Chapter #5: Colonial Society on the Eve of Revolution Big Picture Themes 1.

. The Americans were very diverse for that time period. New England was largely from English background, New York was Dutch, Pennsylvania was German, the Appalachian frontier was Scots-Irish, the southern coast African-American and English, and there were spots of French, Swiss, and Scots-Highlanders. 2. Although they came from different origins, the ethnicities were knowingly or what mingling and melting together into something called Americans. 3. Most people were farmers, an estimated 90%. The northern colonies held what little industry America had at the time: shipbuilding, iron works, rum running, trade, whaling, fishing. The south dealt with crops, slaves, and naval stores. 4. There were two main Protestant denominations: the Congregational Church up north, and the Anglican Church down south. Both were established meaning tax money went to the church. Poised for growth were the backwoods faiths of the Baptists and Methodists that grew by leaps thanks to the Great Awakening. IDENTIFICATIONS: Great Awakening The Great Awakening was a religious revival in the colonies that rekindled enthusiasm in the Church. Evangelists and Missionaries were spread and grew in numbers to preach the Gospel in the colonies. The Church in the colonies prioritized God more than anything during the early 18th century. (30-40)

George Whitfield A famous preacher in the Great Awakening most known for his powerful oratories and preaching of the Bible and other related texts. His voice was said to be heard miles away. Jonathan Edwards Considered as one of the most theologically capable man who lived in the colonies, Edwards was a pastor who was active during the Awakening. His most significant work was Sinners in the Hand of an Angry God

New Lights Old lights were the orthodox clergymen who questioned the Emotionalism and the theatrical ideals in the Awakening. New Lights were the ministers who defended the revival of the American religion. Old Lights Orthodox clergymen who were skeptical of the Great Awakening and its emotionalism and theatrics of the religious revival. Age of Reason/Enlightenment After the Great Awakening, many intellects and scientists challenged the principles of religion, and tried to explain life itself using the scientific method. This was sparked by philosophers like Locke, Voltaire, and Newton, and soon carried many Europeans and American colonists decades later to radicalize concepts.

John Peter Zenger He was a newspaper printer who was significant in 1734-35. He was involved In a legal case which came from NY, who argued the validation of the government. His newspaper assailed corruption in the government. GUIDED READING QUESTIONS: Conquest by the Cradle Know: Thirteen Original Colonies 1. What was the significance of the tremendous growth of population in Britain's North American colonies? The American colonies families boasted high birthrate in the time. There was enough resources and a decent lifestyle for colonists to expand in population. A Mingling of Races Know: Pennsylvania Dutch, Scots-Irish, Paxton Boys, Regulator Movement 2. What was the significance of large numbers of immigrants from places other than England?

The non-English immigrants included Germans Scot-Irish and Pennsylvanian Dutch and all held little to no loyalty to the English crown. However, they proved prosperous in industry and economy in the country frontier lands. The Structure of Colonial Society Know: Social Mobility 3. Assess the degree of social mobility in the colonies. Many immigrants who lived in the 18th century intermarried and cultures clashed and created a true image of the original American culture. English and its other minorities shared some ideals, but most of the time, the people were bitter from their differing lifestyle and ideals.

Makers of America: The Scots-Irish Know: The Session 4. How had the history of the Scots-Irish affected their characteristics?

Workaday America Know: Triangular Trade, Naval Stores, Molasses Act 5. Describe some of the more important occupations in the colonies. Occupations in the colonies included farming, herding, for cash crops, rural businesses, town jobs, ship building and fishing. Trade was also a large puppet for the colonial economy. Slaves from Africa, Rum to Africa, Tobacco fish lumber and flour from America, sugar from the West Indies. Horsepower and Sailpower Know: Taverns 6. What was it like to travel in early America? In colonial America, by 1700s, roads connected cities and towns but the journey was harsh. Water transport was also a constant struggle, which included bad living conditions, long trips and traffic. Taverns were on the main traveling roads, which provided bowling alleys, card games and other types of entertainment.

