10th Diesel Engine Emissions Reduction Conference Coronado, CA (USA) August 29th September 2, 2004

The Diesel Engine Powering Light Duty Vehicles Today and Tomorrow
K.-P. Schindler Volkswagen AG, Wolfsburg, Germany

Outline Introduction: Why do we need the diesel? Diesel technology: Examples Legislation Future solutions Future fuel strategy Conclusion

Modern diesel-powered light-duty vehicles

Environmental driving forces of vehicle development

Importance
Energy

Greenhouse effect CO2 Exhaust gas emissions CO, NOx, HC, PM

1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025

Modern diesel-powered light-duty vehicles

Why do we need Diesel engines?

The modern TDI engine is ....

powerful
economical ecological future-oriented

Modern diesel-powered light-duty vehicles

The modern TDI engine is

powerful because it is a mature high-tech product with

high traction power

high elasticity

and impressing with its speed

acceleration

handling comfort

Modern diesel-powered light-duty vehicles

The TDI is powerful

600
Touareg V10 5.0L TDI

350 300 250 200

Touareg V8 4.2L

Touareg

500 400 300 200 100 0

Torque [lb*ft]

150 100 50

1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 [rpm]

Modern diesel-powered light-duty vehicles

Power [hp]

The TDI is powerful

250 Diesel 2.0L TDI 150

Passat
200 Torque [lb*ft] 120 Power [hp]

150 Gasoline 2.0L

90

100

60

50

30

1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 [rpm]

Modern diesel-powered light-duty vehicles

The TDI is powerful

Gasoline 2.0L Diesel 2.0L TDI Max. Power 130 hp (96 kW) 200 @ 5700 rpm
Torque [lb*ft] 250

Diesel 2.0L150 TDI 130 hp (96 kW) 120 @ 4000rpm

Power [hp]

Passat

Max. Torque 150 Max. Speed 100 Acceleration 0-62 50 mph

144 lb*ft (195 Nm) @ 3300 rpm

228 lb*ft (310 Nm) 90 @ 1900rpm

131 Gasoline mph 2.0L 130 mph (210 km/h) (208 km/h) 60 9.9 s 9.9 s
30

Elasticity 13.5 s 11.5 s 50-75 mph 0 0 Mileage 30 mpg 42 mpg 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 [rpm]

Modern diesel-powered light-duty vehicles

The modern TDI engine is

economical because of
low fuel consumption extreme durability

Modern diesel-powered light-duty vehicles

The TDI is economical

European Cycle: 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 Diesel 100 hp Gasoline 102 hp 35.6 -42% 20.6 54.7 46.1 37.3 29.0 -32% urban extraurban total Jetta

highest advantage of fuel consumption in cities

Modern diesel-powered light-duty vehicles

The TDI is economical

European Cycle: 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 Diesel 100 hp Gasoline 102 hp 30.5 52.3 42.0 -33% 20.5 39.2 29.4 urban extraurban total Mileage [mpg] -25% Passat

highest advantage of fuel consumption in cities

Modern diesel-powered light-duty vehicles

The modern TDI engine is

Ecological
because it saves the resources worldwide due to its outstanding fuel economy it enables low environmental pollution it contributes very little to greenhouse relevant gases the particulate emissions have been reduced by over 90% since 1988

Modern diesel-powered light-duty vehicles

The TDI is ecological

g CO2/km 0.6 13.8 224.9 4.7 5.3 8.5 0.1 4.6

32%
169.5 3.9 2.9 7.0

CO2 Emissions / Greenhouse Potential

N2O 192.0 151.0 CH4 Fuel distribution Fuel production Exploration & delivery Fuel consumption Gasoline Passat 96 kW Diesel Passat 96 kW

Modern diesel-powered light-duty vehicles

Why do customers in Europe purchase Diesel engine vehicles?

TDI technology closed the gap to the gasoline engine on

Performance

Noise Emissions

TDI has increased fuel economy/reduced CO2 emissions dramatically TDI provides lower operating costs

Modern diesel-powered light-duty vehicles

Conclusion
Modern TDI Diesel technology has come a long way since the old diesel engines of the past The modern TDI Diesel engine is not only powerful but also very economical In Europe a major progress in lowering the exhaust gas emissions has taken place

We are convinced that the TDI is a solution for future powertrains for light duty vehicles

