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XXX Trisomi
XXX Trisomi
XXX Trisomi
Triple X syndrome is an abnormality of the chromosomes that affects about one in 1,000 females. Females normally have two X chromosomes, one from each parent. In triple X syndrome, a female has three X chromosomes hence, the name. Triple X syndrome isn't inherited. It usually results from a mistake in the formation of a mother's egg cell or a father's sperm cell. Sometimes, triple X syndrome occurs as a result of an error early in the embryo's development. If your daughter has triple X syndrome, know that many cases result in no symptoms or only mild symptoms. In other cases, symptoms may be more pronounced possibly including developmental delays. Treatment for triple X syndrome depends on which symptoms your daughter exhibits and their severity.
Symptoms
Triple X syndrome usually doesn't cause any signs or symptoms. If symptoms do appear, they may include:
Tall stature Small head (microcephaly) Vertical skinfolds that may cover the inner corners of the eyes (epicanthal folds) Delayed development of certain motor skills, speech and language Learning disabilities, such as dyslexia Infertility (rare)
When to see a doctor See your doctor if you have any concerns about your daughter's developmental progress. Your doctor can help determine what may be the cause and suggest appropriate action.
Causes
Most people have 46 chromosomes, occurring in 23 pairs. These chromosomes contain genes, which contain instructions that determine everything from your height to your eye color. One of these chromosome pairs determines your sex. You receive one sex chromosome from your mother and another from your father. Your mother can give you only an X chromosome, but your father can pass on an X or a Y chromosome. If you receive an X chromosome from your father, the XX pair makes you genetically a female. If you receive a Y chromosome from your father, then your XY pair means you're genetically a male. Females with triple X syndrome have a third X chromosome. The condition isn't inherited. Instead, what usually happens is that either the mother's egg cell or the father's sperm cell has not formed correctly, resulting in an extra X chromosome. This random error in egg or sperm cell division is called nondisjunction. Occasionally, the extra chromosome doesn't appear until early in the development of the embryo. If this is the case, then the female is said to have the mosaic form of triple X syndrome. The degree to which triple X syndrome causes symptoms in a female depends in part on how many of the body's cells have the extra X chromosome. When the cause is a malformed egg cell or sperm cell, as is usually the case, all the body's cells have the extra chromosome. In the mosaic form, only some of the body's cells have the third X chromosome.
Triple X syndrome is also called trisomy X, triplo X syndrome and XXX syndrome. It's also referred to as 47,XXX syndrome because of the existence of a 47th chromosome, which is the extra X chromosome.
Complications
It's possible that learning disabilities or delayed development could eventually lead to a variety of other issues, including academic problems, stress and poor socialization skills that cause social isolation. It's important that you start taking care of these problems right away if they appear, just as you would with any learning or social problem. Talk to your doctor for treatment options and suggestions.