat in these
streams
2.
is fully
protected; popula-
Listing/Date:
Endangered/February
3. 4. 5. 6.
5,
1988
tions in each of
Mack Branch,
Brown Creek
is
Group: Clams
Species Status:
number
in
Unknown
2
minimum
Recovery
Priority:
Recovery Plan
Title:
Recovery
recruitment.
10.
No
11.
action.
8.
be surveyed
to
determine
9.
Recovery Objective/Criteria: Downlist. Populations in each of Long Branch, Bayou Clear, Loving Creek and Little Loving Creek number the greater of 2,000 individuals or the level determined by the Louisiana
population status.
12.
Recovery Achieved:
1990
281
1.
Species:
Listing/Date: Endangered/June
14,
1976
3.
Group: Clams
Species Status: Declining
No
11.
action taken.
4.
5. 6.
Recovery
Priority: 5
Recovery Plan Title: A Recovery Plan for the Alabama Lamp Pearly Mussel Lampsilis virescens (Lea 1858)
the Paint
12.
Recovery Achieved:
7.
1990
8.
9.
Delist.
Rock
236
10.
Listing/Date: Endangered/June
14,
1976
3. 4. 5.
6.
Group: Clams
Species Status: Declining
Recovery
Priority: 5
Title:
and on the impact of the toxic components of coal waste to mussels. Additional mussel surveys in the Clinch and Powell Rivers. Develop educational video on the plight of freshwater mussels and
develop techniques
to
cryopreserve mussels.
pop-
12.
Recovery Achieved:
and through
25, 1990
an additional population.
9.
(Conradilla caelata)
12.
Listing/Date: Endangered/June
14,
1976
Recovery Objective/Criteria: populations through the protection of existing populations and discovDelist. Establish five viable
techniques to cryopreserve
mussels.
12.
Recovery Achieved:
Group: Clams
Species Status: Declining
10.
populations.
June
25, 1990
5.
6.
Recovery
Priority:
4C
Birdwing
Recovery Plan
Title:
H8.
cational video
237
10.
(Hemistena
2.
lata)
Listing/Date:
Group: Clams
Species Status: Declining
4.
5.
Major Activity Since Last Report: Mussel propagation research. Mussel survey of the Clinch, Powell, Elk, Tennessee, and Green Rivers. Study of the impacts of coal related silt and toxic components of coal waste on mussels. Major Activity Over Next
Reporting Period: Continuation of
Recovery
Priority:
4
11.
Recovery Plan
Title:
Cracking
for
mussel surveys
Rivers.
9.
Recovery Objective/Criteria:
Delist. Establish eight viable
Develop educational
pop-
and through
12.
cryopreserve mussels.
1
Recovery Achieved:
additional populations.
25, 1990
10.
2.
1976
3.
Group: Clams
Species Status: Declining
4. 5.
6.
Recovery
Priority:
5C
11.
7.
to
8.
on
musto
sels
9.
Recovery Achieved:
25, 1990
238
i-
Species:
Cumberland monkeyface
10.
Listing/Date: Endangered/June
14,
1976
}.
Group: Clams
Species Status: Declining
11.
I.
5.
5C
5.
7.
for
J.
and on the impact of the toxic components of coal waste to mussels. Additional mussel surveys in the Powell, Duck, and Elk Rivers. Develop educational video on the plight of freshwater mussels and
develop techniques
to
cryopreserve mussels.
h Recovery Objective/Criteria:
Delist. Establish four viable
Recovery Achieved:
pop-
and through
25,
1990
additional populations.
Curtis' pearly
Species: Curtis' pearly mussel
mussel
(Epioblasma florentina
curtisi)
Listing/Date: Endangered/June
14,
1976
Group: Clams
Species Status: Declining
Recovery
Priority: 6
Title:
Major Activity Since Last Report: A riparian purchase of over one mile of one of the two rivers believed to contain the species has
Recovery Plan
Recovery
Recovery Plan Stage/Date: F/February4, 1986 Recovery Objective/Criteria: Delist. The species will be considered to be recovered when 1) viable populations occur in four
streams which are sufficiently
used
to protect habitat
when
ap-
propriate.
12.
Recovery Achieved:
affect
more
2) the four
25,
1990
239
288
1.
Species:
sel
2.
Listing/Date: Endangered/June
14,
1976
3.
Group: Clams
Species Status: Declining
4. 5.
6.
Recovery
Priority:
4C
11.
7.
8.
and on the impact of coal waste on mussels. Additional mussel surveys in the Clinch, Powell, and Tennessee Rivers. Develop educational video on the plight of freshwater mussels and develop
techniques
mussels.
12.
to
cryopreserve
9.
Recovery Achieved:
June
additional populations.
25, 1990
T|
1.
additional populations.
10.
bemaculum)
2.
Listing/Date: Endangered/June
14,
1976
3.
Group: Clams
Species Status: Declining,
extinct
4.
may be
11.
5. 6.
Recovery
Priority:
Recovery Plan
7.
Develop educational
8.
cryopreserve mussels.
1
9.
pop-
Recovery Achieved:
June
25, 1990
240
290
mus-
9.
(Lampsilis higginsi)
study
is
on
2.
Listing/Date: Endangered/June
14,
when
5 sepa-
1976
and
11.
3.
Group: Clams
Species Status:
4.
5. 6.
Unknown
2C
10.
be stable over a 10year period. These populations should be in five separate pools
to
shown
Recovery
Priority:
The
Major Activity Since Last Report: U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Waterways Experiment
Station
is
12.
Recovery Achieved:
7.
continuing a long-term
24,
1990
8.
Upper Mississippi
River.
population
Wisconsin. Monitoring
is
separate
Little-wing pearly
1.
mussel
25,
291
June
mus-
10.
1990
2.
Listing/Date:
Endangered/November
3. 4.
5. 6.
14,
1988
Group: Clams
Species Status: Declining
Recovery
Priority:
4
Little-Wing
11.
Recovery Plan
Title:
for
8.
Recovery Plan Stage/Date: F/September 22, 1989 Recovery Objective/Criteria: populations through the protection of existing populations and through
Delist. Establish 13 viable
9.
cryopreserve mussels.
needs study.
12.
additional populations.
Recovery Achieved:
241
10.
Major Activity Since Last Report: Mussel propagation research. Mussel survey of the Ohio and
Tennessee Rivers.
Listing/Date: Endangered/June
14,
1976
11.
3.
Group: Clams
Species Status: Declining
4.
5. 6.
Recovery
Priority: 5
7.
for
12.
Recovery Achieved:
Recovery Plan Stage/Date: F/September 30, 1984 Recovery Objective/Criteria: popuand through
25, 1990
existing populations
Pale
1.
lilliput
pearly mussel
im-
Species: Pale
sel
lilliput
pearly mus-
(Toxolasma (=Carunculina)
provements
in substrate quality
cylitidrellus)
2.
Listing/Date: Endangered/June
14,
1976
11.
No
action taken.
3.
Group: Clams
Species Status: Declining
4.
5.
Recovery
Priority: 5
6.
Recovery Plan
the Paint
12.
in
Recovery Achieved:
June
1990
8.
9.
new
242
294
10.
(Lampsilis orbiculata)
Listing/Date: Endangered/June
14,
1976
Group: Clams
Species Status: Declining
11.
Major Activity Since Last Report: Mussel propagation research. Mussel survey of the Clinch, Ohio, Kanawha, Tennessee, Green, and Barrens Rivers. Life history investigations in the Green
River.
Recovery Priority: 5 Recovery Plan Title: Pink Mucket Pearly Mussel Recovery Plan
cryopreserve mussels.
life
Continuation of
tigations in the
history invesRiver.
Green
1
12.
Recovery Achieved:
25, 1990
Purple cat's
Species: Purple cat's
paw
pearly mussel
Green
paw
pearly
Conducted surveys
River. 11.
in the
mussel (Epioblasma
(=Dysnomia)
cata))
o.
obliquata (=sul-
Listing/Date: Endangered/July
10,
1990
Group: Clams
Species Status: Declining
Major Activity Over Next Reporting Period: Conduct mussel propagation research. Conduct additional mussel surveys in the Tennessee, Clinch, and Green Rivers. Develop an educational video on the plight of freshwater
mussels and develop techniques
to
Recovery
Priority: 6
Title:
cryopreserve mussels.
life
Recovery Plan
Pending
Investigate the
history of the
Recovery Achieved:
September 1990
0.
243
Species: Tubercled-blossom
10.
Major Activity Since Last Report: Mussel propagation research. Major Activity Over Next
Reporting Period: Continuation of
3. 4. 5
Group: Clams
Species Status: Extinct
develop techniques
to
Recovery
cryopreserve mussels.
Priority:
6
12.
Recovery Plan
Plan
7.
Recovery Achieved:
Title:
25,
1990
for
8.
9.
No
recovery exists.
will
Recovery objectives
lished
if
be estab-
a population of the
10.
Major Activity Since Last Report: Mussel propagation research. Major Activity Over Next
Reporting Period: Continuation of
2.
11.
1976
3.
4. 5.
Group: Clams
Species Status: Extinct
and
Recovery
develop techniques
Priority: 5
Title:
to
cryopreserve mussels.
6.
Recovery Plan
Plan
Turgid12.
Recovery Achieved:
7.
25,
1990
8.
9.
No
Recovery objectives
lished
if
will
be estab-
a population of the
244
White
1.
cat's
Downlisting
paw
to
if
( 1 )
pearly mussel
quality problems will be identified
12.
Species:
White
cat s
paw
pearly
threatened status
the Fish
to
may occur
Creek
population proves
be viable
Listing/Date: Endangered/June
14,
1976
and self-maintaining and receives protection from adverse activities: and (2) three additional, viable
populations are discovered or
reestablished and protected.
10.
Recovery Achieved:
24,
1990
3.
Group: Clams
Species Status:
4.
5.
Unknown
Recovery
Priority: 6
Title:
6.
Recovery Plan
Pearly Mussel
Recovery
Paw
Major Activity Since Last Report: Recovery Plan has been completed. Mussel collecting has been prohibited in the Ohio portion of Fish Creek. In addition.
7.
Ohio
8.
9.
and no recent
evidence of recruitment.
made by state and The Nature Conservancy (TNC) representatives under cooperative agreement funding from the Service. Sources of water
contacts will be
Species:
10.
Listing/Date: Endangered/June
14,
Major Activity Since Last Report: Mussel propagation research. Mussel survey of the Ohio and
Tennessee River.
1976
11.
3.
Group: Clams
Species Status: Declining
4. 5.
Recovery
Priority: 5
River.
6.
7.
cryopreserve mussels.
12.
Recovery Achieved:
8.
25,
1990
9.
existing populations
and through
additional populations.
245
300
1.
mussel (Epioblasmaflorentina
florentitm)
2.
Major Activity Since Last Report: Mussel propagation research. Major Activity Over Next
Reporting Period: Continuation of
11.
Listing/Date: Endangered/June
14,
1976
3. 4. 5. 6.
Group: Clams
Species Status: Extinct
mussel propagation research. Develop educational video on the plight of freshwater mussels and develop techniques to
cryopreserve mussels.
Recovery
Priority: 6
Recovery Plan
Plan
12.
Title:
Yellow-
Recovery Achieved:
25, 1990
7.
8.
9.
Recovery Objective/Criteria:
criteria for
No
recovery exists.
a population of the
301
1. 2.
Fine-rayed pigtoe
10.
(Fusconia cuneolus)
Listing/Date: Endangered/June
14,
1976
'*
<>H
3.
4.
Group: Clams
Species Status: Declining
vey of the Clinch, Powell, and Holston Rivers. Life history study
completed.
"4J
5. 6.
Recovery
Priority:
5
11.
7.
to
8.
9.
Recovery Objective/Criteria:
Delist. Establish eight viable
on the plight of
pop-
techniques
mussels.
12.
to
cryopreserve
and through
Recovery Achieved:
additional populations.
13. Information Current as of: June
25,
1990
246
Rough pigtoe
1.
302
Species:
Rough
pigtoe
10.
(Pleurobema plenum)
2.
Listing/Date: Endangered/June
14,
1976
Major Activity Since Last Report: Mussel propagation research. Mussel survey of the Clinch, Tennessee, Green, and Barrens
Rivers. Life history investigations
in the
3.
4.
Group: Clams
Species Status: Declining
11.
Green
River.
5.
6.
Rough
8.
to
Continuation of
history
River.
investigations in the
12.
Green
1
9.
Recovery Achieved:
25, 1990
additional populations.
303
10.
(Fusconaia edgariana)
2.
Listing/Date: Endangered/June
14,
1976
related
3.
Group: Clams
Species Status: Declining
4.
5.
Recovery
Priority: 5
6.
The shiny
study completed.
11.
is
declining.
due
the
The disappearance of this habitat impoundments and water pollution has restricted ability of the Fish and Wildlife Service to restore the
to
is critical
9,
of research on
sel
mus-
Recovery Objective/Criteria: Delist. Establish seven viable populations through the protection of existing populations and through the discovery and/or creation of additional populations.
waste
to
mussels. Additional
mus
12.
cryopreserve
Recovery Achieved:
25,
1990
247
304
1.
Fat pocketbook
9.
Recovery Objective/Criteria:
Downlist. Existing population in
the St. Francis
tributary streams
11.
(Potamilus capax)
2.
Listing/Date: Endangered/June
14,
1976
the
is
Corps of Engineer
St.
dredging in
population.
12.
Francis Floodway
3. 4. 5. 6.
Group: Clams
Species Status: Improving
and
Recovery
Priority:
2C
Recovery Achieved: 2
Recovery Plan Title: A Recovery Plan for the Fat Pocketbook Pearly Mussel Potamilus capax (Green 1832)
White or Wabash
1990
7.
Floodway and
8.
R/Rev/March
28,
1989
Bay
Ditch; survey in
Wabash
F/October4, 1985.
River system.
305
1.
Speckled pocketbook
9.
{Lampsilis streckeri)
2.
Listing/Date:
10.
None
11.
Group: Clams
Species Status:
4.
5. 6. 7.
Unknown
12.
None
Recovery
Priority: 5
Title:
Recovery Achieved:
Recovery Plan
Pending
13. Information Current as of: June
1990
8.
248
Tan
1.
riffle
shell
306
10.
(Epioblasma walkeri)
2.
Major Activity Since Last Report: Mussel propagation research. Mussel survey of the Clinch and
1977
11.
Duck
Rivers.
3.
Group: Clams
Species Status: Declining
4.
5.
Recovery
Priority: 5
Duck
6.
7.
cryopreserve mussels.
1
12.
Recovery Achieved:
8.
25, 1990
9.
pop-
and through
additional populations.
Stirrup shell
1.
307
10.
2.
Listing/Date: Endangered/April
7,
Tombigbee River
at
1987
Gainesville Bendway,
88).
AL (FY
were found.
site
No
stirrup shells
3.
1.4.
Group: Clams
Species Status: Declining
has
5.
Recovery
Priority: 5
Title:
been affected by the construction of the Tennessee Tombigbee Waterway. The lower reaches of
the
11.
6.
Recovery Plan
Recovery Plan
Five
Bendway
7.
Alabama
assessed.
will
be searched and
8.
Recovery Achieved:
9.
1990
249
308
1. 2.
James
River spinymussel
10.
Major Activity Since Last Report: Surveys conducted. Host fishes and life history requirements determined. Finalized recovery plan.
3.
Group: Clams
Species Status: Declining
11.
Major Activity Over Next Reporting Period: Conduct additional surveys within the species'
4.
5. 6.
historic range.
Recovery
Priority: 5
Recovery Plan Title: James River Spinymussel (Pleurobema collina) Recovery Plan
12.
Recovery Achieved:
1990
7.
8.
9.
known
from
threats.
309
1.
2.
Listing/Date: Endangered/June
27, 1985
propagation research.
3. 4. 5. 6.
Group: Clams
Species Status: Declining
was
completed.
Recovery
Priority: 5
11.
7.
8.
9.
Develop educational video on the plight of freshwater mussels and develop techniques
to
only found
Carolina.
endangered, the Tar River spinymussel is in a short stretch of the Tar River in North
exist. Like
is
severa
threatened
cryopre-
by competition from the introduced Asiatic clam, as we as habitat modification and degradation.
serve mussels.
and
Continue
to
monitor population
in
12.
Recovery Achieved:
25, 1990
250
Hay's Spring
1.
amphipod
310
amphipod
10.
(Stygobromus hayi)
2.
Listing/Date:
Endangered/February
3.
4. 5. 6. 7.
5,
1982
11.
Group: Crustaceans
Species Status: Stable
Major Activity Over Next Reporting Period: Continued habitat protection and monitoring.
Investigate recharge area.
Recovery
Priority: 5
Title:
12.
Recovery Achieved: 3
Recovery Plan
N/A
1990
8.
9.
N/A
Cave crayfish
1.
311
9.
Recovery Objective/Criteria:
Delist. Discovery of nine
new
2.
1987
10.
3.
Group: Crustaceans
Species Status: Stable
X.
5.
Recovery
Priority: 5
Title:
5.
Recovery Plan
Recovery
{Cambarus zophonastes)
7.
I.
Recovery Achieved:
1990
251
312
1.
Nashville crayfish
10.
(Orconectes shoupi)
2.
None
11.
Listing/Date:
Group: Crustaceans
Species Status:
4. 5. 6.
Unknown
11C
They
will
this
Recovery
Priority:
year;
and
if
life
history
may be
12.
funded.
1
7.
Recovery Achieved:
June
8.
25, 1990
9.
Recovery Objective/Criteria:
Downlist. Establish two viable
populations through the protection of the existing population
313
1.
Shasta crayfish
9.
2.
Listing/Date:
10.
Group: Crustaceans
Species Status:
Unknown
1
11.
Recovery
Priority:
6. 7.
Recovery Plan
Title:
Pending
12.
Recovery Achieved:
August
8.
23,
1990
252
314
Species:
10.
(Antrolana
2.
Listing/Date: Threatened/October
4,
1982
3.
4. 5. 6. 7.
Group: Crustaceans
Species Status: Stable
11.
possible.
Recovery Priority: 4
Map re-
Recovery Plan
Title:
N/A
12.
8.
9.
NA
Recovery Objective/Criteria:
Stabilize / Protect the isopod's
habitat.
1990
Socorro isopod
Species: Socorro isopod
10.
315
to
1978
be maintained at the University of New Mexico. Modifications to the drain field of the expanded habitat area have been made to
eliminate erosion. Quarterly
itoring visits
Group: Crustaceans
Species Status: Improving
monto
the
site.
Recovery
Priority:
2
11.
may
require further
work
to control erosion.
Monitoring
visits will
continue
will
be
August
1990
253
316
1.
Species:
(Palaemonias alabamae)
2.
Listing/Date:
Endangered/September
3. 4.
5.
7,
1988
11.
Major Activity Since Last Report: Water quality study of Shelta Cave, and hydrology study of Shelta and Bobcat Cave aquifers have been initiated. Major Activity Over Next
Reporting Period:
studies.
Initiate
Group: Crustaceans
Species Status: Declining
water
Recovery
6.
Recovery Plan Title: Alabama Cave Shrimp {Palaemonias alabamae) Recovery Plan
12.
Recovery Achieved:
7.
1990
8. 9.
Recovery Objective/Criteria:
Protect
known
to
populations,
downlist
317
1.
Listing/Date:
11.
Group: Crustaceans
Species Status:
Unknown
8
12.
Recovery
Priority:
Recovery Achieved:
Recovery Plan
Title:
Pending
August
23,
1990
8. 9.
254
318
Species:
10.
{Palaemonias ganteri)
2.
some
of the pollution
Listing/Date:
Endangered/October
3.
12,
1983
11.
originating outside of
Mammoth
Group: Crustaceans
Species Status:
4.
Unknown
12.
None
5.
Recovery Priority: 5 Recovery Plan Title: Kentucky Cave Shrimp Recovery Plan
Recovery Achieved:
6.
June
7.
for
8.
26, 1990
9.
of the species
Squirrel
i
319
Species: Squirrel
Chimney
10.
{Palaemonetes cummingi)
Listing/Date: Threatened/June 21,
11.
1990
3. 4.
Group: Crustaceans
Species Status: Declining
ad-
landowner.
12.
None
anticipated.
1
5. 6.
Recovery
Priority: 17
Title:
Recovery Achieved:
Recovery Plan
NA
7.
September 1990
8. 9.
NA Recovery Objective/Criteria: NA
Recovery Plan Stage/Date:
255
320
1.
Species:
American burying
populations. Surveys
in western portion of
(Nicrophorus americanus)
2.
range. Reintro-
Listing/Date: Endangered/July
13,
1989
duction of beetles to
suitable habitat.
3. 4. 5. 6.