Dominant Denominations Know: Established Church, Anglicans, Congregationalists, Presbyterians 7. How did the denominations in America affect relations with Great Britain? The Church of England was predominantly Anglican, and many other denominations sprung up in the colonies, including Methodists and Baptists. England saw the New World living in a unorthodox direction and attempted to control the religion in the colonies. The Great Awakening Know: Jonathan Edwards, George Whitefield, Old Lights, New Lights, Baptists 8. How was the religion encompassed in the Great Awakening different from traditional religion? What was important about the difference? Figures like J. Edwards and G. Whitefield preached a more emotionalist and theatrical form, with more relativity to the colonists and Old lights were skeptical of the New Lights way of the Bible. The Church of England deemed this unorthodox indeed. Schools and Colleges Know: Latin and Greek 9. What kind of education could a young person expect in colonial times? Education was only available to boys at this time period, and they learned mostly Scripture, Latin and Greek. Some argued it was not necessary to learn the dead languages. College education came from todays Princeton and Harvard. Etc.

A Provincial Culture Know: John Trumbull, Charles Wilson Peale, Benjamin West, John Singleton Copley, Benjamin Franklin 10. Did Americans distinguish themselves in the arts during the colonial period? Explain. No. The Americans in this period of time still considered their culture and art as English. Trumbull traveled to England to learn art. Peale was famous for drawing portraits of G. Washington. West and Copley both also went to England to fulfill their education in the arts. Pioneer Presses Know: John Peter Zenger 11. Why was the jury verdict in the Zenger case important?

The juries voted not guilty to Zengers case, even though the English judges sought him as a traitor and a printer of bent-truth, and it exposed the corruption of Britain. This was a early effort of democracy. The Great Game of Politics Know: Royal Colonies, Proprietary Colonies, Self-governing Colonies, Colonial Assemblies, Power of the Purse, Town Meetings, Property Qualifications 12. How democratic was colonial America? Colonial America was not very democratic at this time, but it was much more democratic than mother England. They had some ballot freedom with choosing and electing leaders in the provinces. Chapter #6: Duel for North America Big Picture Themes 1. Two dominant cultures emerged in the 1700s in North America: (a) England controlled the Atlantic seaboard from Georgia to Maine, and (b) France controlled the area of Quebec and along the Great Lakes and down the Mississippi River. 2. New England consisted of towns made up by farmers. They cleared the land and pushed the Indians out. New France was made up of fur trading outposts. They were scattered and lived with and often worked with the Indians in the forests and streams. 3. Like cats and dogs, England and France cannot live together that close. While separated, they were fine, but the two cultures began to rub against one another in the Ohio Valley. This started the French and Indian War. 4. The French and Indian War saw the English defeat France. France was totally kicked out of North America. IDENTIFICATIONS: Samuel de Champlain Best known as the Father of New France; he was a military leader who settles into what is today Quebec. He had good relations with the local Natives, and even joined them in battle against the Iroquois.

William Pitt He was an English statesman who had served a role in the buildup to the French and Indian War. Also known as the Great Commoner. He won many glorious battles to

conquer much of New France property from the Indies, then he attacked a crucial Montreal-Quebec territory.

Pontiac American Indian chief of the Ottawa who worked with French soldiers and drove British military out of the Ohio Valley. Albany Plan of Union A proposal to synthesize unification for the 13 colonies, recommended by Franklin. It was created to create a greater power as the English was losing badly in the Seven Years War against the French and Indians. It is significant to the Colonies because it was the first form of unification in the 13.

Proclamation of 1763 A line drawn by the English Parliament so that the colonists will not wander in to the Ohio Valley, where hostile Iroquois is awaiting and preserving. Colonists saw this as England restricting their growth and expansion.

