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Thevenin and Norton Equivalent Circuits: ECE 205 Prof. Ali Keyhani
Thevenin and Norton Equivalent Circuits: ECE 205 Prof. Ali Keyhani
ECE 205
Prof. Ali Keyhani
Equivalent Circuits
• A two terminal interface:
Equivalency Conditions
• In order to find the equivalency conditions the i-v
relationship of two circuits should be compared
• Thevenin Circuit:
KVL : v = vT − iRT
• Norton Circuit:
v
KCL : i = iN −
RN
→ v = iN RN − iRN
Equivalency Conditions
• Norton and Thevenin circuits have the same i-v
relationship, therefore:
R N = RT
i N R N = vT
vT = vOC
i N = i SC
vOC
R N = RT =
i SC
Example 1
Find the load resistance to have a load voltage
of 3V.
Example 1
Solution: The Thevenin equivalent circuit is found to simplify the
circuit at the interface.
10
voltage division : vT = vOC = × 15 = 10 V
10 + 5
To find the short circuit current first the equivalent resistance of the circuit is
found to be able to calculate the input current.
1
R EQ = 5 + = 11Ω
1 1
+
10 15
15 10
ix = = 1.36 A i N = i SC = × i x = 0.545 A
11 10 + 15
v
RT = OC = 18.3Ω
i SC
Example 1
The resulting Thevenin equivalent circuit:
RL RL
× vT = × 10 = 3 V ⇒ RL = 7.84 Ω
RL + RT RL + 18.3
Example 2