oe bihagrnt ceca REVIEW 1. Write the correct digits in the circles. Then write the numeral in the box: @ytTo MHTO © HTO @HTO ©@O OOO OOO OOO «(835 [ 2. Express each of the following numerals in figures (a) Ninety-nine (b) Five hundred eleven (c) Six hundred eight (d) Seven hundred seven (e) Sevenhundred seventeen (f) Seven hundred seventy (g) Seven hundred seventy-seven (h) Two hundred one (i) Nine hundred ninety-nine (j) Onethousand Express each of the following numerals in words : (a) 90 (b) 909 (c) 104 (a) 218 (e) 411 (f) 300 (g) 303 (h) 313 (i) 330 (i) 1000 2. Write in reverse order the numerals from 754 to 747 : (a) 754 (b) 605 . Counting by threes, write the numerals from (a) 8410111; — (b) 96710994: ae 967 “ . Counting by fives, write the numerals from ce rae (b) 192to 237: 182 : ( . Counting by sevens, write the numerals from (a) 39510458; — (b)_ 79610859: . See the pattern and fill in the blanks (a) 91 98 105 (b) 54 72 (c) 111 127 (d) 33 55 (e) 199 299 ). Fill in the blanks as shown in part (a) : (a) 84 = ......2. hundreds 8 (b) 803 = .W........ hundreds... : (c) 546 2 hundreds oe teMs (d) 619 hundreds oe tone (e) 700 hundreds soe tens (f) 294 hundreds tens . |. Express the following in figures as shown in part (a) : (a)_6 tens, 13 ones (b). 9tens, 14 ones (c) 1 hundred, 14 tens, 11 ones(d) 4hundreds, 56 ones (e) 23tens, 41 ones (f) Qhundreds, 9 tens, 9 ones 11. Fill in the blanks : (a) 80 9..... hundreds tens . ones (bo) 63 . hundreds tens ones (c) 135 hundred tens ones (d) 495 .. hundreds tens ones (e) 335 .. hundreds §.... tens ones 12. Underline the greatest numeral and tick (V) the smallest numeral : (a) 397 638 «454-792-370 (6: 404. 440 40041444 (c) 654 546645 564465. be () 718 «817,871 187.781 (e) 823 672 832 762 +1000 (f) 897 798 «987879789 Arrange the numerals in ascending order : (a) 562 946 629 754 317 ss I (b) 369 693 396 963 936 Be (0) 246 264 426 624 462 (d) 500 555° 505. 550' 55 (e) 440.401 111 1000 11! _ (f) 602678 620 687 768 4 i _ 14. Arrange the numerals in descending order (a) 608 806 680 866 688 (b) 65-291. 129 195 219 () 657 576 765 567 675 (a) 327 372 306 360 351 (e) 317 369 396 370 355 (f) 786 687 768 876. 867 15. Tick the greater of the two : / _ (a) 4hundreds ones, 450+ (b) 784, — 7 hundreds 8 tens 14 ones (c) 950, 8 hundreds 8 tens 50 ones(a). 7 hundreds (f) 676, names: (b) names: names: (c) (e) (a) 108 8 ones = 3 tens 6 ones, (e). 5 hundreds 10 tens 14 ones, 514 / 16. (a) What number is 1 more than 97 (b) What number is 1 more than 9970 ins ncsesecsseee (c) What number is 1 more than 999? (d) What number is 1 more than 7892 ivicecccccccsesee (e) What number is 1 more than 810? 17.(a) What number is 1 less than 10? (b) What number is 1 less than 71? (c) What number is 1 less than 100? (d) What number is 1 less than 890? (e) What number is 1 less than 1000? 18. (a) Use the digits 3 and5 to formall possible 35 | Thirty-five two-digit numerals and write their number Use the digits 4 and 9 to formal possible two-digit numerals and write their number (0) Use the digits 7, 1, 8 to form all possible three-digit numerals and write their number * 19. Write the place value of the digit’8 in each of the following numerals: 8 637 6 hundreds 7 tens 7 ones 53_| Fifty-three (b) 891 (d)_ 238 (f) 589 (h) 78020. Write the numerals that are 10 more than (a) 327 (d) 286 a : 21. Write the numerals that are 100 more than (a) 8. @) 27. (g) 418 22. Find the sum: (a) 25 +44 (b) 550 7% (e) 748. (f) 108 (h) 109... (i) 91 (b) 81. (c) 181 (f) 478 (g) 345 271 +346 () 382 208 + 35 23. Find the sum using expanded notation as shown in part (a) : (a) 347 +195 (b) 3534542 (e) 705+179 (h) 261+659 = (300 +40 +7) + (100 +90+5) = (300 +100) + (40 + 90) + (7 +5) = 400+ 130+12 = 400+100+30+10+2 500 +40+2 542 (c) 642+129 (d) 659+239 (f) 4444309 (g) 307+570 (i) 4164375 (j) 432+461 * 524. Find the sum : “(a) 75 chhertum + 139 chhertum (b) 76 chhertum + 76 chhertum + 76 chhertum (c) 459 ngultrum +325 ngultrum () 104 ngultrum + 401 ngultrum + 410 ngultrum (e) 61cm+28cm (f) 26. cm + 24 cm + 40 cm (g) 103 m + 498 m+ 318m (h) 239m +241 m+222m (i) 94kg +59 kg +41 kg (i) 71kg +35 kg +720 kg (k) 324 kg + 243 kg + 139 kg (I) 275 kg +341 kg + 304 kg (m) 352 litres + 150 litres + 485 litres (n) 319 litres + 244 litres + 112 litres (0) 44 ngultrum + 497 ngultrum + 309 ngultrum (p) 278m+109 m + 385m 25. Write down two subtraction facts for each of the following addition facts as shown in part (a) 7 (a) 257+141 = 398 398-257=141 398-141=257 (b) 492+120 (6) 348+ 0 (d) 5344179 (e) 306+603 = 909 26, Lamo had 36 stamps. Herbrother gave her72 more stamps. How many “ stamps does Lhamo have now? 27,/379 students were coming to Paro from Lango. 91 more students joined “them at Drugyel. How many students in all came to Paro ? 28. Three buses were brought for a class picnic. These buses carried 65 students, 49 students and 72 students respectively. How many students went to the picnic 229. 30. “later. How many persons in all saw the football match ? wv. $2. 33. 34. 35. 37. Mr. Chencho saved Nu 275 in January, Nu 307 in February and Nu 298 in March. How much money did Mr. Chencho save in three months ? 459 persons went to see a football match. 431 more persons joined them On the first day, 397 students of a school went to see an archery match. On the second day 241 students and on the third day 269 students went to see the match. How many students saw the match in all ? There are four baskets of apples containing 16, 23, 79 and 259 apples respectively. How many apples are there in all the four baskets ? Sangay has Nu 459. He got another Nu 421. How many ngultrum does Sangay now have? There were 298 students in the school hostel. Another 179 students also came to live in the hostel. How many students are living in the hostel now? fre are three bags of rice in a shop. These bags weigh 75 kg, 78 kg ‘and 62 kg respectively. How much rice is there in the shop ? Subtract : ® 93 © o8 ® 986 -42 -66 - 52 @ 5o8 -412 394 -203 Arrange in columns and subtract : (a) 54-21 (b) 87-79 (c) 90-80 (d) 56-35 (e) 83-78 —(f) 368-147 (g) 875-372 (h) 273-142 (i) 973-971 (j) 600-500 38. Subtract: (a) 143 chhertum from 579 chhertum (b) 269 chhertum from 779 chhertum 742. 43. 44. 45. 46. 47. (c) 654 ngultrum from 884 ngultrum (d) 543 ngultrum from 765 ngultrum (e) 347 cm from 497 cm (f) 260 cm from 682 cm (g) 74 metres from 894 metres (h) 123 metres from 555 metres (i) 752 kilograms from 852 kilograms (j) 455 kilograms from 654 kilograms (k) 432 kilograms from 654 kilograms (1). 350 kilograms from 490 kilograms (m) 547 litres from 765 litres (n) 321 litres from 765 litres (0) 215 litres from 497 litres 39. Passang had 795 ngultrum. He bought a watch for 574 ngultrum. How many ngultrum are left with Passang now ? |. Wangmo had 549 ngultrum in her bag. She spent 346 ngultrum. How many ngultrum were left in her bag ? . Choeden has 432 stamps. How many more stamps should she collect to have 754 stamps ? 975 students were studying ina school. 63 of them left the school. How many students are studying in the school now ? Dawa had 748 marbles, buthe lost 332. How many marbles does he have now? Sonam had a packet of 540 sweets. He gave 110 sweets to his brother and 210 to his sister. How many sweets are left with Sonam ? Karma received Nu 75 from his brother on Monday. On Tuesday he received Nu 97. How many more ngultrum did he receive on the second day? : Jamtsho went to Tashigang in his car. He had to travel 546 km in all. On the first day he travelled 334 km. How many km didhe still have to cover? Multiply : (a) 33. (b) 79 (c) 132 (d) 96 (e) 82 * x4 x6 x2 + «5h x7 {574 ngultrum. How #46 ngultrum. How 1ould she collect to ftthe school. How bles doeshe have ets to his brother jam ? /On Tuesday he ‘On the second (hr) 2 (i) 54 (i) 73 () 76 (9167 x8 x3 x9 x10 x9 48, There are four baskets, each containing 156 mangoes. How many mangoes are there in the four baskets ? » 49. Thinley bought 6 books. If each book cost 17 ngultrum, how many ngultrum did she have to pay ? 50. A car runs 42 km in 1 hour. How far will it go in 6 hours ? . There are 43 students in each section ofa school. If there are 4 sections in class III, how many students are there in the school in class III 2 52. The cost of a watch is 225 ngultrum.What will be the cost of 4 watches ? 53. A dozen has 12 articles. How many articles are there in 6 dozens ? 54. A truck is carrying 9 bags of sugar. Each bag contains 92 kg sugar. How much sugar is there in the truck ? 55. Choining can read 98 pages of a book in one day. How many pages can she read in 5 days ? Sangla bought 6 packets of balloons, each containing 69 balloons. How many balloons in all did he buy ? 57. Find the quotient : (a) 212 (b) 3)27 (c) 4)36 (d) 5)35 i 56. S (e) 6) 48 (f) 7/28 (g) 8)72 (h) 9)45 (i) 9)8T (ij) 8) 64 58. Write two division facts for each of the following multiplication facts : (a) 5x9=45 45 (b) 7x9=63 (c) 6x5 =30 (d) 9x1=9). 96 chairs are lying in a hall in 8 rows. How many chairs are there in one row if each row has the same number of chairs ? . 72 sweets are equally distributed among 9 children. How many sweets does each child get ? - 63 apples are to be packed in bags. If one bag can contain 9 apples, how many bags are needed to pack all the apples ? .. A gardener wants to plant 54 trees in 9 rows. How many trees will he plantin one row ? . If 49 books are to be equally divided among 7 students, how many books will each student get ? . 6 sweets cost 300 chhertum. What does one sweet cost ? . Recognise the following shapes and write their names : (a) }. Fill in the blanks : (a) After Monday comes ...... (b) If today is Wednesday, tomorrow will be . (c) If today is Sunday, yesterday was .. (d) . . falls between Monday andWednesday. (e The fourth day of the week is .. (f) The sixth day of the week is (g) The first month of the year is. (h) The eleventh month of the year is ..... (i) 1week = days. () month = .. days. (k) 1 year ~ va. days.Is are there in one NUMERATION See 1.1 Numbers upto ten thousand We have already learnt that 10ones =1 ten 10tens =1hundred What are 10 hundreds equal to ? 10 hundreds = 1 thousand We write 1 thousandas 1000. 999 is a three-digit number. In fact, it is the greatest three-digit number. 1000 is a four-digit number. It occupies four places in writing. low many sweets contain 9 apples, lany trees will he howmany books st ? 1 9 9 0 a ees ten’s place hundred’s place thousand’s place How do we write and read numbers beyond 1000 ? How we write How we read 1001 Onethousandone oO 1002 Onethousandtwo 1 GOS 1003 Onethousand three : 1009 Onethousandnine 1010 Onethousandten 1011 One thousand eleven 1012 Onethousandtwelve One thousand twenty One thousand twenty-one Ww 1099 Onethousandninety-nine ire) 1One thousand one hundred One thousand two lundred One thousand three hundred Two. thousand Three! thousand Fourthousand Nine thousand 9999 9999s the greatest four-digit number. 1 more than 9999 is 10,000, 10,000 is read asten thousand. . Let us remember the following facts about the development of numbers 1. Greatest one-digit number = Nextnumber = 1 | Greatest two-digit number Nine thousand nine hundred ninety-nine Sto a Nextnumber 100 Greatest three-digit number 999 { Next number = 1 i} and so on. | 2. (a) 10 = 100nes (b) 100 = 10tens 000ones (d) 10,000 = 10 thousands = 100hundreds = 1000tens = 10,000onesExample 1. Represent these numbers on the abacus : (a) 73 (b)805 —(c) 7536 (a) 73 — The digit at one’s place 3 So put 3 beads at one’s place. The digit at ten’s place 7 So put 7 beads at ten’s place. (b) 805 — The digit at one’s place 5 So put 5 beads at one’s place. The digit at ten’s place 0 So do not put any beads at ten’s place. The digitathundred’s place = 8 So put 8 beads at hundred’s place. 3 + TO 7 (c) 7536 — Asin (a) and (b), look at the place ot th the digit and put the beads. Example 2. Read the abacus and write.the numeraland the number name: TO HTO ThHTO (a) (b) (a) The digit at one’s place = 0 The digit at ten’s place = 5 Hence the numeral formed is 50. The number name is : Fifty. (b) Numeral : 407 Numbername : Fourhundred seven. (c) Numeral : 5030 Numbername : Five thousand thirty. 13Example 3. Observe the pattern carefully. Then fill in the blanks : (a) 21, 22, 23, (b) 903, 913, 923,....... (c) 6827, 6927, 7027, (d) 1304, 2304, 3304, .. (a) Each number is 1 more than the previous number. Therefore, the required numbers are 24, 25. (b) The numbers are increasing by 10. Therefore, the required numbers are 933, 943. (c) The numbers are increasing by 100. Therefore, the required numbers are 7127, 7227. (4) The numbers are increasing by 1000. Therefore, the required numbers are 4304, 5304. Example4. (a) Counting by twos, write the numerals from 527 to 537. (b) Counting by fives, write the numerals trom 8192 to 8217. (c) Counting by hundreds, write five numerals starting with 6840. (a) The required numerals are : 527, 529, 531, 533, 535, 537 (b) The required numerals are : 8192, 8197, 8202, 8207, 8212, 8217 (c) The required numerals are : 6840, 6940, 7040, 7140, 7240 1.2 Special type of numbernames Suppose Dorji was born in the year 1993, Can you name the year of his birth 7 This'year may be read as, ‘One thousand nine hundred ninety-three’or simply ‘Nineteen ninety-three’. All years can be read in two ways as shown above.ae ve - Read the abacus = write the numeral and the number name : (a) i (c) (a) 4 “oso 23 ‘Twenty-three 2. For each of the following ei ey an abacus and represent the numeral on it : (a) 32 (b) 406 (c) 525 (d) 6006 (e) 720. 3. Write the numerals for the following number names : (a) Fourhundred four (b) One hundredeleven (c). One thousand five (d) One thousand fifty (e) Five hundred fifty-five (f) Seven hundred sixty (9) Fourthousandeight (h) Six thousand four hundred twenty-eight (i) Eight thousand eight hundred sixty-eight (j) Seven thousand two hundred seven (k) Nine thousandone (I) Three thousand nine hundred ninety-nine 4, Write number names for each of the following numerals : {a) 300 (b) 409 (c) 350 (d) 901 (e) 739 (f) 322 (g) 6354 (h) 5555 (i) 5777 (j) 4976 (k) 7689 (I) 7840 5. Fill in the boxes : (a) 756 hundreds tens (b) 605 hundreds tens (c) 7001 thousands hundreds (4) 9513 thousands hundreds {e) 6870 thousands hundreds 156. Counting by twos, write the numerals from (a) 608t0618 (b) 103t0113 (c) 8932 toBg42 : (d) 154701557 : 7. Counting by fives, write the numerals from (a) 400to 425 (b) 12710152: (c) 6793106818 : (4) 4688104713 : Gite cur fig 8. Counting by hundreds, write six numerals starting with (a) 327 (b) 8304 : (c) 5713 : 8. Counting by thousands, write six numerals starting with (a) 1000 : (b) 2304 : (c) 3119 : (a) 4605 : 10. Observe the pattern Carefully. Then fill in the blanks : (a) 988, 987, 986, (b) 526, 529, 532, (c) 6709,6710,6711, (d) 2813, 2913, 3013, (e) 5490,5500,5510, ... — 11. Name in two ways the following years : (a) The year in which you were born, 2.00 (b) The year in which you joined the school, 2 5 53 (c) The year in which you are in class Ill. 1.3 Place value Letus look at the place value table given on the next page: 16Thousands | Hundreds Tens (Th) (H) (7) 1000 100 10 "This table shows four places :one's place, ten's place, hundred's place and housand's place. The value of each place is ten times the value of the place othe right of it. _ Letus arrange the numeral 3647 in the place value table : Thousands | Hundreds Tens Ones (Th) | om () 1000 100 10 1 3 6 4 In 3647, the place value of 7= 7 ones = 7 the place value of 4 tens = 40 the place value of 6 = 6 hundreds = 600 the place value of 3 = 3 thousands = 3000 * The place value of a digit depends upon the place occupied by itina number. The face value of a digit is the digit itself. The place value of a digit keeps on changing but its face value always remains the same. * The place value of 0 is always 0. Example 5. Find the difference between the place values of the digit 7 in the numeral 7897. The first 7 occurs at one’s place Its place value = 7 ones =7 The second 7 occurs at thousand’s place Its place value = 7 thousands = 7000 Difference between the two place values 000 -7a e 1.4 Expanded notation Once again look at the numeral 3647 arranged in the place value table the previous page 3647 contains 3 thousands, 6 hundred: Therefore 3647 = 3000 + 600 + 40+7 3000 + 600 + 40 +7/s the expanded form of the numeral 3647. 3647 is the short form. Example 6. Express 5209 in the expanded form. (We need not show the 5209 = 5000 + 200 +9 Example7. Express 2000 + 800 + 6 in the short form. 2000 + 800 + 6 = 2806 ee i ee | PROBLEMSETi@) ae 1. Find the place value of the dit is, 4 tens and 7 ones. place value of 0 in ten’s place.) igit in bold in the following numerals : (a) 743 (b) 134 (c) 567 (d) 864 (e) 5364 (f) 6970 (g) 7308 (h) 3071 2. Find the difference of the place values of 6 in the numeral 646. 3. Find the difference of the place values of 8 in the numeral 8328. 4. Express the following numerals in the expanded form : (a) 246 (b) 457 (c) 676 (a) 468 (e) 354 (f) 201 (9) 2999 (h) 9000 (i) 2809 (j) 5555 (kK) 5050 (1) 3700 5. Express the following in the short form : (a) 400+70+3 (b) 600+8 (c) 600+90+7 (d) 2000 +20+2 (e) 5000 +500 (f) 5000+5 1.5 Ordering of numbers Rule 1. A number having more digits is greater than another having fewer digits.le2. If two numbers contain the same number of digits : (a) compare the digits on the extreme left; (b) if this digit is the same, compare the next digits to their right, and iple 8. Fill in the blanks with > or 2 _— same— 4596, 4652 a | ia 4749, 4723 we > pi same—_ 4736, 4739 <4 ~. 5421 > 879 ©. 