Professional Documents
Culture Documents
臺灣的人口遷徙及勞工流動問題回顧:1980 2000
臺灣的人口遷徙及勞工流動問題回顧:1980 2000
34 147-209
1980-2000*
jplin@gate.sinica.edu.tw
NSC 89-2415-H-194-026 NSC 902415-H-194-015 NSC 91-2415-H-194-009 NSC 92-2415-H-194-009 NSC 922412-H-001-042 NSC 93-2415-H-194-009
2004/11/8 2005/4/4
148
1
23
4 1980
Ji-Ping Lin
Center for Survey Research, Research Center for Humanities and Social Sciences,
Academia Sinica
Abstract
Using a combination of the existing literature and the authors long-term
research on migration patterns, this article presents a critical review of the
socioeconomic problems associated with population and labor migration to
and from Taiwan during the past two decades. Population and labor migration
apparently aggravate human resource distribution in terms of quantity and
quality, in spite of its positive role in efficient manpower redistribution. A
movement toward more openness with and greater circulation of labor market
information is an effective means of reducing migration redundancy and the
undesirable effects of marginal labor migration. In terms of international
migration, problems triggered by the importation of low-skilled foreign labor
are more crucial than those associated with the immigration of foreign brides
and the emigration of Taiwanese workers to China. Conflicts and
contradictions between internal and international migration are manifested via
the negative impacts of immigrant workers on employment opportunities for
and internal migration of Taiwanese domestic laborers.
Key Words: population migration, labor migration, internal migration,
international migration, regional and urban development
150
economic restructurings
Lewis 1982; Dijk et al. 1989; Todaro 1985; Stark 1991
50 Ranis
1992
migration
population migration labor
m i g r a t i o n
population migration labor migration
151
1980
1990
Solow1957
Lin 1998
1950
Kuo 1983; Li
1988
Ranis 1992
152
Lin 1998
1970
return
labor migration
30
1980
authoritarian polity
1970 hard authority
soft authority 1987
Copper 1988;
153
Clark 1989
1970 1980
1980
1980
1980
1985 1990
1980
1980
1970
1979-1980
154
1980
1990
1990
deindustrializationdecentralization
Sassen 1988 2
global cities
Sassen 1991
deindustrializationdecentralization
Sassen1988: 126-127
155
1990
new economy
information societyCastells 2000
Castells2000
Bell1976
Kendrick1961 Solow1957 Toffler1980
industrialismpost-industrialism
1990
WTO
1
2 internal migration 3
international migration4
156
1980
1996
1996
157
dual poles
Barclay 1954 1986 1997
1980 1950
1960
1970
1980
1950
Liao 1988 1997 1997
1990
158
1970
Lin2000 1930
1980
1
1984
1895
1945 1895-1945
159
1935-1985
1986
1990
1980
160
1930-1970
1980 2
1990
1990
5
Lin Liaw2000
1975
1990
161
1986-2000
162
2003
general equilibrium model
2004
163
1980
1930
1980
164
Sjaastad 1962;
DaVanzo 1977; Grant and Vanderkamp 1980
selection bias
migration outcome
disadvantaged
group
reemployment
underemployment
job offer
165
primary migration
repeat migration
6
1984 1988
Lin 1998
information costs
DaVanzo 1981, 1983 Long 1988 1984 Lin Liaw
2000
7
166
76%
8% 24%
14% 39% 61%
selectivity
kinship
networklocation-specific capital
1990
167
168
1980
Herzog 1993
Boehm 1998
1991
1992
1993on-the-job search
unemployment search
2001
169
2003 1981-2000
1980 96%
4% 1980
1980 58.4%
16.1% 1990 84.2% 15.9%
56.8%
20.6%
1990 1980
1980 1990
58.4% 56.8%
16.1% 20.6% 25.5% 22.6% 1980
1990 1980
96% 4% 1990
84.2% 15.9%
2003
170
1990
1990
1980 1990
1980 1990
1980
1990
2003 1980
