Dr. M. Gossell-Williams maxine.gossell@uwimona.edu.

jm

To cover the nutraceutical usefulness of polyphenols

naturally occurring compounds

mainly ANTIOXIDANTS found largely in the fruits & vegetables

e.g. grapes, apples, pears, cherries and various berries contains up to 200-300 mg /100 grams fresh weight.

100 mg polyphenols =

glass of red wine

cup of tea or coffee

1.Phenolic acids
Gallic acid Caffeic acid Source Blueberries, oilseed, apricots

2. Stilbenes
Resveratrol Sources Grapes, Peanuts, Pomegranate

3. Lignans
Examples Secoisolariciresinol
Sources Flax seed, Pumpkin seeds, Sesame seed

4. Flavonoids

FLAVONOIDS
Isoflavones Flavonols
Quercetin Kaempferol Myricetin proanthocyanidins Daidzein, Genistein

Anthocyanins
Cyanidin Delphinidin Malvidin

Flavanones
Naringenin Hesperetin

Flavanols
Epicatechin Catechin Gallocatechin

Flavones
Apigenin Luteolin

Sources: Apples, Grapes, Onions, Soya beans, Cranberries

 Phytoestrogens = Oestrogenic-like qualities (phytoestrogen) :1000 x LESS LIMITED EVIDENCE

reduce menopausal symptoms

prevention of bone resorption (osteoporosis) in post-menopausal

women
Reduce LDL and increase HDL

http://ods.od.nih.gov/News/The_Scoop_-_October_2011.aspx#6

Genistein supplements

Sold in 1000 mg supplements

Recommended for menopausal women 1 -2 capsules per day

Soya Vaginal Gel.

Contains soyabean extract with 10% isoflavone Use for vaginal dryness associated with menopause.

Contain mainly epicatechins

CV benefits- decrease systolic BP

Capsules and tablets = 50 to 100 mg per day of extract

Dose: 1 capsule /day of a 100mg preparation

Contains cathechin Decreases TC and LDL

Major component of Green tea extract

Dose: Not yet standardize 250-300 mg daily

CONTAINS Proanthocyanidins
Uses Antioxidant , Prevent UTIs

Proanthocyandins of cranberry prevent E. coli adhesion to urinary tract

More research required

 Good scientific evidence-more studies needed

Suggest more useful for recurrent UTIs reduces adherence of bacteria to cells lining the bladder thereby reducing UTI 800-900 mg daily-oral
Possible stone formation due to oxalate composition can occur with excessive consumption.

Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2008 Jan 23;(1):CD001321

 Main component= Secoisolareciresinol

Phytoestrogens Shown to reduce plasma cholesterol and reduce arthrosclerosis Flax seed- purported usefulness in menopause, including reduce risk of breast cancer More research required

PRESCRIBED TEXT 1. Dietary Supplements Pamela Mason

WEBSITES 1. Medline Plus 2. National Centre for Complementary & Alternative Medicine 3. Office of Dietary Supplements