4792 > 2301 .. 4596 < 4652 <. 4749 > 4723 «. 4736 < 4739 [Think ‘Therefore’ may be written as. mple9. Arrange the following numerals in ascending order : 3452, 4325, 4253, 3542, 4235 (a) Compare thousands 3452 and 3542 are smaller than others. 3452 < 3542 same 1b) 4325, 4253, 4235 greatesto— same —_ (c) 4253, 4235 > The ascending order is : 3452, 3542, 4235, 4253, 4325. Example 10. Arrange the following numbers in descending order : 6534, 6345, 6354, 6435, 6453. same 6534, 6345, 6354, 6435, 6453. t See See greatest same same [Think ! The descending order is 6534, 6453, 6435, 6354, 6345. Note. We can write the answer straightaway. We need not show how we thought about it. 1.6 Successor and predecessor of anumber * Anumber which is 1 more than a given number is called its successor. What number is 1 more than 5496 ? The answer is 5497. Therefore, 5497 is the successor of 5496. “Anumber which is 1 less than a given number is called its predecessor. What numberis 1 less than 7544. The answer is 7543. Therefore, 7543 is the predecessor of 7544. Example 11. Write the successors of (a) 99 (b) 199 (c) 3999 (a) 1 more than 99 is 100. So the successor of 99 is 100. (b) 1 more than 199 is 200. So the successor of 199 is 200. (c) 1 more than 3999 is 4000. So the successor of 3999 is 4000. Example 12. Write the predecessors of (a) 100 (b) 300 (c) 5000 (a) 1 less than 100 is 99. So the predecessor of 100 is 99. (b) 1 less than 300 is 299. So the predecessor of 300 is 299. (c) 1 less than 5000 is 4999. So the predecessor of 5000 is 4999. 20lecessor. srefore, decessor. ore, 7543 v Hc) 753 3994 (b) 2496 8247 © 3961 4200 Write the numerals having more hundreds : (b) 3469 3169 (c) 9999 9891 Sut the sign > (greater than) or < (less than) in the boxes to make the ‘following statements true : a) 3547 3791 fa) 796 “{e) 3182 34 780 3187 (g) 9000 [—] 8999 Arrange the following numerals in ascending order : 398 938 9786 1100 ‘Arrange the following numerals in descending order : 103 132 603 8124 6974 (bo) 39 400 (d) 392 299 (f) 9851 [7] 9855 (h) 10000 [7] 9875 396 758 471 654 9768 8967 1011 4111 123 213 600 306 8214-8142 9675 5976 (b) 101 (c) 296 (e) 9142 Sete ‘Write the predecessor of each of the following numerals : (b) 480 (c) 1000 (e) 999 (f) 2000 rite the smallest numeral contenine the three digits 4, 0 and 3. digit only once.} 10. Youare given three digits 3, 4 and 7. Make as many three-digit number with the help of these digits as you can. Arrange these numbe' in ascendinganddescendingorders. = _ EEO 1. Write numerals for the following : (a) Three thousand thirteen (b) Nine thousand ninety (c) Nine thousand nine (a) Six thousand forty-nine 2. Write number names for each of the following : (a) 5015 (b) 7070 (c) 8790 (d) 5005 3. Counting by hundreds, write the numerals from (a) 5841 to 6341 (b) 4917105417 4. Counting by thousands, write the numerals from (a) 3676 to 8676 (b) 2000 to 7000 5. Observe the pattern carefully. Then fill in the blanks : (a) 8726 87258724 (b) 25 125 225 } 6. Putaring round the numeralsin which the place value ofthe digit Sis 500 i 6005 7502-3450 5050: 9560-7580 ©2105 | 7. Write the smallest and the greatest three-digit numbers. 8. In each of the following, underline the numeral which represents the smallest number : (a) 5264 5624. 6542-5462 5642 (b) 3291 3129 3192-2913 2301 9. Write‘four three-digit numerals formed by using the digits 7, 9 and 0. Arrange them in descending order. 10. Say whether the following statements are true or false : (a) The successor of the greatest thrée-digit numbers the smallest fout- digitnumber. (b) 9999 represents the largest number we can think of. (c) The place value of 0 in 7809 is 10. 22e-digit number these numbers DITION AND SUBTRACTION te ili 1 Addition withoutcarrying ample 1. Add 325, 4623, 4031 inety We arrange the numbers in columns with headings Th (thousands), ty-nine (hundreds), T (tens) and O (ones) and add columnwise. ThH T Of; —1.Weaddones: 5+3 +1 =9ones 3.2 5 1;— 2. Weaddtens: 24243 =7tens a6 2 3 ! |= 3. Weadd hundreds: 3 +6 +0 =9hundreds 44.0 3 4 ie 4. Weaddthousands:4+4 =8thousands Bo 7 3} 5 Lh MW Therefore 926 + 4623 + 4031 = 8979 ee ————— J) A Sons: Add: igitis 500A TO 2 HTO 3 H TO 105 93 708 5 2 70 +181 2.3 presents the 7 4, 4 0 2 5. 4.8 6 6. BatF) oe 8808) 9g S7,9 and 0. a. et 0 8. 3°31 9 5 7 0 | 721 14 4 210 . + 3.6 + 2.2.0 + 2,0 9 imallest four- 33 4 «11. Pero 4 2 42) 9a eggs” 7 45 3 powauirs 4 2.0 + Hse #690 +270 6 1 23Arrange in columns and add : 13. 124,423,231 . 215, 1323, 5040 15. 414,9070,315 . 7140, 205, 1323 17. 4123, 512,63 . 1421,2337, 130 19. 2121, 1223, 224 . 456,212, 1331 . 2305, 323, 3101 . 421,2125, 131, 3001 . 1305, 3, 31, 460 . 1,21, 256, 7410 2.2 Addition with carrying Example 2. Add 475 and 388. We arrange the given numbers in columns with headings H (hundreds), T (tens) and O (ones) and proceed as explained below : Hersh x0) tq 1<, <—— carried Ae aT) S: + 3/8/8 8 (1) 6 (1)3 8 56.08 Thus the sum is 8 hundreds 6 tens 3 ones = 863 Therefore, 475 + 388 = 863 ” Example 3. Add 3954, 777, 308, 95. We arrange the given numbers in columns of thousands, hundreds, tens and ones according to the place value of their digits and add them columnwise. Therefore, 3954 + 777 +308 + 95 = 5134 Note. Whenwe have got sufficient practice in doing addition sums, we should give up the practice of writing column headings or the digits that we carry. These facts we should keep in our mind only. As such, the solution of Example 3 should look simply as shown on the next page : 24Add the following : H(hundreds), } 4. 81 6 0 Arrange in columns and add : ‘13, 89,728,588 14. 43,708,876 ,we should 868, 73, 409 16. 1426, 178,259 its that we 528, 962, 403 18, 1246,576, 409 975, 3228, 802 20. 125,302, 1181 2427, 800, 88 22, 2463, 4362, 537 7431, 809, 988, 123 24. 1431,3549, 2286, 2489 252.3 Properties of addition (a) Let us add 321 and 476 in two different ways : 321 476 + 476 + 321 797 797 Thus we observe that 321 + 476 = 476 + 321. So we have the following property : Property 1. Inwhatever order we write two numbers, their sumwill be the same. (b) Letus now add 21, 436 and 2475 in different ways : 21 21 436 2475 + 2475 + 436 2932 2932 436 2475 2475 436 24 + 21 2932 2932 We observe that the sum of the numbers 21, 436 and 2475 is the same in whatever order we write them for the purpose of adding them. So we have the following property : Property 2. |fwehave to add more than two numbers, we can write them in any order. Their sum will remain the same. (c) Letus add 0 to the number 5437. 5437 0 5437 We observe that 5437 + 0 = 5437. So we have the following property : Property 3. If we add 0 to a number, we get the number itself.is the same So we have write them +761 =761 + 231 = 486 +691 E 6 999+1= 17, 1397 + } 268 = 268 + 1397 + 347 8. 3408 + 3411 + 2769 = 3411+ 2769+ 9, 8754+ = 8754 “10, 4364 +1166 + =1166 + 4364 +2790 "24 Problems on addition Example 4. In a town, there are 1256 students in a Government school, 2325 students in a Central school and 1439 students in a Public school. How many students are there in all the schools in the a town? . ‘Number of students in the Government School = 1256 Number of students in the Central School Number of students in the Public School "Total number of students (byadding) So there are 5020 students in all the schools in the town. kample 5. Rinzin collected 390 stamps in one album and 539 stamps in > another album. How many stamps did Rinzin collect in all ? Number of stamps in the first album 390 Number of stamps in the second album 539 “Total number of stamps = 929 (byadding) So Rinzin had a collection of 929 stamps. 27. Ina High School, there are 733 girl students and 567 boy students. How many students are there in the High School ? . The school canteen sold 354 cold drinks on Monday, 567 on Tuesday, 179 on Wednesday and 564 on Thursday. How many cold drinks were sold on all the four days ? . Choining read three books. The first had 728 pages, the second had 413 pages and the third had 548 pages. Find the total number of pages read by Choining. }. Dorji's father drove 935 km in September and 479 km in October. How many km did he drive in all ? . Ina football match, 842 tickets were sold on Saturday and 658 tickets were sold on Sunday. How many tickets were sold on these days ? . A farmer produced 2681 kg wheat, 1375 kg maize and 941 kg rice. How much grain did he produce in all ? . Three dresses are priced at Nu 461, Nu 691 and Nu 741. Find the total cost of the three dresses. Inan examination, 945 students passed in first division, 1317 in second division and 3947 in third division. How many students passed in the examination ? |. Ina garden, there are 598 peach trees, 1801 peartrees, 719 apple trees and 78 plum trees. How many trees are there in all in the garden ? |. Ina school festival, 904, 817, 691 and 1236 tickets were sold on Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday and Thursday respectively. How many tickets were sold in all ? . A milkman sold 940 litres of milk in the morning and 893 litres in the evening. How much milk was sold on that day ? . A farmer purchased four baskets of apples. In one basket there were 281 apples, inthe second 375, in the third 587 andin the fourth 369. How many apples were there in the four baskets ?udents. How on Tuesday, drinks were second had er of pages stober. How 658 tickets days ? grice. How nd the total in second sed in the pple trees rden? n Monday, iny tickets tres in the here were 1369. How “13. During the summer vacation, Gawa travelled 795 km by car, 219 kmby scooter and 23 km on foot. How much distance did Gawa cover in all ? 14, Jigme earned Nu 3519 in February, Nu 2494 in March and Nu 3917 in April. How much did he earn in these three months ? 15. Asmall colour television costs Nu 7575, a tape-recorder Nu 1279 anda cooker Nu 954. Find the cost of all the three. 2.5 Subtraction withoutborrowing _ Example 6. Subtract 3275 from 8697. We arrange the numbers in columns of thousands, hundreds, tens and ones and follow the steps given below:: In addition and subtraction, we proceed [Remember || from right to left. Step 1. We subtract ones. 7 - 5 = 2 ones tens 4,hundredsArrange in columns and subtract : 10. 436-215 11. 735-314 . 937-314 13. 639-518 14. 774-604 . 794-543 16. 683-432 17. 754-300 . 9387-152 19, 8902-4300 20. 6907-2801 . 9876-6715 2.6 Subtraction with borrowing (re-grouping) Example7. Subtract 398 from917. _ HT O We arrange 398 under 917 in col- 8 10 After umns of hundreds, tens and ones 17 borrowing and follow the steps given below eK 3 9 8 Santee Step 1. _ First of all we subtract ones. We notice that we cannot subtract 8 ones from 7 ones. We borrow 1 ten from ten’s column leaving behind 0 tens. Now, we have 1 ten +7 ones = 10 ones +7 ones = 17 ones in one’s column. 17-8 =9 So we write 9 in one’s place inthe answer row. In ten’s column, we were left with 0 tens. We notice that we cannot subtract 9 tens from 0 tens. We borrow 1 hundred from 9 hundreds, leaving behind 8 hundreds. Now we have 1 hundred + 0 tens = 10 tens + 0 tens = 10 tens in ten’s column. 10-9=1 So we write 1 in ten's place in the answer row. In hundred's column, we were left with 8 hundreds. We subtract 3 hundreds from 8 hundreds. 8-3=5 So we write 5 in hundreds place in the answer row. Thus the answer is 5 hundreds 1 ten and 9 ones = 519ample 8. Subtract 5876 from 9702. ; e arrange the numbers as shown here and then proceed to subtract as We begin with ones. We notice that we cannot subtract 6 ones from 2 ones. So we try to borrow 1 ten from ten’s place. But we find that there is no ten in ten's place. So we borrow 1 hundred from hundred’s place, leaving behind 6 hundreds. 1 hundred = 10 tens So we now have 10 tens in ten’s place. We borrow 1 ten leaving behind 9 tens. Now we have 1 ten +2 ones = 10 ones + 2 ones = 12 ones in one’s column. 12-6=6 So we write 6 in one’s place in the answer row. Now we subtract tens. We were left with 9 tens in ten’s column. 9-7=2 So we write 2 in ten’s place in the answer row. Now we have to subtract hundreds. We were left with 6 hundreds in hundred’s place. We notice that we cannot subtract 8 hundreds from 6 hundreds. So we borrow 1 thousand from 9 thousands, leaving behind 8 thousands. 1 thousand = 10 hundreds We now have 10 hundreds + 6 hundreds or 16 hundreds in hundred’s. column. 16-8=8 So we write 8 in hundred’s place in the answer row. 31Finally, we subtract thousands. 8-5=3 So we write 3 in thousand's place in the answer row. Thus the answer is 3 thousands 8 hundreds 2 tens 6 ones = 3826 Note. We shoufd try to do subtraction problems without writing column headings or showing our borrowings. All these facts should keep in our mind The solution of Example 8 9702 should look simply like this - 5876 3826 2.7 Verification of the answer of subtraction sums We know that subtraction is the reverse process of addition. So we cal verify the answer of subtraction sums by adding the second number to the answer obtained. This sum must be equal to the first number. Example 9. Subtract 6328 from 7986 and verify your answer. 7986 Verification 1658 = 6328 + 6328 1658 7986 oe ee Subtract and verify your answer : i 0 ° 8 4 2. 3 78Nes = 3826. ut writing e facts we So we can nber to the uN on oo h4691 1.5 4 00 12.9000 2999 -2987 -7 569 7 ein columns and subtract : 699from708 «14,498 from723 15. 169fromét1 . 345 from 679 17. 276 from 341 18. 448 from 731 805 from 300 20. 487 from 802 21. 425 from820 692 from 941 23. 594 from641 24, 236 from733 195 from 754 26. 875 from961 27. 605 from790 299 from 906 29. 5686 from9600 30. 6666 from7000 lems on subtraction ample 10. There were 907 apples onatree. 328 were plucked. How many apples were left on the tree ? Numberofapplesonthetree = 907 Number of apples plucked = 328 907 “Number of apples left on the tree = 907-328 328 ; = 579 579 ple 11. Tshering earned Nu§976 in May and spentNu 4896. How much : money did he save ? Tshering’s earnings for May = Nu5976 His expenses = Nu4g96 5976 Therefore, his savings = Nu5976—Nu 4896 - 4896 = Nu1080 1080 ngay has 335 bricks. He needs 956 for the repair of his house. How any more bricks must he order to get his house repaired ? picture hall has a seating capacity of 549. Itis decided t acity to 657. How many new seats have to be added ? atown 964 students out of 8573 students wear spectacles. How many udents do not wear spectacles ? \crease its 33. Aman purchased a second-hand tape-recorder for Nu 2545 and soldi for Nu 3700. How much more money did he get ? . Wangmo earned Nu 7000 and spent Nu 2546. How many ngultrum did} she save ? . What must be subtracted from 750 to get 498 ? ’. What must be added to 469 to make it 800 ? ' }. Wangchuk travelled 750 km by bus and truck. If he travelled 349 km byt bus, what distance did he travel by truck ? . In a school there are 960 students in all. Of this number, 596 are boys and the remaining are girls. Find the number of girls in the school. |. 4500 candidates appeared in a board examination. 958 candidates failed. How many passed ? 11. Thimphu is 556 km from Tashigang and Gaylegphug is 422 km from Tashigang. Howmuch farther isThimphu fromTashigang than Gaylegphug?) 12. Sangchu has Nu 7500 in the bank. He takes out Nu 3754. How muchj money is left in his account ? 13. Ihave 254 stamps. How many more stamps should | collect to have 500 stamps ? 14, On Monday morning a shopkeeper had 567 cold drink bottles. He sold 397 bottles during the day. How many bottles were left in the evening ?: 2.9 Problems involving both addition and subtraction Example 12. Subtract the sum of 3029 and 187 from the difference of 8704) and 2538. Sum of 3029 and 187 3029 + 187 = 3216 Difference of 8704 and 2538 8704-2538 6166 Difference of 6166 and3216 = 6166-3216 = 2950545 and sold it ample 13. There are 5039 toys in a store. 708 toys are sold on Monday. 1359 toys are sold on Tuesday. How many toys are left in the Ngultrum did i store ? ~ Total number of toys in the store 5039 | Number of toys sold on Monday 708 . a _ Number of toys sold on Tuesday 1359 és Number of toys sold on the two days = 708+1359 1d 349 km by 2087 Therefore, the number of toys left 596 are boys 5039-2067 € school. e 2972 8 candidates 422 km from Gaylegphug? 4. How much ; 2317 - 1621 ttohhave 500 2873 — 3459 6321 + 2607 tles. He sold 1234 + 803 pe evening | k 203 - 2398 f) 2918 - 4776 ety ance of 8704 3229 + 987 Ps| were 442 books in a library. 407 new books were bought. 219 ks were issued. How many books were left in the library? $3 6 A shopkeeper had 537 soft drink bottles. He sold 327 and 109 bottles on the first two days of the week. How many bottles were left with bin Be book has 528 pages. Another book has 640 pages. Sangay reads 327 ges of the first book and 581 pages of the second book. How many jages are left unread ? 12 49 ma travelled a distance of 780 km. He covered 275 km by bus and 25 km by truck. The rest of the distance he covered by car. How much distance did he cover by car?}. Tenzin's monthly income is 8000 ngultrum. He pays 1320 ngultrum as. rent. His other expenses are 4450 ngultrum. How many ngultrum does he save? . Shacha spent Nu 6783 in three months. If she spent Nu 1820 in the first month and Nu 2793 in the second month, how many ngultrum did she spend in the third month ? iil . Add : (a) 705,397, 152,229 (b) 673, 192, 99,736 (c) 5,55, 555, 5555 . Subtract (a) 856 from 903 (b) 469 from 500 (c) 2356 from8000 . Simplify : (a) 1254 + 6326 - 987 (b) 3535 + 4839 - 4035 (c) 6000 - 1023 - 3216 }. What must be added to the sum of 341 and 275 to get 800 ? . Subtract the sum of 888 and 1543 from 9654. . Atank has 7200 litres of water. 