1990
1980
1981-1990
171
1990
1980
1980 1990
3 4inter-regional
migrationintra-regional migration
diversity of
destination choice
1991-2000
172
nominal variable
ordinal
173
10
1974
1983 1985 1987 1994
2001
1984 2001
1974
1985
push-pull effect
1991
1987 1983
10
2002
14.76% 15.02%
174
2002
2004
175
1980
Lin 1998
Potts 1990
1990
12
3
2001
176
Prasai1993
1970
Fields1994
1997
immigration
177
emigration
1997
2002
Selya1992 1986
1989 200,000
50,000 Tsay1992
40,000
178
1997
1980 1988
960
Peixoto2001
Tzeng1995
3% 3% 6%
179
Chen 1998
Chen1995
Chen1995
Chen1998
chain migration
1998
2001
Ip2001
1960
180
Prasai 1993
Chang1992
1990
1998 2000
1980 1990
1994
77
1998 2,859
1990
181
60%
78%
1990
1990
1980
182
1945-1950
1980
1980
1991
1990
1990
2004 8 11
1990
1996
Lee 2002; 2003
12
complementary effect
displacement effect
11
http://dbs1.cla.gov.tw/stat/
catlg00.htm 2004 8 31
12
2003
183
discouraging effect
2001
1992
1996
1998
184
2001
1994
2002
2002
2000
2000
2000
185
15,000 0.1
job turnover
1999
1994
1994-1998
30 1996 1998
186
impact
shocking wave
Manson 1985
Filer1992 272
Frey1996 Frey 1996
187
Card1997
Wright 1997
1980 1990
Fairlie Meyer
1997 94
188
Lin2002b Lin2002a
FLV
1990
1990
1
2
3
189
1996-2000
1930
190
60 1980
1980
1930-1970
1980
1990
remittances
191
192
2000
1990
193
1990
194
internal migration of
immigrants
195
McMaster University
196
2002
11: 69-94
1992
2002 2000
2002
2001
22: 49-70
1991
2003 3-39
1996
2004
6: 283-312
2003
13: 39-69
197
2002
269-295 2001
2000
39: 93-151
1991
NSC 80-0301-H-004-003
2002
1998
87 3 21 22
1979
5: 158-181
2003
31(2): 253-277
1997 64-103
1998
65-91
1997
1999
35: 75-118
2001
198
29: 39-71
1996
2002
12: 257-294
1974
11(6): 1-21
1993
NSC 82-0301-H-007-012
1992
20(3): 241-266
1990
13: 43-57
1981 5: 5169
1984 7: 107128
1986 233-273
1997 34-61
199
11: 55-79
1994
77: 35-38
2001 1-49
1996
39-71
1997
27: 37-67
2003 32: 158
2001
29(4): 511-546
2001 51-89
1984
1984
2: 63-78
1988
1990
14: 65-95
200
2002
NSC 912412-H-004-013
2004
1986
10: 1-15
2000
21: 1-35
1997
27: 69-95
1999
2000
1984
1991
1989
1983
7: 157-175
2001 2565
201
1991
14: 83-108
Barclay, George W., 1954, Colonial Development and Population in Taiwan.
Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
Baum, Julian, 1994,Home Sweet Home: Returning Expatriates Fuel
Taiwans Hi-tech Growth.Far Eastern Economic Review 157(39): 6667.
Bell, Daniel, 1976, The Coming of Post-industrial Society: A Venture in
Social Forecasting. New York: Basic Books.
Boehm, Thomas P., Henry W. Herzog, Jr. and Alan M. Schlottmann, 1998,
Does Migration Matter? Job Search Outcomes for the Unemployed.
Review of Regional Studies 28(1): 3-12.
Borjas, George J., Richard B. Freeman and Lawrence F. Katz, 1996,
Searching for the Effect of Immigration on the Labor Market.The
American Economic Review 86: 246-251.
Card, David, 1997,Immigrant Inflows, Native Outflows, and the Local
Labor Market Impacts of Higher Immigration.NBER Working Paper,
No. 5927. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research
(NBER).
Castells, Manuel, 2000, The Rise of the Network Society. Williston, VT:
Blackwell Publishers.
Chang, Shirley L., 1992,Causes of Brain Drain and Solutions: The Taiwan
Experience.Studies in Comparative International Development 27(1):
27-43.
202
203
204
205
206
207
208
209
Wright, Richard A., Mark Ellis, and Michael Reibel, 1997,The Linkage
between Immigration and Internal Migration in Large Metropolitan
Areas in the United States.Economic Geography 73(2): 234-254.