Insulation system - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

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Insulation system
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

The insulation system for wires used in generators, electric motors, transformers, and other wire-wound electrical components is divided into different classes by temperature and temperature rise. The insulation system is sometimes referred to as insulation class. The different classes are defined by NEMA,[1] Underwriters Laboratories (UL),[2] and IEC standards. IEC 60085 class[3] Y A E 105 A Maximum hot NEMA NEMA/UL spot Letter [4] temperature Class class allowed 90C 105C 120C

Typical materials Unimpregnated paper, silk, cotton, vulcanized natural rubber, thermoplastics that soften above 90 C [5] Organic materials such as cotton, silk, paper, some synthetic fibers [6] Polyurethane, epoxy resins, polyethylene terpthalate, and other materials that have shown usable lifetime at this temperature Inorganic materials such as mica, glass fibers, asbestos, with high-temperature binders, or others with usable lifetime at this temperature Class 130 materials with binders stable at the higher temperature, or other materials with usable lifetime at this temperature Silicone elastomers, and Class 130 inorganic materials with high-temperature binders, or other materials with usable lifetime at this temperature As for Class B,and including teflon As for IEC class 200 As for IEC class 200. Further IEC classes desiganted numerically at 25 C increments.

130

130C

155

155C

H 200 220

180

H N

180C 200C 220C 240C 250C

220

R S

250

The maximum hot-spot operating temperature is reached by adding the rated ambient temperature of the machine (often 40C), a temperature rise, and a 10 C hot-spot allowance. Electrical machines are usually designed with an average temperature below the rated hot-spot temperature to allow for acceptable life. Insulation does not suddenly fail if the hot-spot temperature is reached, but useful operating life declines rapidly; a rule of thumb is a halving of life for every 10 C. Older editions of standards listed materials to be used for the various temperature classes. Modern editions of standards are proscriptive, only indicating that the insulation system must provide acceptable life at the specified temperature rise.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Insulation_system

5/7/2012

Insulation system - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Page 2 of 2

In large machines, different systems may be used according to the predicted temperature rise of the machine; for example, in large hydroelectric generators, stator windings may be Class B but the more difficult to cool rotor winding may be Class F.

See also
Insulator (electrical) Electrical insulation paper

References
1. ^ http://www.engineeringtoolbox.com/nema-insulation-classes-d_734.html 2. ^ E. Alfredo Campo (ed.), Selection of polymeric materials: how to select design properties from different standards William Andrew, 2007 ISBN 0815515510 page 170 3. ^ International Electrotechnical Commission Standard 60085 Electrical Insulation- Thermal Evaluation and Designation, 4th edition, 2007 ,page 7 table 1 4. ^ NEMA standard MG-1 Motors and Generators 5. ^ M. A. Laughton, D. F. Warne (ed), Electrical engineer's reference book, 16th edition Newnes, 2003 ISBN 0750646373, page 7-3 6. ^ Donald G. Fink and Wayne H. Beaty (ed), Standard Handbook for Electrical Engineers, Eleventh Edition, Mc Graw Hill, 1978, ISBN 0-07-020974-X, page 7-12

Further reading
Greg Stone (ed.), Electrical insulation for rotating machines: design, evaluation, aging, testing, and repair, Wiley-IEEE, 2004 ISBN 0471445061 Retrieved from "http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Insulation_system&oldid=487668313" Categories: NEMA standards IEC 60085 This page was last modified on 16 April 2012 at 14:06. Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License; additional terms may apply. See Terms of use for details. Wikipedia is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a non-profit organization.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Insulation_system

5/7/2012