164 litres leak out. 475 litres are pumped! into it. How many litres of water does the tank now have ? . A poultry farm had 543 chickens. The owner sold 317 chickens and: bought 400 more. How many chickens does he now have ? . Dorji had Nu 2500 with him. He spent Nu 1375 on household and Nu 750 on clothes. How many ngultrum did he save ?£ f / MM, Mi (Ma gutrumas Fax AVS ‘ox | strum does §) MULTIPLICATION “ 3 3.1 Multiplication tables from 11 to 15 fi eg Multiplication table of 11 ultrum did J itime 11 = 11 ixit= 11 2times 11 = 11+11 2x11= 22 times 11 = 11411411 3x11= 33 = 11411411411 4x11= 44 11411411411411 5x11= 55 11417411411411411 6x11= 66 = 11411411411411411411 7xiW= 77 W410 410410417417 410411 Bxi1= 88 = 11+ 14410417417 410410419411 9x11= 99 W44170411417497417 4114114114 11 10x 11=110 VW4174170410497 4174114114194 11411 11x11= 121 pumped. s Wett4 tate tate adie tt : 4411411 12x 11= 132 kens and s WV410417491417 4174114104194 W411411411 13x11= 143 ehold and W411 411411410410 417 411411 + W4411411411411 14x11= 154 144114114114114114114114114 144914114114+11411 15x11= 165 WaT + Att 1t 41d ttt its W14+11411411411411411 16x1 176 ly we can construct the tables of 12,13,14and15. | \ YY Ve Caesar PERE try teeMultiplication table of 12 Multiplication table of 13 12 1 x 13 13 24 2 x 13 26 36 13 39 48 13 52 60 65 72 78 84 91 96 104 108 117 120 130 132 143 144 156 156 169 168 182 180 195 192 208itiplication table of 14 Multiplication table of 15 1 x 15 2x15 3 x 15 4x15 5 x 15 6 x 15 7 x 15 8x 15 9x15 10 x 15 1 x 15 12 x 15 13 x 15 195 4x15 = 210 15 x15 = 225 16x15 = 240PROBLEM SET 3 (a) Find the following products : WIZ 7S ciceseei 2 18 x4 B15 XT Be 5 1 KB TAZ XAV = cB. 16 x12 10. 15x15 =... 1. Bx 18.13 x13 = i 1 7 x14 16. 8x15 =... 14 xt 19. 15 x 14 = .. . 9 x13 22.11 x15 = ... . 15 x 13 25. 16 x 11 = 16 x 15 28. 14 x 14 = 14 x 12 Replace [_] by suitable numbers 31. 12 x 32, 13 x 117 34. 6x 35.[_]x 12 = 108 37.[_]x 15 = 105 38. 14x oO 40. 13 x 16941. 12x[[] = 180 3.2 Properties of multiplication (a) We know that 8 x 2=16 and 2x8=16 Also §x 7=35 and 7x5=35 This gives us the following property Property 1. While multiplying two given numbers, in whatever order we place them, the product will remain the same. (b)Let us multiply the numbers 3, 4, and 5. 1.3x4x5 2.3x5x4 3.5x4x3 Lod wu cy 12x56 15 x4 20x3 =60 =60 =60means that the product of the numbers 3, 4, and 5 in different orders same. This gives us the following property : perty2. in whatever order we multiply three given numbers, the product will remain the same ) Let us multiply 7 and 1 ) 7x1=7, 1x 1x8=8 je observe that the product of 7 and 1 is 7. And the product of 8 and 1 “This gives us the following property : ty 3. The product of a number and 1 is the number itself. us multiply 6 and 0 6x0=0, 0x6=0 0 7x0=0, O0x7=0 Ne observe that the product of 6 and 0 is 0. The product of 7 and 0 is 00.This gives us the following property : ity 4. The product of a number and 0 is 0. know that 3x 7 = 21 3x (443) 83x (4+3)=3x44+3x3 is we have the following property : 5. First number x (Second number +Third number) = First number x Second number. + First number x Third number 24 x 27 = 648, find 27 x 24. 24x27 =27x24 (Property 1) ‘Example 2. Multiply 921 by 1. The product of a number by 1 is the number itself. 921x1 =921 Example 3. Multiply 758 by 0. The product of a number by 0 is 0. 758x0=0 Example4. If 15 x 24 x 6 = 2160, find the product 15 x 6 x 24. If we multiply three given numbers in any order, the product remains t same. (Propertyg 15x 24x6 =15x6x24 But 15x 24x6 = 2160 15x6x 24 = 2160 Example5. Find the product : 4 x 7 x 25. 4x7x25 =4x25x7 = (4x 25) x7 = 100 x7 [Think ! = 700 : 4x7x25 = 700 Example6. Find the value : 6 x 35 + 6 x 65 6x35 +6x 65 = 6x (35 +65) =6x 100 = 600 6x35+6x65 = 600 1. Express the following as the product of two numbers : (a) 43443 +43 443 +43 +43 (b) 327 +327 + 327 + 327 +327 +327 +327 2. Express the following as repeated additions : (a) 3461 (b) 4x 465 (c) 7x62 (d) 8x 192 3. (a) If 24 x 25 = 600, evaluate 25 x 24. (b) If 10 x 18 x 7 = 1260, evaluate 18 x 10 x7. 42implify the following : (@) 2x79x5 (b) 5x63x2 (c) 74x5x2 (d) 2x5x75 ply : 35x 6+35x 4 (b) 57x 74+57x3 9x 60+9 x 40 (d) 24x8+24x2 itiplication by a one-digit number mple7. Multiply 42 by 7. 42x7 =7%42 =7x (40 +2) (42 = 40 + 2) =7x40+7x2 [First x (second + third) = =7x2+7x40 First x second + First x third] = 14+280 = 294 multiplication can be carried out vertically also. 40+2 x 7 14 <— 2x7 $280 <— 40x7 294 <— 42x7 observe that it is easier to use the vertical form of multiplication. hort way lI now multiply 42 by 7 in a short way. 4, We multiply 2 ones by 7. 42 2onesx7 = 14ones x7 = 1 ten, 4 ones 294 "We write 4 in one’s column in the answer row and carry 1 ten. 1 We multiply 4 tens by 7. 4x7 =28 4 tens x 7 = 28 tens 28+1=29 We add 1 ten which we carried from Step 1. 28 tens +1 ten = 29 tens = 2 hundreds 9 tens We write 9 in ten’s column in the answer row. Then we write 2 in hundred’s column in the answer row. Thus 42 x 7 = 294Example 8. Multiply 234 by 8. 1. Expanded notation 234x8 = 8x 234 = 8x (200 + 30 + 4) 8x 200+8x30+8x4 8x 4+8X30+8 x 200 = 32+240+1600 = 1872 2. The long way 234 x 8 32 <— Multiply 4 ones by 8 240 <— Multiply 3 tens by 8 +1600 <— Multiply 2 hundreds by 8 1872 <— Add the three products 3. The short way 23 = (S [Think | 1. Find the following products using the expanded notation : (a) 725 (b) 65 x8 (c) 93x6 (a) 87x7 (e) 124x8 (f) 2359 2. Find the following products using both the long way and the short wi (a) 82x3 (b) 62x2 (c) 95x4 (d) 99x5 (e) 39x6 (f) 56x7 (g) 735 x7 (h) 759x8 (i) 635x9 3, Multiply using the short way : 475 (c) 777 x3 x4 44(n) = 14tens = 140 Note that 14 tens = 14 x 10 and 14 is the product of 7 and 2.) ple10. Multiply 5 by 40 x40 = 5x 4 tens = 20 tens = 200 ote that 20 tens = 20 x 10 and 20 is the product of 4 and 5.) yple 11. Multiply 8 by 70. §x70 = 8x7 tens = 56 tens = 560 ote that 56 tens = 56 x 10 and 56 is the product of 8 and 7.) his gives us the following rule : multiply a number by 20, 30, 40, 50, ‘1, Multiply the number by 2, 3, 4,5, 2. Put a0 to the right of the product.3.5 Multiplication by 100, 200, 300, 400, etc. Example 12. Multiply 7 by 300. 7300 = 7x3 hundreds = 21 hundreds =2100 (Note that 21 hundreds = 21 x 100 and 21 is the product of 7 and 3.) Example 13. Multiply 5 by 400. ~ 5x400 = 5x4hundreds = 20 hundreds = 2000 (Note that 20 hundreds = 20 x 100 and 20 is the product of 5 and 4.) This gives us the following rule : To multiply a number by 200, 300, 400, 500, .. 1. Multiply the number by 2, 3, 4, 5, .. 2. Put 2 zeros to the right of the product. Find the followirig products : 4. (a) 7x20 (b) 3x20 (c) 14x30 (d) 80x 112 (e) 40x36 () 13x70 (9) 10x20 (h) 60x 138 () 2x72x5 () 7x5x20 (Kk) 8x74x5 () 49x80 (m) 90x76 (n) 28x9x10 (0) 18x7x10 (p) 6x 15x10 (q) 7x5x8 () 5x20x8 2. (a) 4x 200 (b) 6x 500 (c) 29x 300 (a) 3x 700 (e) 12x800 (f) 7x 400 (g) 5x 200 (h) 14x 700 (i) 9x 400 3. In one ngultrum there are one hundred chhertum. How many chhertu are there in 54 ngultrum ? 4. Inone metre there are one hundred centimetres. How many centimetreg are there in 36 metres ?tiplication by a two-digit number 44, Multiply 67 by 29. 67 j x29 <— (We think of 29 as 20 + 9) Muitiply by the ones 603 <—67x 9 = 603 +1340 <— 67x20 = 1340 Addingtheproducts 1943 <— 67x29 = 1943 is 67 x 29 = 1943 ple 15. Multiply 93 by 62. 93 x 62 (We think of 62 as 60 +2) tiplying by the ones 186 <— 93x2 = 186 lultiplying by the tens +5580 <— 93x60 = 5580 ding the products 5766 <— 93x62 fhus 93 x 62 = 576614, 346 x 26 Find the following products : 16. 49x 36 17. 73x43 . 83x 32 19. 87 x 25 20. 75x65 . 67x55, 22. 89x 47 23. 89x89 . 75 x 63 25. 67 x 66 26. 97x78 . 88 x 66 28. 95 x 76 29. 97x90 . 86 x 84 3.7 Problems on multiplication Example 16. If there are 50 match sticks in one box, how many male sticks will there be in 47 such boxes ? Number of match sticks in 1 box Therefore, number of match sticks in 47 boxes Example 17. There are 35 trees in a row. How many trees are there in rows ? Number of trees in a row 35 Therefore, number of trees in 37 rows" How many stamps does Karchung distribute ? Ateacher gave 16 sheets of paper to each of her 40 pupils. How many sheets of paper did the teacher distribute ? 8, Thereare 19 schools inThimphu. Each schoo! has 600 students init. How | many students are there altogether ? Ifthere are 42 apples in one basket, how many apples will be there in 230 baskets ? ‘Choida has 29 cards of old stamps. Each card has 75 stamps. How many Stamps does Choida have ? - One dozen oranges cost Nu 30. What is the cost of 65 dozen oranges ? . 57 persons can sit in one bus. How many persons can sit in 63 buses ? Yeshey solves 24 problems on each page. Her exercise book contains 48 pages. How many problems willYeshey solve in her exercise book ? @ ate 27 almirahs in a school library. Each almirah contains 345 ooks. Find the number of books in the library. fe are 76 rows ina cinema hall. In each row there are 50 seats. How any persons can sit in the hall ? sewing machine costs Nu 827. Find the cost of 10 sewing machines Ne box contains 58 sweets. How many sweets do 60 boxes contain ? zang sells 257 Kuensels every week. How many Kuensels does he sell ket of screws contains 28 screws. Find the number of screws in book contains 648 pages. Find the number of pages in 15 books.CR 1. Fill in the blanks : (a) 15x14 (d) 1x4 (g) 0x : 2. Fill in the boxes : (a) 24x 25 = 25 x (b) 13x =208 (c) x 12 = 168 (e) 9x 126 (f) a... x 13 = 169 (h) 18x... =180 (i) (b) 623 x =0 (c) 67x 89x 31=31x x67 (d) 283 x = 283 3. Evaluate by using the properties of multiplication (a) 2x65x5 — (b) 4x 79x25 4. Multiply : (a) 87 by78 (b) 504 by 13 (c) 423 by 23 5. Simplify : (a) 6x315x5 — (b) 231x40 (c) 10x80x3 (d) 6x29x50 (e) 8x23x50 (f) 9x6x50 6. The cost of 1 metre cloth is Nu 90. What is the cost of 7 metres of thi cloth ? 7. If the cost of 1 school bag is Nu 300, what will be the cost of 24 su bags ? 8. A bus can carry 42 passengers. How many passengers can 75 busi carry 2 9. There are 14 trees in a row. How many trees are there in 55 rows ? 10. Fill in the blanks : (a) Multiplication is a process of.......... addition (b) The product of any number with........... iS 0. (c) The product of any number with ......... is the number itself. (d) If we have to multiply a number by 100, we place.......... to the rig of the number. In whatever order we may multiply three given numbers, the produ will be the (e 50Letussuppose we wantto distribute 8 apples among 4 children. How many s does each child get ? You will say at once that each child gets two iS. But how do we find this answer ? @tus first give 1 apple to each child. Since there are 4 children, we give apples. We are now left with 8 — 4 = 4 apple. lowe give 1 more apple to each child. Once again we give away 4 apples. are left with 4 — |, Or no apples. ‘clear that each child gets 2 apples. 55 rows ? symbol = is the symbol for division. jivision as repeated subtraction example given above, while dividing 8 apples among 4 children, we dly subtracted 4 from 8 two times. And 2 was the answer that we got. itself. is, in fact, a process of repeated subtraction. _.to the rigl divide 20 by 5, , the produt atedly subtract 5 from 20. 5120 =5 < First time oe -5 <— Secondtime 1.05 _=5 < Third time 5 We stop at 0 because we -5 < Fourthtime cannot subtract 5 from 0. Oo We find that 5 can be repeatedly subtracted from 20 four times. Therefore, 20+5=4 20 is called the dividend. + is the sign of division 5 is called the divisor. 4is called the quotient We express 20 = 5 =4as nts Quotient Divisor > 5) 20 _<— Dividend Divisor > 5720 < Dividend “a0 -=20 0 < Remainder Quotient 4.3 Division as inverse of multiplication We know that 4x5 =20 We have also seen 4 and 20+4= 5 From this we can see that division is the inverse of multiplication. The multiplication fact 4 x § = 20 gives rise to two division facts (1)20+5=4 and (2)20=4 =5 Example 1. Write the multiplication fact for 36 = 4 = 9 The multiplication fact for 36 + 4 = 9 is 9x 4 = 36 Example2. Write division facts for 6 x 7 = 42 The two division facts are: 42+6=7 42:7=6 Example 3. Write division facts for 6 x 6 = 36 In this case, there is only one division fact :36 + 6 = 6, for the other divisiof fact will be the same.by means of repeated subtraction and find the quotient : (b) 2824 (c) 2525 ach sum circle the number which matches the word : 7 0. es ales 963 (b) 6)54 (c) 8)72 (a) 5)35 quotient dividend quotient down corresponding division facts : (b) 5x3 (e) 175 the boxes to make the following statements true : o-4-6 (vb) 5025 =10 = (c) 82 + =32 p16 =2-— $e 65213 = (fC: 8 =7 12 =7 () 9820 =14) (i) 90 = 6 = jperties of division Observe the following repeated subtraction and division facts : 4 3 -1_< First time + < First time 3 2 <1. < Second time -1_< Second time 2 1 =< Third time -1 < Third time =< Fourth time aR Thus 4+1=4 53Similarly, we can verify that 5 = 1.=5and7=1=7 This gives the following property of division : Property 1. If we divide any number by 1, the quotient is the number itsel (b) Now observe the following repeated subtraction and division facts 4 5 6 =f = ts ao 2 Thus 4=4=1 | Thus5+5=1 | Thus6+ This gives the following property of division Property 2. If we divide any number (except 0) by the number itself, t quotient is always 1. (c) Let us now subtract 0 repeately from any number, say 5 : 5 -0 <— First time 5 -0 <— Secondtime 5 -0 <— Thirdtime 5 We notice that every time we subtract 0 from 5, we get 5, and this pro has no end. So if we divide 5 by 0, we cannot find the quotig We conclude Property 3. The division of any number by 0 has no meaning (d) Multiplication fact: 4x0 =0 Division fact : 0 + 4 (The other division fact 0 = 0 is meaningless, Proper! 5x0=0 0+5 We conclude Property 4. If we divide 0 by any number (except 0), the quotient always 0.@ boxes to make the following statements true : =L] 2.13 +(J=13 12 =1 5. +26=0 +8 =0 8. 8215 =21 11. 0+21= =no meaning Division using multiplication tables nple 4. Divide 24 by 6 using multiplication tables. [Think ! 8. 81 11. 35+7 ision without a remainder an learn the process of division with the help of bundles of match sticks gle match sticks. divide 86 by 2. n think of 86 as eight bundles of 10 match sticks each (8 tens) and je sticks (6 ones). 55COTM ONT - non | Bae | First we divide 8 bundles into two equal groups. We get 4 bundles (4 te in each group. Next we divide 6 match sticks into 2 equal groups. We get 3 sticks (3 01 in each group. Therefore, when we divide 86 by 2, the answer is 4 tens and 3 oneg 40+3=43. Let us now learn the process of division without the help of match stick Example 6. Divide 86 by 2 1. First divide tens. 2. Now carry 6 below a 8. Now divide ones. In division, we proceed from Remember !| left to right. 2. The quotient is 43.2. Carry 4 below. 3. Divide tens. 2 4je48 oF -34 jere -8 os -4 ix4=4504 4-420 > 5. Now divide ones. 2. Carry 0 below. 2 3/603 ~84 06 quotient is 201.SET 4 (d) ae a = Se oo Find the quotient in each of fie following division sums : 18. 4804 4.7 Division with a remainder Let us divide 9 apples among 4 children. If we give 1 apple to each chil 4 apples are gone and 5 apples are left with us. If we give 1 more apple ead 4 more apples are gone and we are left with 1 apple. Thus we find that we cannot divide 9 apples among 4 children equally. The four children get2 apples each and 1 apple is left with us. Let us repeatedly subtract 4 from 9. 9 <4 <— First time 5 =4 <— Secondtime 1 We find that 4 can be repeatedly subtracted from 9 two times and 1 is! behind. This 1 is, as you know, called the remainder. We say, 2; remainder 1 Note. There is a very important relationship between the dividend, divis quotient and remainder : Dividend = Divisor x Quotient + Remainder Let us verity. In the example taken above, 9 + 4 = 2, remainder 1 Dividend = 9, Divisor = 4 Quotient =2, Remainder =1 58Divisor x Quotient + Remainder = 4x 2+1=8+1 = Dividend ais relationship is often used to check our answer in a division problem. jple9. Divide 37 by 5 and check your answer. We do this sum with the help of multiplication tables. Verification Divisor x Quotient + Remainder 5x74+2 35 +2 37 = Dividend +. 7 should be the quotient. 2 Hence the answer is verified. Quotient , remainder First we divide hundreds :6 + 3 = 2— Next we divide tens : 3 + 8, Lastoof all, we divide ones : 5 + 3= 17 Rem. 2 +. Quotient = 211, remainder = 2 \ Verification Divisor x Quotient + Remainder = 3 x 211+2 = 633 + 2 = 635 = Dividend rkout the following divisions and verify the answers : j 2.4738 3.66+9 44522 5.6223 7.961=3 8. 483:4 9667+6 10. 938+3 sion with re-grouping ple 11. Divide 69 by 4. Change 2 tens into ones a and add 9 ones. ing — ele e0 ce 29 +47, remainder 1We actually show this division as on the right. Verification : Divisor x Quotient + Remainder 4x174+1 68+1 = 69 = Dividend Example 12. Divide 356 by 6. = ease First we divide hundreds. 3<6 <: we cannot divide 3 hundreds by 6. [Think | a 635 -30 5 1. Change 3 hundreds into tens and add 5 ten 3x 10=30 30+5=35 2. Divide 35 tens by 6. 35 + 6 = 5, remainder 5 (5 tens) a = 5 6)356 =30 56 Change 5 tens into ones. and add 6 ones 5x 10=50 50+6=56 59 63 3 2 Divide 56 ones by 6. - , remainder 2 <. 356 + 6 = 59, remainder 2 This is how we show it. 59 6)356 —30V Verification Divisor x Quotient + Remainder 6x 5942 35442 = 356 = Dividend= ample 13. Divide 827 by 9 and verify the result. x Quotient inder . " F * Divisor x Quotient + Remainder x9148 dividend d add 5 tens. }. 87 +7 4. 12. 16. 