Whistle Blowing Legal protection for whistle blowing varies from country to country and may depend on any

of the country of the original activity, where and how secrets were revealed, and how they eventually became published or publicized. Over a dozen countries have now adopted comprehensive whistleblower protection laws which create mechanisms for reporting, investigate reports, and provide legal protections to the people who informed them.

Whistle blower in Malaysia1 A "whistleblower" generally refers to a person who informs someone in authority or the public about information which he reasonably believes discloses a dishonest, wrongful or illegal activity. Such persons generally will whistle blow to someone in authority that can look into and address the concern. In this context, any person who whistle blows to the Securities Commission ("SC") are provided with the protection of confidentiality of their identity and the information they disclose to the SC, under the provisions of the Securities Commission Act 1993. Certain categories of persons are entitled to additional protection under the Capital Markets and Services Act 2007 ("CMSA"). They are: 1) Auditors a. Section 128 CMSA b. Section 320 CMSA 2) CEO, officer responsible for the preparation and approval of financial statements or financial information, internal auditor or secretary of a listed corporation Section 321 CMSA In addition, any person who discloses any improper conduct (i.e. criminal or disciplinary offence) to any enforcement agency as defined under the Whistleblower Protection Act 2010 ("WPA") may be conferred with whistleblower protection under the WPA. The WPA does not override the protection provided under the securities laws. All protection provided by the current provisions under the securities laws remain available. (Securities Commission Malaysia)

Securities Commission Malaysia, http://www.sc.com.my

Velasquez (1988) stated that before blowing the whistle, individuals should consider the following factors:1. How comprehensive is the workers knowledge of the situation? Is the workers information accurate and substantiated? 2. What exactly, sre the unethical practices involved? Why are these unethical? What public values do these practices harm? 3. How substantial and irreversible are the effect of these practices? Are there any compensating public benefits that justify the practices? 4. What is the employees obligation to bring such practices to an end? Can the employee do more to end the practices by working within the organisation or by going outside? What probable effects will either alternative have on the companys practices? On society? On the firm? On other organizations? On the employee? The term whistle-blower comes from the whistle a referee uses to indicate an illegal or foul play. US civic activist Ralph Nader coined the phrase in the early 1970s to avoid the negative connotations found in other words such as "informers" and "snitches". Internal whistle blowing is a term used for the disclosure or allegation of inappropriate conduct is made to someone within the organization or system. Generally, one believes an investigation will follow and a sanction will be imposed. For example, students said to blow the whistle on fellow students whom they see cheating on exams. Personal whistle blowing is, in general, morally permitted but not morally required, unless other aspects of the case show that there is immediate danger to others. For example, someone who reports sexual harassment is also said to blow the whistle on the defender. This is often because simply speaking to the person has no effect. The charge is about an offense not against the organization or systems but against oneself. Impersonal whistle blowing have the same meaning with personal whistle blowing but the potential or actual injury is to others or to the organization rather than to oneself. Governmental whistle blowing sometimes refers to government employees who divulge to a governmental regulatory or investigate bureau unethical practices in their division or office. In addition, governmental whistle blowing also refers to reporting such things as cost overruns to congressional committees or to the media.

And sometimes refers to leaks by government employees to the media. Non-governmental WB??? (De George, 2006)

Bibliography
De George, R. T. (2006). Whistle Blowing. In Business ethics (4th ed.) (pp. 221-242). New York: Prentice Hall. Securities Commission Malaysia. (n.d.). Retrieved from Securities Commission Malaysia: http://www.sc.com.my Velasquez, M. G. (1988). In M. G. Velasquez, Business ethics concepts and cases (2nd ed.) (pp. 380-382). New Jersey: Prentice Hall.