1

8.
?

2

1.

8.1
8.2
8.3
8.4
8.5

8.1

8.1 (Iron Loss or Core Loss)

2


(Hysteresis Loss)

(Eddy Current Loss)





(I2R)

8.2

8.2 (Copper Loss)

I12R1 + I22R2 =
I12R01 =
I22R02
8.3

8.3
8.1
20 kVA 2,200 V. 60 Hz
() 148
4.2 220 ()
360 10.5 86
1)
2)
3)
4)
5) = 0.8

1) = 148
2) = 360
3) ( 2,200 )
R01 =
Psc/I2sc
-

=
360/(10.5)2
=
3.26
R01 ( 220 )
R02 =
R01/a2
a
=
V1/V2
=
2,200/220
=
10/1
R02 =
3.26/(10)2
=
0.0326
Z01 =
Vsc/Isc
=
86/10.5
=
8.19
4)
X01

2 01 2 01

=
(8.19)2 (3.26)2
=
7.51
X01
X02 =
X01/a2
=
7.51/(10)2
=
0.0751
5) = 0.8

2 2
2

x100

I2Z02 =
I2R02cos 2 + I2 X02 sin 2
I2
=
20 x 1,000 / 220
=
91
I2Z02 =
(91x0.0326 x 0.8) + (91 x 0.0751 x 0.6)
=
2.37 + 4.1
=
6.47
E2
=

=
220 + 6.47
=
226.47

226.47220
220

x100 %

2.94 %

8.4

8.4 (Efficiency of Transformer)

( ) ( Output power
(P0)) (Input power (Pi))

=

=
(

+
Total loss)

+ +

= 1

8.2
25 kVA 1,100 /400 V. 1
3,580 400
1) 100
2) 100

1) =
1.0
=
kVA x p.f.
=
25 x 1.0
=
25

=
350
-

2) half load

400

251,000

251,000 +350+400

=
=
=
=
=
=

97.08
() x25 x 1.0
12.5
350
() 2 x 400

100

12.51,000

100 %

12.51,000 +350+100

100 %

96.50

8.3
1 500 kVA 4,400/500
98.13 0.8
2,500

98.13 %

x100%

98.13

x100%

x100%

500 x1,000x0.8 + + =
400,000 + 2,500 + copper loss =

400,000

x100 - 402,500
407,622.54 402,500
5,122.54

=
=
=

98.13
400,000

5001,0000.8
98.13

x100%

x100%

98.13

8.5

8.5 (All day Efficiency)

=

()
()

x 100 %

8.5
100 kVA 3kW
( +)
3 4

=
1

=
3 kW

=
3/2
=
1.5 kW
(24 )
24 =
1.5 x 24 kWh
=
36 kWh

=
3/2
=
1.5 kW
3
=
1.5 x3
=
4.5 kWh

=
1/4 x 1.5 kWh
(I2)

=
x 1.5 x 4 kWh
=
1.5 kWh

=
36 +4.5 +1.5
=
42 kWh

=
(100x3)+(100/2 x4) kWh
-

500 kWh

=
=

500
500+42

x100%

92.25 %

8.6
50 kVA 94

1)
10

2) 25 % 6

3)
5

4)
3

=
1

=
50 x1
=
50 kW

=
94 %

=
50/0.94 kW
=
53.2 kW

=
53.2 -50 kW
=
3.2 kW
=

=
3.2/2
=
1.6 kw

=
1.6 kw
24
=
1.6 x24 kWh
=
38.4 kWh
=
1.6 kWh
25 %
=
(1/4)2 x 1.6
=
0.1 kWh
-

25 % 6
=
0.1 x 6
=
0.6kWh
5
=
(1/2)2x1.6x5
=
2kWh
5
=
(1/2)2x1.6x5
=
2 kWh
3
=
1.6x3
=
4.8 kWh
=
0.6 +2 +4.8
=
7.4 kWh

=
7.4 +38.4
=
46.8 kWh
24
=
(25 x50 x6)+(50x50x5) +(100x50x3)
=
75 +125+150
=
350 kWh
24
=
350 +46.8
=
396.8 kWh

=
=
=

x 100%

350

x100%
88.20 %

396.8

. . : , 2527.
. . . : , 2543.
. . : , 2546.
. . : , 2536.
. . : , 2547.