20. 24. 28. 10 =7, remainder 9. 15. Divide 687 by 10. jemainder 10) 7_ Thus 687 + 10 = 68, remainder 7 61Note. Examples 14 and 15 give the following rule for dividing a number by 1 * When we divide a number by 10, we get the quotient by removing the digit at one's place from the number. The digit at one's place gives us the remainder. Forexample, 875+=10 932+10 87 5<— Remainder 93 2<—Remainder Quotient Quotient 4. 514=10 8. 807+ 10 12. 540+ 10 4.10 Problems on division Example 16. There are 49 children in a room. They form teams of 7 child each. How many teams can be formed ? 7 children form 1 team. Therefore, 49 children will form (49 = 7) teams 7 y49 -49 0 Thus, 7 teams can be formed. Example 17. One ball pen can be had for Nu 7. How many ball pens ¢ child get for Nu 140 ? 1 ball pen can be had for Nu 7 Therefore, (140 = 7) ball pens can be had for Nu 140. Thus, 20 ball pens can be had for Nu 140.number by 10. fe ee - ee tl removing the | lace gives us |. 7 children went on apicnic. Altogether they collected Nu 350. How many ngultrum did each child contribute ? (2, The Price of 5 kg of oil is Nu 315. What is the price of 1 kg of oil ? 3, Acinema hall has 738 seats spread in 9 rows. How many seats are there ier ineach row ? “4, 356 chewing gums are to be distributed among a certain number of children. Each child gets 8 chewing gums. How many children are there? many chewing gums will be left behind ? 952 persons go to Thimphu by taxi. One taxi carries 4 persons. How Many taxis are used to carry all the persons to Thimphu ? 720 screws are to be packed in packets. One packet can contain 10 "sctews. How many packets willbe needed ? 846 ngultrum are to be equally distributed among 9 persons. How much 40+ 10 " willeach person get ? ‘Ashopkeeper purchased 432 eggs packed in boxes. Each box contained ms of 7 childi Geggs. How many boxes did he purchase ? 7persons planted 588 trees. How many trees did each of them plant 7 How many stamps, each costing 5 ngultrum can be bought for Nu738? How many ngultrum will be left behind ? ‘bus travels 270 kilometres in 9 hours. How many kilometres does it travel int hour ? rill d vide 36 by 7 by the process of repeated subtraction. What is the tient ? What is the remainder ? ithe corresponding division facts for each of the following multiplication ball pens cai 9x7=63 (b) 8x9=72 (c) 9x9=81 X22 x ww 63. Fill in the boxes : 4. @ be+1 = Coy i+t- te) 1+ Coe () 0+ 1=C0 ©) 2%+C1=1 @) C)+10=1 Find the quotient with the help of multiplication tables : (a) 117=9 (b) 108 +12 (c) 56=7 (d) 7226 (e) 165=11 () 126=14 . Find the quotient and the remainder, and verify your answer : (a) 726+5 (b) 423+6 (c) 60; (d) 52427 (e) 7212 () 973+ . Put the appropriate sign x or + in (a) 56 ((] 8 =7 (b) 357 7=5 (c) 10 [10 =1 (d) 8Clo=0¢) 8C15=40 () 81] 9=9 (9) 9 Cle =1 (h) s24L_T9 = 36 (i) 30) 9 = 270 . Kuenga divided 647 by 7 and got 92 as quotient and 5 as remainder, Kuenga's answer correct? . Mr. Gyelpo has Nu 817. He distributes this money among his wor giving each one of them Nu 8. How many workers get the money ? H@ much money is left with Mr. Gyelpo ? . Ateacher had 754 sheets of paper. She gave 6 sheets of paper to ed of her students. How many students got the sheets ? How many she were left with the teacher ? ). Say whether the following statements are true or false. In case of fd statements, write the corresponding true statements : (a) Division is a process of repeated addition. (b) Multiplication and division are inverse of each other. (c) If we divide a number by 0, we get 0 as the quotient. (d) It we divide a number by the number itself, we get 1 as the quotnomeaning whole is dividedintotwo is, each of the parts is je-half of the whole. The jortion in each of the figures is one-half of the whole eunshaded portionis also Ifof the whole figure. e-half, one part out of two irts is taken. So we express iby the symbol. We read je by two’ or ‘one over two’ or ‘one upon two’. ke both the shaded and the unshaded portions together, we get the Itmeans that two halves make a whole. We write it as this collection of 8 balls. ed line divides it into two rls. There are 4 ballsineach a whole is divided into parts, each of the parts one-fourth or one-quarter ole.Here the shaded portion in each of the figures given is one-fourth of the whole figure. In one-fourth, one part out of four equal parts is taken. So we express one-fourth by In all the figures given above, three parts out of four are unshaded. Ea unshaded part is called three-fourths or three-quarters. We expre three-fourths by the symbol 3 is read as‘three by four or'three over fo or'three upon four’ The shaded portions in the figures above represent three-fourths. Observe the following figures carefully Two-fourthsor —Three-fourths —Four-fourths one half 2 opel are We see that four-fourths make a whole. 2.1.04 fd and 421 4 Now look at this collection of 8 balls. The dotted lines divide it into four smaller collections, which are all equal. Since there are 2 balls in each small collection, 1 — of 8=2 qo Similarly, we can see that t of 12= 3, and fof 16-4 66One-third and two-thirds When a whole is divided into three equal parts, each of the parts is called ‘One-third of the whole. “Theunshaded portion is two-thirds of the whole figure. One thirdis written F TWothirds is writen as 2, One-third ‘Two-thirds Three-thirds or a whole 1 3 5 Fort ee that three-thirds make a whole. 3 Br)! this collection of 12 & | '@) @ '@ ® hedotted lines dividedit @ equal parts. Since fe 4 balls in each small ® @! '@ ®! '@ ®; 5.4 One-fifth, one-sixth, ......., one-tenth, etc. Carefully look at the following figures One-fifth One-sixth One-seventh One-eighth | 1 1 1 1 5 6 7 8 VY 4) CA wo 10 5 Now look at these figuresFractional numbers ‘Such numbers as one-half, one-third, two-fifths, nine-tenths, etc., are called 29 tional numbers. Their symbols +, +, 2, 5, etc., are called fractions. 6Numerator and denominator fraction is expressed by writing two numbers, one over the other, and fated by a horizontal line. le number below the line tells the number of equal parts into which whole is divided. This number is called the denominator of the fraction. number above the line tells the number of parts which are taken. This eris called the numerator of the fraction. _5. denominator->8 ple1. Write the fraction which represents (a) the parts of the figure which are shaded; (b) the parts of the figure which are unshaded. igure has been divided into six equal parts. (a) Of these 6 equal parts, two parts are "shaded Therefore, the required fraction = 2 9) 4 parts out of a total of 6 equal parts are unshaded. Therefore, the required fraction =4 1 2. Find a of 24. take a collection of 24 stars de it into 6 equal parts. cethat each part consists ofExample 3. Write the numerator and denominator for each of the following fractions: (a) (o) 2 Also, express these fractions as fractional numbers. (a) In 7 the numerator is 3, the denominator is 7. (b) In 2, the numerator is 2, the denominator is 5. 3 ‘is expressed as three-sevenths. aD 2 is expressed as two-fifths 1. In the following figures, write below each the fractional number and t fraction which represent the shaded portion (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) (f) oo eos AA a = — = og : | a) 2 @ 4 2 AAA AAAA @ + (h) 2 03 ce NAA a a : ot : (y) =3. In each of the following figures, state (a) what part of the figure is shaded, (b) what part of the figure is unshaded . Write fractions for each of the following : (a) One-eighth (b) Two-sevenths (c).Three-fifths (d) Four-ninths (e) Seven-tenths (f) Five-sixths . Write fractional numbers for each of the following : (a) 3 (bo) 4 () @t et . Draw 12 balls. Shade one-third of them with pencil. . (a) How many one-fourths are there in a whole? (b) How many one-sixths are there in a whole? . In the fraction =, (a) What is 3 called ? (b) What is 2 called ? (c) What does 3 tell us? (d) What does 2 tell us ? (e) How do we read the fraction? . Write the numerator for eactt of the following fractions + 3 5 4 3 (a) > (b) (c) > (d) > (e) Write the denominator for each of the following fractions 5 - 4 3 1 (a) = ot @+f @3° wt 72Write the fraction formed with (a) 4s the numerator and 7 as the denominator; (b) 6 as the numerator and 8 as the denominator; (0) 8as the denominator and 3 as the numerator. 12. Anappleis to be divided equally among 4 children. Into how many equal parts should the apple be cut?Write the share of each child as a traction. 3. Find. 1 1 1 (a) jor 12 (b) 5 of 15 (6) § of 30 Fractions on a number line B c D kat the number line given above. A represents 0, B represents 1, C gents 2 and D represents 3. i. 2 2 lors B c D gw the segment AB has been divided into two equal parts. P is half-way Aand B. The point P represents one-half or i B represents z iso know that B represents1. Therefore 2 This is what we have D above figure, the segment AB has been divided into three equal parts. ents +, Q represents 2 and B represents 2 or 1 1 Tz PIn the figure on the previous page, the segment AB has been divided i four equal parts. P represents 7, Q represents 7, R represents 7 and represents 4 ort. We observe that A represents zero, or 0= Therefore, Se gee oe a a 1. What fractions are represented by the points P and Q in following figure 0 1 A P Q B 1 2. Write the fractions represeted by the thick segments in the followi figures:n divided int nts = and 0 1 ; A B the point on the number line that represents the given fraction: oO. 1 @f —.—__+—__+—__- A ; 4 0 1 i .< A B wing figure? 9 2 0 1 ee ed, 1 5 A B B is 0 1 >= _—4 =? A B @ following ; 0 1 pe os st a = 1 p A B —_1—> alentfractions 8 fold a strip of paper into two equal parts and shade one part. If we 1 it will look like —_—1—> : B 1 == B the same strip again and fold it into four equal parts. Let us unfold 1 a dark line each at the two new creases formed. The strip will like e ae 1 —- ded portion in the strips is the same. sfirst strip it represents the fraction - 75In the second strip it represents the fraction 1 2 4, and | are calledequivalent fractions The following figures show that i 2 and : are equivalent fractions * Equivalent fractions are two or more fractions which represent the same part of the whole 3_ 1x3 (a) We know that anaes Since 2 6 1 fe af 3 This gives us the following property of equivalent fractions : * ifwe multiply the numerator and denominator of a fraction by the sam number (other than zero), we get an equivalent fraction. 2+2 1 (b) We observe that 2~2 = + We also know that 2 and + are equivalent fractions. Therefore, we conclude : * Tfwe divide the numerator and denominator of a fraction by the sal number (other than zero), we get an equivalent fraction, 76The numerator of the first x the denominator ofthe second = 1x6 =6 ractions. The denominator of the first x the numerator ofthe second = 3x2 =6 + Therefore, we conclude : * \ftwo fractions are equivalent, the numerator of the first fraction multiplied by the denominator of the second fraction is equal to the denominator of the first fraction multiplied by the numerator of the second fraction. 12 3 (a) $ ana Since 3 x 16 = 4x 12, ¢ and 12 are equivalent fractions. The fractions 2 and $ are equivalent if2 x7 =5x3 Bx7=14 5 x3=15 22x 7 and 5x3 are not equal, and? arenotequivalent fractions. 77(a) Write four fractions equivalent to ; (Hint. In the diagram, points representing 3, same vertical line.) 78 L oe eC Hl 2 2 3 a - ol 4 2 3 4 4 | 3 Ea: 5 5 5 2 a = 6 6 6 3 i 23 18 8 8 8 3 -& Ao Os 3 g 9 3 g Oo. at Bios Bsiovirde Bhi 8 ot nto ee 70 0 10 10 10 70 10 16lb) Are + and 2 equivalent fractions ? 4 8 (c) Are > and © equivalent fractions ? 8 9 {d) Write one fraction equivalent to 4 : (e) Write two fractions equivalent to = (f) Write one fraction-equivalent to 19 ak {h) Is there any fraction equivalent tot? If so, write it. lith the help of the figures given here, write two fractions equivalent to “the following fractions : (g) Is there any fraction equivalent to 1H Ti) 1 @3 two fractions equivalent to each of the following fractions: 2 a @2 — (h 2 1 iy 2 OAs © OA wm tf Y 5 7 (i) of the following pairs are equivalent fractions? 6 13 3 © 545 6 3 43 oF % wm 5.9 Ordering of fractions (a) Same numerator Look at the following four strips of the same size: From the shaded portions it is clear that 1 1 1 1 1 1 Ail oa et ee 3° 4 4°65 Again look at the shaded portions of the following strips: From the shaded portions it is clear that oe gee e012, 2 Si aaee oe be 8 So we get the following rule: * If two fractions have the same numerator, the one having the s1 denominator is greater than the other.jedenominator J0k at the shaded portions of two given circles of the same size: the shaded parts of these squares, it is clear that 2 1 3 2 os tang > 2 we get the following rule : 0 fractions have the same denominator, the one with the greater erator is greater than the other. 8 ‘ 8 p Boke le. Which is greater : 5 or 55 ? 8 = and 0 have the same numerator 8. 9<10 8 8 3 > 04 Example 7. Which is smaller : 8 or 7? 8 and : have the same denominator 7. 4<5 4.5 Therefore, > <>. Example 8. Arrange in descending order : 55535 976 5 5.45 =, Sand— . 9” 7 and have the same numerator 5, 6<7and7<9. 5. 5505846 2>2and2>2 8 eho «. the descending order of the given fractions is 5 7 Example 9. Arrange in ascending order : at ee 888 » Sand : have the same denominator 8. 4,and4 < 6 4.6 <= and —<— 8 8 ~. the ascending order of the given fractions is :a. Replace [_] by > or < to make the following statements true : 1 1 a 2 5 5 @ 203 ®4Us @3Ule 2. Replace [~]by < or > to make the following statements true 1 3 2 4 7 5 @=Os ® 55 © 506 3 6 5 3 2 1 @3Us ©) 7O7 () 9 O40 10 9 8 6 5 6 O50 MBO Oph Circle the greater of the two given fractions : 76 oT 6 6 (@) 95 () 43° 43 97 Arrange the following fractions in ascending order : 314 267 914 315 M777 Ogee OTT Vase Arrange the following fractions in descending order : B25 6 4 8 4 10 7 8 7 10 Boss “iow CMT © 2 i212 Addition of fractions denominator ‘us learn how to add fractions having the same denominator. mi} Fi: BIN) = sun + xe 1 Nie 83(a) 2 i This gives us the following important rule for the addition of fractior The sum of two or more fractions having the same denominator = __Sum of numerators The same denominator 4 Example 10. Find the Sum ot and 7 Both the given fractions have the same denominator 7. Numerator of 3+ Numerator of $ a4 +45 ish The same denominator Tr 22 1 Example 11. Add 5, 5 and 5: 9 9 Allthe three given fractions have the same denominator 9. 2 _ 2 an 2 a eae ere kl _S 999 9 9The denominator of one fraction is a multiple of the denominator of the other fraction us find out 2 2 +h 1 le find an equivalent fraction of 2 with 4 as denominator.1. Draw a circle. Divide it into 6 equal parts. Colour two parts. Then colf one part. Thus find out 2,1 Zl 6 6 2. Draw a rectangle. Divide it into 8 equal parts. Colour three parts.Tl colour two parts. Thus find out 3.2 25s 8.8 3. Find the sum of the following fractions with the help of the numberFill in the boxes so that the following statements may be true : 3 (8) 70 *t0 a mie) sts + 19 1 1 Thinley spent = of his pocket money on buying a book and another on buying sweets. What part of his money did he spend in all? 1 2 Mr Sangay gave — of his property to his wife, to his son and 3 to his daughter. What part of his property did Mr. Sangay give away ? 1 3 Tamang travelled 7; of his journey on the first day, += on the second and 2 on the third day. What part of the journey did Tamang cover these three days ? Subtraction of fractions Letus now learn how to subtract fractions having the same denominator. 5 he fist figure, the shaded part represents the fraction 5.J In the second figure, we remove 2 shaded parts which represent fl fraction 2. In the last figure, we at traction Thus re left with only 3 shaded parts, representing t! ae: Be. = = ak Sire: 1 From this example, we get a very simple but important rule for fi subtraction of fractions: Difference of two fractions having the same denominator Difference of numerators The same denominator 1 Example 13. Subtract (a) ¢ from 3 (b) x from % 4011 14-11 3 ) bo = = 17( 17 17 17 into 16 equal parts. Shade 7 parts with yo 1. Draw a square. Divide it .d. Count the remaining p pencil. Now colour3 of the shaded parts re 7 ae shaded with pencil. Thus find the difference between 7gand 76 j 4resent th 2. Draw a rectangle. Divide it into 8 equal parts. Shade 3 parts with your pencil. Cross one part with a red pencil. Count the remaining parts. Now ‘ 3.1 write down the value of a8 Use the number line to solve the following : 2 4 (ce) 7 from iT 6 13 (8) a7 from a7 9 16 (i) $ from 33 Ss alo ajo J sho lo gle> Blo ala eb slo ~}o aN a(a) 42 - ) 2-2-5 7 5 2 1 (c) =e - (d) E) - ) 2 - 4 . Dolma covered 75 of her journey on Monday and Tuesday. If s 3 covered 7 of her journey on Monday, what part of the journey did si cover on Tuesday ? 6 . Mingbo did 7 of his homework on Saturday and Sunday. If he did of the homework on Saturday, what part of the homework did hé d on Sunday ? . (a) Express one-sixth as a fraction. Then write its numerator ai denominator. (b) How many one-sixths are there in a whole ? (c) Find one-sixth of 24. (d) Write two fractions equivalent to one-sixth. . Which of the following fractions are equivalent ? Pe 30 . Replace [-] by < or > to make the following statements true : 7 7 10-0; @ 79 Oye ©) 34 Oy els 14 8 @) 75 O43 () 75 Diag 4 8 37 5 (@) 75 30 (>) oa’ 56 (c) a7"I. Arrange in ascending order : 8 6S 10’ 10’ 10’ 70 i 5. Arrange in descending order : | 2 46 8’ 8’ 8’ 3. Add : Brs2 8.5 7 40 y. If she (a) io *to~ (6) BP oy (c) a5? By. 3 Biv a7 () oy 2 (2). 