Group: Insects
Species Status: Declining
Preparation of draft
technical recovery
Recovery
Priority:
5C
..i>
other populations
continue to decline.
11.
7.
primarily
on carrion
A recovery
8.
9.
Block Island
later serve as food for hatching larvae. The beetle was once found in 32 states and in Canada, but is now known from only two populations in Oklahoma and Nev England. The reason for its drastic decline remains a
mystery.
on
12.
Recovery Achieved:
10.
Major Activity Since Last Report: Ecological and reproductive studies on Block Island and captive
1990
321
1.
tle
{Elaphrus
viridis)
2.
Listing/Date: Threatened/August
3,
1980
11.
Major Activity Since Last Report: is on California Nature Conservancy lands and is being managed as part of the Nature Conservancy preserve.
Entire population
3. 4.
5.
Group: Insects
Species Status:
Unknown
Recovery
Priority: 8
Title:
Major Activity Over Next Reporting Period: Continued management and monitoring by
the Nature Conservancy.
6.
Recovery Plan
Solano
12.
Recovery Achieved:
1990
8.
9.
known
256
mold
several landowners about protective measures that could be taken. Texas Parks and Wildlife
Listing/Date:
Endangered/September
3.
4.
16,
1988
Group: Insects
Species Status:
populations of
Unknown
11.
5. 6.
7.
Recovery
Priority:
2C
Pending
HCP may be
Recovery Plan
Title:
begun.
Two
Section 6
Recovery Achieved:
.8.
1990
9.
be developed.
10. Major Activity Since Last Report: Progress continued on an
to
State, Federal,
experts,
and
collectors. Proposals
12.
Listing/Date: Threatened/August
7.
1990
11.
prepared.
p. Group:
il.
Insects
>.
Recovery
Priority: 6
Title:
>.
Recovery Plan
Pending
Conduct genetic studies to compare the taxonomy of the Chesapeake Bay and New England populations. Conduct more surveys, especially in Maryland prior to phragmites
control. Investigate potential for
i.
new
populations.
1
12.
Recovery Achieved:
.0.
Major Activity Since Last Report: Received listing protection under the Endangered Species Act. Recovery coordination meeting
held at Forsythe National Wildlife
September 1990
257
State, Federal,
experts,
and
collectors. Proposals
Listing/Date: Threatened/August
7,
1990
11.
prepared.
3.
Group: Insects
Species Status: Declining
4.
5.
Recovery
Priority: 5
Title:
6. 7.
Recovery Plan
Pending
Conduct genetic studies to compare the taxonomy of the Chesapeake Bay and New England populations. Conduct more surveys, especially in Maryland prior to phragmites
control. Investigate potential for
8.
new
populations.
1
9.
12.
Recovery Achieved:
10.
under
September 1990
(Rhadine persephone)
measures
that could
be taken.
Listing/Date:
Endangered/September
3. 4.
16,
1988
Group: Insects
Species Status:
Unknown
2C
Pending
11.
Recovery
HCP may be
Priority:
Recovery Plan
Title:
begun.
Two
Section 6
Recovery Achieved:
1990
9.
10.
to
258
10.
for species,
Listing/Date: Threatened/August
8,
on
1980
3. 4. 5. 6.
Group: Insects
Species Status:
Unknown
9
12.
Recovery
Priority:
Recovery Achieved:
Longhorn Beetle
7.
1990
8.
;
Recovery Plan Stage/Date: F/l 984 Recovery Objective/Criteria: Insufficient information on life history, biology, and ecology exists to develop long term recovery
goals
9.
Bay checkerspot
1.
butterfly
Species:
fly
10.
2.
Listing/Date:
Group: Insects
Species Status: Declining
Recovery
Priority: 3
Title:
Recovery Plan
Pending
12.
tat.
Recovery Achieved:
August
23,
1990
'9.
259
El
1.
Segundo blue
butter10.
butterfly
Species: El
Segundo blue
Few
1,
Listing/Date: Endangered/June
pleted.
11.
1976
3. 4.
5.
Group: Insects
Species Status:
None
1
planned.
Unknown
Recovery
August
1990
6.
Recovery Plan
fly,
Recovery
7.
8.
9.
Recovery Objective/Criteria: existing habitat and to maintain and increase the popula-
Enhance
tion.
9.
Recovery Objective/Criteria:
Stabilize population status.
2.
Listing/Date: Endangered/June
10.
1976
3. 4.
5.
Group: Insects
Species Status: Stable
11.
expand
Recovery
Priority: 9
12.
6.
Recovery Achieved:
Recovery Plan Title: Recovery Plan for Three Endangered Species Endemic to Antioch Dunes, California
1990
7.
8.
260
330
10.
(Lycaeides argyrogtwmon
2.
lotis)
1,
Listing/Date: Endangered/June
1976
3. 4. 5. 6.
Major Activity Since Last Report: Gas and Electric Company conducted status reviews and habitat quality surPacific
veys in
990.
Group: Insects
11.
Species Status:
Unknown
Recovery
Priority: 3
Recovery Achieved:
7.
1990
8.
F/December
1
9.
Recovery Objective/Criteria:
Stabilize
known population,
es-
331
10.
1.2.
Listing/Date: Endangered/June
mentation of San
1,
Bruno Mountain
Habitat Conservation
Plan.
Recovery
6.
Priority:
9
hance, and maintain
populations, imple-
Recovery Plan Title: San Bruno Elfin and Mission Blue Butterflies Recovery Plan
ment conservation
plan.
12.
7.
butterfly inhabits
grasslands and
Recovery Achieved: 2
18.
as
of:
ernments, developed a habitat conservation plan for the San Bruno Mountains. Several hundred acres of habitat
9.
261
Oregon silverspot
1.
butterfly
working group
Study of
at
Species:
Oregon
silverspot butter-
silverspot butterfly
met on May
courtship
11, 1990.
for potential
Listing/Date: Endangered/July 2,
1980
3.
4.
commenced
Cascade
Head.
An
Group: Insects
Species Status: Declining (Loss of habitat, declining numbers of
butterflies over years)
5.
Recovery
Priority: 9
Title:
6.
Recovery Plan
Plan
Oregon
Cascade Head was begun in 1990 by The Nature Conservancy. Meadow habitat at Rock Creek and Mount Hebo are secure from invasion by shrubs and trees through ongoing habitat manipulation efforts. Continue population monitoring, restoration and
rehabilitation of existing grass-
Roads End and Fairview Mountain, and introduce butterflies at Fairview Mountain. Siuslaw National Forest seeks to
tat at
Rock Creek
through purchase of adjacent private land. Maintenance of openings in forest fringes and inland
meadows used by
appropriate
adult butterflie
7.
land
meadow
at
habitat,
monitoring
determine
management needs
8.
9.
Recovery Objective/Criteria:
Stabilize; criteria are being devel-
Recovery Achieved: 2
oped by
10.
the
Recovery Team.
Recovery Plan for technical review. Continue population monitoring, restoration and rehabilitation of existing grassland
24, 1990
meadow
by Washington Depart-
team formed
to
agement plans
(Hammond
Oregon
sil-
HCPs
Oregon
silverspot butterflies were conducted by P. Hammond for the Service at Clatsop Plains, Clatsop County, Oregon. Oregon
The Oregon
and Oregon.
species
to
silverspot
It
is
found
in salt
spray
meadows
is
heavily
which serves at the has been developed for th< as protection of the specie:
262
10.
(Glaucopsyche lygdamus
palosverdesensis)
2.
Major Activity Since Last Report: Conducted a few surveys that revealed no presence of this species.
Listing/Date: Endangered/July 2,
11.
1980
3. 4.
if
Group: Insects
Species Status: Declining
12.
species
exists.
1
Recovery Achieved:
(possibly extinct)
5. 6.
Recovery
August
1990
7.
8.
9.
San Bruno
Species:
elfin butterfly
334
San Bruno
elfin butterfly
10.
Major Activity Since Last Report: Implementation of San Bruno Mountain Habitat Conservation
Plan.
1976
,3.
Group: Insects
Species Status: Stable
11.
4.
5.
Recovery
Priority: 9
6.
Recovery Plan Title: San Bruno Elfin and Mission Blue Butterflies Recovery Plan
12.
Recovery Achieved: 2
7.
1990
J.
).
Protect, maintain,
current populations.
263
Schaus
1.
swallowtail butterfly
9.
Recovery Objective/Criteria:
Objective
is to
aristodemus
ponceanus)
2.
Listing/Date: Endangered/August
31, 1984
where
suit-
3.
Group: Insects
Species Status: Declining
10.
4. 5. 6.
None
11.
Recovery
Priority:
3C
Recovery Plan
Plan.
None
Title:
12.
Recovery Achieved:
7.
1990
8.
F/November
threatened.
1,
Listing/Date: Endangered/July
10.
1976
3. 4. 5. 6.
Group: Insects
Species Status: Declining
Major Activity Since Last Report: Working on protecting habitat through the development of two
Habitat Conservation Plans with
Recovery
Priority:
Recovery Plan
Title:
Smith
Blue
Recovery Achieved:
8.
August
23,
9.
1990
which contain
viable, self-
secured.
after
Remove from
list
when,
total
10 consecutive years, a
of 18 sites appear to be
264
10.
FWS
in
2.
1980Endangered/June
3. 4. 5.
6.
1,
1976
Group: Insects
Species Status:
1989 on larva plant distribution and abundance. Dr. Oakley Shields captured one butterfly and saw another during surveys
spring 1990.
11.
in
Unknown
2
Recovery
Priority:
Recovery Plan
Plan
Title:
Kern
week-long
sta-
Primrose Sphinx
Moth Recovery
7.
Recovery Achieved:
19,
1990
9.
Recovery Objective/Criteria:
Delist
when
three additional
known
1.
Species:
level in Devil's
Hole
at a
led dace;
document presence
of
(Ambrysus amargosus)
2.
minimum
below
to his-
all
and
which
1985
1
3. 4. 5. 6.
Group: Insects
Species Status:
disturbances;
Unknown
2
of
all
from detrimental human document presence listed fish species, and Ash
naucorid, in
all
ment presence of all listed plant species and 4 candidate plant species at all sites which they
have historically occupied.
10.
Meadows
springs
Recovery
Priority:
Recovery Plan
Title:
Ash
Meadows
7.
Amargosa
Ash Meadows
niterwort in
all
historic
localities; establish
and protect
Hole pupfish.
Delisting
8.
following
criteria
must
11.
be met
Major Activity Over Next Reporting Period: Implement Ash Meadows Species Recovery Plan.
Recovery Achieved: 2
9.
12.
conditions
met within
and composition
habitat; estab-
essential
within
all critical
September 1990
Eradicate
all
non-native plants
all
populations of
Warm
Springs pupfish and Ash Meadows Amargosa pupfish in addition to Ash Meadows speck-
265
Species:
agencies) regarding
proval of the
management
Two
Forks project.
Listing/Date:
The agreement includes land acquisition to protect habitat, management of existing properties
benefit the species, long-term
studies,
to
Group: Insects
Species Status: Stable
Recovery
Priority:
9C
Pending
11.
ing.
Recovery Plan
Title:
Two
8.
made, a recovery
9.
determined.
12.
10.
Major Activity Since Last Report: A management agreement has been signed by an Interagency Committee (with members comprised of the Denver Water Department and various Federal
Recovery Achieved:
1990
340
Species:
man
(Texella reddelli)
measures
that could
be taken.
Listing/Date:
Endangered/September
3. 4.
1988
Group: Arachnids
Species Status:
Unknown
2C
Pending
5.
6. 7.
Recovery
Priority:
HCP may be
Recovery Plan
Title:
begun.
Two
Section 6
8.
Recovery Achieved:
1990
9.
10.
to
266
341
Species: Tooth
Cave pseudoscor-
several landowners about protective measures that could be taken. Texas Parks and Wildlife
Listing/Date:
Endangered/September
3.
16,
1988
Group: Arachnids
Species Status:
populations of
11.
4. 5. 6.
7.
Unknown
Recovery
Priority:
2C
Pending
HCP may be
Recovery Plan
Title:
begun.
Two
Section 6
Recovery Achieved:
8.
1990
be developed
10.
to
several landowners about protective measures that could be taken. Texas Parks and Wildlife
(Leptoneta myopica)
I
2.
Listing/Date:
Endangered/September
3.
16,
1988
Group: Arachnids
Species Status:
populations of
11.
4.
5. 6. 7.
Unknown
Recovery
Priority:
2C
Pending
HCP may be
Recovery Plan
Title:
begun.
Two
Section 6
Recovery Achieved:
8.
1990
9.
10.
to
267
Appendix
Plants
IV.
268
Achyranthes splendens
1.
var.
rotundata
343
10.
None
11.
rotundata)
Listing/Date: Endangered/March
26,
None
1986
12.
3. 4. 5. 6.
Group: Plants
Species Status: Stable
Recovery Achieved:
August
Recovery
1990
Priority: 3
Title:
Recovery Plan
Pending
Arizona agave
1.
344
arizonica)
2.
The
Forest
Listing/Date:
18,
Endangered/May
Service hopes
to
1984
3. 4. 5.
Group: Plants
Species Status:
Unknown
con-
tractor will
conduct
studies into
Recovery
Priority: 5
Title:
the
6. 7.
Recovery Plan
Pending
ecology of
The
tax-
onomy
8. 9.
10.
Recovery Achieved:
known
plants.
plants.
increased the
1990
The
Forest Service
269
Ewa
1.
Plains 'akoko
9.
Species:
Ewa Plains
'akoko
Recovery Objective/Criteria: To
(Chamaesyce
kalaeloana)
2.
skottsbergii van
10.
be developed.
Listing/Date: Endangered/August
24,
None
11.
1982
3.
4.
Group: Plants
Species Status: Stable
12.
None
Recovery Achieved:
5. 6. 7.
Recovery
Priority:
12
Recovery Plan
Title:
Pending
August
1990
8.
346
1. 2.
Little
amphiathus
11.
{Amphianthus pusillus)
Listing/Date:
Threatened/February
3.
5,
1988
Group: Plants
Species Status: Stable
Major Activity Over Next Reporting Period: Emphasis will be placed on the development of the recovery plan which will be completed by September 1990. Key landowners will be contacted and a monitoring program will be
initiated if
4.
Recovery
Priority:
able.
Recovery Plan
Title:
Pending
12.
Recovery Achieved:
June
1990
10.
upcoming
recovery plan.
270
Bunched arrowhead
1.
Species:
Bunched arrowhead
(Sagittaria fasciculata)
2.
Listing/Date: Endangered/July
25,
10.
1979
3. 4.
5.
Group: Plants
Species Status: Declining
Major Activity Since Last Report: populations have been monitored, research has been conducted on habitat requirements and population demogra-
Known
Recovery
Priority:
2C
6.
7.
been searched for; habitat has been acquired and protected for two populations in South Carolina, and negotiations are under way for acquisition of a third
site in
North Carolina.
8.
9.
important populations
will continue.
when
15 colonies distributed
12.
Recovery Achieved:
June
1990
348
1.
10.
(Boltonia decurrens)
I
Listing/Date:
Threatened/November
Group: Plants
14,
1988
11.
Recovery
Priority: 8
Title:
Recovery Plan
Decurrent
Recovery Plan
ments
for those
pop-
The decurrent
in Illinois
false aster
is
ulations on public
lands, monitor exist-
introduce plants to a
and Missouri. The Fish and Wildlife Service is cooperating with the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers and the Missouri Department of Conservation to develop a cooperative management agreement for the species.
new
when 12
lands.
12.
geographically distinct,
Recovery Achieved:
27,
1990
271
349
1. 2.
Listing/Date:
16,
Endangered/May
1986
3. 4.
5.
Group: Plants
Species Status: Declining
Recovery
Priority: 5
Title:
6.
Recovery Plan
Recovery
1990
8.
9.
populations
are protected.
350
1. 2.
Listing/Date: Endangered/July
18,
1985
11.
3.
Group: Plants
Species Status: Declining
final recovery
4. 5. 6.
Recovery
Priority:
5C
Recovery
Recovery Plan
Title:
June
25,
1990
for
8. 9.
Recovery Objective/Criteria:
Delist the species
when
there are
272
Spreading avens
1.
351
(Geum
radiatum)
2.
Listing/Date: Endangered/July
21,
1989
from mosf of the surviving populations and reintroduction experiments have begun; the Fish and Wildlife Service and the National
Park Service are redesigning a
heavily-used visitor facility on the
3.
Group: Plants
Species Status: Declining
to prevent
4. 5.
6.
and
Recovery
Priority:
2
Pending
11.
site.
Recovery Plan
Title:
7.
8.
9.
12.
Recovery Achieved:
1990
10.
Major Activity Since Last Report: Major landowners have been contacted regarding protection of the
plant
on
ogy, genetics,
Truckee barberry
Species: Truckee barberry
10.
Endangered/November
3.
6,
1979
Group: Plants
Species Status: Stable
genus
J4.
v
5.
Recovery
Priority:
2C
11.
whether or not
list.
to
main-
66.
on the
7.
*8.
12.
Recovery Achieved:
9.
Recovery Objective/Criteria: Downlist when known population stabilized and 5 new populations
of
1990
100+
273
Bariaco
1.
9.
Recovery Objective/Criteria:
Downlist/ Stabilize the species
self-sustaining status
to
when
Punta
the
2.
Listing/Date:
Endangered/February
3.
5,
1988
known population
Guaniquilla
three
is
at
Group: Plants
Species Status: Declining
tective status
4. 5. 6.
self-perpetuation
Recovery
Priority:
5
10.
None
11.
7.
None
8.
Recovery Achieved:
1990
Dwarf bear-poppy
Dwarf bear-poppy {Arctomecon humilis)
Species:
2.
9.
Recovery Objective/Criteria:
Downlist. Reduce threats to this
species by controlling and
biol-
manag-
Listing/Date:
Endangered/November
3. 4. 5. 6.
6,
1979
Group: Plants
Species Status: Declining
Recovery
Priority:
5C
10.
from unauthorized
ORV
Recovery Achieved:
7.
due apparently
to
1990
(ORV)
use;
howon
ever
274
Penland beardtongue
Species: Penland beardtongue
10.
(Penstemon penlatuiii)
Listing/Date: Endangered/July
13,
3. 4.
5.
1989
Group: Plants
Species Status: Stable
Conservancy and Colorado River Water Conservation District has begun. Seeds were collected and viability tests were conducted in 1989
11.
Recovery
Priority:
14
6.
7.
will
be
8. 9.
Osterhout milk-vetch.
12.
Recovery Achieved: 2
September 1990
Harper's beauty
Species: Harper's beauty
when
(Harperocallis flava)
Listing/Date:
Endangered/October
Group: Plants
2,
1979
considered
a
when
may be minimum of
minimum
of three colonies
Recovery
Priority: 7
10.
Recovery Plan
Title:
Harper's
from
roadside
to
seemingly suitable
on
12.
transplants.
1
Recovery Achieved:
threatened
1990
when
similar to the type locality, away from the roadside where most
now
exist)
275
Brooksville bellflower
1.
10.
(Campanula robinsiae)
2.
Listing/Date: Endangered/July
27,
1989
11.
3. 4.
5.
Group: Plants
Species Status:
re-
Unknown
12.
Recovery Achieved:
Recovery
Priority: 8
Title:
6.
Recovery Plan
Recovery
1990
8. 9.
Cuneate bidens
1.
9.
Recovery Objective/Criteria:
N/A
cuneata)
10.
2.
Listing/Date:
None
17,
believed
extinct
Endangered/February
3. 4. 5.
1984
11.
Group: Plants
Species Status: Extinct
None
Recovery
12.
Priority:
Recovery Achieved:
6. 7.
Recovery Plan
Title:
N/A
August
1990
1
8.
276
10.
(Betula uber)
2.
Listing/Date: Endangered/April
26,
1978
An extensive
taxonomic study.
3.
Group: Plants
Species Status: Improving
11.
4. 5. 6.
Recovery
Priority: 8
Revision)
12.
Recovery Achieved: 3
7.
1990
>
8.
'9.
Recovery Objective/Criteria:
Delist / Increase the
number
to
of
1,000
each of 10 populations.
Palmate-bracted bird's-beak
,1.
360
10.
Listing/Date: Endangered/July
Game
1986
3.
1.4.
Group: Plants
Species Status: Declining
j?5.
Recovery
Priority:
2C
Pending
11.
Livermore population, two new populations have been discovered on Service lands in the Sacramento Valley.
p. Recovery
7.
Plan
Title:
on the Livermore
12.
situation.
1
Recovery Achieved:
August
23,
1990
None
established as of yet,
have occurred.
277
361
1.
Salt
marsh bird's-beak
10.
