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  • Delta Modulation

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    Dharmendra Mehta
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    Delta modulation is a simpler modification of PCM that reduces bandwidth requirements. It works by transmitting only one bit per sample to indicate whether the present sample value is increased or decreased compared to the previous one. This approximates the input signal as a staircase signal using a fixed step size. At the receiver, an accumulator generates the staircase approximated signal which is then filtered to reconstruct the original signal. The key advantages of delta modulation are that it transmits only one bit per sample and has a simple transmitter and receiver design. However, it also introduces disadvantages like granular noise and over-slope noise distortion.

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    Advantages and Disadvantages

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    Delta modulation is a simpler modification of PCM that reduces bandwidth requirements. It works by transmitting only one bit per sample to indicate whether the present sample value is increased or decreased compared to the previous one. This approximates the input signal as a staircase signal using a fixed step size. At the receiver, an accumulator generates the staircase approximated signal which is then filtered to reconstruct the original signal. The key advantages of delta modulation are that it transmits only one bit per sample and has a simple transmitter and receiver design. However, it also introduces disadvantages like granular noise and over-slope noise distortion.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
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    Download as pdf or txt
    211 views3 pages

    Delta Modulation

    Uploaded by

    Dharmendra Mehta
    Delta modulation is a simpler modification of PCM that reduces bandwidth requirements. It works by transmitting only one bit per sample to indicate whether the present sample value is increased or decreased compared to the previous one. This approximates the input signal as a staircase signal using a fixed step size. At the receiver, an accumulator generates the staircase approximated signal which is then filtered to reconstruct the original signal. The key advantages of delta modulation are that it transmits only one bit per sample and has a simple transmitter and receiver design. However, it also introduces disadvantages like granular noise and over-slope noise distortion.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Flag for inappropriate content
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    Delta Modulation

    lecture(6)

    1.1.5 Disadvantages of PCM 1. The channel bandwidth is increased because of digital coding. 2. PCM systems are complex compared to analog pulse modulation methods. 1.1.6 Modifications of PCM 1. PCM is modified to delta modulation. It is more simple to implement. 2. The data rate is reduced by reducing the redundancy in the PCM output. 1.2 Delta Modulation As what has been sated before that the disadvantage of PCM is it requires large bandwidth to transmit because of coding each sample. To overcome this problem, Delta modulation is used. 1.2.1. Operating principle of DM Delta modulation transmits only one bit per sample. That is the present sample value is compared with the previous sample value and the indication, whether the amplitude is increased or decreased is sent. The input signal is approximated to step signal by the delta modulator. This step size is fixed. The difference between the input signal x(t) and the staircase approximated signal confined to two levels, i.e. +, -. If the difference is positive then the approximated signal is increased by +, if the difference is decreased then the approximated signal is decreased by -. A zero is transmitted for and a one is transmitted for +.
    Amplitude

    Binary Bit seq.

    1 1

    1 1 1 1

    1 0 1 0 0 0

    0 0

    0 1 time

    Figure .(6) Delta Modulation waveform

    Delta Modulation

    lecture(6)

    1.2.2 Delta modulation Transmitter Figure.(7), shows the modulator diagram. The summer in the accumulator adds quantizer output() with the previous sample approximation. The previous sample approximation u[(n-1)Ts] is restored by delaying one sample period Ts. The sampled input signal x(nTs) and staircase approximated signal is subtracted to get the error signal e(nTs).
    + -

    Input signal

    One bit Quantizer

    output signal

    e(nTs)

    u[(k-1)Ts]
    +

    Delay Ts

    u(kTs)

    Figure.(7). The delta modulation Transmitter

    Depending on the sign of e(nTs) one bit quantizer produces an output step of + or . If the step size is +, then binary '1' is transmitted. If the step size is -, then binary '0' is transmitted. 1.2.3 Delta modulation Receiver At the receiver, an accumulator and a low pass filter are used. The accumulator generates the staircase approximated signal output and is delayed by one sampling period Ts. It is then added up to the input signal. If the input is '1', then + is added to the previous output(which is delayed). If the input is binary '0'. Then one step is subtracted from the delayed signal. Figure.(8). Shows the diagram of the receiver.
    Input + + Delay Ts Figure.(8). The delta modulation Receiver

    Low pass Filter

    output

    Delta Modulation

    lecture(6)

    1.2.4 Advantages of Delta Modulation The delta modulation has the following advantages over PCM: 1. Delta modulation transmits only one bit. 2. The transmitter and receiver is very simple to implement. 1.2.5 Disadvantages of Delta Modulation The following are the disadvantages of delta modulation: 1. Granular Noise. 2. Over-slope noise distortion.

    1.3 References: B.P Lathi, Modern analogue and digital communication, third edition.

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