35 19 9 4 15 5 14 tor al () 55 % (©) 29 > 39 (f) 39 ~ 69 Mindu spent 9 of his money on comics and 2 of his money on video ‘games. What fan of his money did Mindu Spend on these two items ? ngdi spent ofher money on buying apenand pencil, ifthe pencil A st Of the money, what part of her money did the pen cost 2 a lef@ are 24 children ina bus. dot them are girls. How many girls are lere in the bus 7 911 12. Choeden had 15 sweets. She gave away 3 of them. How many sweets; were left with her? 13. Fill in the blanks with appropriate words : (a) There are .......... one-fifths in a whole. (b) Two or more fractions which represent the same part of the whol are called .. (c) Ifwe multiply or divide the numerator and denominator of a fractio by the same number (other than zero), we get an ..... (d) Iftwo fractions have the same denominator, the one with the small numerator is the .......... of the two.| Common solids Cuboid Cylinder Sphere Cone ire already familiar with some common solids found around us. dice shown on the right is a cube. metry box is a cuboid.Aball is a sphere Cone is another common shape. Abirthday cap is in the shape of acone.2. Count the number of shapes in the pictures below and write their number in the boxes : Cuboids Cylinders Spheres Cones 956.2 Plane and curved surfaces All solids occupy space. The partof a solid which we usually see or touch is called the surface of the solid. Surfaces also are of different types. If we touch the various parts of a dice and then a ball, we can feel some! difference in their surfaces. Surfaces may be eitherplane or curved. A dice is made up of only plane surfaces. A ball has only a curved surface. A geometry box, a match boxand atelevision set also have plane surfaces. But an egg has a curved surface: A powder tin, a battery cell and a birthday cap have both types of surfaces — Ee Curved itace: Curved ead surface 6.3 Surfaces, edges and corners Lookatthe envelope shown here. It has a plane surface. A plane surface is also called a face. Ithas 4 edges and 4 corners. A corner is also called a vertex. The plural form of ‘vertex’ is ‘vertices’.4 More about solids Cube. Look at the figure on the it It looks like a chalk box. It is a . A cube has 6 faces. All the See ee sare ofthe same shape and size. 2. 12 edges Cube has three pairs of opposite s.The opposite faces of a cube do itmeet. Otherwise, any two adja- iffaces of a cube meet in an edge. Can you count the number of edges? ube has 12 edgesin all. All the edges of a cube are also of the same size. . Its sides BC, CD and GC meet in the vertex C. the number of vertices. There are 8 vertices in all. oid. The figure on the rightis id. Like acube, acuboid also ices, 12 edges and8 verti- @ a cube, it also has three of opposite faces. The oppo- 1. 6 faces esare ofthe same shape and 00k at the faces ABCD and i. Are they equal? No, they are en avettices low look atthe faces ABCD and Are they equal?You will find en they are not equal. Alll the faces of a cuboid are not equal. Only the ite faces are equal. Cube 8, 8 vertices Cube 2. 12 edges larly all the edges of a cuboid are not equal. Only the opposite edges al. and cuboid. Cube and cuboid look alike. But they are notalike inal Can you tell the points of similarity 2 ithe cube and the cuboid have 6 faces, 12 edges and 8 vertices. ‘can you tell the points of difference ? Cube Cuboid faces of the same size. (a) Only the opposite faces of the same size: ithe edges of the same size. _(b) Only the opposite edges of the same size. 97We should remember thata cube is a special kind of cuboid in which all faces andall the edges are of the same size. Every cubeisa cuboid. rs Every cuboid is not a cube. ~ Cylinder. The figure on the right is that of a cylinder. Pies: Acylinderhasonly threefaces. cuved Two of the faces are plane, the ““"*°* % third face is curved. The plane 3. no vertex faces are called the base and top ofthe cylinder. The curvedfaceis base ~~ called the curved surface. Acylinder hastwo round edges. One round edge encloses the base; other round edge encloses the top. A cylinder has no vertex. Sphere. The figure onthe right ened utara, is that of a sphere. A sphere is exactly like a ball. It ees has only one face which is a curved sua curved surface. 2.no edge A sphere has no edge, no i Sie vertex. surface. Cone. Thefigureontherightis = \, ices that of a cone. Acone has onlytwo faces. The t plane face iscalledbaseandthe = C77 —> curved face is called curved sur- — face. Acone has onlyone edge where the base meets the curved surface. it has only one er which is also called its tip. | | 1 plane, 1 @ EN at edge Sivan plano“autace S890 Ta, — oo 1. Name any three objects having the shape of a (a) cube; (b) cuboid; (c) cylinder; (d) sphere; (e) ca 98here’ oa ed surface ige Complete the following table : Cube Cuboid Cylinder lich of the following figures will make a closed cube? = (d) (e) (f) ae a cube on a sheet of paper and trace the outlines of its base with a il. Remove the cube and cut the sheet along the pencil mark. Use this cetocheck whether all the faces of the cube are equal. What do youfind? 995. Name the solid which has (a) noedge; (b) two edges. 6. Name the solid which has (a) one face; (b) two faces; (c) three faces. 6.5 Plane surfaces Square. The figure on the right is one of the faces of a cube. It is called square.|t has 4 edges called sides and4 corners calledvertices. Allthe sides of a square are of the same length. Rectangle. The figure onthe rightis one of the faces of a cuboid. Itis called rectangle. It also has 4 sides and 4 vertices. The opposite sides of a rectangle are equal * Both the square and the rectangle have four sides and four verti Butina square, allthe sides are equal. Ina rectangle, only opposite si are equal. Triangle. The figure on the right is a triangle. It has 3 sides and 3 vertices Take a square-shaped piece of paper. Fold it in such a way that the opposite vertices coincide. The folded piece has the shape of a triangle. 100Circle. The figure on the right is called circle. It has no side or vertex. 4. Name any three objects that have only rectangular surfaces. 2, Look at the following figures carefully and try to recognise them. Then write R for rectangle, S for square, T for triangle C for circle : J Q Of ( (h) ssn3. Count the squares, rectangles, triangles and circles in the following and write their number : Y ® Squares......... Rectangles. ........ Triangles. ........ Circles. . Name any three objects whose faces are circular in shape. . Fill in the blanks : (a) A square has (b) A triangle has . (c) All the sides of a square are (d) A cscs. has three vertices. (e) The opposite sides of a rectangle are 6.6 Point Look at the corners of a table where the edges meet. Each corner represents a point. The top ofthe table has fourcorners. These four corners are four points. The four corners of this page are also examples of a point.The tip of your pen as well as pencil also represents a point. If youmarka very thin dot onapiece ‘of paper with a well sharpened pencil, this thin dot in geometry fepresents a point. We name the points with the help of capital let- ters as A, B, C, D and so on. The figure below is that of the point P. Pp 7Line segment Just as the corners of a table represent points, the edges of the table present line segments. The top of the table has four edges. These four edges re four line segments. The four edges of a rectangle and the three sides of {riangle are all examples of a line segment. To draw a line segment we make use of a ruler. A ruler is an instrument ing markings in centimetres from Oto 15 on one side as shown below. The side with markings from 0 to 6 show inches. taal etus mark two points A and B ona piece of paper and put our rulerin such iway that one of its edges touches both the points. Now move your pencil the point A to the point B along the edge of the ruler. gota figure like the one shownon 4 right. Itis called line segment AB. 103We must remember that a line segment has length, but no breadth o thickness, whereas a point has no length, no breadth and no thicknes Whenever two line segments meet, they meet in a point. B P A D A c Q R Cc B (a) (b) (c) In Figure (a), line segments AB and AC are meeting at the point A. In Figure (b), line segments PQ and QR are meeting at the point Q. In Figure (c), line segments AB and CD are meeting at the point P. In Figure (d), line segments AB and CD are meeting at the point D 1. How many points are marked on the line segment AB between A and B? How have these points been named? 2. Name the line segments of the following figures: D Cc P A (a) a oe) Eo sGe=D) 3. Name the line segments in this figure Also name the points in which the line segments meet. F 4. Mark a point on a piece of paper. Draw 5 line segments through this point 1046.8 Measuringa line segment We measure a line segmentwith the help ofa ruler. To measure the segment AB, we place our ruler in such a way that the zero mark of our ruler coincides ‘with the point A and the edge showing centimetres lies along the line segment ‘AB. We note the mark of the ruler that touches or is nearest to the end B of ‘the line segment. This gives us the length of the line segment. In the figure, the length of the line segment is 7 centimetres. ie length of the line segment onthe A ight is 6 cm. . To measure a line segment, itis not necessary to make the zero mark ofthe ruler coincide with the first point. In the figure shown above, the tuler is touching the line segment in such a way that the point A lies long with the 2. cm mark. B is at the 6 cm mark. What is the length of the line segment AB? Clearly, it is 6-2 = 4. cm. Drawing a line segment of a given length Todraw a line segment, say of length 4 centimetres, we mark a point Aon paper and place our ruler in such a way that the zero mark on the ruler incides with A. Next we mark a point B on the paper against the mark 4 on tuler. We press the ruler firmly with one hand and join the points A and B tha finely sharpened pencil. The line segment thus drawn is 4 cmlong. (See page). Find the length of the following line segments with the help of a ruler. Write your answers in the blanks. (a) AB (bo) A _______B (c) A (¢) A ________B .. Measure the sides of the following figures : D cs : R Q (a) (b) 3. Take a postcard and measure its length and breadth. 4. Measure the length of your pencil. 1065. Draw line segments of the following lengths : (a) 8cm (b) 11cm (c) 7m 6.10Perimeter Lookat the figure on the right. Itis a triangle. itis made up of three line segments AB, BC, A and AC. Line segment AB is 2 cm long; line Segment BCs 4 cmlong; and line segment AC is 3 cm long. The sum of these lengths is B c (2+4 +3) or 9 cm. This sum is called peri- ‘meter. The perimeter of a figure is the sum of the lengths of all its sides. The perimeter of a figure is the sum of the lengths of all its sides. Example 1. Find the perimeter of the following figures : it (a) A B (b) A D c B {@) Figure (a) is made up of line segments AB, BC, AD and DC. Let us measure these line segments. We find that Line segment AB = 3 cm LinesegmentBC = 3 cm Line segment AD = 3 cm Line segment DC = 3 cm Therefore, the perimeter of the figure ABCD 3om+3cm+3em+3cm 120m (In fact this is the figure of a square.) ) Figure (b) is made up of line segments AB, BC, and AC. When we measure these line segments, we find that Linesegment AB = 3cm Line segmentBC = 4 cm Line segment ACTherefore, the perimeter of the figure ABC cm+4cm+6cm = 13cm PROBLENSETE 1. Find the perimeter of the following figures : D Cc D Aa) 8 a (b) A D CJ B c A B (c) (d) 2. Find the perimeter of a square each of whose sides is 5 cm 3. A triangle is made up of three line segments 5 cm, 6 cm and 8 cm respectively. Find the perimeter of the triangle. 4. A children park is in the shape of a triangle. Its three sides are 2 24 mand 27 mlong. How much will Kezang have to walk if he walks the park ? 1086.11 Area Figures like squares, rectangles, triangles and polygons, etc., occupy some portion of the plane in which they are constructed. This portion occupied by any plane figure is called its AREA. Inorder to measure the area of any figure, we compare it with the area of asquare of unit length. ” The smallest square of unit length may be taken as a square of 1 cmside, Whose area is considered to be 1 square centimetre. Sometimes, itis written as 1 cm? also. tom Taquare emt tom 42 Area of arectangle For measuring the area ofa rectangle with length 7 cmand breadth 4 om, mark centimetre points on all the four sides of the rectangle. aes 4cm [peconenee | —_——7 cm —__—* Then we join the opposite points as shown in the figure. 4cm/—+—++- _| «7 om: a le see that the rectangle has been dividied into small squares. 109Let us count the number of these squares. From this y We find that there are 28 squares. The area of 1 small square :. the area of 28 small squares ‘the area of the rectangle But 28 Thus, the area of a rectangle of length 7 cm and breadth 4 om = (7 x 4) sq. om 28 sq. cm. 1 sq. om. 28 sq. om. 28 sq. cm. 7x4 Similarly, the area of a rectangle of length 5 cm and breadth 3 cm = (5 x 3) sq. cm. 15 sq.cm. Area of a rectangle = (Length x Breadth) square uni Note. If the length and breadth of a rectangle are measured in metres, fi corresponding unit of area will be square metres or m?. Example 2. Find the area of a rectangle whose length is 4 m and bread 3m. Length of the rectangle Breadth m 2 Area = (4x3) sq.m = 12sq.m Example 3. Find the area ofa rectangle piece of paper 11 cmlongand8 wide. Length of the piece of paper = 11. cm Breadth 8cm 2 Area 11 x 8) sq. cm = 88 sq.cm. 6.13 Area of a square We know that a square is a special kind of rectangle whose length breadth are equal. So instead of talking about the length and breadi square, we talk about simply the side of a square. We already know that Area of a rectangle = (Length x Breadth) sq. units 110| tres, the readth is jand 8 length af readth From this we can easily conclude that ‘Area of a square = (side x side) square units = Side? square units Example 4. Find the area of a square whose side is 40 cm. Side of the square = 40 cm 2 Its area = (40 x 40) sq. cm 1600 sq. cm. 1. Find the area of a rectangle whose length and breadth are respectively (a) 5cm, 3m (b) 12m,8m (c) 25 cm, 20 cm (4) 16m,8m (e) 9cm, 4m (f) 12cm, 9cm 2. Find the area of a square whose side is (a) 25cm (b) 43cm (c) 14m (4) 16m (e) 8m (f) 12cm 3. Find the area of the top of a table whose length is 3 mand breadth 2m. 4, Arectangular garden is 300 m long and 200 m broad. Find its area. 5. A square field is of side 60 m. Find its area. iin iii 1. How many faces does a cuboid have ? How many vertices does a sphere have ? Isa cube a cuboid ? Is a cuboid a cube ? 5, How many curved faces does a cylinder have ? How many edges does a cone have ? 1, What is the difference between a square and a rectangle ? Whatis a three-sided closed figure called ? If five points are placed like this, how many line segments can you draw to connect them? 411). How many line segments are required to make the following letters ? cE (a) (b) (c) Find the number of points formed in each case, Name the points. . Drawa line segment of § cm in your notebook . Apiece of landis in the shape of a square. Each of its side is 1 kmn on How many times will Choida have to run round the park to cover 12 . Find the perimeter of a triangle whose sides are 15 cm, 20 cmand 25a . Say whether the following statements are true or false : (a) A cylinder has three curved faces. (b) A cone has only one curved face. (c) A sphere and a cylinder have no vertices. (d) A cuboid has 12 vertices. (e) A cube has three pairs of opposite faces which are equal. (f) Acone has no edge, no vertex. (g) Acylinder has two edges. (h) A square is also a rectangle. (i) A point has no length, no breadth, no thickness. (j) Two line segments always meet in a point (k) Ifthe side of a square is 8 cm, its area will be 64 cm. (|) Ifa rectangle is 8 m long and 6 m wide, its area is 48 sq. m. (m) The area of rectangle with length 6 cm and breadth 3 cm is gre than the area of a square of side 6 cm. (n) 3.cm? and 3 square cm are the same. (0) The area of a square of side 2 cm and its perimeter are equalotters ? ints. | km long. or 12km? nd 25 cm. g.m. nis greate equal. MONEY ee 7.1 Symbols and notations In Bhutan we deal with money in terms of ngultrum and chhertum. The chhertum are in the form of coins. The different coins now popular are five chhertum, ten chhertum, twenty chhertum, twenty-five chhertum, and fifty chhertum. We have a coin for one hundred chhertum or one ngultrum also. For one ngultrum, two ngultrum, five ngultrum, ten ngultrum, twenty ngultrum, fifty ngultrum, one hundred ngultrum and five hundred ngultrum have notes. These notes are printed by the Governmenton special paper. The symbol used for chhertum is ch. So we write 15 chhertum as 15 ch ‘and twenty chhertum as 20 ch. The symbol used for ngultrum is Nu. So 1 ngultrum is written as Nu 1 and ‘Wenty-five ngultrum is written as Nu 25. The symbol for ngultrum is written before the number. The symbol for hhertum is written after the number. 60 chhertum is written as 50 ch. 50 ngultrum is written as Nu 50. Sometimes we have to talk about ngultrum and chhertum together. Let suppose we have to pay 5 ngultrum and 50 chhertum for a pencil. Inwords, we express this amount asNgultrum five and chhertum fifty. Infigures, we write it as Nu 5.50. Similarly, we write 60 ngultrum 80 chhertum in words as Ngultrum sixty ichhertum eighty and in figures as Nu 60.80. We observe that when ngultrum and chhertum are written together, they @ separated by a dot (.) between them. Nu 60.80 is a symbolic form of 60 ngultrum, 80 chhertum. 