THE ANCIENT ANDEAN WORLD 3.

982 Fall 2013

This subject examines the development of Andean civilization which culminated in the extraordinary empire established by the Inka in western South America in the 15th and 16th centuries. The methodologies we will use to understand Andean culture history include archaeology, ethnohistory, ethnography, and materials analysis. We will pay particular attention to the unusual topography of the Andean area, its influence upon local ecologies, and the characteristic social, political, and technological responses of Andean peoples to life in a topographically vertical world. The materials technologies behind Andean cloth and metal production will receive special consideration. No attempt will be made to survey the entire range of prehistoric cultural adaptations from preceramic settlements to complex societies. Instead, we will focus on characteristic cultural styles of prehistoric Andean coastal and highland life, the important early periods of pan-Andean unification, and the unique Inka accomplishment of organizing and sustaining a vast and complex empire, the majority of whose peoples lived at altitudes of 12,000 feet and higher. There will be a midterm examination, and each student is expected to write a term paper on a subject chosen in consultation with the instructor. Each student will also give an oral presentation on some aspect of her/his term project. INSTRUCTOR: Professor Heather Lechtman Rm. 8-437 Tel.: 253-2172 email: lechtman@mit.edu

THE ANCIENT ANDEAN WORLD T 10 Sept. T 17 Sept. T 24 Sept. - Introduction

3.982

Fall 2013

COURSE SCHEDULE - Topography and climate of the central Andes - Andean domesticates; vertical ecozones - Vertical archipelago model of Andean resource management - Sources of data: archaeological, ethnohistoric, ethnographic, materials analytical - Relationships within the nuclear community; reciprocity - The Inka State I: reciprocity and redistribution - The Inka State II: Corve: public works, army, storage, weaving, quipu NO CLASS COLUMBUS DAY - The Inka State III: Imperial governance - The Inka State IV: Cloth and its functions in the Inka state TERM PAPER TOPICS DUE ON 22 OCTOBER T 29 Oct. T 5 Nov. - Cloth: technological considerations - Coroma, Bolivia: videotape and discussion MIDTERM EXAMINATION - The Andean scene during the Initial Period: marine resources - The Andean scene during the Initial Period: highland resources TERM PAPER OUTLINES DUE ON 12 NOVEMBER T 19 Nov. T 26 Nov. T 3 Dec. T 10 Dec. - Chavn: the Early Horizon - The Moche: the Early Intermediate Period on the north coast - The Kingdom of Chimor: The Late Intermediate Period on the north coast - The Inka State V: 2 PBS videotapes: (1) THE INCAS; (2) SECRETS OF LOST EMPIRES: INCA - The aftermath: 1532 and the European invasion

T T

1 Oct. 8 Oct.

T 15 Oct. T 22 Oct.

T 12 Nov.

THE ANCIENT ANDEAN WORLD Required texts, to be purchased: Michael E. Moseley THE INCAS AND THEIR ANCESTORS: THE ARCHAEOLOGY OF PERU Thames and Hudson revised edition 2001 The paperback edition of this book is available at the MIT COOP at a cost of $34.95 (new), $26.20 (used). The MIT Coop has many used copies available.

ANDEAN READER Compiled by Heather Lechtman September 2013 The Reader can be purchased at MITs CopyTech Center, located in the basement of Bldg. 11, Rm. 11-004. Cost is $56.00. The Center is open from 8 am to 6 pm on weekdays. Several copies of the Reader will be placed on reserve for this subject in the Hayden Library. Reserve book list Several copies of the following books have been placed on reserve in the Hayden Library. Michael E. Moseley THE MARITIME FOUNDATIONS OF ANDEAN CIVILIZATION Cummings 1975 ANDEAN READER: 2013 Compiled by Heather Lechtman

THE ANCIENT ANDEAN WORLD READING ASSIGNMENTS Assignment Read for No. class on 1 17 Sept. READER - Murra: Andean Cultures - Burger: The Setting; The Changing Environment - Thomas & Winterhalder: Physical and Biotic Environment - Murra: Guaman Poma de Ayala - Cieza de Leon excerpts - Murra: El Archipilago Vertical Revisited; Limits and Limitations of Archipelago - Mayer: Production Zones - Murra: Rite and Crop in Inca State - Murra: On Inca Political Structure - Murra: Peasant Corve & State Revenues - Morris: Hunuco Pampa & Tunsukancha - Morris: Technology of Highland Inka Food Storage - Murra: Ethnocategories of a Regional Khipu - Urton: A New Twist in an Old Yarn - Rowe: Inca Policies and Institutions - Morris: Infrastructure of Inka Control - Murra: Cloth and Its Functions - Stone-Miller: To Weave for the Sun MOSELEY Chapter 2

24 Sept.

Chapter 1

8 Oct.

Chapter 3

22 Oct.

29 Oct.

NOTE: THE NEXT READING ASSIGNMENT (No. 6) IS TO BE COMPLETED BY 12 NOVEMBER. AS IT INVOLVES READING AN ENTIRE, THOUGH SHORT BOOK, AS WELL AS TWO ARTICLES IN THE READER, THERE ARE 2 WEEKS IN WHICH TO COMPLETE THE ASSIGNMENT. 6 12 Nov. - Michael Moseley: THE MARITIME FOUNDATIONS OF ANDEAN CIVILIZATION Copies of this book are on reserve in the Hayden Library. - Shady et al: Dating Caral: READER - Dillehay et al: Preceramic Adoption: READER

Assignment Read for No. class on 7 19 Nov.

READER - Burger: Unity and Heterogeneity Within the Chavin Horizon [to be distributed in class]

MOSELEY Chapter 6

26 Nov.

Chapter 7 Chapter 8 Chapter 9