Species: Salt
marsh bird's-beak
Major Activity Since Last Report: Ensure protection of marshes where this plant species occurs or
has previously occurred.
Listing/Date:
11.
Group: Plants
Species Status:
4.
5. 6.
Unknown
12.
Recovery Achieved:
Recovery
Priority:
August
1990
7.
8.
F/December 1985
9.
Recovery Objective/Criteria:
Protect 12 major marshes in the
populations.
Small-anthered bittercress
1.
10.
(Cardamine micranthera)
Major Activity Since Last Report: Major land owners have been
contacted regarding conservation
2.
Listing/Date:
Group: Plants
Species Status: Declining
4.
5. 6. 7.
Recovery
Priority: 5
Title:
Recovery Plan
Pending
11.
two additional populations have been found and one known population has been extirpated.
8. 9.
12.
Recovery Achieved:
1990
278
10.
Final listing
11.
Major Activity Since Last Report: was completed. Major Activity Over Next
2.
Listing/Date:
Threatened/February
3.
6,
1990
Group: Plants
Species Status: Stable
4.
5. 6.
Recovery
Priority:
14
Recovery Plan
Title:
Pending
12.
Recovery Achieved:
7.
1990
8.
9.
Lyrate bladderpod
1.
364
9.
{Lesquerella lyrata)
12.
Listing/Date:
10.
Group: Plants
11.
Recovery
Priority: 8
Title:
make
Pending
12.
Recovery Plan
owners
on
private lands.
Recovery Achieved:
<8.
September 1990
279
Missouri bladderpod
1.
9.
Recovery Objective/Criteria:
Delisting can be considered
11.
(Lesquerella filiformis)
2.
when
known
sites,
Endangered/January
3. 4. 5.
8,
1987
in se-
new
sites.
Group: Plants
Species Status: Improving
10.
Recovery Achieved: 2
Recovery
Priority: 8
6.
Major Activity Since Last Report: Additional surveys for sites were conducted in 1989 by the Missouri Department of Conservation. 13 new occurrences were
found, bringing the total
27, 1990
7.
known
occurrences
to 69.
Nine of the 69
The National
8.
out some recommended management techniques on Wilson's Creek National Battlefield, which
will enable the
Park Service
to
restore
some
White bladderpod
1.
10.
{Lesquerella pallida)
2.
Listing/Date: Endangered/March
11,
1987
Sam Houston
3. 4.
5.
Group: Plants
Species Status: Declining
Recovery
11.
Priority: 8
6.
Recovery Achieved:
7.
26,
8. 9.
1990
Recovery Objective/Criteria:
Stabilize
280
367
which
plant
all listed
Species:
Ash Meadows
blazing-
level in Devil s
Hole
at a
led dace;
document presence of
minimum
below
to his-
all
and
1985
3. 4.
5.
Group: Plants
Species Status: Stable
disturbances;
of
all
from detrimental human document presence listed fish species, and Ash
naucorid, in
all
ment presence of
species at
all sites
which they
Meadows
sent;
springs
10.
Recovery
Priority: 8
Title:
6.
Recovery Plan
Ash
Meadows
7.
Amargosa
Ash Meadows
localities; establish
and protect
Hole pupfish.
Delisting
Recovery Plan. Published Notice of Availability for public review in Federal Register. Monitoring of
extant plant populations within
8.
Recovery Plan Stage/Date: F/September 28, 1990 Recovery Objective/Criteria: Downlisting all of following
following
criteria
Wildlife
must be met
9.
conditions
met within
and composition
habitat; estab-
essential
within
Major Activity Over Next Reporting Period: Implement Ash Meadows Species Recovery Plan.
Recovery Achieved: 2
all critical
Eradicate
all
non-native plants
all
populations of
12.
September, 1990
Heller's blazingstar
Species: Heller's blazingstar
(Liatris helleri)
368
self-sustaining
and permanently
protected.
10.
19,
Listing/Date:
Threatened/November
Group: Plants
Species Status:
1987
Major Activity Since Last Report: Major landowners have been contacted regarding conservation of
the species
on
their lands;
is
Unknown
prescribed burning
being con-
Recovery
ducted
Priority: 8
sites.
at
some
Forest Service
Recovery Plan
11.
search.
12.
8.
Recovery Achieved:
9.
1990
must be determined
to
be
281
369
1.
Scrub blazingstar
tions at 2 or more sites in Highlands or Polk Counties must be accomplished. A total of at least 3 sites must be in Highlands
2.
Listing/Date: Endangered/July
27, 1989
County, 3 in Polk.
10.
3.
Group: Plants
Species Status: Declining
4. 5. 6.
Recovery
Priority:
Service.
11.
7.
for
8.
and private habitat acquisition. Additional habitat acquisition by the Fish and Wildlife Service.
12.
9.
Recovery Objective/Criteria:
Reclassification to threatened status
Recovery Achieved: 2
1990
with at least 1 population, is accomplished. For delisting, a total of at least 10 additional popula-
370
1.
Kearney's blue-star
10.
(Amsonia keameyana)
2.
Listing/Date: Endangered/January
19,
1989
provided.
is
The
status of this
population
3. 4. 5.
Group: Plants
Species Status:
recent
Unknown
11.
Recovery
Priority: 2
Title:
No
actions are
6.
7.
Recovery Plan
Pending
12.
anticipated
Recovery Achieved:
8.
Recovery Plan Stage/Date: U/draft due December 1 990 Recovery Objective/Criteria: Stabilize/no Recovery Plan
1990
9.
282
Roan Mountain
1.
bluet
371
Species:
Roan Mountain
var.
bluet
10.
(Hedyotis purpurea
montand)
Major Activity Since Last Report: Major landowners have been contacted regarding protection of the
Listing/Date: Endangered/April
5,
3.
1990
Group: Plants
Species Status:
4.
5.
Unknown
11.
Recovery
Priority: 6
Title:
work
Pending
12.
in
#10.
1
6. 7.
Recovery Plan
Recovery Achieved:
1990
8.
9.
Florida
1.
bonamia
Gardens has propagated the
species.
11.
9.
Recovery Objective/Criteria:
Delist
when
at least
one
site
with
viable populations
2.
is
secured in
Threatened/November
3.
2,
1987
Group: Plants
Species Status: Declining
one
in a
4.
5. 6.
Recovery
10.
Priority:
Recovery Achieved: 3
1990
Ocala National Forest. The Nature Conservancy signed conservation agreements with Orange County
large population in
preparing
management plan
for recently-
moving
to
purchase habitat
Blanket Lakes.
at
Saddle
Bok Tower
283
Vahl's
1.
boxwood
9.
Species: Vahl's
vahlii)
boxwood (Buxus
Recovery Objective/Criteria:
Downlist. Reverse the decline and
stabilize to self-sustaining condi-
2.
Listing/Date: Endangered/August
13,
1985
tion
lations
3.
Group: Plants
Species Status: Declining
establishing
new populations
in
Puerto Rico.
10.
Recovery
Priority: 5
None
11.
None
7.
Recovery Achieved:
8.
1990
374
1.
San Clemente
9.
Island
broom
Species:
Recovery Objective/Criteria:
Eliminate threat from introduced
pigs and goats.
broom
traskiae
2.
Listing/Date: Endangered/August
11,
10.
1977
3.
Group: Plants
Species Status: Improving
11.
4. 5. 6.
Recovery
Priority: 9
move
12.
feral animals.
1
Recovery Achieved:
August
1990
7.
8.
284
Steamboat buckwheat
1.
10.
(Eriogonum ovalifolium
williamsiae)
2.
var.
Major Activity Since Last Report: Proposed land exchange between private landowner and the Forest
Service has fallen through.
Listing/Date: Endangered/July 8,
1986
3. 4.
11.
Group: Plants
Species Status: Stable
12.
Recovery Achieved:
Recovery
Priority: 3
Title:
August
Recovery Plan
Pending
23, 1990
9.
Prairie bush-clover
1.
10.
(Lespedeza leptostachya)
I
2.
Listing/Date: Threatened/January
9,
1987
3. 4.
Group: Plants
Species Status: Improving
have any type of management plan strictly for the bush clover.
11.
5.
6.
Recovery
Priority:
new
occurrences.
7.
undertaken
in
be Iowa next
year.
8.
Recovery Plan Stage/Date: F/October 6, 1988 Recovery Objective/Criteria: when 20 viable naturally
occurring populations within the
12.
Minnesota.
9.
Recovery Achieved:
Delist
27,
1990
managed.
285
377
1.
San Clemente
9.
Island
bush-mallow
Recovery Objective/Criteria:
Eliminate threat from introduced
goats and pigs.
clementinus)
2.
10.
1977
Group: Plants
Species Status: Improving
11.
Recovery
Priority: 8
12.
Recovery Achieved:
August
1990
Autumn buttercup
1.
Species:
Autumn
buttercup
var.
10.
(Ranunculus acriformis
aestivalis)
2.
Major Activity Since Last Report: The species' only known habitat has been acquired by The Nature
Conservancy. Intensive population monitoring has
propogation
Listing/Date: Endangered/July
21, 1989
on biology and ecology of the species and for use in enhancing populations in the
for use in research
been
3.
Group: Plants
Species Status: Declining
4. 5. 6.
conducted and a population increase to 34 plants has been documented. Control of competing
vegetation in the species' habitat
Recovery
Priority:
purchased by the Nature Conservancy may be considered by the Service for eventual placement under the refuge system.
12.
an arboretum
critically
Recovery Achieved:
in Flagstaff,
7.
endangered and
may go
1990
extinct in the wild in the near future unless exceptional efforts are
8.
U
11.
made
for
its
preservation.
9.
draft recov-
Establishment of an additional
population
Proposals
at
Utah State
is
University's arboretum
to
planned.
286
Mohr's Barbara's-button
1.
11.
(Marshallia mohrii)
2.
Listing/Date:
be completed by September
their
Threatened/September
3.
7,
1988
Group: Plants
Species Status: Stable
on
their property.
1
4. 5. 6. 7.
Recovery
12.
Priority: 8
Title:
Recovery Achieved:
Recovery Plan
Pending
1990
8. 9.
10.
opment.
380
10.
(Echinocereus triglochidiatus
arizonicus)
var.
No
11.
actions taken in
FY 90.
actions are
No
1
Group: Plants
Species Status:
12.
Recovery Achieved:
4.
5. 6.
Unknown
Recovery
1990
Priority: 3
Title:
Recovery Plan
Pending
7.
8.
'9.
287
381
1.
Bakersfield cactus
11.
(Opuntia
2.
treleasei)
Listing/Date: Endangered/July
19,
1990
"preserve" three
if
3.
Group: Plants
Species Status: Declining
12.
permit
is
issued.
1
4.
5. 6. 7.
Recovery Achieved:
Recovery
Priority:
Recovery Plan
Title:
Pending
September 1990
for
8.
Pending
9.
10.
10.
var.
(Echinocereus reichenbachii
albertii)
2.
Listing/Date:
Emmett, Ph.D., has completed a seed bank study on this species. The Corpus
Christi Botanical
l^fsrwi
Black lace cacti are
stock and
plant.
Group: Plants
Species Status: Declining
Garden
seed.
11.
is
propagat-
5. 6.
Recovery
Priority: 3
7.
Unknown.
known
in
live-
12.
Recovery Achieved:
1
illegal
main threats
to this
Recovery Objective/Criteria:
1990
Unknown
288
10.
{Pediocactus bradyi)
2.
Listing/Date:
Major Activity Since Last Report: Bureau of Land Management inventoried demographic monitoring plots. This action resulted in
no net
threats
Group: Plants
Species Status:
BLM to assess
4.
5. 6.
Unknown
2
11.
and determine
management direction.
Major Activity Over Next
Reporting Period:
plots.
Recovery
Priority:
BLM
will con-
7.
12.
Recovery Achieved:
8.
F/March28, 1986
9.
1990
Recovery Objective/Criteria:
Downlist/Criteria not established.
384
Species:
9.
Recovery Objective/Criteria:
Stabilize.
{Coryphantha ramillosa)
I
2.
Listing/Date:
10.
6,
Threatened/November
3.
J
1979
11.
None
Major Activity Over Next
Reporting Period:
Group: Plants
Species Status: Declining.
None
4. 5.
6.
anticipated.
Recovery
Priority: 8
12.
Recovery Achieved:
26, 1990
r .
8.
289
10.
None
11.
Listing/Date:
None
Group: Plants
Species Status: Declining
12.
Recovery Achieved:
4.
5. 6. 7.
Recovery
Priority:
26, 1990
Recovery Plan
Title:
Pending
8.
9.
386
1.
{Coryphantha robbinsorum)
2.
Listing/Date: Threatened/January
9,
Major Activity Since Last Report: Demographic monitoring plots were inventoried in April. The
purpose of monitoring is to identify threats to species and deter-
1986
3. 4.
Group: Plants
Species Status:
mine
the best
management
Unknown
11.
strategy.
5. 6.
7.
Recovery
Priority: 8
Title:
Same
1
as #10.
Recovery Plan
Pending
12.
Recovery Achieved:
1990
8.
9.
290
Key tree-cactus
1.
Species:
robinii)
Key
tree -cactus
(Cereus
10.
2.
Listing/Date: Endangered/July
19,
purchased a
site
with
Key
tree-
1984
Hennessy
(U.S.
Department of
3. 4.
5.
Group: Plants
Species Status: Stable
Recovery
Priority:
5C
6.
7.
11.
consite
8.
Hammock
Wildlife
on
).
Recovery Objective/Criteria:
Reclassification to threatened
possible
when
10 self-sustaining
1990
Knowlton cactus
1.
388
Species:
Knowlton cactus
10.
(Pediocactus knowltonii)
1,2.
Major Activity Since Last Report: Monitoring continues at the type locality and population size was
estimated with random sampling.
Listing/Date:
Group: Plants
Species Status: Stable
new
Recovery
Priority:
>6.
Recovery Plan
Title:
Knowlton
The Bureau of Land Management has surveyed the Reese Canyon Research Natural Area (RNA) for potential reintroduction sites. The RNA was designed with the goal of using
establishment of
11.
it
for
new
populations.
8.
F/March
9.
ment
of a second reintroduced
population.
12.
Recovery Achieved: 2
new
areas.
13. Information Current as of: July
development impacts.
27, 1990
291
389
1.
New Mexico
Fort Stanton.
continues gathering
kuenzleri)
2.
The
Forest Service
Listing/Date:
on
Group: Plants
Species Status: Stable
Recovery
Priority: 3
monitoring
12.
7.
Recovery Achieved:
8.
27,
1990
9.
Recovery Objective/Criteria:
Downlist. Secure and maintain a
390
1.
Species:
(Coryphantha sneedii
2.
Major Activity Since Last Report: The NPS continues surveying the
monitoring plots
it
Listing/Date: Threatened/October
25, 1979
established at
3.
Group: Plants
Species Status: Stable
4.
5. 6.
Recovery
Priority: 3
12.
Recovery Achieved: 2
27,
1990
7.
8.
F/March21, 1986
9.
Recovery Objective/Criteria:
Delist.
Remove
collecting threat,
(NPS) management
plan.
292
Lloyd's
1.
hedgehog cactus
391
10.
(Echinocereus
2.
lloydii)
None
11.
Listing/Date:
Unknown
1
Group: Plants
Species Status:
12.
Recovery Achieved:
Unknown
5.
6.
Recovery
26, 1990
Priority: 8
Title:
Recovery Plan
NA
7.
8. 9.
NA
Recovery Objective/Criteria: Conduct status review. Now thought to be a naturally occurring hybrid.
The Service
is
wait-
Zimmerman
species.
10.
{Neolloydia mariposensis)
2
None
11.
2.
Listing/Date:
Threatened/November
3. 4. 5. 6.
6,
1979
Group: Plants
12.
Recovery Achieved:
Recovery
Priority:
26,
1990
7.
8.
9.
Recovery Objective/Criteria:
Stabilize.
293
Species:
10.
(Sclerocactus mesae-verdae)
2.
Listing/Date: Threatened/October
30, 1979
Management (BLM),
3. 4. 5.
Group: Plants
Species Status: Stable
New Mexico
biology
is
Colorado. Pollination
ied by U.S.
Recovery
Priority:
8C
6.
7.
The main
threats to the
are removal
human and
8.
Environmental
BLM
management
of
12.
Recovery Achieved:
9.
Mesa Verde
time of
11.
cactus.
populations
listing
known
at the
27,
1990
human
394
1.
(Coryphantha minima)
2.
currently
Endangered/November
3. 4. 5. 6.
7,
1979
11.
Program access
population.
to this
Group: Plants
Species Status: Declining
Unknown
at
Recovery
Priority:
2
12.
Recovery Achieved:
7.
26, 1990
8.
9.
294
10.
The Bureau
Major Activity Since Last Report: of Land Management inventoried demographic monitoring plots for this species.
Listing/Date:
11.
Group: Plants
Species Status:
Unknown
12.
Recovery Achieved:
Recovery
Priority: 3
Turk's
7.
1990
for
8.
Recovery Plan Stage/Date: F/April 14, 1986 Recovery Objective/Criteria: Downlisting and delisting criteria
not established.
Y9.
10.
{Pediocactus peeblesianus
var.
Service con-
peeblesianus)
.2.
and
the
Bureau of Land
plots for
Listing/Date:
Management
this species.
mographic monitoring
Group: Plants
11.
Species Status:
Unknown
12.
Same
1
as #10.
IS.
t>6.
Recovery
Priority: 3
Recovery Achieved:
1990
7.
18.
F/March30, 1984
9.
Recovery Objective/Criteria:
Delisting/Delisting criteria:
number
of individuals to
295
Species:
tion
(Pediocactus despainii)
2.
tat inventories.
Listing/Date:
Endangered/September
3.
4.
16,
1987
11.
is
Group: Plants
Species Status: Declining
5. 6. 7.
Recovery
Priority:
5C
Pending
Recovery Plan
Title:
of
tial
8.
9.
com-
10.
One
tat
Recovery Achieved:
1990
398
1. 2.
Siler
pincushion cactus
plots. Delisting criteria include
(Pediocactus sileri)
Listing/Date:
implementation of management
plan, demonstrate long-term stability of populations,
and assure
protection from
claims.
new mining
Group: Plants
Species Status:
4.
5.
Unknown
10.
Recovery
Priority: 8
Title: Siler
Major Activity Since Last Report: Bureau of Land Management (BLM) inventoried demographic
monitoring plots. This action resulted in
6.
Recovery Plan
no net
BLM to
man-
agement
direction.
8.
Same
as above.
9.
Recovery Objective/Criteria:
Downlist/Five downlisting criteria
include developing
12.
Recovery Achieved: 2
management
25,
1990
296
Species:
Listing/Date:
populations of
7,
Endangered/November
3.
1979
fore, there is a
monitoring
to
Group: Plants
Species Status: Declining
(several populations in Lincoln
10.
4.
known
loca-
New
Mexico.
major
fire)
11.
Recovery
Priority:
6.
be monitored.
Recovery Achieved: 2
7.
26, 1990
8.
F/March21, 1986
9.
Recovery Objective/Criteria:
Potential downlist/Charlie
McDonald
is
400
1.
10.
inermis)
12.
Listing/Date:
Major Activity Since Last Report: In 1988 the Utah Interagency Rare Plant Group recommended delisting based on invalid taxonomy. Taxonomy validity remains
questionable and delisting
appropriate.
Endangered/November
1
7,
1979
may be
3. 4. 5. 6.
Group: Plants
Species Status: Improving
11.
Recovery
taxon-
Priority: 9
Title:
omy
Spineless
12.
is
invalid.
1
Recovery Plan
Recovery Achieved:
1990
F/April
.
297
401
1.
and inventory
(Ancistrocactus tobuschii)
2.
additional habitat.
10.
Listing/Date:
Endangered/November
3. 4. 5.
7,
1979
Group: Plants
Species Status:
FY
Unknown
2
11.
Recovery
Priority:
6.
Unknown
at
7.
Recovery Achieved:
8.
26,
9.
1990
new
2 years,
last
may
be more abundant and have a wider range than previously thought. Continue to monitor ex-
402
1.
measures
tinct
for populations
and
Listing/Date: Threatened/October
11,
1979
10.
tified
3. 4. 5. 6.
Group: Plants
Species Status: Stable
Recovery
Priority: 8
re-
May
7.
8.
completed
9.
in
FY
91 or 92.
Document
be
a total pop-
evaluated based on
tion
12.
new informa-
on species abundance.
Recovery Achieved: 3
September 1990
298
403
10.
{Sclerocactus wrightiae)
2.
Listing/Date:
The
Endangered/October
3.
11,
1979
Group: Plants
Species Status: Stable
measures
4.
5.
Recovery
Priority: 8
documents.
11.