113Write the ve In symbolic form, . chhertum is written as Nu 0.01 chhertum is written as Nu 0.02 chhertum is written as Nu 0.05 chhertum is written as Nu 0.10 chhertum is written as Nu 0.50 ngultrum is written as Nu 6.00 ngultrum, 8 chhertum is written as Nu 6.08 ngultrum,80chhertum _is written as Nu 6.80 1. In Nu 0.05, zero to the left of the dot shows that there is ngultrum. In Nu 6.00, two zeros to the right of the dot show tl there are no chhertum. lide . Chhertumare always written as a two-digit number. 5 ngultrum) chhertum is written as Nu 5.05 (and not as Nu. 5.5). Similarly ngultrum, 7 chhertum is written as Nu. 16.07 (and not as Nu. 161 1. Write the following amounts of money in symbolic form: (a) 90chhertum (b) 2ngultrum 2 chhertum (c) 75chhertum (d) 6ngultrum 8 chhertum (e) 80ngultrumS0chhertum — (f) 600 ngultrum 75 chhertum (g) 3ngultrum35chhertum —(h) 100ngultrum (i) 79ngultrum63chhertum —(j) 759ngultrum 10 chhertum 2. Write the following as ngultrum and chhertum: (Nu0.60 = 60chhertum Nu 7.15 = 7ngultrum 15 chhertum) (a) Nu0.80 — (b) Nu0.05 = (c) Nu16.16 — (d) Nu27.18 (e) Nu20.08 —(f) Nu10.70 —(g) Nu100.05 (h) Nu 95.90) (i) Nu29.75 —(j) Nu18.72(k) Nu66.06 —_ (I) Nu58535 3. Write the following amounts of money in words (a) Nu12.06 (b) Nu73.20 (c) Nu540.05 (d) Nu0.08 (e) Nu64.80 (f) Nu231.50 114here is nO) | show that Nu27.15 }. Write the value of the following both in figures and words : Notes, Coins ‘Amount in figures Amountin words Nu. 2.50 Ngultrum two andchhertum fifty fi Nu 100 Jens7.2 Conversion 1 ngultrum = 100 chhertum Therefore to convert ngultrum into chhertum, we multiply the number ngultrum by 100. 6ngultrum = 6 x 100 chhertum = 600 chhertum and 73ngultrum = 73 x 100 chhertum = 7300 chhertum In case we want to convert Nu 7.20 into chhertum, we proceed like th Nu7.20 =7 ngultrum, 20 chhertum x 100 chhertum and 20 chhertum = 700 chhertum +20 chhertum = 720 chhertum Similarly Nu 43.05 = 4305 chhertum (why ?) Fromthese examples we geta very simple rule for converting ngultruma chhertum into chhertum: *To convert ‘ngultrum and chhertum’ into chhertum, we simply remo the dot (.). We remove the symbol Nu and write the symbol ch. Here is the rule for converting chhertum into ngultrum and chhertumn: *Toconvertchhertum into ngultrumand chhertum, we puta dotafter2 digi from the right. We remove the symbol ch and put the symbol Nu. For example, 3575 chhertum = Nu 35.75 or 35 ngultrum 75 chhertum 8431 chhertum = Nu 84.31 or 84 ngultrum 31 chhertum 5 . Change the follwing into chhertum: (a) Nu 9.07 (b) Nu 7.16 (c) Nu 12.08 (a) Nu 64.00 (e) Nu 97.50 (f) Nu 0.50 (g) Nu 1.00 (h) Nu 62.37 (i) Nu 100.00 . Change the following into ngultrum and chhertum : (a) 267 chhertum (b) 362 chhertum (c) 929 chhertum (d) 706 chhertum (e) 190 chhertum (f) 738 chhertum (g) 616 chhertum (h) 2013 chhertum (i) 5142 chhertum, (j) 6060 chhertum (k) 5473 chhertum (I) 7000 chhertum 1167.3 Addition Suppose we want to add Nu 35.84, Nu 17.05 and Nu 25.76. We take the following steps : 1. We convert all the given amounts into chhertum. 2, We add these chhertum as we add ordinary numbers. The sum so obtained is in chhertum. 3. We convert these chhertum back into ngultrum and chhertum. Nu35.84 = 3584 chhertum Nu17.05 = 1705 chhertum Nu25.76 = +2576-chhertum 7865 chhertum Therefore Nu 35.84 + Nu 17.05 + Nu 25.76 = 7865 chhertum = Nu 78.65 ‘Shorter method There is a shorter method also to add ngultrum and chhertum directly. . We arrange the given numbers ina column in such a way thatall the dots fall in one column. |. We add the amounts as ordinary numbers. We put a dot in the sum in the dot’s column. 35.84 The above example can be worked out as on the right: 17.05 +25.76 Thus the sum of the given amounts is Nu 78.65. 78.65, Nu ch 2. The above addition can also 35 84 be carried out by arranging the 17 05 amounts vertically in columns +25 76 headed by Ngultrum and chhertum : 78 65 ever, it is much easier to use the shorter method explained above. ple1. Apacketof biscuits costs Nu 7.25, abottle ofjamcostsNu 11.55 and a tin of milk costs Nu 13.45.Find the total cost. Cost of biscuits = Nu 7.25 7.25 " Costof jam = = Nu11.55 11.55 Cost of milk Nu13.45 + 13.45 Total cost Nu7.25+11.55+13.45 5 117Example2. A pair of shoes costs Nu 245.30. A shirt costs Nu 237.75.A purse costs Nu 137.55. Find the cost of all the three things. Cost of the shoes = Nu 245.30 Cost of the shirt Nu 237.75 Cost of the purse = Nu_137.55 Total cost Nu 620.60 Mee eee 1. Arrange the following in columns and add : wun (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) (f) (9) (h) Nu81.10; Nu7.00; Nu11.09; Nu26.03; Nu6.06; Nu57.64; Nu15.25; Nu75.75; Nu57.45; Nu70.00; Nu29.56; Nu27.57; Nu60.60; Nu 121.44; Nu800.46; Nu0.75; Nu39.00 Nu700.00 Nu26.65 Nu75.83 Nu66.00 Nu80.91 Nu39.14 Nu75.00 . Ugyen bought a geometry box for Nu 49.50, a pen for Nu 15.00 anda colour box for Nu 18.75. How much did he spend in all ? . Wangdi bought mangoes for Nu 11.50, apples for Nu 13.40 and orange for Nu 27.00. How much did she spend in all ? . Rigwang got Nu 7.50 from his father, Nu 3.25 from his mother a Nu 11.50 from his sister. How much money in all did he get ? . Thinley bought three birthday presents costing Nu 75.00,Nu 85.95 at Nu 105.05. How much did he spend on the presents ? . Dolma bought three cakes costing Nu 85.00, Nu 75.00 and Nu 954 respectively. How much did she spend on the cakes altogether ? . Chindu deposited Nu 250.00, Nu 385.50, and Nu 149.50 in his bal account in January, February and March respectively. How much mo did he deposit in the bank in these three months ? 8. Find the total amount paid by Mrs. Zam to the FCB shop if she boug the following items: 15 kg flour for Nu 152.50 9 kg sugar for Nu 130.50 8 kg rice for Nu 135.60 and 118 9. Tamangt (a) Colg: (b) Tooth (c) Shavi (d) Shoe How mu 10. Singye a vase for N in all? 4 Subtri Suppose w9, Tamang bought the following items from the market : (a) Colgate toothpaste for Nu 18.50; (b) Toothbrush forNu 12.75; (c) Shaving cream for Nu 28.85 and (4) Shoe polish for Nu 16.75 How much was the bill to be paid by Tamang? 10. Singye bought a tea’ pot for Nu 35.00, a jug for Nu 22.50, a flower vase for Nu 22.87 and a doll for Nu 35.75. How much did Singye spend in all? (4Subtraction Suppose we want to subtract Nu 85.75 from Nu 92.25. We know that Nu85.75 = 8575chhertum Nu92.25 = 9225chhertum Nu 92.25-Nu85.75 = 9225 chhertum—8575 chhertum = 650chhertum = Nu6.50 Thus to subtract ngultrum and chhertum from ngultrum and chhertum, we the following steps : 4. We convert ngultrum and chhertum into chhertum; 2. We subtract chhertum just as we subtract ordinary numbers; 3. We convert the difference back into ngultrum and chhertum. shorter Method Just as in addition, there is a shorter method also to subtract ngultrum ndchhertum from ngultrum and chhertum : 1, Wearrange the amountto be subtracted under the larger amount in a column in such a way that the dots fall in a column. 2. We subtract the amounts like ordinary numbers. 3. We puta dotin the result in the dot’s column. The above example can be worked like this : 92.25 -85.75 Thus Nu 92.25 — Nu 85.75 = Nu 6.50 6.50 119Note. We can omit the dots if we write the Nu CH given amounts in two columns of 92 25 ngultrum and chhertum and subtractjust -85 75 like ordinary numbers. 650 However, we prefer the shorter method of subtraction. Example 3. Yeshey bought apples for Nu 37.50 and gave the shopkeeper a fifty-ngultrum note. How much money did Yeshey get back ? Money returned by the shopkeeper = Nu50.00—Nu 37.50 = Nu12.50 Example 4. Lhamo bought a textbook for Nu 39.50, exercise books f Nu 24.75 and a pen for Nu 12.40. If she gave the shopkeepal Nu 80.00, how much money did the shopkeeper return ? The cost of the textbook Nu39.50 The cost of exercise books = Nu24.75 The cost of the pen Nu12.40 Total cost Nu76.65 The amount paid by Lhamo to the shopkeeper Nu8s0.00 The amount returned by 80.00 the shopkeeper Nu 80.00-Nu 76.65 | -76.65 Nu 3.35 Pee in Aaa) 1. Find the difference: (a) Nu27.47;Nu14.39 (b) Nu 84.31; Nu 58.36 (c) Nu93.28;Nu58.59 (d) Nu 76.00;Nu 0.76 (e) Nu74.40; Nu 7.34 Nu 80.41; Nu 55.38 (g) Nu44.28;Nu29.95 Nu 19.48; Nu 17.18 (i) Nu22.95; Nu 19.99 (i) Nu347.00; Nu299.09 2. Subtract : (a) Nu23.89 fromNu32.05 —_(b) Nu 79.54 from Nu 123.20 (c) Nu36.71 from Nu50 (d) Nu54.85 from Nu 60.30 120spkeeper shey get books for opkeeper 1? (e) 79chhertum from Nu10 —(f) 83 chhertum from Nu 5.75 (g) Nu63.79 fromNu81.25 —(h) Nu535.36 from Nu 1000 (i) Nu887.75 fromNu893.10 (j) Nu238.50 from Nu 328.05 . Subtarct the sum of Nu 9.90 and Nu 21.30 from Nu 35.75. . Subtract the difference of Nu 99.56 and Nu 77.79 from Nu 40.20. . The cost of a woollen coat is Nu 675.75 and that of woollen trousers is Nu 549.35. How much more costly is the coat than the trousers ? . Choeten had Nu 857.62. He bought a cycle for Nu 695.37. How much money was left with him ? ”. Deki bought a book for Nu 35.60 and a pen for Nu 19.40. How much did she get back if she paid one hundred-ngultrum note to the shopkeeper? |. Choidup bought a radio set for Nu 824.85. He paid the shopkeeper Nu 900. How much money did he get back ? . Rinchen went to Tashigang by taxi and spent Nu 575 as the fare. Singye went by bus and spent Nu 235. How much money did Rinchen spend more than Singye ? 10. Mrs Chencho Dem bought a second-hand watch for Nu 673.25. She spent Nu 15.50 on the repairs. Then she sold the watch for Nu 700. How much money did she gain ? 75 Multiplication xample 5. The cost of 1 pen is Nu 7.50. Find the cost of 6 pens. The cost of 1 pen Nu 7.50 7.50 The cost of 6 pens 6 x Nu7.50 x6 = Nu 45.00 45.00 Note. We have multiplied 7.50 by 6 like two ordinary numbers. Then we have put the dot (.) after two places from the right. We have also put the symbol Nu. mple6. The cost of 1 soft drink bottle is Nu 14.75. 14.75 What is the cost of 16 bottles ? x15 The cost of 1 bottle Nu14.75 7375 The cost of 15 bottles = 15 xNu 14.75 1475 Nu221.25 224.25 1211. eo. > s > eG A watch costs Nu 375.00. How much will 5 watches cost ? A ball pen costs Nu 3.25. Find the cost of 27 such ball pens. A sweet costs 95 chhertum. Rinchen bought 8 sweets. She gave the shopkeepera ten-ngultrum note. How much money did the shopkeepet return ? Tobgay bought 5 packets of biscuits at the rate of Nu 8.40 a packet and: 6 loaves of bread at the rate of Nu 8.60 a loaf. How much money didh spend in all ? A bus ticket from Thimphu to Wangli costs Nu 65.80. If 8 friends wen together, how much money did they spend on the fare ? A pair of shoes costs Nu 499.95. A pair of socks costs Nu 25.60 Mr Lekzang bought two pairs of shoes and 3 pairs of socks. How mu money did he spend in all ? ii 2) Y y . Express the following amounts of money in symbolic form : (a) 8chhertum (b) 80chhertum (c) 8ngultrum8chhertum (d) 8ngultrum 80 chhertum (e) 8ngultrum (f) 80 ngultrum 80 chhertum . Express the following as ngultrum and chhertum : (a) Nu0.03 (b) Nu7.70 (c) Nu987.27 Write the following amounts in words : (a) Nu0.02 (b) Nu27.17 (c) Nu817.89 (d) 17chhertum —(e) Sngultrum6 chhertum > a (f) 15 ngultrum 37 chhertum Convert the following into chhertum : (a) Nu0.70 (b) Nu87 (c) Nu79.32 Convert the following into ngultrum and chhertum: (a) 5407chhertum (b) 7235chhertum (c) 8000 chhertum: 1226. How much money would Dago Dem get back in each case : (a) She buys 1 pencil for Nu 2.50 and gives the shopkeeper a five- ngultrum note. (b) She buys a sharpener for Nu 3.25 and gives the shopkeeper a five- ngultrum note. (c) She buys 5 sweets for Nu 1.50 each and gives the shopkeeper a ten-ngultrum note. (4) She buys 3 soft drink bottles for Nu 14.75 each and gives the shopkeeper a fifty-ngultrum note. (e) She buys a packet of biscuits for Nu 7.60 and 3 eggs for Nu 2.00 each and gives the shopkeeper a ten-ngultrum note and a five- ngultrum note. (f) She buys 10 stamps for 75 chhertum each and gives to the Post- master a twenty-ngultrum note. (9) She buys 7 kg sugar for Nu 13.50 per kg and gives the shopkeeper ahundred-ngultrum note. 7. Pema Tenzin bought the following articles from the market : Toiletsoap : Nu 16.00 Shavingcream Nu28.70 Toothpaste . Nu21.60 Hair oil “ Nu17.55 Coldcream 8 Nu22.75 Shoe polish vs Nu15.70 Ifhe gave the cashier 2 hundred-ngultrum notes, how much money did the cashier return him ? 8. Three friends wentto see a movie. They bought tickets for Nu 35.00 each. In the interval they had coffee for Nu 8.00 per cup. They spent Nu 9.00 each as bus fare. If they had Nu 200 with them, how much money did they save ? 9. Lhaden bought books for Nu 69.70. She also purchased two pens for Nu 15.75 each and three pencils for Nu 1.80 each. But she had only Nu 50 with her. How much more money does she have to give to the shopkeeper?3. Metres MEASURES OF LENGTH a Meta intog 8.1 Kilometre, metre and centimetre Example3 The standard unit used to measure any length is metre. Clothsellers measure cloth with the help ofa standard rod called metre-rod. We can measure the length, breadth and height of a room with the help ofa metre-rod or with the help of a measuring tape, which shows metres and thé} E parts of a metre. ! Can we measure the length of a pencil or a notebook in metres ? Thes objects are rather small. tis not convenient to measure their length in metres So we use a smaller unit called centimetre. We have already read that 1 metre = 100 centimetres i If we want to measure the distance between two towns, or the length of road, we needa bigger unit of length. To measure such long distances, or sudh big lengths, we make use of the unit called kilometre. 1000 metres malt 1 kilometre. Thus: 1kilometre = 1000 metres Note. We write km for kilometres, m for metres and cm for centimetres. 1km = 1000m and 1m = 100cm 8.2 Conversion 1. Kilometres into metres Number of kilometres x 1000 2. Kilometres and metres Number of kilometres x 1000 ito metres + Number of metres Example 1. Convert 9 kilometres into metres. 9km = 9x 1000m = 9000m Example 2. Convert 7 km 503 m into metres. 7km503 m = 7x 1000 m+503 m 7000 m+503m 7503m3. Metres into centimetres Number of metres x 100 4. Metres and centimetres Number of metres x 100 into centimetres + Number of centimetres Example 3. Convert 53 metres into centimetres. “53m =53x100cm = 5300cm Example 4. Convert 28 m 73 cm into centimetres. 28 m73 cm = 28 x 100 cm +73. cm = 2800 om +73 cm = 2873cm We shall take examples to explain how to convert centimetres into metres. Example 5. Convert 2946 cm into metres and centimetres. 2946 om = 2900 cm +46 cm 29 46 = 29 m+46 cm Separate two digits =29m 46cm on the right Example 6. Convert 5423 cm into metres and centimetres. 5423cm = 5400 cm + 23cm 54 23 =54 m+23cem Separate two digits =54m23 cm on the right Te |. What unit of length would you choose to express the following ? (a) The length of a pencil (b) The width of the pocket of your shirt (c) The distance between two cities (d) The height of your classroom (e) The depth of a swimming pool (f) The length of a road connecting two cities (g) The height of a mountain peak 2 Convert into metres: (a) 9km (b) 5km (c) 7km (a) 1 km 225 m (e) 6km25 m (f) 4 km 380 m (9) 2km5m (h) 3 km 287 m (i) 8km8m 1253. Convert into centimetres : (a) 10m (b) 21m (c) 87m (d) 83 m25 cm (e) 75 m75 cm (f) 85m8cm (g) 90 m 90 cm (h) 90 m9 cm (i) 51 m4cm 4. Convert into metres and centimetres : (a) 1309cm (b) 9706 cm (c) 699m (d) 1856.cm (e) 3862.cm (f) 801 cm (g) 8106 cm (h) 7600cm (i) 8008cm 5. Fill in the blanks : (a) 12m2tcm = .......cm m.....cm = 358 cm (c) 4m.....cm = 438 cm (d) ......m 71 cm = 971 cm (e) 3km 720m = .......m (f) 8km 73m : .m 8.3 Addition and subtraction Example 7. Add 63 m 45 cm and 26 m7 cm. 63 m45 cm = 6345 cm 26 m7 cm = 2607cm ‘Sum = 8952 cm (by adding) = 89m52cm Note. In order to add metres and centimetres,we take the following steps: 1. We convert metres and centimetres into centimetres. 2. We add the centimetres. 3. We convert these centimetres into metres and centimetres. Addition without conversion We can add metres and centimetres like ordinary numbers also. arrange metres under metres, and centimetres under centimetres, and add them. Only we must keep in mind that all centimetres are written as two-dig numbers. Let us take up the last example again : m om 63 45 +26 07 e952 126Example 8. Add 87 m 23 cm, 55 m75 cm, and 24 m8 cm. m cm 1 87] 23 55 | 75 er oa. O08 "| 24 m 8 cm has to 1 be written as 2408. 167 (106 Remember | Therefore, 87 m 23 cm+55m 75cm +24m8cm = 167m6cm Example 9. Add 9 km 73 m, 7 km 821 m, and 5 km5 m. km m 9 073 7] 7 821 "| 5 km 5 m has to #55 005 be written as 5005. 21 899 Remember ! 9km 73 m +7 km 821 m+5km5 m=21 km 899 m . While adding kilometres and metres, we should express metres as three-digit numbers. imple 10. Add 7 km 358 m, 6 km 429 m, and 5 km 627 m. km m 1 Front wall Also read the position of Wangchuk (give an ordered pair), who is seal atW. 164position of Lhendup will be L (3 m, 2 m) as shown below. Left wall — m——> Front wall is 2m along the front wall and 3 m along the left wall. So W is (2 m, 3 m). ‘the position of Wangchuk is (2 m, 3m). In the figure below, write down the ordered pairs representing the points A,B,C, D, and E. 10 9 8 — 7 y Cre 8 & $ Coot 3 2 ¢ 1 z | ° x 12345678910 1 Look at the figure above. Khandu Wangnio is seated at K. How far is he sitting from the left wall ? ABCD is a square. A (2, 5), B (2, 1) and C (6, 1) are three of its vertices. Plotthese points onthe grid. Completethe square ABCD.Readthe position of the point D.13.1 Bhut We have 5, 6, 7, 8, ry (Indo-Arabi But in Bi 123456789 10 4, Plot the points A (2, 1), B (5, 1), C (2, 9) and D (5, 9) on a grid. Join AB, BC, CD and DA. What shape have you got ? 