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2-The Circulatory System
2-The Circulatory System
2-The Circulatory System
The circulatory system interacts with other systems in maintaining stable chemical and physical conditions in the extra cellular fluid.
The blood
- Its red liquid made up of; solids, small amount of oxygen and carbon dioxide. - Its substance that is constantly flowing through our bodies. - It pumped by your heart. - It travels through thousands of miles of blood vessels within our body.
Blood contents:
1 - Cellules components: Are (red blood cell, white blood cell and platelets). 2- Liquid portion: Is (plasma).
Liquid portion
Plasma: is the liquid part in the blood. Approximately half of your blood is made of plasma, it carries the blood cells and other component throughout the body. All blood contents are made by the Bone Marrow.
In an invertebrate: - It's open circulation heart pump blood in and mix with body fluid. - Contraction of body muscles moves the fluid toward the tail & the fluid returns to the heart through several pores. Eg. Grasshopper.
The heart
- The heart is located in the center of your chest (thoracic cavity) slightly to the left. - it builds up of Cardiac muscle. - it's job is to pump your blood and keep the blood moving throughout your body. - The heart beats about 3 BILLION times during an average lifetime. how to keep your heart healthy? - Exercise on a regular basis, eat healthy - don't smoke!
Heart valves
It directs one way blood flow and prevents the reflex rout; four valves are controlling this: - Two atrioventricular valves (AV valves). - Two semi lunar valves.
Atrioventricular valves (AV) Right (AV) (tricuspid) valve: - Directs obligatory blood flow from the right atrium into the right ventricle. Left (AV) (bicuspid) valve: - Directs obligatory blood flow from the left atrium into the left ventricle; its smaller than the tricuspid. Semi lunar valves Restricted to the ventricles and their attached vessels include: Pulmonary Semi lunar valves: - Lines between the right ventricle and the pulmonary trunk. Aorta Semi lunar valves: - Lies between the left ventricle and the aorta.
Blood flow
Blood pumps from each half of the heart by two cardiovascular circuits each with its own sets blood vessels; these are: - Pulmonary circuit. - Systemic circuit. Pulmonary circuit Circulates blood between the heart and lungs. - begins in the right atrium which received deoxygenated blood from all regions of the body. - Then blood pumps through tricuspid valve into the right ventricle, which pumps it into the pulmonary trunk through pulmonary semi lunar valve. - Pulmonary trunk branch into right and left pulmonary artery which branches into tiny arterioles. - The arterioles take blood to the pulmonary capillaries, where CO2 is ejected & O2 is picked up. - Oxygenated blood then passes through the pulmonary venules, which lead to pulmonary veins that enter the left atrium. Systemic circuit Circuitlates blood between the heart and the rest of the body. - Begin in the left atrium which received oxygenated blood from lungs through pulmonary veins. - Then blood pumps to the left ventricle through bicuspid valve. - Then the left ventricle pumps the blood into the aorta (largest artery) through aortic semi lunar valve. - Aorta distributes blood to the major body regions. *pic: pulmonary circuit , systemic circuit*
Cardiac cycle
- It is a rhythmic cycle of heart muscles contraction and relaxation; forming (systole) and (diastole); respectively.
- During contractions, atria are in (systolic) and the ventricles are in diastole (relaxed) and vice versa. - Cardiac cycle result in heart beat.
Cardiovascular disease
(Also called: heart disease) is a class of diseases that involve the heart or blood vessels (arteries, capillaries and veins) eg; - Atherosclerosis. - Sickle cell anemia.