Modern diesel-powered light-duty vehicles

Outline
Introduction: Why do we need the diesel? Diesel technology: Examples

Modern diesel-powered light-duty vehicles

First Diesel Engine for the Golf I 1976 and latest Diesel Engine for the Golf V 2003
Cylinder number: Displacement: Power: Rotational speed: Maximum torque: Maximum speed: 0-100 km/h: Consumption: Car weight: 4 1.5L 50 HP 5000 rpm 62 lb*ft (84 Nm) 87 mph 18 sec 36.2 mpg 780 kg 4 2.0L 140 HP 4200 rpm 236 lb*ft (320 Nm) 126 mph 9.3 sec 42.8 mpg 1400 kg

Modern diesel-powered light-duty vehicles

The first "3 l" vehicle in production (1999)

VW Lupo 3L TDI the first 3 liter/100km = 78 mpg car in production
1.2 L TDI engine with unit injector 61 hp (45 kW) 78 mpg (2.99 L/100km) Euro 4 (2005) emission standard

Modern diesel-powered light-duty vehicles

The first " 1 l" Car Demonstration of Feasibility (2001)

0.3 l SDI 1cyl. 6,3 kW (8,6 hp) 0,99 l/100 km (235 mpg) Euro 4 limits

Modern diesel-powered light-duty vehicles

V10 TDI: Strongest Diesel in Production

230 kW 750 Nm

Modern diesel-powered light-duty vehicles

VW Phaeton V10 TDI Strongest Diesel in Production

5.0 l TDI 10 cyl. 230 kW (313 hp) 11,4 l / 100 km (20,6 mpg)

Modern diesel-powered light-duty vehicles

Outline
Introduction: Why do we need the diesel? Diesel technology: Examples Legislation

Modern diesel-powered light-duty vehicles

Legislation requirements in EU and US Passenger cars

0.18 0.16 0.14 0.12 0.10 0.08 0.06 0.04 0.02 0 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 Tier 2 Bin5 2005 2010 ? NOx [g/mi] 1.2 1.4 2000 PM oriented legislation Tier 1 Particulates [g/mi] Tier 0 NOx oriented legislation USA EU 1996

Modern diesel-powered light-duty vehicles

TIER 2/LEV 2 emission standard for passenger cars

Modern diesel-powered light-duty vehicles

Outline
Introduction: Why do we need the diesel? Diesel technology: Examples Legislation Future solutions

Modern diesel-powered light-duty vehicles

Building blocks of diesel development

Oxidation catalytic converter Fuel

Improved internal combustion

NOx exhaust gas aftertreatment

Particulate filter

Modern diesel-powered light-duty vehicles

Unit injector in two-valve cylinder head

Modern diesel-powered light-duty vehicles

Four-valve cylinder head Simulation of intake flow, swirl axis

Modern diesel-powered light-duty vehicles

Oxidating catalytic converter principle

Modern diesel-powered light-duty vehicles

Diesel Particulate Filter - Function

Modern diesel-powered light-duty vehicles

VW exhaust aftertreatment systems

Modern diesel-powered light-duty vehicles

VW exhaust aftertreatment systems

Modern diesel-powered light-duty vehicles

VW exhaust aftertreatment systems

Modern diesel-powered light-duty vehicles

Outline
Introduction: Why do we need the diesel? Diesel technology: Examples Legislation Future solutions Future fuel strategy

Modern diesel-powered light-duty vehicles

Need for better fuel quality

... to reduce fuel consumption and exhaust gas emissions:
optimized combustion processes efficient oxidation catalytic converter particulate matter aftertreatment nitrogen oxide aftertreatment

Modern diesel-powered light-duty vehicles

Improvement of fuel quality

Future EU 2003 10 US 2003 350 US 2006 < 15

Sulphur content [ppm ] Polyaromatics content (Tri+) [mass percent ] Cetane number [-]

< 10

< 0.5 > 55

1.0 53

3.0 46

3.0 < 50

Modern diesel-powered light-duty vehicles

Volkswagens fuel strategy

Modern diesel-powered light-duty vehicles

Further development of ICE

Gasoline engine Manifold injection Direct injection wall guided
Direct in jection spray gu ided
on i t c e i nj t c e i on t i Dir n -ig o t u a Part ly ho mo g spar en k ign ition ure s s e r p Hi g h n injectio

Combined Combustion System

Prechamber

Direct injection Diesel engine

Modern diesel-powered light-duty vehicles

Outline
Introduction: Why do we need the diesel? Diesel technology: Examples Legislation Future solutions Future fuel strategy Conclusion

Modern diesel-powered light-duty vehicles

Conclusion
For the development of diesel engines we have to use leading edge technology Main focus of the diesel engine development is an optimised internal combustion system to achieve the emission standards For the LEV 2/BIN 5 limits we need:

a new combustion process an optimised aftertreatment system a high standard of fuel quality

Modern diesel-powered light-duty vehicles