F/December
known. Evaluation
will
be under-
Recovery Objective/Criteria:
Eligible for downlisting
when 2
Recovery Achieved: 3
self-sustaining populations of at
least
areas
tial
1990
for delisting
when
a third such
population
is
secured.
Cassia mirablliS
Species:
(No
common name)
404
No common name
10.
{Cassia mirabilis)
Listing/Date: Endangered/April
5,
11.
1990
None
Group: Plants
Species Status: Declining
12.
Recovery Achieved:
Recovery
1990
Pending
Recovery Plan
299
405
1.
Spring-loving centaury
minimum
level of 1.4 feet
below
to his-
(Centaurium namophilum)
2.
1985
3. 4.
5.
disturbances;
Group: Plants
Species Status: Stable
of
all
from detrimental human document presence listed fish species, and Ash
naucorid, in
all
Meadows
springs
Recovery
Priority: 8
Title:
6.
Recovery Plan
Ash
Meadows
7.
where they were historically present; document presence of Amargosa niterwort in all historic localities; establish and protect
refugia populations of Devils
Hole pupfish.
Delisting
following
criteria
8.
Recovery Plan Stage/Date: F/September 28, 1990 Recovery Objective/Criteria: all of following Downlisting
must be met
9.
and composition
habitat; estab-
conditions
met within
within
all critical
essential
lish self-sustaining
populations of
Eradicate
all
non-native plants
all
Warm
Springs pupfish and Ash Meadows Amargosa pupfish in addition to Ash Meadows speckled dace;
all
document presence
of
Devils Hole
at a
and
which
plant
ment presence
species at
of
all listed
which they
Ash Meadows
Wildlife
Major Activity Over Next Reporting Period: Implement Ash Meadows Species Recovery Plan.
Recovery Achieved: 2
12.
Known
the
only from
September, 1990
name
Many
of
Wildlife
and
1 1
and animals.
300
Pedate checker-mallow
1.
406
10.
{Sidalcea pedata)
2.
No recovery
activity.
1984
3.
Group: Plants
Species Status: Declining
4. 5.
6.
Recovery
Priority:
5C
Pending
12.
Recovery Achieved:
Recovery Plan
Title:
August
7.
1990
8.
U/FY
9.
preserve 5
hundred meadows.
Higo
1.
chumbo
407
Species: Higo
chumbo
(Harrisia
10.
(-Cereus) portoricensis)
2.
Listing/Date: Threatened/August
8.
Major Activity Since Last Report: Received listing protection under the Endangered Species Act. Major Activity Over Next
Reporting Period: Complete the
recovery plan.
1990
11.
3.
Group: Plants
Species Status: Declining
12.
4.
5. 6. 7.
Recovery Achieved:
Recovery
Priority: 5
Title:
Recovery Plan
Pending
September 1990
8.
9.
301
408
1.
Robbins' cinquefoil
9.
11.
2.
Listing/Date:
Endangered/September
3.
4.
17,
1980
encourage
its
natu-
be
in-
Group: Plants
Species Status: Stable
sustaining, reproducing
mentioned above
will
5.
Recovery
Priority:
presently occupied.
continue.
12.
Recovery Plan
Title:
Robbins'
10.
Recovery Achieved: 2
Cinquefoil {Potentilla
1990
trails that
site of the
ma-
is
stable; the
produced seedlings.
409
1.
Arizona cliff-rose
mation
that
was gathered
(Cowania subintegra)
2.
supported the
burros.
Listing/Date:
29, 1984
Endangered/May
The
3. 4.
5.
Group: Plants
Species Status:
Unknown
2
11.
allow reproduction
Recovery
Priority:
6. 7.
Recovery Plan
Title:
Pending
8.
Recovery Plan Stage/Date: U/draft due December 1990 Recovery Objective/Criteria: Downlist/No Recovery Plan
Recovery Achieved:
1990
9.
10.
(BLM)
inventoried monitoring
302
Running buffalo-clover
1.
410
2.
Listing/Date: Endangered/June 5,
10.
1987
3.
Group: Plants
Species Status: Improving
4. 5.
6.
Major Activity Since Last Report: population was discovered in West Virginia. At the time of listing in 1987, only one population was known. We now are
One new
Recovery
Priority:
2
11.
aware of 18 populations.
new
populations, and
7.
Department of Conservation
in-
8.
Recovery Plan Stage/Date: F/June 8, 1989 Recovery Objective/Criteria: Downlist to threatened when 30
secure self-sustaining populations
are
9.
Recovery Achieved:
27,
1990
411
10.
Major Activity Since Last Report: Material from all colonies is being maintained in cultivation,
Listing/Date: Endangered/June 6,
1979
3. 4. 5.
Group: Plants
Species Status: Stable
management requirements
species have been initiated
11.
of
Recovery
Priority: 8
6.
7.
management requirements
12.
studies
Recovery Achieved: 2
8.
25,
1990
Tennessee purple conef lowers are now under cultivation at the Tennessee Valley
Authority Nursery. Botanical
facilities in
9.
when
the efforts.
303
412
1.
Species:
thistle
(Eryngium constancei)
Department of Fish
2.
Listing/Date: Endangered/August
1,
1985
and
Section 6
3.
Group: Plants
Species Status: Improving
11.
enhanced
of the lake.
4.
5.
Recovery
Priority: 14
Title:
6.
7.
Recovery Plan
N/A
12.
package soon.
for
8.
Recovery Achieved: 4
August
N/A
23, 1990
9.
known population,
recontour
413
1.
Toad-flax cress
verified the validity of the species
{Glaucocarpum suffrutescens)
2.
taxonomic
11.
classification.
Listing/Date:
Endangered/October
3.
6,
1987
Group: Plants
Species Status: Declining
was
historically affected
by
live-
4.
5. 6. 7.
Recovery
Priority:
IOC
Pending
ment
begin
is
threat.
Recovery Plan
Title:
document
the population
Recovery of
this species
may be
of
members
9.
Recovery Achieved:
10.
Major Activity Since Last Report: The Bureau of Land Management has incorporated protection measures for this species' habitat into
1990
304
Jones cycladenia
1.
414
(Cycladenia humilis
var. jonesii)
come from
habitat
Listing/Date: Threatened/May 5,
1986
3. 4. 5.
6. 7.
As long
as the habitat
is
pro-
Group: Plants
Species Status: Stable
11.
remain
Recovery
Priority: 9
Title:
Recovery Plan
Pending
Recovery Achieved:
1990
10.
The U.S. Department of Agricultures Bee Biology Laboratory has begun research
pollination biology of this
species. Population monitoring
in
415
10.
{Cupressus abramsiatia)
2.
None
11.
Listing/Date: Endangered/January
8,
1987
None
3.
Group: Plants
Species Status: Stable
12.
Recovery Achieved:
4.
5.
Recovery
August
23, 1990
Recovery Plan
7.
Pending
8.
9.
305
416
1988
3.
4. 5.
6.
Lakeside daisy
10.
Plants have
be-
ing written.
The
State of
Ohio has
Group: Plants
Species Status: Stable
Recovery
Priority:
9
11.
been
initiated.
7.
12.
Recovery Achieved:
8.
Recovery Plan Stage/Date: F/September 19, 1990 Recovery Objective/Criteria: Maintain and protect 475 acres on the Marblehead area, and two geographically distinct introduced
27, 1990
9.
417
1.
Maguire daisy
ditional populations in the
San
maguire i
2.
var.
maguirei)
Endangered/September
3. 4.
5,
1985
Group: Plants
Species Status:
same
entity.
Unknown
6
The
species should
now be
recog-
Recovery
Priority:
Recovery Plan
Title:
NA
11.
and the
NA Recovery Objective/Criteria: NA
Recovery Plan Stage/Date:
10.
Major Activity Since Last Report: The National Park Service has
initiated
an inventory for
this
Recovery Achieved: 4
Service
1990
(BLM)
lands.
306
DaphnopsiS hellerana
1.
(No
common name)
418
Species:
No common name
9.
Recovery Objective/Criteria:
Delisting/To establish three additional populations of in protected areas
{Daphnopsis hellerana)
2.
Listing/Date: Endangered/June
23,
each species
1988
such as the
sites
Commonwealth
Forest Reserves.
3. 4. 5.
Group: Plants
Species Status: Declining
Privately-owned population
should be protected.
10.
Recovery
Priority:
None
Cornutia
11.
6.
Recovery Plan
Title:
None
for
8.
12.
Recovery Achieved:
1990
419
dawn-
9.
{Hymenoxys texana)
Listing/Date: Endangered/March
13,
Recovery Objective/Criteria: Stabilize. Downlisting may be considered when 50 separate populations, each at least one hectare
in size, are discovered or estab-
11.
1986
be made of potential habitat areas as time and money allows. The species will continue to be propagated at Mercer.
12.
from adverse
Group: Plants
Species Status: Declining
Recovery Achieved:
Recovery
Priority:
8C
Major Activity Since Last Report: Final recovery plan was signed, printed, and distributed to interested parties.
26,
1990
No new
populations
were discovered this year. One population of about 500 individuals was lost due to road construction. Several hundred individuals remain under artificial propagation at the Mercer Arboretum of Houston, Texas. Good reproduction, survival, and growth of the
plant
is
being observed.
307
420
1.
Ashy dogweed
10.
Species:
Ashy dogweed
(Thymophylla tephroleuca)
2.
Listing/Date: Endangered/July
19,
(NWRC)
is
in
1984
doing a seed
3.
Group: Plants
Species Status: Declining
4.
5. 6.
Recovery
Priority: 5
NWRC
to collect
more
7.
11.
8.
9.
Recovery Objective/Criteria:
Stabilize.
26, 1990
421
1.
Canby's dropwort
marginal) augmented
to the
Species:
Canbys dropwort
point
12.
Recovery Achieved:
(Oxypolis canbyi)
2.
self-sustaining;
Listing/Date:
1990
Group: Plants
Species Status: Declining
Recovery
Priority: 5
Title:
s
Recovery Plan
Plan for Canby
Recovery
Dropwort
7.
monitored, research
is
currently
8.
9.
when
from habitat destruction and 5 additional populations have been found, reestabare protected
lished, or (in the case of
described in #10, as
well as investigation of
manage-
ment needs
at
key
sites.
now
308
Erubia
1.
10.
drymophilium)
2.
Listing/Date: Endangered/August
26,
conducted
11.
1988
3. 4. 5.
6. 7.
Group: Plants
Species Status: Declining
12.
None
Recovery Achieved:
Recovery
Priority:
2C
Pending
Recovery Plan
Title:
1990
for
8. 9.
Garber's spurge
i.
10.
{Chamaesyce garberi)
2
None
1
2.
Listing/Date: Threatened/July
8,
11.
1985
3. 4. 5.
None
Group: Plants
12.
Recovery Achieved:
Recovery
1990
ft
6.
Recovery Plan Title: Recoveiy plan for Five Pine Rockland Plant
Species.
7.
8.
9.
Chamaesyce garberi could be considered for delisting if 20 selfsustaining populations were se-
cured.
309
424
ssp. howellii)
2.
Species: Antioch
Listing/Date: Endangered/April
26, 1978
10.
number
lished.
3. 4. 5.
Group: Plants
Species Status: Stable
Recovery
Priority: 9
Title:
Recovery Plan
Recovery
11.
Antioch
Dunes, California
1990
An inter-
2.
Listing/Date: Endangered/April
26, 1978
3. 4. 5. 6.
Group: Plants
Species Status: Stable
FWS,
Inyo County,
Recovery
Priority: 9
California National
7.
8.
vened to discuss concerns over the encroachment of Russian thistle onto the Eureka Dunes
evening primrose
habitat.
The Eureka
tive to
Valley evening-primrose
is
is
extremely sensi-
disturbance and
road vehicles.
The
9.
12.
is
Recovery Achieved: 2
August
funding
BLM in compermanent
transects to
1990
Major Activity Since Last Report: The Bureau of Land Management (BLM) monitored permanent transects in 1988 that were originally established in 1985.
transects 2) Set
up
310
426
Species:
9.
Listing/Date:
Group: Plants
Species Status: Unknown (temporarily declining due
The Bureau
to
drought conditions)
5.
Recovery
Priority:
5C
6.
A final
year of
7.
8.
Recovery Achieved:
August
23, 1990
Aleutian shield-fern
Species: Aleutian shield-fern
(Polystichum aleuticum)
Listing/Date:
Endangered/February
17,
1988
known
Group: Plants
Species Status: Stable
Recovery
Priority: 8
Title:
Recovery Plan
Pending
lect data
on
life
Collection of
all
available infor-
mation
to
be used in determina-
Major Activity Since Last Report: The population on Mt. Reed, island of Adak, Alaska, was mapped, and permanent monitoring plots established. Soil samples collected for analyses.
Recovery Achieved:
1990
311
428
1.
Species:
American
americatia)
2.
11.
1989
3.
Group: Plants
Species Status:
and
4.
5. 6.
Unknown
12.
species
Recovery
Priority: 9
Title:
Recovery Achieved:
Recovery Plan
Fern
Recovery
26, 1990
7.
8.
9.
tions in the U. S. (2 in
AL, 2
in
TN,
3 in MI, and 6 in
NY)
429
1.
Recovery Objective/Criteria:
Downlist/Stabilize the species to
a self-sustaining status
least
dryopteroides)
2.
Listing/Date: Endangered/June
16,
when
at
1987
Group: Plants
Species Status: Declining
tion
Commonwealth
Recovery
Priority: 5
Recovery Plan Title: Ilex cooki and Cyathea dryopteroides Recovery Plan
None
11.
specified.
7.
None
1
specified.
8.
12.
Recovery Achieved:
A/1990
13. Information Current as of: July
1990
312
Large-flowered fiddleneck
1.
430
10.
Listing/Date:
Endangered/May
8,
1985
3. 4. 5. 6.
Major Activity Since Last Report: and one new population introduced and monitored.
Group: Plants
Species Status: Improving
11.
second pop-
Recovery
Priority: 5
Title:
Recovery Achieved:
Recovery Plan
Fiddleneck
Recovery
August
23,
1990
7.
8.
Recovery Plan Stage/Date: A/June 18, 1987 Recovery Objective/Criteria: Downlist when known populations secure with 2,500 plants and at least 4 new populations are established for 10 consecutive years
9.
431
(Erigeron rhizomatus)
Listing/Date: Threatened/April
26, 1985
Group: Plants
Species Status: Stable
Recovery
Priority: 8
Title:
Sawtooth Area of Critical Environmental Concern primarily for management of Zuni fleabane.
11.
Recovery Plan
Zuni
Recovery Plan Stage/Date: F/September 30, 1988 Recovery Objective/Criteria: Delist. Survey all potential habitat, establish permanent monitoring, and implement a management plan. Demonstrate
long-term population
stability.
Recovery Achieved: 2
27,
1990
313
MacFarlane's four-o'clock
1.
10.
Searched potential
Listing/Date:
habitats for
more
plants; continued
Group: Plants
Species Status: Improving
4. 5.
6.
studies; collect
Recovery
Priority:
propagules; insect
studies continued;
outplantings of rhi-
zome
materials; seed
7.
viability studies.
Thought
to
be
in
extinct,
11.
8.
rediscovered
populations
Idaho.
in
1977.
is
now known
9.
12.
Recovery Achieved: 2
when
a total of 10 colonies
more
ity.
any combinations of 10, in each of 2 geographically distinct and isolated populations) are protected and managed to as(5 colonies, or
1990
433
1.
Johnston's frankenia
9.
(Frankenia johnstonii)
2.
Listing/Date: Endangered/August
7,
1984
Recovery Objective/Criteria: Downlist or delist. (New populations have been found in the lower Rio Grande valley and this
3. 4. 5. 6.
Group: Plants
Species Status: Improving
previously thought.)
10.
Recovery
Priority: 5
Title: Johnston's
None
11.
Recovery Plan
Recovery Achieved:
8.
26, 1990
314
Hawaiian gardenia
1.
434
10.
The
Listing/Date: Endangered/August
21, 1985
Major Activity Since Last Report: State constructed two enclosures around two known wild trees on Oahu for protection and
regeneration purposes.
The
State
3.
Group: Plants
Species Status: Stable
4. 5. 6. 7.
Recovery
Priority:
Molokai.
Recovery Plan
Title:
Pending
11.
1
None
8.
Recovery Achieved:
9.
August
1990
Geocarpon
Species: Geocarpon {Geocarpon minimum)
Listing/Date: Threatened/June 16,
10.
by
1987
Group: Plants
Species Status: Stable
Recovery
11. Priority: 13
Title:
Recovery Plan
Pending
Major Activity Over Next Reporting Period: Emphasis will be placed on the development of
the recovery plan. Additional sur-
funding becomes
U
12.
available.
Recovery Achieved:
June
1990
315
436
1.
Sandplain gerardia
10.
2.
Listing/Date:
Endangered/September
3. 4.
5.
7,
1988
to transfer a
Group: Plants
Species Status: Stable
Recovery
Priority:
5C
Sandplain
cultivation.
Recovery Plan
Title:
limiting factors.
11.
with landowners.
1
12.
Recovery Achieved:
oped
and
1990
storage.
437
1.
Tumamoc
globeberry
globeberry
biological opinion issued in 1986
for the Central
Species:
Tumamoc
{Tumamoca macdougalii)
2.
Arizona Project
Listing/Date: Endangered/April
26, 1986
3. 4.
Group: Plants
Species Status:
no net
loss or
Unknown
1
5. 6.
7.
Recovery
Priority:
Recovery Plan
Title:
Pending
8.
Section 7 consultation.
9.
Recovery Achieved:
10.
Major Activity Since Last Report: The Bureau of Reclamation purchased two parcels of land and
payed
for a survey for the species
25,
1990
316
Beautiful goetzea
1.
438
9.
Recovery Objective/Criteria:
Downlist. Reverse the decline and
stabilize to self-sustaining condi-
Listing/Date: Endangered/April
19,
1985
lations
3. 4. 5.
and
their habitats
popuand
at
Group: Plants
Species Status: Declining
establishing
new populations
Puerto Rico.
Recovery
Priority: 5
10.
Major Activity Since Last Report: Research project has been conducted by a graduate student.
Recovery Achieved:
8.
1990
439
tions
must be determined
to
be
(Solidago spithamaea)
2.
self-sustaining.
Listing/Date: Threatened/March
28, 1985
10.
3. 4. 5. 6.
Group: Plants
Species Status:
Unknown
Recovery
on
Priority: 8
Recovery Plan Title: Recovery Plan for the Blue Ridge Goldenrod
11.
site;
research
toring and
Recovery Achieved:
June
when
1990
have been protected and two additional populations have been found or reestablished; popula-
317
440
1.
Houghton's goldenrod
10.
(Solidago houghtonii)
2.
1988
3. 4. 5. 6.
Group: Plants
Species Status: Stable
11.
new
populations.
Recovery
Priority: 8
new
populations.
1
7.
8.
27,
1990
9.
Agency
measurable recovery
441
1.
Short's goldenrod
10.
(Solidago shortii)
2.
Listing/Date:
known occurrences
life
for
Endangered/September
3. 4.
5.
5,
1985
protection, studied
history
and
ini-
Group: Plants
Species Status: Stable
Recovery
Priority: 8
for
8.
demographic
requirements
12.
studies,
and
9.
26, 1990
rently
318
White-haired goldenrod
1.
442
10.
(Solidago albopilosa)
2.
None
11.
Listing/Date: Threatened/April 7,
1988
3. 4.
5. 6. 7.
None
Group: Plants
12.
Recovery Achieved:
Recovery
June
26, 1990
Recovery Plan
Pending
8. 9.
Recovery Objective/Criteria: To
delist the species; recovery criteria
Miccosukee gooseberry
1.
443
10.
(Ribes echinellum)
2.
The two
1985
3.
Group: Plants
Species Status: Stable
Recovery
Priority:
14
The one site in South owned and managed by that State. The other site in Florida is privately owned and managed with an agreement with The Nature Conservancy.
protected.
Carolina
is
Recovery Plan
Title:
NA
11.
What
appears
be a
NA
12.
1990
319
444
1. 2.
Hillebrand's gouania
lished for 10 years, the species
(Gouania hillebrandii)
Listing/Date:
10.
9,
may be
1984
11.
delisted.
Endangered/November
3.
None
Major Activity Over Next
Reporting Period: None
anticipated.
Group: Plants
Species Status: Stable
4. 5. 6.
Recovery
Priority: 8
12.
Recovery Achieved:
August
1990
7.
8.
9.
Remove
threats
from
cattle graz-
500 reproductive
When 5
estab-
become
445
1.
2.
Listing/Date: Endangered/April
26, 1978
road vehicle
traffic
was
signifi-
3.
4. 5.