10 9 Bhutanes numerals CTT 12345678910 5. Which pair of points are closer together: (2, 1) and (4, 1), or (2, 1)a (2, 0) ? Plot them on a grid to find out.BHUTANESE NUMERALS 13.1 Bhutanese numerals We have read that a number can be written by using the symbols 1, 2, 3, 4, 5,6, 7, 8, 9 and 0. This system of writing numbers is called the Hindu-Aral (Indo-Arabic) system. This system is used almost everywhere in the world. But in Bhutan, we have our own symbols also. These symbols are : AB, Indo-Arabic! + Jo tstaf{s}el7{esi{ol}o | | d numeral | Bhutanese 1 mumeais | 2? |2 {2 /elulseflals je ]o Bhutanese numerals from 1 to 100 are given in the table below. > a a © u ss v 4 &, do + + 9 | oa a2 oe | ou ds | Ow a4 oe 20 a) | ar | aa | ae | au | as [aw | as | ae | 20 a9 |ar | 22 | Ae | au | aw | am | 24 | 2A | wo ) }er |e’ [ew feu | ew few | os | oe | uo uw jua pu jue fuu fuss jum | us | u® | wo WS) | 62 | GR [GE | wu | SS [oy | 6S | SA | vo ‘ or |vx lor [ow jou los low | vs | we? | do so [sa | sa [se [su [ow [ow [46 [se | @e ero lea ler [ee jeu lew lew | es | ee] 900 167Example 1. Write the following numbers using Bhutanese numerals : (a) Seventy-three (b) Two hundred forty (c) Three thousand five hundred sixty-nine (d) Eight thousand a fear, ‘one (a) Seventy-three we vr (b) Two hundred forty 2 Ae (©) Three thousand five hundred sixty-nine... Uwe (d) Eight thousandtwenty-one .. ws KD Example 2. Express the following numerals in words : (a) Ra (b) eur (c) amu (d) Pours (a) Ry .. Ninety-seven (b) eue —... Four hundred fifty-nine (c) a4wu —_...._ Two thousand eight hundred seventy-five (d) yours .. One thousand oe ay Heian al ne ae 1 os the following numbers using Bhutanese numerals : (a) Seventy-five (b) Seven hundred forty-one (c) Five hundred eighty-seven (@) Nine hundred twenty-eight (e) Three thousand eighty-six (f) Four thousand five hundred ninety-four (@) Five thousand nine hundred eighty (h) Seven thousand twelve (i) Nine thousand (j) Eight thousand six hundred seventy-five . Express the following Bhutanese numerals in words : (a) as (b) aaa (c) AUR (d) 4446 (e) oon (f) ue®a (9) <@wo (h) Puce (i) 2esS (ji) woRa (kK) 4262 (I) Uedo 168REVIEW MODEL PAPER! . Fill in the blanks to make these statements true : (a) The place value of 8 in 5837 is .. (b) The successor of 4572 is .. (c) The greatest number of four digits is (d) 5000 is more than 4290. (e) 9kg 23g 9. (f) 940 = 20 (g) 8 tens + 2 thousands +5 hundreds + 9 ones = (hy 2 km 750 M = .seseeceee Ml. 1 WZ = of Nu 400 = Nu (i) Py x 90 = Express the following in figures : (a) Nine thousand seven hundred eighteen (b) Six thousand six hundred forty-seven 3. (a) Express 7088 in words. (b) Write the greatest 4-digit numeral with the help of the digits 4, 0,7, 9. 4, One bus can transport 64 passengers. How many passengers can 95 buses transport ? . The cost of a jug is Nu 45.37 and that of 6 glasses is Nu 51.50. What is the total cost of the jug and the 6 glasses. . Add : 1 km 203 m, 2 km 60 mand 5 km 986 m. . Subtract 5 | a m nai 61120 ml. . (a) Arrange +. = indescending order. 3 29°98 6 (b) Simplify 2 ae |. Divide 7498 by 9 and find the quotient and the remainder. |. Draw a line segment 5 cm long. 169MODEL PAPERII 1. Fillin the blanks to make these statements true : (a) In 7965, the digit 9 stands for ie 1. Fil (b) The predecessor of 5000 is ...sassens a (c) The smallest number of four digits is... a (d) 8279 less than 8744 is (e) 5131 mi= i (f) 45x 50= : (9) 3849¢h =NU o.oo (c) (h) $ of 80 =... @) ~ (i) OF & and the one which is greater is... a (i) 7500 = 30 = 2. Express the following in figures (a) Nine thousand ninety-nine (b) Six thousand forty. 3. (a) Express 5070 in words. (b) Write the smallest 4-digit numeral with the help of the digits1, 7, 9,0 4. The cost of one ball is Nu 36.5. Find the cost of 18 balls. 5. Apoultry farm had 6479 chickens. The owner sold 3798 and puchased 6000 more. How many chickens does he now have ? 6. Add: (a) 1 mi (b) kg og 35 79 15 750 45 319 29 87 fo ikmene +19 250 7. The perimeter of a triangle is 66 m 78 cm. Its two sides are 21 m 83 cm and 18 m 20 cm. Find the length of the third side. 13 8. (a) Add: a, 29 D 5m 31 (b) Subtract = 3 from 9. Divide 9879 ha 8 and find the quotient and the remainder. 10. Find the perimeter of the figure on the right : 3cmMODEL PAPERIII 1, Fill in the blanks to make these statements true : (a) The face value of the digit 5 in 7521 is . ; (b) Greatest 2-digit number x smallest 3-digit numbe: (6) 7683 MI = cece b cml. (d), The product of any number with .. . is the number itselt (©) + of 18s (f) 13 + (9) 804 cm ae mn om. (h) The number of minutes in a quarter hour (i) One-half of 18 = (j) 7 tens + 6 hundreds + 19 . Express the following in figures : (a) Nine thousand eight hundred seventy-four. (b) Eight thousand eighty. . Arrange 9364, 5873, 7454, 5437 and 4537 in descending order. . Out of Nu 3500, Mrs JigmeWangmo has spent Nu 1875 on food, Nu750 on clothes and Nu 550 on school fees. How much does she have now ? . Abus travels 639 km in 9 hours. How much does it travel in one hour ? . Find the perimeter of a triangle whose sides are 35 cm, 29 cm and 15 cmlong . Convert 6 weeks 5 days into hours. . Add: 127 km 424 m, 431 km75 m and 16 km 93 m. 3 ). Write down four fractions equivalent to the fraction s 6 te Add : 79 and 19°MODEL PAPERIV 1. Fill in the blanks to make these statements true : (a) 5 groups of 15 each + 10 = (b) In 4327 the digit at hundred’s place (6) sonennens X 60 = 720 (d) on kg = a: (e) Half an hour =... minutes. (f) The number of hours from 9 a.m. to 10 p.m. (g) 2km 67m esses ML (h) A square has . (i) 48 x 50 ch = ee (j) 4341 mls... _ mil. : (a) Express seven thousarid six hurd’ fifty in figures. (b) Find the difference between the place values of 9 in 9594. . Kencho Zam bought 44 sweets costing 80 ch each. She gave a 50- ngultrum note to the shopkeeper. How much money did she get back? . For a certain show 1734, 2479 and 2869 tickets were sold on three days. How many tickets were sold in all ? . A roll of rope contains 100 m rope. A piece of 63 m 58 cm is cut from the roll. How much rope is left over ? . A teacher had 859 sheets of paper. She gave 8 sheets of paper ff each of her students. How many students got the sheets ? How many sheets were oe with the teacher ? 19 . (a) Subtract + = (a) Su ract 3 + from ot : 1 Add:= 4+ 542. (b) Add: 5 + > + 7 i Baie travelled 2 km 650 m by cycle, 2 km 240 m on foot and 3K 875 m by scooter. How much distance did he cover in all ? . Convert 18 days into hours. .. A triangle is made up of three line segments 54 cm, 45 cm and 78¢h long respectively. Find the perimeter of the triangle.2 a 50- back ? n three cut off aper to w many 1. v 5 a no 2 MODEL PAPER V Fill in the blanks to make these statements true : (a) 9540 - 1000 = coe (b) added to 76 is 93. (c) 20x 30x... 6000. (d) 789 m+ 459 m km m (e) Nine times 8 is .. (f) 6 hours 20 minutes (g) 17x 6-40= (h) One-third of 15 (i) Nu 10.40 — Nu 8.80 = Nu (j). 750 = 50 = minutes. . (a) Express seven thousand nine hundred three in figures (b) Write the greatest numeral with the digits 4, 0, 5 and 8 . Multiply 287 by 29. . Thinley Penjor had 857 sweets. He gave 8 sweets each to his friends How many friends got the sweets and how many sweets were left with him ? . (a) Draw a line segment of 7 cm length. (b) Name any three objects with the shape of a cuboid. Find the sum of 4 km 37 m, 5 km 948 m, and 60 m. '. Subtract : 21768 ml from 5 |. 35. 32 45 Simplify W x aT 7A 9. Convert 5 months 17 days into days. ). The cost of 1 metre cloth is Nu 64.5. Find the cost of 15 metres of such cloth. | j ! } } | tANSWERS 15. (a) 450 Unit —Page 1 (©) 950 1.) 3,0,4,304 — (c) 0,7, 0,70 (@) 0,5, 7,57 (©) S hundred 2. (a) 99 (b) 511 {e) 608 (a) 707 fe) 717 18. (2) 10 ( 70 (@ 7 (h) 201 (i) 999 (i) 1000 V7. (a9 3. (@) Ninety (©) Ninehundred nine (6) One hundred four (4) Twohundredeighteen _(e) Fourhundred eleven (f) Three hundred (g) Threehundred three (h) Threehundredthirteen (i) Three hundred thirty (©) 178,oneh (j) Onethousand 718, sever 18. (b) 49, forly-n) (a) 753, 752, 751, 750, 749, 748 _(b) 604, 603, 602, 601, 600, 599 817, eight (a) 87, 90, 98, 96, 99, 102, 105, 108 (>) B hundred (b) 970, 978, 976, 979, 982, 985, 988, 991 (f) 8 tens, 80 (a) 83, 88, 93, 98, 103, 108, 113, 118 (@) 397 212, 24 (b) 197, 202, 207, 212, 217, 222, 227, 282 (1) 118 (a) 402, 409, 416, 423, 430, 437, 444, 451 (b) 803, 810, 817, 824, 831, 838, 845, 852 08 (f) 578 (a) 112, 119, 126, 133, 140 () 81, 90, 99, 108, 117 (6) 135, 143, 151, 189, 187 () 88, 77, 88, 99, 110 (@) 349, 399, 449, 499, 549 (f) 94 80,3 (54,6 61,9 (7.00 (294 eee | (b) 90+ 14,104 () 100+ 110+ 11, 221 (@ 400 +56, 456 (©) 290+ 41,271 (f) 900 + 90 +8, 999 (b) 0,13 (2 @) 3 () 85 (a) 214chher (a) Greatest 792, smallest370 _—_(b) Greatest 444, smallest 400 (e) 890m (©) Greatest 654, smallest 465, (@) Greatest 871, smallest 187 (i) 194kg (©) Greatest 1000, smalllest672 _(f) Greatest 987, smallest 789 (m) 987 litres, (a) 69 (a) 317, 562, 629, 754, 946 (b) 369, 396, 693, 936, 963 (b) 612-492 (c) 246, 264, 426, 462, 624 (@) 55, 500, 505, 550, 555 (@) 719-534 (@) 11,101, 110, 111, 1000 (, 602, 620, 678, 687, 768 3 107 stamps fa) = 806, 688, 680, 608 (b) eee i = Ean “fl (306 070,360 96 917 (D878 60,706 708,67 77epee | a nie 215kg 7 174(&) 7 hundreds 8 tens 14 ones (@) 7 hundreds 8 tens 6 ones Shundreds 10tens14ones —_—_(f). @hundreds 7 tens 7 ones, 10 (b) 100 (©) 1000 (@ 790 fe) 811 9 (b) 70 () 9 (@) 889 (@) 999 49, forty-nine; 94, ninety-four 178, one hundred seventy-eight; 187, one hundred eighty-seven 718, seven hundred eighteen; 781, seven hundred eighty-one 817, eight hundred seventeen; 871, eight hundred seventy-one ® © . (a) Bhundreds, 800 Btens, 80 (c) 8 tens, 80 (g) 8 ones, 8 (@) Bones, 8 (h) B tens, 80 (e) Shundreds, 800 337 118 ) @ o) @ ©) @ 0 © () (o) 105 (h) 119 (@) 296 (i) 101 (e) 758 19 108 578 181 518 (a) (f) . (a) (fy (o) 281 (h) 837 (@) 127 (i) 600 (a) 82 (i) 732 (n) 866 (©) 427 113 962 625 Cy 94 842 (o) 121 (h) 337 (m) 864 (©) 100 (j) 740 © 929 (o) 895 (f) 753 877 mm 920 (@) 898 @ 791 (2) 884 () 893 214chhertum — (b) 228chhertum (f) 90m (i) 826kg (n) 675 litres (@) ) wo (m) (&) 612-492 = 120, (@) 713-534 = 179, 1%, 107 stamps 28, s80ngultrum 82. 377 apples 45. 215kg 89cm 194kg 987 litres: 2. 612-120 = 492 713-179 = 594 27, 470 students 30. 890persons 33, 880ngulirum (0) 784ngultrum (@) 915ngultrum (g) 919m (kK) 706kg (0) 850ngultrum (h) 702m (V) 920kg (p) 72m (0) 348-348 = 0, (e) 909-306 = 603, 28. 186 students 31. 907 students 34, 477 students 348 -0 = 348 909 ~603 = 306 17536. (a) St (b) 32 (©) 21 (@) 934 (e) 823 3. (a) 404 : () 191 @ 186 (ty 495 @ 210 @ 200 () 4008 37. (a) 3 () 8 (©) 10 (@) 21 5 4. (a) Threeht (f) 221 (g) 503. (h) 131 (i) 2 (j) 100 (c) Threeht 38, (@) 436chherum (6) S10chhertum (6) 280nguirum — (d) 222ngultum (©) Seventa (@) 1500m (1) 422.0m (@ 820m (hy 432 metres (0) Threehy | (i) 100kg (i) 199g (k) 222kilograms ()) 140 kilograms (@) Sixthous (m) 218 litres (n) 444 litres (0) 282 litres Kb) Five thm (i) Five thous 39. 221ngultrum 40. 203ngultrum 41. 322stamps 42. 912 students ) Fourth 43, 416marbles 44, 220swects 45. 22ngulrum 46. 212m ik) Seven um ‘wo ois i (0) Seventho () 608 (@) 501) 738.) BHO.) 887 @ 7.5.6 |. (a) 608, 610,6 (b) 103, 105, 4 (c) 8992, 8934 (@) 1547, 1549, |. 624mangoes 49. 102ngultrum 50. 252 km |. 172 students, . 900ngultrum 53. 5A, 828kg 490 pages 57. (@) 6 9 @s @7 (8 (a hy 5 wo wes =6 9036-5 I (@) 400, 405, 44 (b) 127, 192, 19 (0) 6793, 6798,| (d) 4688, 4693, (0) 63+ (©) 90+ (@) 9+ 59. 12chairs 60. B sweets 61. 7bags 62. 6 trees (a) 327, 427, 52) (b) 8304, 8404,¢ (0) 5719, 5813,§ (d) 8821, 8921, 9) 63. 7 books 64. SOchhertum 65. (a) Cuboid (b) Sphere (c) Cone (4) Cylinder 66. (a) Tuesday (b) Thursday (c) Saturday (d) Tuesday (e) Thursday (Saturday (@) January (h) Noveber (i) 7 @ 9 0) Problem Set 1(a)—Page 15 (a) 1000, 2000, 3 (©) 2304, 3904, 48 (©) 3119, 4119,51 (a) 4605, 5605, 66 1, (®) 714,Seven hundred fourteen (c). 4050, Four thousand fifty (@) 2551, Two thousand five hundred fifty-one 2 @) » © @ @ (@) 985, 984, 065, (c) 6712, 6713, 671 : (e) 5520, 5530, 554 176(@) 404 wat (©) 1005 (d) 1050 (e) 555 (1) 760 (@) 4008 (h) 6428 (i) 8868 (J) 7207) 9001 (1) 3999 . (a) Three hundred (0) Four hundred nine (6) Three hundred fifty (@) Nine hundred one AE at (@) Seven hundred thirty-nine (1) Three hundred twenty-two Six thousand three hundred fifty-four Five thousand five hundred fifty-five Five thousand seven hundred seventy-seven Four thousand nine hundred seventy-six ‘Seven thousand six hundred eighty-nine ‘Seven thousand eight hundred forty tres grams 75,6 (0) 60,5 (0) 7,0,0,1 @) 95,18. (@) 6, 8,7,0 608, 610, 612, 614, 616, 618 103, 105, 107, 109, 111, 113 8992, 8934, 8936, 8938, 8940, 8942 1547, 1549, 1551, 1553, 1555, 1557 400, 405, 410, 416, 420, 425, 127, 192, 197, 142, 147, 152 6793, 6798, 6803, 6808, 6819, 6818 4088, 4693, 4698, 4703, 4708, 4713 827, 427, 527, 627, 727, 827 8804, 8404, 8504, 8604, 8704, 8804 y 5713, 5813, 5919, 6013, 6119, 6213 ® 8821, 8921, 9021, 9121, 9221, 9321 4) Cylinder 1000, 2000, 3000, 4000, 5000, 6000 2804, 3804, 4304, 5304, 6304, 7304 8119, 4119, 5119, 6119, 7119, 8119 4605, 5605, 6605, 7605, 8605, 9605 985, 984, 983, 982, () 535, 538, 541, 544 6712, 6713, 6714, 6715, (a) 3113, 3213, 3313, 3413 5520, 5530, 5540, 5550Problem Set 1 (b)— Page 18 i (a) 87238722 (b) 1. (700 (b)30(c)500 (4 (60 (70 (gO _—_(h) 3000, 7502, 9560, 7580 2, 594 3, 7992 Smallest:100 G 4. (@) 20044046 () 400+ 50+7 (a)5264 (b) 28 (6) 600+70+6 (@) 400+60+8 = (e) 300+50+4 () 200+14 F on (@) 2000+900+90+9 ° (®) 9000 (2) True) Fe (i) 2000 + 8004.9 (j) 5000 + 500+ 50+5 oblem Set 2 (a) —Pa (k) 5000 + 50 1) 3000 + 700 ® 0 fe |. 163 2. 88 686 7. Problem Set 1 (c)— Page 21 880 42, 8 1, (@) 8479 (b) 8247 (c) 4200 2. (a)8791 (b)3469 (c) 9999 8068 17, 4€ 3% @)> b)< (|< W> ()< M< (> the 5729 22, 56 4. (@) 396, 398, 756, 758 (b) 471, 654,938, 956 oblem Set 2 (b) — Pa (c) 8967, 9768, 9786, 9876 (@) 1001, 1014, 1100, 1111 (@) 213, 192, 128, 108 (b) 609, 600, 360, 308, 7339 12. 6 (6) 8421, 8214, 8142, 8124 (@) 9675, 9475, 6974, 5976 5. (@) 473 (&) 608 (c) 697 (@) 2022 (e) 5500 1041 2. 1 1823 1 . 1863, 17. 16 (@) 400 (b) 102 () 297 (a) 3102 3315 22. 7 (a) 892 (v) 479 () 999 (@) 989 blem Set 2 (c) — Pe 8. 304 9.9710 10, Ascending order : 847, 374, 437, 473, 734, 743, Descending order : 743, 734, 473, 437, 374, 347 1000 7. 3 103 22 Test Set 1 — Page 22 blem Set 2 (d) —P: 1. (@) 3018 (b) 9090 () 9009) 6049 1900 students 2. 1 (@) Five thousand fifteen (b) Seven thousand seventy (©) Eight thousand seven hundred ninety (d) Five thousand five (a) 5841, 5941, 6041, 6141, 6241, 6341 (&) 4917, 50175117, 5217, 5317, 5417 jem Set 2 (e) —Pe 497kg 7. N (@) 3676, 4676, 5676, 6676, 7676, 8676 26 (©) 2000, 3000, 4000, 5000, 6000, 7000 ia§.(a) 8723,8722 (6) 325, 425 #7502, 9560, 7580 7.Smallest: 100 Greatest: 999 (a)5264 — () 2301 870, 907, 790, 709 (2) Tue (b) False (0) False jem Set 2 (a) — Page 23 163 2. 889 3.175 , 686 7. 967 8. 695 889 12. 5988 13, 78 8668 17. 4698 18, 3888 15729 22. 5678. 23, 1799 ablem Set 2 (b) — Page 25 I 1041 2. 1002 7. 1718 12. 8908 17. 1893 22, 7362 ablem Set 2 (c)— Page 27 103 2. 231 1000 7. 347 blem Set 2 (d) — Page 28 1800students 2, 1664 4. 1414 km . 6209 9. 3196 12. 1612 1037 km 14. Nugsso m Set 2 (e) — Page 29 2, 624 4, 931 7. 731 9. 2465 1500 10. 3648 15, Nu 980811, 421 16. 251 21. 3161 Problem Set 2 (f) — Page 32 1.6 2. 256 6. 465 7. 349 11. 2813, 42, 1431 16. 334 17. 6 21. 395 22. 249 26. 86 27. 185 Problem Set 2 (g) — Page 33 1. 621 2, 108 6. 252 7, 331 11. 134km 12. Nug745 Problem Set 2 (h) — Page 35 4.(a) 4785 (b) 2483 (e) 5282 (f) 9851 2.630 3. 101 7, Nu2170 Test Set 2— Page 36 4. (2) 1483 (b) 1700 () 6170 2. (a) 47 (b) 31 (o) 5644 3. (5593 (b) 4389 (c) 1761 4, 184 5. 7223 6, 7511 litres 180 oblem Set 3(a) a 2.8 1929. 1 180 165 168 q 37.7 blem Set 3 (b) fa) 6x 43 (a) 461 +48 (©) 62 +624 (a) 600 fa) 790blem Set 3 (a) — Page 40 Cy 2, 52 3. 84 9.182 10, 225 16.120 17. 154 23. 195 24. 143 30. 144 31. 96 me 37.7 38. 70 blem Set 3 (b) — Page 42 fa) 6x 43 (b) 7x27 (@) 461 + 461 + 461 (b) 465 + 465 + 465 + 465 (©) 62+62+62+62+62+62+62 (d) 19241924 1924192 +1924 192+ 1924192 (@) 600 (©) 1260 {@) 790 (b) 690 (©) 740 (@) 750 (@) 350 (b) 570 (6) 900 (@) 240 lem Set 3 (c) — Page 44 (@) 860 (b) 820 (©) 558 (@) 609 (©) 92 © (f) 215 (a) 246 (b) 124 (6) 380 (@) 495 (© 24 (1) s92 (g) 5145. (h) 6072 (i) 5715, (@) 604 (bo) 1425 (@) S108. (@) 3228 (e) 2970 (f) 9645 @) 5478 (hy 4044 (i) 8047) ads k) 192 (1) 8188 (m) 6527 (n) 2205 (©) 8084 blem Set 3 (d) — Page 46 (@) 140 ) 60 (©) 420 (@) 8960 (@) 1440.» (f) 910 (h) 8280 (i) 720 () 700 (k) 2960 () 3920 (~) 2520 (0) 910 (©) 900 (@ 200) 800 (be) 3000 (c) 8700 (4) 2100 (@) 9600) 2800 (h) 9800 (i) $600 4. 3600. cm 181Problem Set 3 (e) — Page 47 4 (a) 9x9 1, 2093. 2. 3995 3. 5293 4. 4082 5. 8370 (e) 6x8= 6. 9696 7. 9758 8. 7221 9, 5928 10. 7626 (i) 9x3= 11. 5892 12, o142 13, 8049 em 16, 1764 17. 31 18, 2658 8. 2175 20. 4875 “ 19.2 @ 8 21. 26. 3685 7566 22, 27. tas 5808 23. 7921 28. 7220 Problem Set4(t Problem Set 3 (f)— Page 49 -° | 7.0 at 1. 960 2. 840 3. 9500 4, 9660 5. 2175 6. Nu 1950 7. 3591 8. 1152 9. 9315 10. 3800 Problem Set 4 (¢, 11, Nu8270 12, 3480 13. 