Pontiacs Rebellion Ottawa chief Pontiac orders a rebellion to drive out the English out of the Ohio Valley. The British response was a delivery of small pox infested textiles for the Indians. Paxton Boys

Frontiersman of Scot Irish from Pennsylvania as a vigilante groups to retaliate the Indians after the War. (mob)

Five Nations of the Iroquois

Five tribes in the Ohio Valley that served as a military alliance, the Five included the Quapaw, Mosopelea, Iroquois, and others. Salutary Neglect Unofficial statement from the British to avoid strict laws set by Parliament, to control the colonies better. They were set to enforce laws after the S.Y.W. French and Indian War Also known as the Seven Years War, it was a conflict between the Indians and French against the British and its American colony. Many laws were set by both orders and neither was happy. The Colonies had to obey a Proclamation of 1763, where they could not pass a line into the Indian territory. The Battle of Quebec 1759 This was a key battle in the F.A.I.W, where the English and the colonies had took Montreal from New France and ended the war, as Britain and Colonies as victorious. The peace treaty set after in Paris (63) declared a bittersweet ending for both orders. GUIDED READING QUESTIONS: France Finds a Foothold in Canada Know: Huguenots, Samuel de Champlain, New France 1. How was the colony of New France different from the British North American colonies? The New France was predominantly Catholic and had very little democratic culture, while in colonial America, the colonies had some electoral freedom in voting for governing leaders in their colony. New France Fans Out Know: Beaver, Coureurs de Bois, Voyageurs, Robert de La Salle 2. What factors led to the French settlement of New France? The French needed to have a foothold in the New World because of religious freedom and Huguenots were slaughtered in France for their Protestant views, instead of the Catholic Church. The Clash of Empires Know: Treaty of Utrecht, War of Jenkins's Ear, James Oglethorpe, Louisbourg 3. Describe the early wars between France and Britain.

France and England fought in Europe for powers sake, and sometimes over land and military dispute. But in The New World, the 2 neck to neck countries fought over land and control over the Native Americans.

George Washington Inaugurates War with France Know: Fort Duquesne, George Washington, Fort Necessity, Acadians 4. How did George Washington spark the French and Indian War? Young 21 year old G. Washington kindled the war by approaching militiamen of France that both English and French fought over the crucial Ohio Valley, which for the Virginians was important for land expansions. Global War and Colonial Disunity Know: Benjamin Franklin, Albany Plan of Union, "Join or Die" 5. What was meant by the statement, America was conquered in Germany? Britain would have fallen if it wasnt for the German reinforcement, and American would never have been this successful for the English Braddock's Blundering and Its Aftermath Know: Edward Braddock 5. What setbacks did the British suffer in the early years of the French and Indian War? The colonies lacked a sense of unity, which was a great weakness in the early phase of the War. Later, Braddock and B. Franklin unite the colonies politically and militarily. Pitt's Palms of Victory Know: William Pitt, James Wolfe, Battle of Quebec 7. What was the significance of the British victory in the French and Indian War? The British had received much of the French territory and the French had a bittersweet deal with the West Indies. The Battle of Quebec was a outstanding victory lead by Pitt, which ended the rule of New France. Restless Colonials 8. How did the French and Indian War affect the relationship between the colonies and with the mother country?

The French and Indian War ended in victory for the English and its colonies in America. However, the wrong message was sent by motherland England of the Proclamation of 1763. The colonists react maliciously and plea Parliament to take it back. Some defied. Wars Fateful Aftermath Know: Treaty of Paris, Pontiac, Daniel Boone, Proclamation of 1763 9. How did French defeat lead to westward expansion and tension with Native Americans and the British? The Iroquois had a long lasting hostility after the war, and the American colonists had tried to expand their land into their territory. The Iroquois hated the colonists.

Chapter #7: The Road to Revolution 1. Following the French and Indian War, the British crown needed money and figured the Americans could help pay for the war. 2. Also, the economic policy of mercantilism dictated that England try to keep its hard money within the British Empire. So, laws were passed to restrict American trade. 3. The taxes and regulations that followed were not received well by the Americans, notably the Stamp Act. 4. Conditions deteriorated and radical patriots brought matters to a head in events such as the Tea Party and Boston Massacre. Even though most Americans would be considered moderates at the time, the radical patriots were the ones making things happen. 5. The culmination of the patriots activities came at Lexington and Concord, when the American Revolution began. IDENTIFICATIONS Lord North Lord North was the Prime Minister of England after the F.A.I.W, and he favoured the taxes and tariffs set by Parliament for the colonists. George Grenville Grenville was the P.M of England after North and he also passed many taxes for the colonies in America. They included the Navigation Laws and the Sugar Act. He caused resentment from Americans.