Group: Plants
Species Status: Stable
Recovery
Priority: 7
continue.
11.
6.
7.
Major Activity Over Next Reporting Period: The permanent transects should be monitored
again in 1991.
8.
12.
Recovery Achieved: 2
August
1990
9.
Major Activity Since Last Report: of Land Management monitored permanent transects in
The Bureau
320
Solano grass
1.
446
10.
Major Activity Since Last Report: is on California Nature Conservancy lands and is
Entire population
2.
Endangered/September 28,
3.
4. 5.
978
11.
Group: Plants
Species Status: Stable
Recovery
Priority:
2
Delta Green
12.
6.
Title:
Recovery Achieved: 3
1990
7.
Recovery Plan Stage/Date: F/September 11, 1985 Recovery Objective/Criteria: Downlist when 2 populations grow within 2 vernal pools for 10
years; delist
9.
when
3 populations
for 15
447
Species:
Listing/Date:
Group: Plants
Species Status:
downlist.
4.
5.
Unknown
10.
Recovery
Priority: 8
6.
The Plan
sets forth
man-
agement
7.
8.
9.
manage
habitat.
visitor traffic
12.
Recovery Achieved: 2
Management
of the
trail
1990
321
448
1.
Species:
Hole
at a
all
(Grindelia fraxinopratensis)
2.
minimum
level of
1 .4
feet
below
to his-
and
which
plant
1985
3.
ment presence of
species at
all listed
Group: Plants
Species Status: Stable
from detrimental human disturbances; document presence of all listed fish species, and Ash
which they
4. 5.
6.
Meadows
naucorid, in
all
springs
Recovery
Priority: 8
Title:
Recovery Plan
Ash
Meadows
7.
where they were historically present; document presence of Amargosa niterwort in all historic localities; establish and protect
refugia populations of Devil's
Ash Meadows
in
8.
Recovery Plan Stage/Date: F/September 28, 1990 Recovery Objective/Criteria: Downlisting all of following
followfor 5
Wildlife
9.
Major Activity Over Next Reporting Period: Implement Ash Meadows Species Recovery Plan.
Recovery Achieved: 2
conditions
met within
essential
sustaining populations of
Warm
12.
Eradicate
all
non-native plants
all
Ash Meadows Amargosa pupfish in addition to Ash Meadows speckSprings pupfish and
led dace;
September 1990
document presence
of
449
1.
Narrow-leaved haplostachya
9.
Species: Narrow-leaved
Listing/Date:
None
11.
Group: Plants
Species Status: Improving
Hawaii plans
to
construct an en-
Recovery
Priority:
4
Pending
12.
6. 7.
Recovery Plan
Title:
Recovery Achieved:
August
8.
1990
322
Harperella
1.
450
10.
nodosum)
2.
Listing/Date:
Group: Plants
Species Status: Stable
was
11.
initiated.
4.
5. 6.
Recovery
Priority: 8
ments
in
7.
management
plans. Genetic
8.
studies.
Recovery Achieved:
9.
1990
Dwarf-flowered heartleaf
Species:
451
Dwarf-flowered
10.
None
11.
Listing/Date: Threatened/April
14,
1989
None
Group: Plants
Species Status:
Unknown
8
12.
Recovery Achieved:
Recovery
26, 1990
Recovery Plan
Title:
Pending
Recovery Objective/Criteria: To
delist the species; criteria for re-
323
9.
Recovery Objective/Criteria:
Delisting can be considered
been conducted
scribed
to
fire);
(the plant
to pre-
{Hudsonia montana)
2.
Listing/Date: Threatened/October
20, 1980
3. 4. 5.
Group: Plants
Species Status: Declining
Recovery
Priority:
6.
when: the five known populations are maintained at least at current levels and are self-sustaining; when species biology and site dynamics are sufficiently understood to assure effective long-term management and protection; protection and manage-
populations and
itoring.
continue mon-
11.
ment
12.
Recovery Achieved: 2
Service (owner of
species and
known
sites)
7.
habitat are
perma-
1990
nently protected.
10.
8.
been conducted, resulting in the discovery of one new population; existing populations have been monitored, documenting declines;
experimental management involving prescribed burning and cutting of
Hiquero de Sierra
1.
9.
Recovery Objective/Criteria:
Downlist/Stabilize to a self-sustaining status
(Crescentia portoricensis)
2.
Listing/Date:
when
at least four
Endangered/December 4, 1987
3. 4. 5. 6.
new
Group: Plants
Species Status: Declining
Recovery
Priority:
5
Crescentia
11.
Major Activity Since Last Report: None. Major Activity Over Next
Reporting Period: None specified.
Recovery Plan
Title:
12.
Recovery Achieved:
8.
A/1990
1990
324
Cook's holly
1.
454
Commonwealth
2.
Listing/Date: Endangered/June
16,
1990
3. 4.
Group: Plants
Species Status: Declining
11.
None
Major Activity Over Next
Reporting Period:
None
5. 6.
Recovery
Priority: 5
anticipated.
12.
Recovery Plan Title: Ilex cookii and Cyathea dryopteroides Recovery Plan
Recovery Achieved:
1990
7.
8.
A/1990
9.
Recovery Objective/Criteria:
Downlist/Stabilize the species to
a self-sustaining status
least
when
at
1.
9.
Recovery Objective/Criteria:
Reclassification to threatened status
3.
Group: Plants
Species Status: Declining
14.
||5.
6.
Recovery
Priority:
2
10.
7.
Major Activity Since Last Report: Acquisition of a site at Lake Apthorpe by The Nature Conservancy. Fish and Wildlife Service and the State of Florida
are planning habitat acquisition.
N8.
12.
Recovery Achieved: 2
1990
325
Species:
10.
Listing/Date: Endangered/August
11,
1977
3. 4.
5.
Group: Plants
Species Status: Improving
12.
move
feral animals.
1
Recovery Achieved:
August
Recovery
Priority: 8
1990
6.
7.
8.
9.
Dwarf lake
1.
iris
Major Activity Over Next
Reporting Period: Continue searches for new sites, continue
Species:
Dwarf lake
iris (Iris
11.
12.
Recovery Achieved:
lacustris)
2.
Listing/Date:
27, 1990
Group: Plants
Species Status: Stable
ery plan.
Recovery
Priority: 8
Title:
Recovery Plan
Pending
8. 9.
Recovery Objective/Criteria:
Delist. Criteria pending.
10.
Major Activity Since Last Report: team has been formed, and several meetings have been held. A draft plan will be out in
A recovery
Dwarf lake irises are native to the shores of Lake Huron and Lake Michigan. Development and road construction threaten the species.
326
Ash Meadows
1.
ivesia
led dace;
all
458
of
Species:
Ash Meadows
ivesia
tain
at
document presence
(Ivesia eremica)
2.
minimum
below
to his-
and
which
plant
1985
3.
4. 5.
Group: Plants
Species Status: Stable
disturbances;
of
all
from detrimental human document presence listed fish species, and Ash
naucorid, in
all
ment presence of
species at
all listed
that they
have
Meadows
springs
10.
historically occupied.
Recovery
Priority: 8
Title:
6.
Recovery Plan
Ash
Meadows
7.
Amargosa
Ash Meadows
niterwort in
all historic
localities; establish
and protect
Hole pupfish.
Delisting
Recovery Plan. Published Notice of Availability for public review in Federal Register. Monitoring of
extant plant populations within
8.
Wildlife
must be met
9.
and composition
habitat; estab-
within
Major Activity Over Next Reporting Period: Implement Ash Meadows Species Recovery Plan.
Recovery Achieved: 2
all critical
lish self-sustaining
populations of
12.
Warm
Ash
so
all
toric
September 1990
California jewelflower
Species: California jewelflower
10.
459
{Caulanthus californicus)
Listing/Date: Endangered/July
19,
1990
11.
Group: Plants
Species Status: Declining
Major Activity Over Next Reporting Period: The Bureau of Land Management will likely survey their lands for
this species
oil
be-
Recovery
Priority:
cause of potential
leasing conflicts.
and gas
Recovery Plan
Title:
Pending
12.
Recovery Achieved:
September 1990
327
460
1. 2.
(Hibiscadelphus distans)
Listing/Date: Endangered/April
29, 1986
3.
sited
Group: Plants
Species Status: Declining
maximum number
was
sited for
4.
5.
Recovery
Priority: 5
Title:
6. 7.
Recovery Plan
Pending
compare
sure.
effectiveness of enclo-
12.
8.
Recovery Achieved:
August
1990
9.
10.
None
461
1.
Ko'olau'ula
10.
None
11.
2.
Listing/Date:
Group: Plants
Species Status: Improving
construct an en-
from herbivores.
12.
Recovery
Priority:
Recovery Achieved:
Recovery Plan
Title:
Pending
August
1990
8.
9.
328
Koki'o
1.
462
10.
(Kokia drynarioides)
2.
None
11.
4,
Listing/Date:
Endangered/December
3. 4. 5. 6. 7.
1984
None
Group: Plants
12.
Recovery Achieved:
Recovery
Priority:
August
1990
Pending
Recovery Plan
Title:
8.
9.
Cooke's koki'o
1
463
1.
Species:
10.
cookei)
12.
Major Activity Since Last Report: plant has been grafted onto Kokio kauaietisis in
suit-
Listing/Date:
Group: Plants
Species Status: Stable (captive
propagation)
FY
4.
5. 6. 7.
Recovery
Major Activity Over Next Reporting Period: The reintroduction project will continue.
Priority: 5
Title:
Recovery Plan
Pending
12.
Recovery Achieved:
August
1990
8.
9.
329
464
1.
Navasota ladies'-tresses
10.
(Spiranthes parksii)
2.
trans-
Listing/Date:
Endangered/May
1982
3.
Group: Plants
Species Status: Declining
4. 5.
6.
Recovery
Priority:
2
11.
Recovery Plan
Title:
12.
7.
Recovery Achieved:
26, 1990
8.
9.
465
1.
Hyan lagu
lagu (Serianthes)
10.
Species:
Hyan
(Serianthes nelsonii)
2.
None
11.
18,
Listing/Date:
Endangered/February
3. 4. 5.
1987
None
Group: Plants
Species Status: Stable
12.
Recovery Achieved:
Recovery
August
1990
Pending
6.
7.
Recovery Plan
8.
9.
330
San Clemente
1.
Island larkspur
466
Species:
San Clemente
Island
10.
11,1977
3. 4. 5.
Group: Plants
Species Status: Improving
12.
Recovery Achieved:
Recovery
Priority: 8
August
1990
7.
8.
9.
Recovery Objective/Criteria:
Eliminate threat from introduced
goats and pigs.
Crenulate lead-plant
1.
467
10.
{Amorpha crenulata)
2.
Fairchild Tropical
Major Activity Since Last Report: Garden is carthe Center for Plant Conservation.
Listing/Date: Endangered/July
18,
1985
Group: Plants
Species Status: Stable
attempting
to effec-
manage
population, which
in semi-nat-
Recovery
Priority:
5C
Recovery Plan
Species.
some possibly
suit-
Euphorbia
Recovery Achieved:
Recovery Objective/Criteria: Downlisting to threatened status could be considered if 10 populations were established and considered viable.
1990
331
468
1.
Alabama
leather flower
leather flower
10.
Species:
Alabama
(Clematis socialis)
2.
management technique
Listing/Date:
Group: Plants
Species Status: Stable
11.
AL.
5. 6.
Recovery
Priority:
be
7.
for
8.
Recovery Plan Stage/Date: F/December 27, 1989 Recovery Objective/Criteria: Downlist Protection and management of 10 viable and geographically distinct populations, each occupying a minimum of 1 acre.
Recovery Achieved:
June
1990
9.
469
1.
Minnesota trout
lily
lily
(Erythronium propullam)
2.
500 colonies in 15 sites are protected and managed over the entire
Listing/Date: Endangered/March
26,
1986
10.
3.
Group: Plants
Species Status: Improving
Woods
4.
5. 6.
Recovery
Priority: 8
in a
7.
Minnesota Department of Natural Resources and the Service. The Nature Conservancy continues to negotiate with several landowners
concerning the acquisition of their
property.
11.
8.
F/December
9.
Downlisting
protect
known
12.
sites.
managed
Recovery Achieved:
to insure
continued existence.
when
27,
1990
332
Nehe
1.
470
Species:
Nehe (Lipochaeta
10.
venosa)
2.
None
11.
Listing/Date:
Group: Plants
Species Status: Stable
Recovery
Priority: 5
Title:
Recovery Achieved:
Recovery Plan
Pending
August
7.
1990
8.
9.
471
2.
Listing/Date: Endangered/April
26,
1978
3.
Group: Plants
Species Status: Stable
bers, with
tality
4. 5. 6.
recruitment occurring.
Recovery
Priority:
8C
Recruitment
to
appears
I
be a
an
may be
1
tied to years
Island liveforever
off
Is
restricted to
7.
The number of
8.
also
may
vary with
annual
rainfall.
such as goats, rabbits, have wreaked havoc on the liveforever Although the goats and rabbits have been removed, the Fish and Wildlife Service has recommended the removal
California. Introduced species,
and other
plants,
9.
of
all
Expand
plant to
tat
95%
on the
island.
monitoring.
12.
10.
Major Activity Since Last Report: A report was recently issued reviewing the results of a 5 year monitoring program funded by U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service
Recovery Achieved:
February 1990
333
Fassett's locoweed
1.
10.
chartacea)
2.
Listing/Date: Threatened/
Major Activity Since Last Report: A contractor was selected to prepare a recovery plan by December 31, 1990. The Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources
has acquired a
site
with a large
Group: Plants
Species Status: Stable
11.
4. 5.
6.
Recovery
Priority: 9
continue
searches for
initiate
new
populations, and
distribute
char-
ulations.
Complete and
recovery plan.
12.
7.
Recovery Achieved:
8.
27,
1990
9.
Delist. Protect
473
1. 2.
Bradshaw's lomatium
10.
(Lomatium bradshawii)
Listing/Date:
11.
Group: Plants
Species Status:
Unknown
12.
Recovery Achieved:
Recovery
Priority: 8
Title:
August
23,
1990
Recovery Plan
Pending
Recovery Objective/Criteria:
Criteria being developed.
334
Rough-leaved loosestrife
1.
474
10.
{Lysimachia asperulaefolia)
2.
Major Activity Since Last Report: Major landowners have been contacted regarding protection of the
Listing/Date: Endangered/June
12,
1987
ment
3. 4. 5. 6.
Group: Plants
Species Status:
Unknown
conducted on several
sites
owned
Recovery
Priority: 8
Title:
Recovery Plan
Pending
11.
7.
management.
1
8. 9.
Recovery Achieved:
June
1990
Furbish lousewort
1.
10.
2.
Listing/Date: Endangered/April
26, 1978
population and
3. 4.
5.
i
Group: Plants
Species Status: Stable
eliminate
woody
vegetation
Recovery
Priority: 14
6.
population
stable
and possibly
slightly increasing.
11.
Recovery Objective/Criteria: Downlist / Protect and maintain the 28 known lousewort colonies, and establish 10 new reproducing populations on St. Johns River in Maine.
Major Activity Over Next Reporting Feriod: The activities mentioned above will continue. The focus will be on habitat protection and management.
Reclassification of the species
will
be considered.
12.
Recovery Achieved: 3
1990
335
476
1.
Scrub lupine
10.
aridorum)
2.
with
this species
during
its
Listing/Date: Endangered/April
7,
1987
3.
Group: Plants
Species Status: Declining
4. 5. 6.
Recovery
Priority:
2C
12.
ernment bodies
is
badly needed.
Recovery Achieved: 2
7.
1990
8.
9.
at the
prevent extinc-
A
its
is in
and residen-
tial
development.
477
1.
Kern mallow
10.
Species:
Kern mallow
(Eremalche kernensis)
2.
Listing/Date: Endangered/July
19,
1990
11.
3.
Group: Plants
Species Status: Declining
Land Management
vey
cause of potential
4.
Recovery
Priority:
2
Pending
12.
and gas
Recovery Plan
Title:
Recovery Achieved:
September 1990
336
Peter's Mountain
1.
mallow
478
mallow
(Iliamna corei)
2.
Listing/Date:
12,
Endangered/May
10.
1986
3.
Group: Plants
Species Status: Improving
4. 5.
6.
under negotiation by The Nature Conservancy. Other activities include population monitoring, ger-
Recovery
Priority: 5
Recovery Plan Title: Peter's Mountain Mallow (Iliamna corei) Recovery Plan
11.
7.
8.
Recovery Plan Stage/Date: F/September 28, 1990 Recovery Objective/Criteria: Downlist / A natural population
of a least
12.
propagation, establishment of
populations.
new
Recovery Achieved: 2
9.
50 clones
that is self-
1990
when two
Palma de manaca
Palma de manaca (Calyptronoma rival is)
Species:
Listing/Date:
10.
479
Threatened/February
6,
1990
11.
Group: Plants
Species Status: Declining
Recovery
Priority: 5
Title:
Recovery Plan
Pending
12.
Recovery Achieved: 2
1990
337
480
1.
pungens
known
in the
Listing/Date:
fifty plants
were established
Group: Plants
Species Status: Improving
4. 5.
6.
Recovery
Priority:
12
12.
continue.
Recovery Achieved: 2
7.
1990
8.
9.
Recovery Objective/Criteria: Downlist when the known population (which consists of one extant plant) is increased to
20+
4 additional
481
1.
Cooley's
meadowrue
meadowrue
10.
Species: Cooley's
(Thalictrum cooleyi)
2.
Major Activity Since Last Report: Major landowners have been contacted regarding protection of the
Listing/Date:
Endangered/February
3. 4.
5.
7,
1989
Group: Plants
Species Status:
Unknown
rights-of-
way
affecting populations;
Recovery
Priority: 2
Title:
6.
7.
Recovery Plan
Pending
8. 9.
U
11.
of the species.
described in #10, as
Recovery Achieved:
June
1990
338
482
10.
made
to
secure
many
11.
2.
Group: Plants
Species Status: Declining
remaining vernal
Recovery
Priority: 5
6.
Recovery Achieved:
August
7.
1990
8.
9.
and
their
483
which
docuof
all
Species:
level in Devil's
Hole
at a
minito his-
led dace;
all
document presence of
mum level of
habitat
.4 feet
below
and
1985
3. 4. 5. 6.
Group: Plants
Species Status: Stable
from detrimental human disturbances; document presence of all listed fish species, and Ash
ment presence
species at
listed plant
which they
Meadows
naucorid, in
all
springs
10.
Recovery
Priority: 8
Title:
(
j
Recovery Plan
Ash
Meadows
7.
where they were historically present; document presence of Amargosa niterwort in all historic localities; establish and protect
refugia populations of Devil's
Ash Meadows
Hole pupfish.
Delisting
Recovery Plan. Published Notice of Availability for public review in Federal Register. Monitoring of
extant plant populations within
8.
Wildlife
must be met
9.
ing conditions
tial
and composition
habitat; estab-
within
Meadows
12.
all critical
populations of
Recovery Achieved: 2
Eradicate
non-native plants
all
Warm
Ash
September 1990
339
484
1.
Heliotrope milk-vetch
distribution. Potential threats are
(Astragalus montii)
2.
Listing/Date:
Threatened/November
3.
1987
11.
Group: Plants
Species Status:
4. 5. 6.
7.
Unknown
Recovery
Priority: 17
Title:
human
is
activities.
A recovery plan
Recovery Plan
Pending
needed but is a lower priority, and is unplanned for the next reporting period.
12.
8.
Recovery Achieved:
1990
9.
10.
Major Activity Since Last Report: The Forest Service and the Fish and Wildlife Service are conducting population monitoring studies.
This species
is
a small
485
1.
Jesup's milk-vetch
ditional populations,
least
each with
at
100 individual
plants.
Listing/Date: Endangered/June 5,
10.
1987
3. 4.
Group: Plants
Species Status: Stable
and
life
5.
6.
Recovery
Priority: 12
Recovery Plan Title: Jesup's MilkVetch (Astragalus robbitisii var. jesupi) Recovery Plan
recovery plan.
11.
7.
for
8.
Demographic
stud-
be conducted. Habitat
F/November21, 1980
9.
Recovery Objective/Criteria: Stabilize. Protect and maintain the three known populations and
their essential habitat along the
Recovery Achieved:
1990
340
Mancos milk-vetch
1.
486
Species:
Mancos milk-vetch
10.
(Astragalus humillimus)
2.
Listing/Date: Endangered/June
27, 1985
3.
Group: Plants
Species Status: Declining
which may be
the result
One
4.
5.
new
Recovery
Priority:
5C
6.
Department of
7.
Agriculture.
8.
9.
Recovery Achieved:
27, 1990
Osterhout milk-vetch
Species: Osterhout milk-vetch
10.