1285 1.9 28 Test Set 3 — Page 50 7.5 ag 1. (@) 210 () 16 (14 @ 15 (e) 14 Problem Set 4 (d) 13 ° (h) 10 wo ° 2 1.12 24 2. (a) 24 @) 0 (c) 89 @t a | 3. (a) 650 () 7900 13.111 14, 4. (a) 6786 (b) 6552 (c) 9729 19.302 20, 24 . Problem Set 4 (e): (a) 9450 (b) 9240 (c) 2400 (@) 8700 (e) 9200 C} 1. Quot. 7, Rem.2 6. Nu630 7, Nu7200 8 8150 4. Quot. 22, Rem. 7. Quot. 320, Rem 9.770 10. (a) repeated (b) 0 1 (d) two zeros (e) same 10. Quot. 312, Rem Problem Set 4 (a) — Page 53 Problem Set 4 (f) = 1. @ 1 )7 5 @ 6 @e 1. Quot. 4, Rem.2 2s we jn w? 4, Quot. 15, Rem.4 3. (@) 3046=5;30+5=6 (b) 15+5=3; 1543=5 % 7. Quot. 65, Rem. 0 (0) 56+7=856+8 (d) 128 + 92 = 4;128 +4 =32 85+ JO. Quot. 124, Pom. (©) 85+17= 17 (f) 64+ 8 =8; (one division fact) 1824. (a) 9x9 =81 (b) 20x2=40 () 11x7=77 (@) 16x4=64 (©) 6x8=48 () 18x1=16 @)7x7=49 (hy 6x9=54 () 9x8=27 (a) 24 5 4 @s 5 (@) 6 7 (15 Problem Set 4 (b) — Page 55 24 a5 as a1 Problem Set 4 (c) — Page 55 Problem Set 4 (d) — Page 58 1 2 3.21 4. 213 7.923 © 8 1009, 20110, 423 13.111 14, 12815. 11216, 210 19.902 20. 212 Problem Set 4 (e) — Page 59 1. Quot.7,Rem.2 2, Quot. 5, Rem. 7 3. Quot. 7, Rem. 3 4. Quot, 22,Rem.1° 5, Quot. 20, Rem.2 6. Quot. 21, Rem. 2 7. Quot.$20,Rem.1 8. Quot.120,Rem.3 9, Quot. 111, Rem. 1 10. Quot. 312, Rem. 2 Problem Set 4 (f) — Page 61 1. Quot. 4, Rem. 2 2. Quot. 12, Rem. 1 3. Quot. 12, Rem. 3 4. Quot.15,Rem.4 5, Quot. 13, Rem. 2 6. Quot. 12, Rem. 0 7, Quot. 65,Rem.0 8. Quot.186,Rem.1 9, Quot. 116, Rem. 2 10. Quot. 124,Rem.1 11. Quot.83,Rem.3 12. Quot. 109, Rem. 4 183“13. Quot. 118,Rem.5 — 14. Quot. 112, Rem. 3 16. Quot. 73,RRem.1 17. Quot. 120, Rem. 7 19, Quot. 88, Rem.7 20. Quot. 98, Rem. 5 22. Quot.150,Rem.0 23, Quot. 122, Rem. 2 25, Quot. 63,Rem.2 26. Quot. 121, Rem. 2 28. Quot. 114, Rem. 6 Problem Set 4 (g) — Page 62 4. Quot. 7, Rem. 5 2. Quot. 9, Rem. 4 4, Quot.51,Rem.4 5. Quot. 90, Rem. 3 7. Quot.78,Rem.9 8. Quot. 80, Rem. 7 10. Quot. 52, RRem.3 11, Quot. 61, Rem. 9 Problem Set 4 (h) — Page 63 1.Nu50 2 Nu6s 3, & 7.Nus4 8. 72 9. 84 4444 5. 10. 147,Nu3 Test Set 4— Page 63 1. Quot. 5, Rem. 1 2 (a) 63+9=7, 63+ 3 (@) 26 ©) 1 0 @ 0 @ 13 9 8 @ 12 = (@) Quot. 145, Rem. 1 @ Quot. 74, Rem. 6 (b) Quot. 70, Rem. 3 (©) Quot. 90, Rem. 1 @+ w+ © + @ « (= @ = We (i) x 7. Incorrect 8 102,Nu1 9. 125,4 (b) 72+8=9,72+9=8 3. Quot. 93, Rem. 0 Quot, 128, Rem. 2 Quot. 159, Rem. 4 Quot. 93, Rem. 2 7. Quot. 86, Rem. 1 Quot. 10, Rem. Quot. 81, Rem. Quot. 70, Rem, Quot. 54, Rem. () 81+9=9 (©) 26 (9 10 (©) 15 (9 (©) Quot. 67, Rem. 0 (f) Quot. 108, Rem. 1 ©) x 10. (a) False; Division is a process of repeated subtraction. (&) Tue 184 (0) False (@) True Problem Set g (@ Three (@ Three (g) Fours (@) Shade (©) Shade (©) Shade © (a) Three: (d) One-ni @4 (a) Denon (c) Httells (d) Ittells (e) ‘Twob (a) 1 (a) 9 4 Oe(©) False; The division of any number by 0 has no meaning. (@ Te Problem Set 5 (a) — Page 70 A: . (a) 1 (6) Thee sevens, 2 (@ Three-ninths, 4 (9) Four-sixths, 5 3 2 (@) Shaded 5, unshaded = 2 4 (©) Shaded 5, unshaded 5 4 5 (©) Shaded 5, unshaded 5 3 wo? (@) Three-fifths (@) One-ninth (4 (a) Denominator 4 4 (6) One-half, = (6) Four-sevenths, = 8 3 (©) Eight-ninths, 5 (f) Three-sixths, 5 Oy Three-sevenths, 2 () Three-eighths,2 3 3 (b) Shaded 5, unshaded 5 ei 5 (@) Shaded 5, unshaded 5 os os @? é (b) Four-sevenths (©) Seven-ninths we (b) Numerator (©) Sixtenths (c) Ittells us that one whole has been divided into 3 equal parts. Ittells us that two parts out of three equal parts have been taken. (©) ‘Two by three’ or Two over three’ w 3 ) 8 6 OF () 5 @4 @s @3 ()7 (e) 4 oz1.p2 2.-@) Problem Set 5 (c) — Page 78 a i 5 2) Blo AI 5 a5 (b) Problem Set 5 (b) — Page 74 eee 10' 18 3. These fractions could be: 46 23 ®a6 tu) 4 @) 0 12 14" 5 21 18 7) 36 5) pg (b) (9) (b) 14 (g) 9 (b) 14°21 10,15 16' 24 13 515 Problem Set 5 (d) — Page 83 1 @ 2. @ 1] 3. @) 4. @ a = & > (b) < (g) > Problem Set §( 3 13 5 OF 4 ot 0% Bid e 8 Ew 2 (©) No 2 ots ox 2 (h) Yes, 3 5. @7 10 15 z © aa 6. = Problem Set §(f) 69 8B 12 46 Omg Ope gs . 14.21 13 6 9 a On Fs Om 18 4 3 5 3. @ 4 4 15 42 4. (a) 2 O35 5) oF () < 8 5. (a) — © > @< (> Oy th) > o< OF os 6. (5 1 149 135 a. Opti Vres iProblem Set 5 (e) — Page 86 iz (b) 7 OF Oy Nila als ola ala (©) 6 7. Nino 3 &“Test Set 5 — Page 90 1 23 1. (a) gi Nt, D6 () 6 (©) 4 (d) D8 8 2. @) 45°30 3. (@) > (0) > ()< @) < 56 8 9 10' 10’ 10° 10 7642 Ey svelte 7 13 7 " 6. (@) a5 ©) oy © a5 @ a9 5 " 7. @ og ©) 0 © oy 8 10 3 5 8. @) oF ©) oF © to @) 35 6 3 9s 0. ¢ 11.8 42. 10 13, (a) five (b) equivalent (c) equivalent fraction Problem Set 6 (a) — Page 94 4. (a) cone (b) cube (c) cylinder (d) cuboid 2, Cubes 3, cuboids 8, cylinders 9, spheres 8, cones 8 Problem Set 6b) — Page 98 2. Cube - 6, 12, 8, 6, nil Cuboid - 6, 12, 8, 6, nil Cynder = 8,2, nil, 2,4 Sphere - 1, nil nil, nil, 4 Gone = 2,444, 4 3.(a) and (@) 4, All the faces of the cube are equal 5. (a) sphere —(b) cylinder 6. (@) sphere) cone (6) eylinder Problem Set 6 (c)— Page 101 2. (a) R (bo) (Ss @) T @R (hy) © ae Os 188 @< > 22 24 OF 10 9 Om We (d) smaller (e) sphere es () T wT war 8. Squares 4,| 5. (a) 4 Problem Set | 1. Five, P, | 2. (a) DC, AB 3. AB, BC, Gl Problem Set6 ( 1. (@) 8m | 2. (a) AB=B (©) KL=86 Problem Set 6(1 1. (@) 166m 2. 20.em “Problem Set 6(¢ 1. (@) 158qem (©) 38 sqem 2. (a) 625eqer (©) 64sqm_ 3.6sqm Test Sets — Page 1.6 | 7. Ina square, alll 8. Triangle 10. (@) 3,2 14. (@) False (1) False | (k) False) Problem Set7 (a)= 1. (2) Nuo90 ( Nu60075 2. (a) sorbet |3. Squares 4, Rectangles 8, Triangles 21, Circles 10, 5. (a) 4 03 (© equal (@) triangle Problem Set 6 (d)— Page 104 1. Five, P, Q RS, T 2. (a) DC, AB, DA, CB (b)PQ, QR, PR(c) PN, LM, PL, NM 3. AB, BC, CD, DE, EF, FA, FC, GH; A, B, C, D, E, F, G, P, H Problem Set 6 (e) — Page 106 1. (em —b) 3em_—() Bem_—). SM 2. (a) AB=BC=CD=DA=3cm (0) PQ = SR = dom; SP = RQ = Som (©) KL = Som, LM =5 cm, KM = 4.0m Problem Set 6 (f) — Page 108 1. @ 16cm (0) 18cm _—() 160m @) 10m 2. 20 em 3 19cm 4 71m Problem Set 6 (g)— Page 111 1. (@ 15sqom (0) 96 sqm (©) 500sqcm (@) 128sqm (@) 36 sq.om (108 sqm 2. (a) 625sqom —(b) 1849 sqem (e) 196 sqm (@) 256 sqm (©) 64sqm () 144 8q em 3. 6 sqm 4, 60,000.sqm 5. 3,600 sqm Test Set 6 —Page 111 1.6 2. Nil 3. Yes 4. No 54 64 7. Ina square, al the sides are equal; In a rectangle, only the opposite sides are equal 8. Triangle 9.10 10. (a) 3,2 &) 338 © 43 12. Three times 13. 60cm 14. (a) False (b) True (c) True (@) False * (e) True (1) False @) Tue —(h) True (i) Tue (i) False (k) False) Tue (mm) False. (n) True (0) False Problem Set 7 (a)— Page 114 1. (@ Nu0.90 (b) Nu2.02 (c) Nuo.75 (d) Nu6.08 (e) Nu80.50 (f) Nu600.75 (g) Nu3.85 (h) Nu 100.00 (i) Nu79.63 (j) Nu759.10 2. (a) 80chhertum (0) Schhertum 189% iB a 6 10. rt (6) 16ngultrum 16 chhertum (d) 27 ngultrum 15 chhertum (©) 20ngultrum 8 chhertum —(f) 10 ngultrum 70 chhertum (g) 100 ngultrum 5 chhertum —(h) 95 ngultrum 90 chhertum_ (i) 29ngultrum 75 chhertum (i) 18 ngultrum 72 chhertum (®) 66ngultrum 6 chhertum (1) 555 ngultrum 55 chhertum (@) Ngultrum Twelve and chhertum six (b) Ngultrum seventy-three and chhertum twenty (6) Ngultrum five hundred forty and chhertum five (@) Chhertum eight (©) Ngultrum sixty-four and chhertum eighty () Ngultrum two hundred thirty-one and chhertum fifty (0) Nu5.75; Ngultrum five and chhertum seventy-five (©) Nu2; Ngultrum two (@ Nu 250; Ngultrum two hundred fity (©) Nu220; Ngultrum two hundred twenty (f) Nu 160; Ngultrum one hundred sixty Problem Set 7 (b) — Page 116 (a) 907 chhertum (0) 716chhertum (6) 1208 chhertum (@) 6400 chhertum (©) 9750chhertum (f) 50chhertum (9) 100chhertum (h) 6287 chhertum (i) 10000 chhertum (@) 2ngultrum 67 chhertum ——_(b) 3 ngultrum 62 chhertum (c) 9ngultrum 29 chhertum —(d) 7 ngultrum 6 chhertum (e) Ingultrum 90 chhertum —_(f). 7 ngultrum 38 chhertum (g) Sngultrum 16 chhertum ——_(h) 20 ngultrum 13 chhertum (i) 51 ngultrum 42 chhertum i) 60 ngultrum 60 chhertum (K) 54 ngultrum 73 chhertum (1) 70 ngultrum Problem Set 7 (c)— Page 118 (@) Nu177.55 —(b) Nu777.00 (©) Nué7.30 (@) Nu 129.43 (e) Nuts2.66 —(f) Nu259.99 (@) Nuss4.e5 (h) Nu151.50 Nu 83.25 3, Nu51.90 4. Nuz2.25 5. Nu266 Nu255.45 7. Nu785.00 8. Nu4ie.co 9. Nu76.85 Nu116.12 Problem Set 7 (d) — Page 120 (@) Nu13.08 — (b) Nu25.95 (ce) Nu84.69 (a) Nu75.24 _(e) Nu67.06. () Nu25.03 (g) Nu14.93 —(h) Nu2.s0 190 (i) Nu296 —(j) Nu47.91 2. (a) Nug.s6 () Nug.92 3. Nu 4.5 7. Nu 45, Problem Set7 (@) 1. Nu 1875 5.Nu 626.40 Test Set7—Pag 1. (@) Nuos (©) NuB.00. 2. (a) Scher 3. (@) Chhertum (b) Ngultrum (©) Ngultrum (@) Chhertum (©) Ngultrum (9 Nguttum| 4. (@) 7Ochhert 8. (a) 54 ngultr 6. (a) Nu2.50 () Nu2.50 7. Nu77.70 Problem Set 8 (a)- 1. (a) Contimetr (e) Metre 2. (a) 9000m () 4380m 3. (a) 10000m () 8508 em 4. (a) 18m en (©) 38 mé2ar 5. (a) 1221 (f) 80732. (a) NuB16 —(b) Nu4s.66— (c) Nu13.29 (d) NU545—(@) Nug.21 () Nu4.o2 (g) Nu17.46 —(h) Nuas4.64 (i) Nu5.35.—(j) Nuag.ss 3.Nu 4.55 4.Nu1e43 5. Nu126.40 6, Nu162.25 7.Nu45 8.Nu75.15 9, Nus40 10. Nu11.26 Problem Set 7 (e)— Page 122 1. Nu 1875 2,Nus7.75 3. Nu240 4, Nu93.60 5.Nu 526.40 6. Nu 1076.70 Test Set 7 — Page 122 1. (@) Nuo.0s — (b) Nuo.B0 (ce) Nu8.08 (a) Nu8.60 (e) Nu8.00 —(f) Nu80.80 (@) chhertum —(b) 7 ngultrum 70 chhertum (6) 987 ngultrum 27 chhertum (@) Chhertum two (&) Ngultrum twenty-seven and chhertum seventeen (6) Ngultrum eight hundred seventeen and chhertum eighty-nine (@) Chhertum seventeen (©) Ngultrum five and chhertum six (f) Ngultrum fifteen and chhertum thirty-seven (a) 70chhertum — (b) 8700chhertum ——_(c) 7932 chhertum (@) 54ngultrum 7 chhertum (b) 72ngultrum35chhertum — (c) 8Ongultrum . (a) Nu2.50 (b) Nut.75 (c) Nu2.50 (d) Nu&.75—(e) Nu1.40 ( Nui2.50 —(@) Nu5.50 7. Nu77.70 8 Nu4é.00 9, Nu56.60 Problem Set 8 (a) — Page 125 1, (@) Centimetre _(b) Centimetre (c) Kilometre (d) Metre (©) Metre (f) Kilometre (@) Metre (@) 900m 6) 5000m = (c) 7000m = (a) 1225m —(e)-6025m ( 4380m ~~ (g) 2005m ~—(h) 387m ~—(i) 8008m (@) 1000cm —(b) 2100cm —(c) 87000m ~—(d) 8325em —_(e) 7875.cm () 8508cm —(g) 9090cm —(h) 9009cm (i) 5104em (2) 18m Gem (b) 97mBem (c) BMBGem (4) 18m 560m () 98m6zcm (f) 8mtom — (g) 81 mBcm (h) 76m () 80m 80m (a) 1221 ) 3,58 (©) 8 @o (©) 3720 (f) 8073+ Problem Set 8 (b) — Page 129 1. (@) 110m690m (b) 59m 59cm (6) 361m 84cm (@) 73m 840m (©) 273 m8t.em (1) 150 m 57 em (@) 98 m521 cm (b) 57 565 em (6) 49m 483 em () 18km 17m (©) 25 km389m (f) 50 km 3. (a) 78m3cm (©) 80m 116m (©) 96 m 590m (@) 85 m97 om (@) 86 m 80cm () 11 km 125 m (@) 8 km 482m (b) 6 km (@ Bkm2tt m (i) 736 km 138m (@) 49m60m (b) 27 m38.em (©) 86 m 47 em (@) Sm57em (e) 45m 55cm () Sm65cm 5. (a) 3km64m (b) Gkm46m () 8km 108 m (@) 8km 919m (e) 30 km 832 m (f) 368 km 693 m 6. (a) 72m8cm (b) 51m 43cm (c) 19m 56cm (@ 19m25em (e) 5m47em (f) 924m (@) 1km 577m (h) 1.km 693 m (i) 1km 327m (i) 373m 7. 9km 310m |. 73m 70 em 9. 4m5em 10. 8 m 80cm 12. Sangay, by 1 km 615 m |. Wangchuk's kite, by 20 m 16 cm Test Set 8 — Page 131 4. (@ 8075m (b) 5631 m (©) 4506. om (@) 89400 (2) 8m4om —(f) 23m 750m 2. (a) 176m59cm (b) 1252m15em (c) 7km190m (d) 9kmMESm 3. (a) 39m8Scm (>) 5S9M9B8cm —_(c) 933m (@ 8km 100m 4, 99m 50cm 5. 99m95cm 6. 36.om 7. 879m 40cm a. (@) False (a) False (b) False (c) True (e) False Problem Set 9 (a) — Page 134 1. (a) Gram (b) Kilogram (c) Kilogram (@) Gram 2. (a) 90009 (b) 50009 (c) 80009 (@) 22259 (e) 98079 (9 45189 (g) 70859 (h) 50509 (i) 60069 3. (@) 4kg b) 2kg () 6kg (a) 8 kg 629.4 > (© 7kg625g —() Skg481g —(@) 7kgGOG —(h) 4 kg’E0Sg () 3k979 192 4. (a) 9023 (©) 430 Problem Set 9(b} 1. (@) 6 kg 546 (@) 9kg29g (@) 8 kg 906 2. (@) 8kg 397 (©) 12kg 79 (i) 12 kg 86 3. (@) 4kg 162 (@) 11g () 2g 428) 4. (@) 3kg 215, (©) 2 kg 888) () 604g) 5.7kg 7259 | 9. Packet A, by Test Set9— 1. (a) 60669 ~ (e) 8kg 2. (@) 9kg 3. (@) 5879 4, 5kg 1259 8. (@) Fals Problem Set 1 1. (@) 5000) (e) 8738 () 18008 2. (@) 6 (©) 8125 m1 (i) 25125m 3. (2) 5005 54. (a) 9023 (®) 9000 (a) 6,348 (©) 490 (f) 7007 Problem Set 9 (b) — Page 137 1. (@) 6kg546g (0) 9kGS2Ig —(o) BKgAIGG (@ 9kg29g —(@) 9kGgSEBG —(f) BKg 7089 (a) 8kg 906g —(h) Bkg 855g — (i) 9kg 310g (@) 8kg997g —(&) BkG1S2g —(c) 19kg 125g (A) 15kg 789 (©) 12kg 796g (1) 14kg739g9 —(g) 19kg 246g (h) SkgE74G (i) 12kg 561g (i) 11 kg 6269 (@) 4kg 162g —() 4kg 434g —(c) Akg S24 (A) BKg BBB (©) 11kg2859 (1) 4kg385q (a) 5kg.348g —(h) Skg7359 () 2kg 424g A. (a) 3kg 215g —&) Bkg 115g (0) Skgt12qg —d) 1 kg 8899 (e) 2kg 888g (i) 1kg 673g —(g) 2kg 575g —(h) 482g (i) 604g @ 7819 5. 7kg 7259 6. 4kg 3509 190g & 3kg 3509 9. Packet A, by 1 kg 410g . 3 kg 650g Test Set 9— Page 139 1. (a) 60669 (0) 70089 (0) 92859 (@) 4kg 2879 (e) 8kg 290 g 2. (a) 9kg337g —(b) Skg 207g —(o) Tkg9B1g (a) 7kg 4B4G 3. (a) 5879 () 5489 (© 1kgs209 — d) 2kg 995g 4, 5kg 1259 5. 8kg 260g 6. 960g 7.1 kg 8109 8. (a) False (0) False (©) False (@) False (e) True Problem Set 10 (a) — Page 141 1. (a) 000ml (b) 7000 mi (©) 9000 mi (@) 3524 mi (@) 8738 ml (15825 ml (@) 4027 mi (h) 23010 mi () 18008 ml - (@) 61 ) 131 (© 151 (@ 41723 mi (©) 8125 ml () 915 mi (@) 16127 ml - (bh) 2015 mI (i) 25125 mi = (@) 5005 (b) 8000 (4 (@) 406 (© 15 (1) 22022, 193“Problem Set 10 (b) — Page 144 1. (@ 181820ml —(b) 191197ml—(e) 181 (@) 80164 mi (2) 801783ml —() 231973 ml (g) 281 265 ml (h) 871149 ml () 811288 mi (@) 171469ml (by 171665 mi (c) 261991 ml (4) 361124 ml (©) 261386 ml —(f) 311351 ml —(g) 411 800m! (h) 291129 ml () 42144oml (i) 311 (@) 51556 mlb) 51286 ml 11795 ml (d) 61545 ml (e) 41558mi —(f) 51349 ml (9) 61485 mi (h) 744ml (i) 61244 ml 4. (@) 11786 ml (b) 11895 mi (9) 875m (@ 31395 ml (©) 31573ml —(f) 21504 mi (@) 191980 ml (h) 861.935 ml () 71590 mi (j) 81260 ml 5. 91825 ml 6 81540 mi 61225 ml 8. 11615 ml 9. 51825 mi ). 21760 ml Test Set 10—Page 146 1. (@) 5550 mi (b) 8090 mi (e) 4005 mi (@) 61.840 mi (©) 7136 mi , (b) 91689 mi 2. (@) 101792 mi (e) 81391 ml 111457ml — (d) 101580 mi 3. (a) 2173 mi (b) 71195 mi (©) 347ml (e) 965ml 415 ml (@) 41695 mi 4. 5. 11100 mi 6. (@) litre (b) Kilogram (0) Metre (A titre () litre (f) kilogram (9) metre (h) kilogram Problem Set 11 (a) — Page 152 1. (@) 40'clock, 4:00 (b) Quarterpast 8, 8:15 (c) Half past 6, 6:30 (@) Quarterto 87:45 (e) 30" clock, 3:00 (f) Half past 9, 9:30 (@) Quarterto 2, 1:45 —_(h) Go'clock, 6:00 (i) Quarter past 11, 11:15 Problem Set 11 (b)— Page 155, 1. (b) Sminutes past 8, 8:05 (©) 10 minutes past 5, 5:10 (@) 20 minutes past 9, 9:20 (©) 25 minutes pasi.10, 10:25 > (f) 20 minutes past 1, 1:20 (@) 10 minutes past 11, 11:10 (h) 5 minutes past 6, 6:05 (i) 25 minutes past 7, 7:25 194 Problem Set 11( 1. (b) 9:00am 2. (a) opens Problem Set11 (d 1. (@) todays (e) 291 days () 42%days 2. (@) 96hours (e) 827 hours 3. (e) $60 mina (e) 945 mina 4. (a) 420secar (©) 368 secor Test Set 11 —Pat 1. (@) 40° clock (©) Quarterp (6) Quarter 3. (@) 167 days (©) 424hours 4. (a) Itis point (©) Quarter 5.10:95 7. (@) 15 (7% Problem Set 12— 1. A(0,3), 808 2. units 3. Dis (6,5) (see 4, Rectangle 5. (2, 1) and (2, 01.) 9:00am 2. (a) opens 1. (@) 150days (e) 291 days () 42days 2. (@) 96hours (e) 27 hours 3. (a) 360 minutes (e) 945 minutes 4. (@) 420 seconds (©) 368 seconds 3. (a) 167 days (©) 424 hours 5.10:35 7. (a) 15 (e) 75 2. dunits 4, Rectangle 5. (2, 1) and (2, 0) Problem Set 11 (c) — Page 157 (©) Quarter past si (©) Quarterto three, 2:45 « (©) 10:00 a.m. (©) lunch Problem Set 11 (d)— Page 159 (&) 240 days () 289days @ 10 days (&) 168hours (f) 606 hours (b) 960 minutes (f) 2188 minutes (b) 720 seconds (f) 855 seconds Test Set 11 —Page 159 1. (@) 40° clock, 4:00 (@) 5:00 p.m. (@) 11:00 p.m. (6) closes (@) bath (©) 830days —(d) 101 days (@) 14 days (h) 28 days {k) 28 days (I) 40 days (©) 240hours (a) 204 hours (©) 1860 minutes (d) 560 minutes (c) 2700seconds (d) 185 seconds (6) 10 minutes to nine, 8:50 6:15 @ (&) 48 days (1440 minutes 4, (a) Itis pointing towards 12 (©) Quarter past eight 6. 20 minutes (b) 30 (f) 105, Problem Set 12 — Page 165 1. A(0,3),B (3,2), C.(5, 8), D (8. 6) and E (8, 0) 3. Dis (6, 5) (see the figure) 1) 20 minutes to 4, 3:40 f) 2.0' clock, 2:00 (©) 168hours (4) S04hours (@) 1500 minutes (h) 7200 seconds (b) Itis pointing towards 8 (@) Quarterto nine (co) 45 (d) 90“Problem Set 13 — Page 168 Model Paper IV = + @) 5 1. Bhutanese numerals He fa) wu b) ver (c) wee (@) eas (e) aes - (a) 7650 () eupe @ uese — 6) wea — i) Beee () suau 107.3 (a) Seventy-eight x (b) Two hundred twenty-three . «so he (6) Three hundred fitty-nine (@) Eight hundred eighty-eight Model Paper V 1. (@) 8540 (@) Eightthousand nine hundred seventy (h) Nine thousand five hundred seven (f) 380 {e) One thousand three (1) Five thousand four hundred thirty-two (i) Two thousand four hundred sixty-eight (j) Five thousand ninety-one™ 2. (a) 7903 (K) Eight thousand nine hundred sixty-three (I) Five thousand four hundred eighty-one 7. 21232 ml Model Paper |— 169 (a) 800 (0) 4873 (c) 9999 (@ 710 (e) 9023 (1) 47 (9) 2589 (h) 2750 (i) 100 (i) 2790 - (a) 9718 (b) 6647 . (a) Seventhousandeighty-eight _(b) 9740 6080 passengers 5. Nu96.87 6. 9km249m 7. BES ml Mio) 19) 8) 5g a9 Y a 9, Q=833,R=1 Model Paper Il — 170 1. (a) 900 (b) 4999 (c) 1000 (@) 5465 (e) 5031 () 2250 * (g) 35.49 (16 (i) 2/8 (i) 250 > 2. (a) 9099 (b) 6040 ~~ 3, a) Five thousand seventy (b) 1079 4, Nu6S7 5. 8681 6. (a) 1111406 ml (b) 64kg87g 7. 26m75om 7 aw ma asteaner Model Paper il — 171 1. (a) 500 (b) 9900 (©) 7,683 @1 () 6 4 (9) 8m4em —(h) 15 (eo (j) 689 2. (a) 9874 (b) 8080 3. 9364, 7454, 5873, 5437, 4537 4. Nu325 5. 71km 6. 79cm 7. 1128hours 8. 574 km 592m 13 2 10. 5Model Paper Iv — 172 1. (@) 85 3 (f) 13 (@) 2067m 2. (a) 7650 (0) e910 9. 432 hours 10. 170m Model Paper V— 173 1. (@) 8540 ) 17 (f) 380 (9) @ 2. (a) 7903 (b) 8540 22 7. 21232 mi az (©) 12 (h) four 3. Nu 14.80 we (c) 10 (h) 5 3, 8323 9. 167 days (a) 25009 (i) 24 4, 7082 8. 8km 765 m (6) 1 km 248 m (i) Nut.60 4. 107.1 10. Nu967.5 (e) 90 () 41941 mt 5. 36 m 42 cm (e) 72 (j) 15 6 10 km 45 m