Letter from a Farmer in Pennsylvania A Pennsylvanian lawyer who sent letters to the 13 colonies that despised the Townshend Acts, and untied the colonies in a similar hate. Gaspee Incident A key event that led to the Revolution, where essentially the British ordered an attack to a Rhode Island ship. Charles Townshend Sometimes known as Champagne Charlie, giving speeches properly even when drunk, He was a Parliament official that passes the Townshend Acts, where taxes were set on items like glass and textile. Baron Von Steuben A Prussian born general who served an important role as a drill sergeant that trained and clothed the nearly naked and freezing Continental Army in the Valley Forge, where they soon, under the leadership of George Washington, took the Revolutionary War and turned the tables against the seemingly omnipotent British Army and Navy. Mercantilism A system in which the colonists produce good to sell in England or Europe, and is bought for money, but the taxes still apply for the colonists, which puts the Americans at risks for poor market. "Virtual" representation A theory in which taxes were represented virtually through the act of imposing the taxes and officially proposed by officers in the colonies. The colonists hated this idea and blamed Grenville. Sons of Liberty They were extremists who spread the idea that the 13 colonies should be a separate country from Britannia. Admiralty courts Courts that focus on jurisdiction on military and maritime actions and offenses like rebels in the colonies.

Committees of Correspondence An under-the-radar government organized by Patriots during the pre-revolutionary era formed by Sam and John Adams as a response to the Gaspe incident in 1772. First Continental Congress From September 5th to October 26th, conventions of the leaders and other patriots have agreed on a revolutionary course for the sake of freedom in America. (Georgia did not partake) They were a response to the Intolerable Acts. Loyalists (Tories) Many American colonists still had a loyalty and obligation to Crown of England. They soon became to be a discriminated group in the American Revolution. Many fled to Canada, or converted in the reasonable patriot. GUIDED READING QUESTIONS: The Deep Roots of Revolution 1. Why does the author say that the American Revolution began when the first settlers stepped ashore? Many believed that the American spirit has been brewing since the beginning of British settlement in the New World. People who fled to New England and its other colonies had something against their homeland, so the spirit and culture dated back to a rebellious nature.

Mercantilism and Colonial Grievances Know: Mercantilism, Navigation Laws, Royal Veto 2. Explain the economic theory of mercantilism and the role of colonies. The American colonies would sell raw goods to be sold in England homeland to be made in to usable products for sale in the colonies. In theory, this benefits both parties economically. 3. How did Parliament enact the theory of mercantilism into policy? This was created in the mindset for the colonists to lower smuggling rates, so that both parties can make more money. However, many did not obey this because it seemed selfish for the Colonists. Hancock thrived on smugging.

The Merits and Menace of Mercantilism Know: Salutary Neglect, John Hancock, Bounties 4. In what ways did the mercantilist theory benefit the colonies? The colonists had a market in England, for example like the Virginian tobacco industry, which dominate the small tobacco industry in England. That way, most of the money that the English make can be made through the system and farmers like Virginians can benefit from monopoly. 5. What economic factors were involved in leading colonists to be displeased with the British government?

The Americans found the English policy as selfish and self-benefitting. Many Americans developed more hate for Parliament during this policy. The Stamp Tax Uproar Know: George Grenville, Sugar Act, Quartering Act, Stamp Act, Admiralty Courts, Virtual Representation 6. Why were the colonists so upset over relatively mild taxes and policies? They thought it was unfair that they had to help pay the war debt of the war that ENGLAND had started. They felt that they were treated unfairly with extra tariff.

Forced Repeal of the Stamp Act Know: Stamp Act Congress, Non- importation Agreements, Homespun, Sons of Liberty, and Declaratory Act 7. In what ways did colonists resist the Stamp Act?

The colonists ceased to buy stamped goods and newspaper. Anything that was printed demolished and the business soon dissolved. The Townshend Tea Tax and the Boston "Massacre" Know: Townshend Acts, Indirect Tax, Boston Massacre, John Adams 8. How did the Townshend Acts lead to more difficulties? The Americans decided not to accept British goods that were affected by the Townshend Acts, and eventually led into mob-related violence and public mutiny such as the Boston Tea Party. The Boston Massacre was sparked by an incident prior to the day of the event, a boy shot by redcoats. The British soldiers in the area shot and opened fire at the rebels.