487
(Astragalus osterhoutii)
Listing/Date: Endangered/July
13,
Major Activity Since Last Report: Seeds were collected and viability
tests were conducted in 1989. Germination tests are being conducted on seeds collected in
1989
Group: Plants
Species Status: Declining
11.
1990.
Recovery
Priority:
proposed
Muddy Creek
Reservoir
to
be drafted
in
Recovery Achieved: 2
1990
341
488
1.
Small's milkpea
9.
Recovery Objective/Criteria:
Reclassification to threatened status
(Galactia smallii)
2.
Listing/Date: Endangered/July
18,
can be considered
if
10
self-
1985
3.
Group: Plants
Species Status: Declining
species were secured. Delisting could be considered if 20 such populations were secured.
4. 5. 6.
Recovery
Priority:
5C
Recovery
10.
None
11.
Recovery Plan
Species.
Title:
None
is
confirmed
to
occur
at the
Richmond
toidea.
the endangered
Euphorbia
del-
8.
Recovery Achieved:
1990
489
1.
Mead's milkweed
milkweed
ing the total in Missouri to 46.
Species: Mead's
(Asclepias meadii)
2.
There
is
sites in
Listing/Date:
Missouri.
Threatened/September
3. 4. 5. 6. 7.
1,
1988.
11.
Group: Plants
Species Status: Stable
Recovery
Priority: 8
Title:
Recovery Plan
Pending
ness
among and between populabe initiated, and will be funded by the Fish and
tions will
jointly
8. 9.
The Missouri
10.
Major Activity Since Last Report: Recovery team has been formed, has met twice, and intends to have
a technical draft out soon.
12.
Recovery Achieved:
New
1990
population found
in
in
Iowa. Surveys
in the discov-
Missouri resulted
ery of 15
new
populations, bring-
342
Welsh's milkweed
1.
490
The
to assist the State
Species: Welsh's
milkweed
10.
(Asclepias welshii)
2.
Listing/Date: Threatened/October
28, 1987
The State of Utah has developed a management plan for this species,
including the designation of off-
3. 4. 5.
Group: Plants
Species Status: Declining
road vehicle (ORV) use zones; however, the plan is basically unenforceable due to difficulty of
controlling
12.
Recovery Achieved:
ORV use. A
third
Recovery
Priority:
5C
11.
1990
6.
7.
A recovery
8.
9.
Recovery Objective/Criteria:
ture population
Under development
or continuing threats or
disturbances.
Due
to the
species'
nated
Pink Sand Dunes), the plant is currently considered unrecoverable; however, the population is
protectable
if
active protection
Garrett's mint
1.
491
10.
(Dicerandra christmanii)
2.
Major Activity Since Last Report: The State has purchased habitat
similar to that occupied by this
species,
Listing/Date:
for
new
Group: Plants
Species Status: Declining
Recovery
Priority:
The Nature
is
6.
7.
11.
8.
9.
Recovery Objective/Criteria:
Reclassification to threatened status is possible
and Wildlife Service, State, The Nature Conservancy, or other private parties.
when
10 separate,
12.
Recovery Achieved:
maintained
1990
sites.
343
492
1.
Lakela's mint
10.
(Dicerandra immaculata)
2.
Listing/Date:
15,
Endangered/May
11.
Major Activity Since Last Report: A garden population has been established at Bok Tower Gardens
(Center for Plant Conservation).
1985
3.
Group: Plants
Species Status: Declining
None
4. 5. 6.
Recovery
Priority:
2C
Recovery
12.
Recovery Achieved:
Recovery Plan
Title:
1990
8.
9.
when 10
separate,
maintained
sites.
493
1.
Longspurred mint
10.
(Dicerandra cornutissima)
2.
investi-
Listing/Date:
Endangered/November
3.
1985
A new,
Group: Plants
Species Status: Declining
known
sites.
4. 5. 6.
Recovery
Priority:
2C
Recovery
Recovery Plan
Title:
have
sites
8.
9.
Recovery Achieved:
possible
when
10 separate,
1990
maintained
sites.
344
Scrub mint
1.
494
10.
frutescens)
2.
The
Listing/Date:
Endangered/November
3. 4. 5.
1985
species,
for
eventual establishment of
new
Group: Plants
Species Status: Declining
Recovery
Priority: 2
Title:
6.
Recovery Plan
Recovery
11.
at
is
by Fish and
8.
9.
Recovery Objective/Criteria:
Reclassification to threatened status is possible 12.
Recovery Achieved:
when
10 separate,
1990
maintained
sites.
Michigan monkey-flower
1.
495
Species: Michigan
monkeyvar.
10.
ment along
the shore of
Lake
Listing/Date: Endangered/June
21,
1990
11.
known occurrences
Reporting Period:
to
to 13.
3. 4. 5.
6. 7.
Group: Plants
Species Status: Stable
Recovery
Priority:
9C
12.
Recovery Plan
Title:
Pending
Recovery Achieved:
September 1990
8. 9.
Recovery Objective/Criteria:
Delist
345
496
1.
graphical areas.
2.
The
Major Activity Since Last Report: Driftless Area acquisition program is under way in northeast
Iowa.
Group: Plants
Species Status: Improving
4.
5.
Recovery
Priority: 8
6.
Recovery Plan Title: Recovery Plan for Northern Monkshood (Aconitum noveboracense)
7.
8.
9.
Recovery Objective/Criteria: Delisting can be considered when one-half of the 109 known sites containing at least one -half of the known plants in each state are permanently protected and dis-
27, 1990
497
1.
Carter's mustard
10.
2.
Listing/Date: Endangered/January
21, 1987
3. 4.
5.
Group: Plants
Species Status: Declining
may
11.
Recovery
Priority:
6.
more
7.
Recovery Achieved:
1990
9.
of this plant
would
346
Slender-petaled mustard
1.
498
into several
{Thelypodium stenopetahtm)
2.
meadow
10.
is
1984
3.
Group: Plants
Species Status: Declining,
partially
meadow
4.
due
to
drought
5. 6. 7.
Recovery
Priority:
5C
Pending
12.
1
Recovery Plan
Title:
Recovery Achieved:
8.
U/FY
August
1990
9.
Recovery Objective/Criteria:
Protect remaining populations
and expand
into adjacent
wet
meadow meadow
Valley.
persists within
25 acres of wet
Dwarf naupaka
1.
499
Species:
Dwarf naupaka
Endangered/May
10.
(Scaevola coriacea)
2.
None
11.
Listing/Date:
16,
1986
3. 4. 5. 6. 7.
Group: Plants
12.
Recovery Achieved:
Recovery
Priority:
August
1990
Pending
Recovery Plan
Title:
8.
9.
347
500
1.
Cobana negra
{Stahlia
10.
2.
Listing/Date: Threatened/April 5,
1990
3.
Group: Plants
Species Status: Stable
11.
4. 5.
6. 7.
None
Recovery
Priority:
4
Pending
12.
Recovery Plan
Recovery Achieved:
Title:
1990
8.
9.
501
1.
Amargosa
niterwort
niterwort
level in Devil's
Species:
Amargosa
Hole
1
at a
led dace;
document presence of
which
plant
(Nitrophila mohavensis)
2.
minimum
level of
.4 feet
below
to his-
all
Listing/Date:
20, 1985
Endangered/May
and
3. 4. 5. 6.
Group: Plants
Species Status: Stable
disturbances;
of
all
from detrimental human document presence listed fish species, and Ash
naucorid, in
all
ment presence of
species at
all listed
which they
Meadows
sent;
springs
10.
Recovery
Priority:
Recovery Plan
Title:
Ash
Meadows
7.
where they were historically predocument presence of Amargosa niterwort in all historic localities; establish and protect
Ash Meadows
Hole pupfish.
Delisting
8.
Recovery Plan Stage/Date: F/September 28, 1990 Recovery Objective/Criteria: Downlisting when all of follow-
Wildlife
must be met
9.
ing conditions
tial
and composition
habitat; estab-
within
Major Activity Over Next Reporting Period: Implement Ash Meadows Species Recovery Plan.
Recovery Achieved: 2
all critical
lish self-sustaining
Eradicate
non-native plants
all
populations of
12.
Warm
Ash
September 1990
348
Hinckley's oak
1.
502
10.
2.
Listing/Date: Threatened/August
26,
doing
1988
3. 4. 5. 6. 7.
Group: Plants
Species Status: Declining
cally
Recovery
Priority: 8
Title:
Recovery Plan
Pending
Heritage Program
is
interested in
how much
occurring.
11.
genetic
swamping
is
8.
9.
12.
Recovery Achieved:
26, 1990
503
11.
Listing/Date: Threatened/
new
occurrences, com-
Group: Plants
Species Status: Stable
Recovery Achieved:
Recovery
Priority: 8
Title:
27,
1990
Recovery Plan
Pending
8. 9.
Delist. Criteria to
10.
The eastern
which
in
it
has
due February
Historically
1,
in
depends has disappeared. known from 15 states and Canada, has been reduced to sites
it
7 states.
349
504
1.
Western
Listing/Date: Threatened/
Major Activity Since Last Report: A recovery team has been formed, and has been asked to complete a recovery plan by January 1, 1992. Major Activity Over Next
Reporting Period: Complete recovery plan, continue searches for
Group: Plants
Species Status: Stable
Recovery
new
Priority: 8
Title:
Recovery Plan
Pending
12.
populations.
Recovery Achieved:
8.
9.
27, 1990
Recovery Objective/Criteria:
Delist. Criteria being developed.
505
1.
Palo de Nigua
Nigua (Cornutia
9.
Species: Palo de
Recovery Objective/Criteria:
Delisting/ To establish three additional populations of
in protected areas
obovata)
2.
Listing/Date: Endangered/April
7,
each species
1988
such as the
sites
Commonwealth
Forest Reserves.
3. 4. 5. 6.
Group: Plants
Species Status:
Privately-owned population
Unknown
10.
should be protected.
Recovery
Priority: 5
None
11.
Recovery Plan Title: Cornutia obovata and Daphnopsis hellerana Recovery Plan
None
7.
12.
Recovery Achieved:
8.
1990
350
Palo de
1.
Ramon
506
Species: Palo de
vanderbiltii)
Ramon {Banara
10.
2.
Listing/Date:
11.
14,
Endangered/January
3. 4.
1987
None
Group: Plants
Species Status: Declining
12.
Recovery Achieved:
5.
6.
Recovery
Priority: 5
1990
7.
8.
A/1990
9.
Recovery Objective/Criteria:
Downlist. Reverse the decline and
stabilize to self-sustaining condi-
tion
new populations
at
Rico.
Carter's panicgrass
1.
507
10.
{Panicum carteri)
2.
None
11.
12,
Listing/Date:
Endangered/October
3. 4. 5. 6. 7.
1983
Group: Plants
Species Status: Stable
to
begin planting
improve distribution.
1
Recovery
Priority:
12.
Recovery Achieved:
Recovery Plan
Title:
Pending
August
1990
8.
9.
351
508
1.
Beautiful
pawpaw
pawpaw
10.
Species: Beautiful
(Deeringothamnus pulchellus)
2.
The
state
has declined
to
purchase
Listing/Date:
decision
11.
may be reversed.
None
Group: Plants
Species Status: Declining
4. 5. 6.
Recovery
Priority:
2
12.
Recovery Achieved:
7.
1990
8.
9.
Recovery Objective/Criteria: This species can be considered for reclassification to threatened status
when 10
self-sustaining popula-
509
1.
Four-petal
pawpaw
pawpaw
Savannah's State Reserve. State
is
Species: Four-petal
(Asimina tetramera)
2.
Hobe Sound
National
Group: Plants
Species Status: Declining
State
Recovery
Priority:
Light
7.
Company
saved several
8.
population.
9.
Hope
to estab-
more populations
established.
10.
are protected or
12.
Recovery Achieved:
some
suitable
1990
352
Rugel's
1.
pawpaw
510
Species: Rugel's
pawpaw
rugelii)
9.
(Deeiingothamnus
2.
Listing/Date:
when 10
self-sustaining popula-
Group: Plants
10.
Recovery
Priority:
2
11.
None
7.
anticipated.
Recovery Achieved:
1990
511
9.
2.
Listing/Date: Endangered/August
8,
10.
1990
3. 4. 5. 6.
Group: Plants
11.
Recovery
Priority:
5C
Pending
12.
Recovery Plan
Title:
Recovery Achieved:
7.
September 1990
8.
353
512
1.
McKittrick pennyroyal
more
plants than were previously
(Hedeoma apiculatum)
2.
thought.
10.
1982
3. 4.
5. 6.
mapped
additional
Group: Plants
Species Status: Stable
Recovery
Priority: 8
None
7.
12.
Recovery Achieved: 2
8.
26,
1990
9.
Recovery Objective/Criteria:
Delist
lot
work on
and found
limestone
cliffs.
513
1.
Todsen's pennyroyal
10.
(Hedeoma
2.
todsenii)
Listing/Date: Endangered/January
19,
Major Activity Since Last Report: Surveys are being conducted by the State and Bureau of Land
1981
Management
to
discover
additional populations
3. 4. 5. 6.
on the
Group: Plants
Species Status: Improving
Mountains.
Two new
populations
Recovery
Priority: 8
August.
11.
7.
new
populations
1
8.
Recovery Achieved:
9.
Recovery Objective/Criteria: Downlist. Protect habitat from degradation and manage for
healthy populations.
27,
1990
354
Blowout penstemon
1.
514
(Penstemon haydenii)
2.
Listing/Date:
Endangered/September
3.
1,
1987
11.
growth and establishment; developing propagation techniques; and characterizing the environmental requirements and life history of this species.
Group: Plants
Species Status: Stable
4. 5.
6.
Recovery
Priority:
11C
Commission
tus, ecology,
and propagation of
The
7.
be com-
pleted in
12.
FY
90.
1
8.
Recovery Achieved:
9.
1990
10.
Commission
is
currently
mapping
Wheeler's peperomia
1.
515
10.
(Peperomia wheeleri)
:
2.
Listing/Date:
11.
14,
Endangered/January
3.
1987
None
Group: Plants
12.
4.
5.
Recovery Achieved:
Recovery
1990
6.
7.
8.
A/1990
9.
Recovery Objective/Criteria:
Downlist/Stabilize to self-sustaining condition, protecting the existing
habitats
355
516
1.
Clay phacelia
10.
pur-
and will be reevaluated as part of a recovery plan revision. Biology and ecology studies will continue
as will habitat inventories to iden
tify additional
2.
Listing/Date:
Endangered/September 28,
3.
978
Group: Plants
Species Status: Declining
populations.
on
the repro-
Recovery
Priority:
6.
Brigham Young
Recovery Achieved:
7.
1990
The
8.
9.
Recovery Objective/Criteria:
Downlist. Establish a self-sustaining population of 2,000-3,000 individuals on 120 acres of
horticultural
at
new
Utah
population.
considered insufficient
517
1.
Listing/Date:
Endangered/September
3.
1982
been developed by Colorado Natural Areas Program, Bureau of Land Management, and the
Service.
Group: Plants
Species Status:
4.
5.
Unknown
11.
Recovery
Priority: 5
Title:
A study
FY
of the
6.
Recovery Plan
North Park
will
be completed in
90. This
on
8.
F/March 2 1,1986
9.
propagation techniques.
12.
Recovery Achieved: 2
5 occurrences of approximately
secure 10
1990
addi-
500 mature
356
Swamp
Species:
bullata)
pink
518
Swamp pink
(Helonias
2.
Listing/Date:
Threatened/September
9,
1988
10.
sites in
7 states).
Group: Plants
Species Status: Stable
Recovery
Priority:
7C
ment
Recovery Plan
Title:
Swamp Pink
11.
under way.
sites
Recovery Plan Stage/Date: T/May, 1990 Recovery Objective/Criteria: Delist / 1. Permanent protection
secured for
sites that are viable,
Recovery Achieved:
1990
number
of sites will be
519
to this
Listing/Date:
population on private
Endangered/November
Group: Plants
7,
1979
11.
property.
Recovery Achieved:
Recovery
Priority: 3
26, 1990
357
520
1.
Alabama canebrake
10.
pitcher-plant
Species:
Alabama canebrake
alabamensis)
Listing/Date: Endangered/March
10,
1989
11.
on
their property.
3.
Group: Plants
Species Status: Declining
4.
5.
Major Activity Over Next Reporting Period: Emphasis will be on the development of a recovery plan.
Recovery
Priority: 6
Title:
6.
7.
Recovery Plan
Pending
1990
8.
9.
Recovery Objective/Criteria: To
be determined.
Green pitcher-plant
1.
Species:
Green
pitcher-plant
(Sarracenia oreophila)
2.
by seedling estab-
lishment.
Listing/Date:
10.
Group: Plants
Species Status: Improving
Major Activity Since Last Report: Ongoing recovery activities include prescribed bums to manage habitat and improve vigor of
colonies, transplantation experi-
Recovery
Priority: 8
ments, monitoring of
all
protected
7.
Mountain
area,
and
a seed preda-
8.
management
activities.
9.
tion/management of 15 colonies,
including at least 3 colonies in the
The green
species,
4 geographically
tions; attain
be conducted
to
search for
new
an insectivorous dependent on wetlands, many of which have disappeared due to drainage and filling. This species is now found only in a small section of Alabama and Georgia.
pitcher plant,
is
bog
20%
cover; flatwoods
5%
12.
Lake Chatuge
new
13. Information Current as of:
June
1990
Recovery Achieved: 2
358
sustaining or permanently
protected.
Listing/Date:
Recovery
Priority: 3
Title:
Recovery Plan
Plant
Recovery
South Carolina populations have been acquired and are being protected; research is underway to determine necessary management; monitoring and studies of population demography are under way.
implementation of management.
12.
8.
Recovery Achieved:
9.
June
1990
when
at least
4 populations
total) are self-
Scrub plum
1.
Species: Scrub
plum (Primus
sidered
if
20 viable populations
geniculata)
2.
are protected at a
sites.
minimum
of 5
Listing/Date: Endangered/January
21, 1987
10.
Group: Plants
Species Status: Declining
recently-purchased Lake
Recovery
Priority:
management plan
oped with the assistance of The Nature Conservancy. Purchase of populations at Saddle Blanket Lakes and Catfish Creek (by the
State)
11.
is
underway.
in the
planning
on
Recovery Achieved: 2
a
13. Information Current as of: July
minimum
of
sites,
with
sites in
1990
359
populations in
10.
10,
New England.
2.
Listing/Date:
Endangered/September
3. 4. 5.
6.
1982
Group: Plants
Species Status: Improving
11.
Demographic
studies. Habitat
protection.
Recovery
Priority: 14
Title:
Recovery Plan
Small
8.
Recovery Achieved: 3
9.
Recovery Objective/Criteria: Downlist The establishment or location, and subsequent protection, of 30 populations (sites) consisting of at least 20 individu-
1990
als
sites
Tiny polygala
1.
10.
2.
Listing/Date: Endangered/July
18,
1985
3.
Group: Plants
Species Status: Stable
4. 5. 6.
Recovery
Priority:
5C
Recovery
Recovery Plan
Species.
Title:
None
7.
12.
Recovery Achieved:
1990
9.
can be considered
if
10 self-
secured.
360
Pondberry
1.
11.
2.
Listing/Date: Endangered/July
31, 1986
FY 90.
1
3. 4.
Group: Plants
Species Status:
12.
Recovery Achieved:
Unknown
26, 1990
Recovery
Priority: 8
Title:
Recovery Plan
Pending
Recovery Objective/Criteria: To
delist the species; recovery criteria
10.
None
Sacramento prickly-poppy
1.
10.
The
to
Forest Service
is
continuing
Listing/Date: Endangered/August
24, 1989
The
Forest Service
is
de-
3. 4.
5. 6.
7.
Group: Plants
Species Status:
Unknown
Recovery
Priority: 3
Title:
Recovery Plan
Pending
new
populations. Review
and
12.
Recovery Achieved:
8. 9.
29,
1990
361
Species: Texas
poppy mallow
10.
(Callirhoe scabriuscula)
2.
Dr.
Listing/Date: Endangered/January
13, 1981;
August
6,
1981
final report
Group: Plants
Species Status: Declining
It
4. 5. 6.
be successfully used
this rare species.
to
propagate
Recovery
Priority:
2
11.
Unknown
at
7.
12.
Recovery Achieved:
8.
F/March29, 1985
9.
26,
1990
Recovery Objective/Criteria:
Stabilize.
Price's potato-bean
11.
1.
(Apios priceana)
2.
Listing/Date: Threatened/January
5,
1990
3. 4.
Group: Plants
Species Status: Declining
Major Activity Over Next Reporting Period: Emphasis will be placed on the development of the recovery plan. Key landowners will be contacted and encouraged to protect populations on their property. If funding becomes available, surveys will be
conducted
to
5. 6. 7.
Recovery
Priority: 8
Title:
Recovery Plan
Pending
12.
sites.
Recovery Achieved:
June
8. 9.
1990
10.
No
action taken.
362
Fragrant prickly-apple
1.
530
10.
(Cereus eriophorus
2.
var. fragrans)
Listing/Date:
Major Activity Since Last Report: Garden propagation underway at Bok Tower Gardens. Research on
the species' population biology
Endangered/November
3.
4. 5. 6.
1,
1985
Group: Plants
Species Status: Declining
Recovery
Priority: 3
Title:
Recovery Plan
Cactus.
Recovery
Recovery Achieved:
7.
1990
8.
9.
his-
St.
1.
Thomas
prickly-ash
531
Species: St.
Thomas
prickly-ash
sites in
{Zanthoxylum thomasianum)
2.
Virgin Islands.
10.
Listing/Date:
None
11.
Group: Plants
Species Status: Declining
4. 5. 6.
Recovery
Priority:
2C
12.
Recovery Achieved:
Recovery Plan Title: St. Thomas Prickly-ash (Zanthoxylum thomasianum) Recovery Plan
1990
7.
8.
9.
lations
363
Maguire primrose
1.
(Primula maguirei)
2.
Listing/Date: Threatened/August
21, 1985
3. 4. 5.
6.
Group: Plants
Species Status: Declining
implemented to protect the species habitat from degradation; and ensuring that the Section 9 process and Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora
erly
is
is
very
reintroduction potential.
is
The
properly utilized
to
protect the
Recovery
Priority:
5C
10.
commercial exploitation.
purpose of documenting
7.
most
stable population
is
vulnera-
8.
Recovery Plan Stage/Date: F/September 1990 Recovery Objective/Criteria: Stabilize by ensuring that all populations are identified and
included in management plans
ment
project in
Logan Canyon,
Horticultural propagation
may be
considered.
12.
9.
and Fish and Wildlife Service are conducting population surveys and moniSociety, Forest Service,
Recovery Achieved: 2
A recovery
September 1990
very
is
prop-
Black-spored quillwort
1.
10.
2.
Listing/Date:
Major Activity Since Last Report: All populations were visited and censused by the individual
preparing the recovery plan.
Endangered/February
3. 4.
5.
5,
1988
11.
Group: Plants
Species Status: Declining
Recovery
Priority: 5
Title:
6.
7.
Recovery Plan
Pending
Major Activity Over Next Reporting Period: Emphasis will be placed on the development of the recovery plan. Key landowners will be contacted and a monitoring program will be initiated if
funds
become
available.
1
12.
Recovery Achieved:
8.
9.
1990
364
Mat-forming quillwort
1.
11.
2.
Listing/Date:
Major Activity Over Next Reporting Period: Emphasis will be on the development of the recovery plan. Anticipate contacting key landowners to encourage
their cooperation in the protection
Endangered/February
3. 4. 5. 6. 7.
5,
1988
Group: Plants
Species Status: Stable
Recovery
Priority: 8
Title:
Recovery Plan
Pending
12.
ated.
Recovery Achieved:
8.
1990
9.
10.
upcoming
recovery plan.
Hairy rattleweed
1.
10.
2.
Listing/Date: Endangered/April
26, 1978
Major Activity Since Last Report: Permanent plots established; nursery-grown plants transplanted
(1987).
3.
Group: Plants
Species Status: Declining
11.
4.
5.
Recovery
Priority: 8
6.
Recovery Achieved:
7.
1990
8.
F/March
9.
possible
when
four self-sustaining
365
Chapman's rhododendron
1.
Species: Chapman's
Hosford population
continues
to
cover
Listing/Date: Endangered/April
24,
1979
200 acres with at least 500 plants; 3) the Gulf County (Port
St.
Joe) population
3.
4.
Group: Plants
Species Status: Declining
continues to occupy
at least
with
at least
5. 6.
Recovery
Priority:
8C
Recovery
plants; 4) the
Recovery Plan
County population
continues
least
to
Title:
have
20
plants;
is
5) there
and a perma-
nent increase of
An evergreen of Florida, Chapman's rhododendron is threatened due to collecting and silvicultural practices. The species requires prescribed burns and the removal of invading hardwoods in order to survive. Landowners
in
in
protecting the
and 4
to
species.
8.
provide a
least
total of at
9.
dense 10-acre population near Hosford maintains itself; 2) the rest of the
be possible
None
11.
in 1987-1990
12.
Recovery Achieved:
if:
1) a
Camp
1990
Barneby ridge-cress
1.
10.
(=pepper-cress) (Lepidium
barnebyanum)
2.
Major Activity Since Last Report: listing protection under the Endangered Species Act.
Received
Listing/Date:
11.
Group: Plants
Species Status: Declining
12.
4.
5. 6. 7.
Recovery Achieved:
Recovery
Priority:
5C
Pending
Recovery Plan
Title:
September 1990
8.
9.
366
McDonald's rock-cress
1.
10.
(Arabis mcdonaldiana)
2.
Listing/Date:
11.
Group: Plants
Species Status: Stable
12.
Recovery Achieved: 3
Recovery
Priority:
2
13. Information Current as of: July
17,
1990
7.
8.
A/1985
9.
10.
{Arabis serotina)
2.
Major Activity Since Last Report: Ongoing population monitoring and site
Life history studies.
protection.
Listing/Date: Endangered/July
13,
1989
A technical
is
draft re-
covery plan
underway.
A rainy
3.
Group: Plants
Species Status: Stable
summer resulted
growth
xeric habitat.
in luxuriant
in the plant's
normally
4. 5.
6.
Recovery
Priority:
11.
moni-
and
site protection.
1
12.
Recovery Achieved:
Recovery Objective/Criteria: Downlist Secure habitat for 20 populations, each with an average
1990
367
540
1.
Palo de rosa
10.
(Ottoschulzia rhodoxylon)
2.
None
11.
1990
None
3. 4. 5. 6. 7.
Group: Plants
12.
Recovery Achieved:
Recovery
Priority: 5
12,
Title:
1990
Recovery Plan
Pending
8.
9.
541
1.
Slender rush-pea
10.
(Hoffmannseggia tenella)
2.
propagating
this species.
Listing/Date:
The
in
Endangered/November
3.
1,
1985
St.
Group: Plants
Species Status: Declining
4.
5.
Bishop Cemetery.
11.
Recovery
Priority:
Recovery Achieved:
26, 1990
368
Large-fruited
1.
sand verbena
10.
Listing/Date:
Group: Plants
Species Status: Declining
Major Activity Since Last Report: at the Mercer Arboretum in Humble, Texas, is propagating this species from seed and has submitted a report on his progress to the Corpus
Steve Young
Christi Field Office.
Recovery
Priority:
11.
Recovery Plan
Title:
Pending
working on a recovery plan for this species and may have a draft
available later on this
fall.
Recovery Achieved:
9.
26,
1990
Lanai (or
1.
iliahi)
sandalwood
'iliahi)
sandal-
10.
None
11.
lanaiense)
Listing/Date:
Recovery Achieved:
Group: Plants
Species Status: Stable
August
4. 5.
1990
Recovery
Priority: 12
Title:
6.
7.
Recovery Plan
Pending
8.
9.
369
544
1.
Cumberland sandwort
10.
Species:
Cumberland sandwort
(Arenaria cumberlandensis)
2.
None
11.
Listing/Date: Endangered/June
23, 1988
None
3.
Group: Plants
Species Status:
4.
5. 6. 7.
Unknown
12.
Recovery Achieved:
June
Recovery
Priority: 8
Title:
26, 1990
Recovery Plan
Pending
8. 9.
Recovery Objective/Criteria: To
delist the species; recovery criteria
Species:
Diamond Head
schiedea
10.
(Schiedea adamantis)
2.
None
11. 17,
Listing/Date:
Endangered/February
3. 4.
1984
None
Group: Plants
12.
Recovery Achieved:
5. 6.
7.
Recovery
Priority: 2
Title:
August
1990
Pending
Recovery Plan
8.
9.
370
Navajo sedge
1.
546
specuicola)
2.
term
10.
stability of
known
sites.
Listing/Date: Threatened/May 8,
1985
3. 4. 5. 6.
Group: Plants
Species Status:
number
of previously
unknown
Unknown
11.
populations of
this species.
Recovery
Priority: 8
No
actions are
7.
8.
1990
9.
Delist/Criteria include
known
development in
Species:
Mauna Kea
siiversword
11.
('Ahinahina) {Argyroxiphium
sandwicense
2.
ssp. sandwiceiise)
Listing/Date: Endangered/March
21, 1986
12.
3.
4. 5.
Group: Plants
Species Status: Stable
Recovery Achieved:
1
Recovery
Priority: 9
as of: August
1990
6.
7.
Mauna Kea
endemic
to the Island of
8. 9.
Hawaii. It is believed that the introduction of species such as goats, sheep, pigs, and cattle was a major cause in its decline. In one recovery effort, silverswords are being grown in nurseries for planting in the wild.
Island of Hawaii.
10.
None
371
548
1.
Large-flowered skullcap
10.
montana)
11.
None
Major Activity Over Next
Reporting Period:
anticipated.
2.
Listing/Date: Endangered/June
20, 1986
None
3. 4. 5.
6. 7.
Group: Plants
Species Status:
Unknown
12.
Recovery Achieved:
Recovery
26, 1990
Recovery Plan
Pending
for
8.
9.
Recovery Objective/Criteria: To
delist the species; recovery criteria
549
1.
Snakeroot
tions at 2 or more sites in Highlands or Polk Counties.
10.
cuneifolium)
2.
Listing/Date:
Group: Plants
Species Status: Declining
Major Activity Since Last Report: Acquisition of a site at Lake Apthorpe by The Nature Conservancy. Fish and Wildlife Service and the State of Florida
are planning habitat acquisition.
Recovery
Priority:
2
11.
6.
7.
12.
Recovery Achieved:
1990
8.
9.
Recovery Objective/Criteria:
Reclassification to threatened status
372
Texas snowbells
1.
10.
texana)
2.
Listing/Date:
Endangered/October
3.
1984
high mortality
among
seedlings
Group: Plants
Species Status: Declining
through the
4.
5.
cages.
Recovery
Priority:
6.
7.
8.
Recovery Achieved:
26,
1990
9.
Virginia spiraea
1.
10.
Habitat protection
efforts are
2.
1990
3.
Group: Plants
Species Status: Declining
A recovery
4.
5.
Recovery
Priority: 8
Title:
6. 7.
Recovery Plan
Pending
tion,
Recovery Achieved:
9.
Recovery Objective/Criteria: Stabilize. This is an interim objective. Maintain all known populations and protect all known
sites.
September 1990
373
Slender-horned spineflower
1.
10.
Listing/Date:
Group: Plants
Species Status: Declining
5. 6.
7.
Recovery
Priority:
4C
Pending
August
Recovery Plan
Title:
1990
8.
U/FY
9.
Recovery Objective/Criteria:
Eliminate threats from water storage, flood control, recreational
Deltoid spurge
1.
be considered
ssp. del-
if
20 such popula-
(Chamaesyce deltoidea
toidea)
10.
2.
Listing/Date: Endangered/July
18,
1985
3.
Group: Plants
Species Status: Declining
4. 5. 6.
management
of pinelands with
at the
Recovery
Priority:
6C
Recovery
Euphorbia deltoidea
former
Richmond
Station,
Recoveiy Plan
Species.
Title:
which
now
divided
among
7.
for
8.
at
9.
can be considered
if
10
self-
1990
374
Narrow-leaved stenogyne
1.
10.
var.
None
11.
2.
Listing/Date:
an en-
Group: Plants
Species Status: Stable
4. 5. 6. 7.
Recovery
Priority:
Recovery Achieved:
Recovery Plan
Title:
Pending
August
1990
8.
9.
Michaux's
1.
sumac
Species: Michaux's
sumac (Rhus
10.
michauxii)
2.
Listing/Date:
Major Activity Since Last Report: Landowners of major populations have been contacted regarding protection of the plant on their
lands; research is being conducted by volunteers on population demography and genetics; reintroduction efforts are under way in Georgia to reestablish an
Group: Plants
Species Status:
4.
5. 6. 7.
Unknown
2
Pending
11.
Recovery
Priority:
Recovery Plan
extirpated population.
Title:
described in #10, as
8. 9.
management.
12. Recovery Achieved:
1
1990
375
Species:
Delisting
following
criteria
10.
must be met
Ash Meadows
corrugata)
2.
1985
3. 4.
and composition
habitat; estab-
within
all critical
Group: Plants
Species Status: Stable
lish self-sustaining
populations of
Wildlife
Warm Springs
addition to
pupfish and
Ash
5. 6.
Recovery
Priority:
Recovery Plan
Title:
Ash
led dace;
all
Meadows
7.
Major Activity Over Next Reporting Period: Implement Ash Meadows Species Recovery Plan.
Recovery Achieved: 2
and
12.
ment presence of
species at
all sites
all listed
8.
September, 1990
which they
9.
all
of following
essential
met within
Eradicate
all
non-native plants
all
Hole
1
at a
minimum
level of
.4 feet
below
to his-
disturbances;
of
all
from detrimental human document presence listed fish species, and Ash
naucorid, in
all
Meadows
springs
where they were historically present; document presence of Amargosa niterwort in all historic localities; establish and protect
refugia populations of Devil's
Hole pupfish.
Endemic to Ash Meadows, Nevada, the Ash Meadows sunray is one of 1 2 endangered species found
in
the area.
and diversions
Fish and Wildlife Service established the Ash Meadows National Wildlife Refuge
for the
purpose
of
conserving these
species.
376
Pitcher's thistle
1.
first
2.
1988
3. 4. 5. 6.
7.
Group: Plants
11.
Recovery
Priority: 8
Title:
Recovery Plan
Pending
and monitor
known
12.
areas.
1
Recovery Achieved:
8. 9.
27,
1990
10.
expected
by
late
initiate a
landowner contact/pro-
tection program.
The National
Sacramento Mountains
1.
thistle
10.
{Cirsium vinaceum)
2.
1987
3. 4.
Major Activity Since Last Report: Study by New Mexico State University continues on competition between Cirsium vinaceum and teasel. Major Activity Over Next Reporting Period: Complete competition study. Review and finalize recovery plan.
Group: Plants
11.
Recovery
Priority: 2
Title:
Recovery Plan
Pending
12.
Recovery Achieved:
29,
1990
Recovery Objective/Criteria: Develop management that will ensure permanent protection from primary threats of grazing and competition with exotic weeds.
Delist.
377
Species:
10.
None
Major Activity Over Next
Reporting Period:
Listing/Date:
None
Endangered/September
3. 4. 5.
6. 7.
18,
1990
12.
anticipated
Group: Plants
Species Status: Declining
Recovery Achieved:
August
Recovery
Priority:
6C
Pending
23, 1990
Recovery Plan
Title:
8.
9.
560
1.
Florida torreya
rity.
2.
Listing/Date: Endangered/January
23, 1984
10.
The Center
Arboretum,
for Plant
3. 4. 5.
Group: Plants
Species Status: Declining
establishing a culti-
Recovery
Priority: 5
Title:
Florida
program of research
into
smoke
combined
for
8.
preserves,
underway.
9.
Recovery Objective/Criteria: Produce a genetically diverse collection of healthy trees in cultivation to preserve a representative
12.
gene pool. Attempt reintroduction when there is reason to believe the trees would survive to matu-
Recovery Achieved:
1990
378
Last
1.
Chance townsendia
on lands with formal
that
561
and from
Species: Last
Chance townsendia
tions occur
from mining
activities; additional
(Townsendia aprica)
2.
management designations
habitat.
Listing/Date: Threatened/August
21, 1985
3. 4. 5. 6.
Group: Plants
Species Status:
10.
Unknown
5C
Recovery
Major Activity Since Last Report: Department of Agriculture's Bee Biology Laboratory has begun research in the pollination
US
man
12.
use of habitat.
1
Recovery Achieved:
Priority:
The
1990
monitoring studies of
this species.
7.
The
State
Arboretum
begun
to raise plants
A draft
8.
9.
A
is
Recovery Objective/Criteria:
Stabilize-Ensure the habitat
degradation,
11.
completed.
document
a total
population of at least 30,000 individuals, demonstrate that 6 separate populations of at least 2,000
on
individuals each
is
maintained,
and ensure
that
4 of the 6 popula-
Major
Pygmy
1.
fringe tree
Species:
Pygmy fringe
tree
10.
(Chionanthus pygmaeus)
2.
recently-purchased Arbuckle
Listing/Date:
management
Group: Plants
Species Status: Declining
Recovery
Priority:
2
11.
Nature Conservancy. Purchase of population at Saddle Blanket Lakes by State is under way.
cal assistance of the
6.
chase of populations
at
Catfish
7.
Creek by
State. Possible
purchase(s) of population(s) by
8.
Recovery Achieved: 2
1990
populations on a
minimum
of
379
Persistent trillium
1.
Recovery Objective/Criteria:
Delisting or downlisting (plan
11.
2.
Listing/Date: Endangered/April
26, 1978
when
at least
75%
of the
implementation of appropriate
known
plants of persistent
12.
management techniques.
Recovery Achieved: 2 June
3.
4.
Group: Plants
Species Status: Stable
management
5.
6.
Recovery
Priority: 8
1990
made
storage
7.
for
8.
Major Activity Since Last Report: Additional populations have been searched for, with a few additional
colonies being found; population
F/March27, 1984
been deposited
age
facilities.
in
longterm
stor-
564
1.
Relict trillium
10.
reliquum)
2.
None
11.
1988
3.
Group: Plants
Species Status: Declining
12.
Recovery Achieved:
4.
5. 6.
Recovery
Priority: 8
Title:
June
26, 1990
Recovery Plan
Recovery
8.
9.
Recovery Objective/Criteria:
Delist
when
12 self-sustaining
380
(Physaria obcordata)
Listing/Date:
Threatened/February
6,
1990
Group: Plants
Species Status: Stable
12.
mining.
Recovery Achieved:
Recovery
6.
7.
Priority: 14
Title:
Recovery Plan
Pending
1990
8.
9.
10.
Final listing
Uhiuhi
1.
10.
{Mezoneuron kavaiense)
2.
Listing/Date: Endangered/July 8.
1986
3.
ing trees at
Puuwaawaa from
grazing ungulates.
fire
break
Group: Plants
Species Status: Declining
4.
5. 6. 7.
Recovery
Priority: 2
Title:
None
Recovery Plan
Pending
12.
anticipated.
Recovery Achieved:
August
8.
1990
9.
381
Hawaiian vetch
1.
will
be working
in several areas
One
is
of the primary
the protection of
that
may
2.
Listing/Date: Endangered/April
26,
recovery goals
habitat.
11.
1978
10.
3.
4. 5. 6.
Group: Plants
Species Status: Stable
Recovery
Priority:
Major Activity Since Last Report: At least two parcels of land have been identified for acquisition or management, Keauhou/Kilauea (Bishop Estate) and State land at
Kulani.
tion has
filled in
12.
Recovery Achieved:
August
1990
7.
8.
erative
9.
A coopagreement has been signed with the State Department of Corrections to develop a management plan at Kulani. The State
land from Bishop Estate.
filled several posi-
has recently
ery objectives. Interim objectives
are to identify, secure, and maintain all existing populations
management
of natu-
and
9.
(Erysimum capitatum
tatum)
2.
var. angiis-
Listing/Date: Endangered/April
26,
number
lished.
1978
10.
3. 4. 5. 6.
Group: Plants
Species Status: Stable
Recovery
Priority:
6
11.
Recovery Plan Title: Recovery Plan for Three Endangered Species Endemic to Antioch Dunes, California
7.
12.
Recovery Achieved: 2
wallflower
is
found
in
known
California. Portions
8.
1990
have been purchased by the Fish and Wildlife Service and managed as Antioch Dunes National Wildlife Refuge. Two other endangered
of the wallflowers' habitat
in
382
Wide-leaf warea
1.
10.
2.
Listing/Date: Endangered/April
26, 1987
property
3. 4. 5.
Group: Plants
Species Status: Declining
11.
Recovery
Priority:
2C
Pending
12.
Recovery Achieved:
6.
Recovery Plan
Title:
7.
1990
8.
9.
Krai's water-plantain
1.
570
10.
None
11.
2.
Listing/Date: Threatened/April
13,
1990
3.
Group: Plants
12.
4.
5.
Recovery Achieved:
Recovery
Priority:
5C
Pending
1990
6.
7.
Recovery Plan
Title:
8. 9.
383
571
1.
Cooley's water-willow
11.
re-
2.
Listing/Date: Endangered/July
27, 1989
12.
Recovery Achieved:
3.
Group: Plants
Species Status:
4.
5. 6.
Unknown
1990
Recovery
Priority: 8
Title:
Recovery Plan
Recovery
Willow.
U
for
8. 9.
10.
Papery whitlow-wort
1.
10.
(Paronychia chartacea)
2.
Listing/Date: Threatened/January
21, 1987
3.
Group: Plants
Species Status: Declining
4.
5. 6.
Recovery
Priority: 8
11.
plant.
7.
for
8.
Recovery Achieved: 3
F/January29, 1990
9.
1990
Recovery Objective/Criteria:
Delisting can be considered
when
384
Clay-loving wild-buckwheat
1.
10.
Major Activity Since Last Report: The biological opinion was completed on the
Listing/Date: Endangered/July
13,
AB
Lateral Project
1984
3.
4. 5.
Group: Plants
Species Status: Stable
11.
plants
Recovery
Priority: 5
Major Activity Over Next A taxonomic study comparing this species with
Reporting Period:
E. clavellatum will begin in
6.
FY
7.
taxonomic relationship.
12.
Recovery Achieved:
8.
1990
9.
tions (sites).
Gypsum
1.
wild
buckwheat
habitat
on Bureau of Land
land.
Management (BLM)
status of the
The
2.
1981
3. 4.
Group: Plants
Species Status: Stable
5.
6.
Recovery
Priority: 8
(USDA) and
repro-
New
7.
populations through
tract.
USDA
con-
8.
F/March30, 1984
9.
12.
Recovery Achieved: 2
27,
10.
1990
An
been accomplished
385
Texas wild-rice
1.
9.
texana)
2.
11.
Marcos River
jective
is
and criterion
be
3. 4. 5.
6.
Group: Plants
Species Status: Declining
10.
sion underway.
among
begin
to
Recovery
Priority:
2C
San Marcos
Major Activity Since Last Report: Monthly monitoring of Texas wild-rice continued and the location of wild-rice plants through-
maintenance.
12.
Recovery Achieved:
Title:
7.
remapped
project).
in July
1990 (Section 6
1990
River
Management
Plan
is
8.
and outline management and protection needs. Aquifer water user groups have been meeting to try to develop a water use plan
threats
agreeable to
all.
Hopefully, this
Malheur wirelettuce
1.
10.
{Stephanomeria malheurensis)
2.
Listing/Date:
Endangered/November
3. 4. 5. 6.
10,
1982
11.
Group: Plants
Species Status:
and
chemical
Unknown
2
12.
analysis.
Recovery
Priority:
Recovery Achieved:
August
23,
1990
7.
for
8.
9.
Recovery Objective/Criteria: Wild and newly established populations are protected and maintain themselves for a period of time determined by recovery
action.
386
Wireweed
1.
Species:
Wireweed {Potygonella
basiramia)
2.
Listing/Date:
when
at
Group: Plants
Species Status: Declining
10.
is
protected in
4.
5. 6.
Recovery
Priority: 2
Catfish Creek
species.
benefiting this
7.
planning pos-
8.
species.
Recovery Achieved: 3
9.
1990
When
the identifica-
tions of plants
is
confirmed, and
management
Hoover's woolly-star
1.
10.
{Eriastrum hooveri)
2.
1990
3.
11.
Group: Plants
Species Status: Declining
Major Activity Over Next Reporting Period: The Bureau of Land Management likely will survey their lands for
cause of potential
this species
oil
4.
be-
Recovery
Priority:
and gas
Recovery Plan
Title:
Pending
12.
Recovery Achieved:
September 1990
387
iff
Species: Santa
10.
Major Activity Since Last Report: Continued negotiations with the Corps of Engineers (Corps), and
miners
to
eliminate threats.
life
Listing/Date:
Group: Plants
Species Status: Declining
11.
Corps.
4. 5. 6.
7.
Recovery
Priority:
6C
12.
Recovery Plan
Title:
Pending
Recovery Achieved:
August
1990
8.
U/FY
9.
Recovery Objective/Criteria:
Eliminate threat from flood control, off -road
580
1.
Species:
Listing/Date: Endangered/July
19,
1990
Plan
may
affect
some
habitat
3. 4. 5. 6.
7.
Group: Plants
Species Status: Declining
Kern Water Bank area for the The Bureau of Land Management likely will survey
the
species.
their lands for this species
Recovery
Priority:
Recovery Plan
Title:
Pending
12.
1
because of potential
leasing conflicts.
oil
and gas
Recovery Achieved:
8.
September 1990
9.
10.
388
Florida ziziphus
1.
581
10.
(Ziziphus celata)
2.
The
Listing/Date: Endangered/July
27,
where
1989
Bok Tower
3.
Group: Plants
Species Status: Declining
Gardens
is
successfully propagat-
4.
5. 6.
Plant Conservation.
Recovery
Priority: 5
11.
Plant Species.
7.
Recovery Achieved:
1990
8.
9.
minimum
viable pop-
389
by
Common Name
no species
391
Species
Account
Number
343
118
Species
Achyranthes splendens
var.
Listed
rotundata (=Chaff-flower)
As
Ae'o
(=Stilt,
Hawaiian)
344
547
51
Agave, Arizona
'Ahinahina (Mauna
Kea
silversword)
52
53
54
345
Akiapola'au (honeycreeper)
Akoko, Ewa
Plains
60
66
346
Amphianthus,
little
310
137
347 348
Arrowhead, bunched
Aster, decurrent false
Aster, Florida golden Aster,
349
350
351
Avens, spreading
Barberry, Truckee
352
353
1
Bariaco
Bat, gray Bat, Hawaiian hoary Bat, Indiana Bat, Bat,
little
E E E E E E E E E E E T E E E T E E E E E E
E E
2
3
4
5 6
7 8 9
Mariana
fruit
fruit
Mariana
Bat,
Mexican long-nosed
Bat,
Ozark big-eared
E E E E
E E T
10
Bear, grizzly or
brown
354
355
Bear-poppy, dwarf
Beardtongue, Penland
Beauty, Harper's
Beetle,
E E
carrion)
356
320
321
322
323
324
325
Beetle, Tooth
Cave ground
326
357
358 359
361
Bidens, cuneate
Birch, Virginia round-leaf
Birds-beak,
salt
marsh
360
Birds-beak, palmate-bracted
E E T E T T E T E E E E E
392
Species
Account
Number
362
Species
Bittercress, small-anthered
Listed
E E E T E E T T T E E E T E E E T E E E E T E E T E E E E T E E E E E E E E E T T T E E E T
As
419
55
364
366
365 363 367
Bladderpod, lyrate
Ash Meadows
368 369
370
371
138
Bluet,
Roan Mountain
Boa,
Mona
139
140
56
372
373
57
Bonamia, Florida
Boxwood,
Broadbill,
Vahl's
Guam
Island
374
375
376
377 378 327 328 329
bay checkerspot
Butterfly, El
Segundo blue
metalmark
Butterfly, Lange's
330
331
332
333
Oregon
silverspot
334
335
Butterfly,
Butterfly,
San Bruno
elfin
Schaus swallowtail
336 379
380
381
382
383
384
385
Mm.
hedgehog
386
387 388
Key
tree
Cactus, Knowlton
389
390
393
Species
Account
Number
391
Species
Cactus, Lloyd's hedgehog Cactus, Lloyd's Mariposa Cactus,
Listed
E
T T
As
392
393
Mesa Verde
394
395
396
Cactus, Peebles Navajo Cactus, San Rafael Cactus, Siler pincushion Cactus, Sneed pincushion Cactus, spineless hedgehog
Cactus, Tobusch fishhook
397 398
399
400
401
402
403
58
11
E E E E E E E E T
E T E E T E T T E T E E E E T E T E E E T T T
E
Caribou, woodland
404
179
180
181
Cavefish, Cavefish,
Alabama
Ozark
405
343
Centaury, spring-loving
Chaff-flower, round-leaved (=Achyranthes splendens)
423 406
182
189
183
Chub, bonytail Chub, bonytail (=Pahranagat roundtail) Chub, Borax Lake Chub, Chihuahua Chub, humpback Chub, Hutton Chub, Owens
tui tui
184
185
186
187 188
Chub, Mohave
tui
189
190
191
192
193
194
407 408
Chumbo, higo
Cinquefoil, Robbins'
Cliff-rose,
409
Arizona
410
59
411
Condor, California
Coneflower, Tennessee purple
Coot, Hawaiian (='alae-ke'oke'o)
60
168
12
Coqui, golden
Cougar, eastern
E T E E E E E E T E
394
Species
Account
Number
412
61
Species
Coyote-thistle,
Listed
Loch Lomond
As
62
311
Cave
312
313
63
64
65
Oahu (=alauwahio)
413
141
Cress, toad-flax
142
66
67
195
68
Curlew, eskimo
Cycladenia, Jones
414
415
196 197
198
199
Dace, desert Dace, Foskett speckled Dace, Independence Valley speckled Dace, Kendall
E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E T E E T E T
T E E E T E E E T E E T E T E T T E E E E E E E
200
201
202
203
Warm
Springs
Dace,
Moapa
416
417 418 204
205
Daisy, lakeside
Daisy, Maguire
amber
Darter, bayou
206
Maryland
210
211
Niangua
Okaloosa
212
213
Darter, slackwater
Darter, snail
214
Darter, watercress
419
13
14
Deer, key
420
421
69
Dogweed, ashy
Dropwort, Canby's
395
Species
Account
Number
70
15
Species
Duck, Laysan
Listed
E E
E,T
As
Dugong
Eagle, bald
71
422
423
Erubia
424
425
426
72
73
74
75
76
271
Fanshell
272
Fatmucket, Arkansas
Fern, Aleutian shield Fern,
427
428
American harts-tongue
429
16
430
77 78
Fiddleneck, large-flowered
Finch, Laysan (honeycreeper) Finch, Nihoa (honeycreeper)
431
Fleabane. rhizome
Four-o'clock, MacFarlane's
432
17
E T E E T E E E T E E T E T E E E E E T E E
E E E E E E E T
E E E T T E T
433
215
216
217 218
434
143
Gecko, Monito
435
Geocarpon minimum
Gerardia, sandplain
(=Sci.
Name)
Globe-berry,
Tumamoc
440
441
442
79
80
443
444
445
Dune
446
Grass, Solano
E E T E E E
396
Species
Account
Number
447
448 449
Species
Groundsel, San Francisco Peaks
Listed
T T E E E E E T T T T E E E E T E E E T T E T E E T E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E T T
As
van angustifolia)
449 450
340
81
Haplostachys haplostachya
Harperella
var.
angustifolia
Hawk, Hawaiian
(io)
451
Heartleaf, dwarf-flowered
452
273
407 453
Higo chumbo
Higuero de Sierra
Holly, Cook's
454
82
455
144
Mona ground
456
543
81
(Lanai sandalwood)
Io (Hawaiian
Iris,
hawk)
457
314
315
dwarf lake
458
19 18
Ash Meadows
Jaguarundi Jaguarundi
Jay,
83
Florida scrub
459
Jewelflower, California
460
219
84
85 69
Pahrump
Kingfisher,
Guam Micronesian
461
462
463
tree cotton)
464
465
Lagu, Hyan
Larkspur, San Clemente Island
Lead-plant, Crenulate
469
Minnesota
trout
470
471
145
146 147
397
Species
Account
Number
148
Species
Lizard, St. Croix ground
Listed
E T E E E E E E T E E T E E E T T E E E E E T T E E E E T T E T E E E E T T E E E T E E E E
As
472
220
221
Locoweed,
Fassett's
473
Lomatium, Bradshaw's
Loosestrife, rough-leaved
474
475
Lousewort, Furbish
Lupine, scrub
476 222
223
Madtom, Neosho
Madtom, Scioto Madtom, smoky
224
225
86
Madtom, yellowfin
Mallard, Mariana
Mallow, Kern
Manaca, palma de
479
20
Palma de Manaca
Manatee, West Indian (Florida)
Manzanita, Presido (=Raven's)
480
481
87
Meadowrue, Cooley's
Megapode, Micronesian (La
Mesa-mint, San Diego
Milk-vetch,
Perouse's)
482
483
Ash Meadows
484
485
486
487 488 489
Mancos
Milk-vetch, Osterhout
Milkpea, Small's
Milkweed, Mead's
Milkweed, Welsh's
Millerbird,
490
88
226
491
Minnow, loach
Mint, Garrett's (=scrub, in part)
492
493
494
89
Monarch, Tinian
496
495
90
91
Moorhen Moorhen
(gallinule), (gallinule),
Hawaiian
337
21
22
23
24
398
Species
Account
Number
25
Species
Mouse, Perdido Key beach
Listed
E E T E E E E E E E E E E T E T E E E E E E E T E T T T T E E E E E E E E E
E E E
As
26
27
Mouse,
salt
marsh harvest
274
275
279
276
277
278 279
497 498
434
338
Meadows
499
Naupaka, dwarf
Negra, cobana
500
470
92
=Sci.
Name)
505
501
93
Amargosa
Nukupu'u (honeycreeper)
'O'o, Kauai (= 'O'o A'a)(honeyeater)
94
95
'O'u (honeycreeper)
502
28
Oak, Hinckley
Ocelot
Orchid, eastern prairie fringed Orchid, western prairie fringed
Otter, southern sea
503
504
29 96
97
505
506 507
30
98
Ramon
Panicgrass, Carter's
Panther, Florida
Parrot, Puerto
Parrotbill,
Rican
99
Maui (honeycreeper)
508 509
510
280
281
Pearly mussel,
Alabama lamp
282
283
284
285
Pearly mussel, cracking Pearly mussel, Cumberland bean Pearly mussel, Cumberland monkeyface
286
E E E E E
399
Species
Account
Number
287 288
Species
Pearly mussel, Curtis'
Pearly mussel, dromedary
Listed
E E E E E E E E E
As
289
290
291
292
293
294
295
paw
296
297 298 299
E
E E
E E E E E T E E E E E E E E E E T E E E E T
E,T
paw
300
100
101
brown
(California plan)
Pelican,
511
512
513
514
515
102
Penstemon, blowout
Peperomia, Wheeler's
Petrel,
Hawaiian dark-rumped
516 517
103
301
302
303
Pigtoe, rough
Pigtoe, shiny
518 519
Pink,
swamp
Alabama canebrake
mountain sweet
520
521
Pitcher-plant,
Pitcher-plant, green
522
104
105
Pitcher-plant,
523
106
Plum, scrub
Po'ouli (honeycreeper)
304
305
Pocketbook,
fat
Pocketbook, speckled
Pogonia, small whorled
Polygala, tiny
524
525
Pondberry
Poppy, Sacramento prickly
Poppy-mallow, Texas
Potato-bean, Price's
Prairie-chicken, Attwater's greater
E E E E E E E E E T E
400
Species
Account
Number
31
Species
Prairie dog,
Listed
T
E E T E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E T E E E E E E E E T E T T E E E T E E E E
As
Utah
530
531
Prickly-apple, fragrant
Prickly-ash, St.
Thomas
532
32
Primrose, Maguire
Pronghom, Sonoran
Pseudoscorpion, Tooth Cave
Pupfish,
Pupfish,
341
227
228 229
Pupfish, desert
230
231
Leon Springs
232
233
Owens
Warm
Springs
533
534
33
Rabbit,
Lower Keys
108 109
110
111
Guam
Yuma
clapper
Rail,
34
35
36 37
38 149
Rat,
Rattlesnake,
New
535
Rattleweed, hairy
536 537
306
Rhododendron, Chapman
Ridge-cress (=pepper-cress),
Riffle shell, tan
Bameby
538
Rock-cress,
McDonalds
539 540
541
169 170
171
Rosa, palo de
Rush-pea, slender Salamander, Cheat Mountain Salamander, desert slender Salamander, Red Hills Salamander, San Marcos Salamander, Santa Cruz long-toed
Salamander, Shenandoah Salamander, Texas blind
*
172
173
174
175
Salmon, chinook
542
543
Sand-verbena, large-fruited
Sandalwood, Lanai
Ciliahi)
544
545
Sandwort, Cumberland
Schiedea,
Diamond Head
401
Species
Account
Number
234
Species
Sculpin,
Listed
T T E T E T T T E T
As
pygmy
Caribbean
monk
fur *
Seal,
Seal,
Guadalupe
Hawaiian
monk
546 262
112
Sedge, Navajo
Shagreen, Magazine Mountain
Shearwater, Newell 's Townsend's
Shell, stirrup
307 235
Shiner, beautiful
Shiner,
236
Cape Fear
E
T T E E E E T T E T T T E T T E T E T T E T T T E
E E E
237
39
113
Shrew, Dismal
Shrike,
Swamp southeastern
316
317 318 319
238
547
150
151
Silversword,
Skink, sand
Skipper,
339
Pawnee montane
548
263
Skullcap, large-flowered
Snail, Chittenango ovate
amber
264
265 266
Iowa Pleistocene
species)
270
152
153
mountain
Snake, Atlantic
salt
marsh
Snake, Concho water Snake, eastern indigo Snake, San Francisco garter
154
155
549
Snakeroot
Snowbells, Texas
Sparrow, Cape Sable seaside Sparrow, dusky seaside
Sparrow, Florida grasshopper Sparrow, San Clemente sage
Spider, Tooth
550
114
115
E
E
116
117
T
E
342
239
Cave
Spikedace
Spinedace, Big Spring
240
241
T T T
402
Species
Account
Number
242
Species
Spinedace, White River
Spineflower, slender-homed
Listed
E E E E T E T E E T E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E T E T E E E
E,T
As
552
308 309
551
243
244
245
White River
553
Spurge, Delta
423
246
Spurge, Garber's
Squawfish, Colorado
Squirrel, Carolina northern flying Squirrel, Squirrel,
40
41
42
43
Mount Graham
red
554
247
118
Stenogyne angustifolia
var. angustifolia
Hawaiian (=Ae'o)
119
Stork,
wood
248
249
Sturgeon, pallid
Sturgeon, shortnose *
Sucker, June
Sucker, Lost River
250
251
Sucker,
Modoc
252
253 555
Sumac, Michauxs
Sunray,
556
120
121
Ash Meadows
Mariana gray (=Vanikoro)
Swiftlet,
122
123
Sacramento Mountains
Wyoming
254 560
156
157 127
gopher
T T E E E E E T E E E T T T
403
Species
Account
Number
561
Species
Townsendia, Last Chance
Tree,
Listed
T E E E T E T T T T E T
E,T
As
562
563
pygmy
fringe
Trillium, persistent
564
255 256
Trillium, relict
Trout,
Apache
Trout, Gila
Trout, greenback cutthroat Trout, Lahontan cutthroat
257
258 259
Trout, Little
Kern golden
260
158 159
Alabama
red-bellied
musk
160
161
162
163
Kemp's
Turtle, leatherback sea Turtle, loggerhead sea Turtle, olive (Pacific) ridley sea Turtle,
164
165
E E E T
E,T
166
167
Plymouth red-bellied
Turtle, ringed
sawback
565
E T T
E E E
566
120
567
128
129
44
45
Amargosa
Mexican
E E E
E E E E E E E T E E E E E E E E E E E
Vole, Hualapai
568
130
131
132
133
Warbler (wood),
Warea, wide-leaf
K inland's
569
570
571
Water-plantain, Krai's
Water-willow, Cooley's
Whale, blue
* *
Whale, Sei
Whale, sperm *
92
134
404
Species
Account
Number
572
573
Species
Whitlow-wort, papery
Listed
T E T E E E
E,T
As
Wild-buckwheat, clay-loving
574
575 576
Wild-buckwheat, gypsum
Wild-rice, Texas
Wire-lettuce,
Malheur
577 46
47
Wireweed
Wolf, gray (Eastern Timber Wolf plan) Wolf, gray (Mexican Wolf plan) Wolf, gray (Rocky Mtn. plan) Wolf, red
48 49
135
136
50
578 579
Hoover
E E E E E E T
E E E E
Woolly-star, Santa
Ana River
580
261
Woundfin
Ziziphus, Florida
581
405
Photo Credits
Page
3
Page
4 (Bottom)
Jerry
Ludwig
Commission
6 K. Taylor/North Carolina
Wildlife Resources
Service
7 (Bottom)
Bob Parenti/U.S.
Fish
203 U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service 208 U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service
Research Unit
93
Tom
310 MaryDeDecker
94 U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service 100 (Top)
WH. Julian
100 (Bottom) Leslie Fitzpatrick/U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service 104 U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service
124 Florida Audubon Society 132 EricForsman
133 James
P.
Mattison
152 DonBleitz 160 C. Kenneth Dodd, Jr./U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service
406
Clemson University
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