The Seditious Committees of Correspondence Know: George III, Lord North, Samuel Adams, Committees of Correspondence 9. How did Committees of Correspondence work? There were local committees set up and spread by Sam Adams and letters and documents were sent to keep alive the ideal of opposing the English government. Soon, all the colonies had the power to exchange ideas and to discuss the revolution.

Tea Brewing in Boston Know: British East India Company, Boston Tea Party 10. What was the cause of the Boston Tea Party, and what was its significance? The Boston Tea Party commenced from the anger of the local Bostonians who didnt want to pay England extra money for tea and they revolted by dumping merchandise into the Bay. This demonstrated a clear desire to revoke British goods. Americans felt cheated to drink cheaper tea for a higher price. This also gave the colonists a sense of confidence that they can surely act and send a powerful message to England.

Parliament Passes the "Intolerable Acts" Know: Boston Port Act, Massachusetts Government Act, Administration of Justice Act, Quartering Act of 1774, Quebec Act 11. What was so intolerable about the Coercive (Intolerable) Acts? The Intolerable Acts was named so because they enforced the right of quartering soldiers if the British soldiers asked, you must accept. Restrictions and rules were applied to public meetings that obviously obstructed the natural rights of humans in Britain. Quebec Act followed. Bloodshed Know: First Continental Congress, Declaration of Rights, The Association, Tar and Feathers, Minute Men, Lexington and Concord 12. What was the goal of the First Continental Congress? The main goal was to try and make discuss the possibility and the responsibility of establishing an independent country known across the world. The Declaration of Independence was drafted by T. Jefferson. The Association followed, which declared a boycott on all British goods. Tarring and Feathering became a public humility for those opposed the Patriot mob. Many who did oppose were tarred and feathered. The call of an army to stand up against Britain was called.

Imperial Strength and Weakness Know: Hessians, Tories 13. What were British strengths and weaknesses at the outset of the war? Weaknesses: They did not know the land. They had traditional warfare tactics that failed against guerilla tactics that Americans used. They had very little support. Strengths: They were much more trained. They had more $$ and more soldiers. They were paid professionals that had an organized army and navy. Hessians were paid German mercs that England contracted with as support troops. Tories supported the troops.

American Pluses and Minuses Know: George Washington, Ben Franklin, Marquis de Lafayette, Continentals 14. What were the American strengths and weaknesses at the outset of the war? Weaknesses: They had little to no money. Many were commoners who had no money. We had inferior weapons. We were outnumbered. NO proper training(yet). Strengths: Support from locals. Self sustaining with supplies grown and sent nearby. WE HAD SOMETHING WORTH FIGHTING FOR. WE HAD WILLPOWER TO CARRY ON. A Thin Line of Heroes Know: Valley Forge, Baron von Steuben, Continental Army 15. What role was played by African-Americans in the Revolution? African Americans fought with the Americans and served as extra man power. Virginian governor Lord Dunmore granted freedom for slaves who fought for the Cause. Some served as cooks and guides and spies.

Chapter #8: American Secedes from the Empire Big Picture Themes 1. Nearly every advantage on paper went to Britain during the revolution. They had better troops, training, a much better navy, experienced generals, more money, better weapons and equipment. 2. The Americans had on their side heart and geography. America was very big and and ocean removed from England.

3. Perhaps due to necessity rather than plan, American employed a drawn-out strategy where the war drug on for six years. America won by constantly withdrawing to the nations interior and moving on to fight another day. 4. Meanwhile, as the war waged, the Declaration of Independence was written, signed, and approved. 5. The Treaty of Paris 1763 legitimized the new nation. IDENTIFICATIONS: Second Continental Congress There was no intention of peace. This was set up with the delegates from all 13 colonies to discuss the possibility that the Crown of England and Parliament would soon redress America and restore peace by fulfilling the general populations desires. Hessians Paid German Mercenaries who fought with the English? However most of their regiment was wiped out at a surprise guerilla by a bold assault by G. Washington and his men on Christmas Eve, in Trenton, crossing the Delaware River. Thomas Paine/Common Sense First document which declared that America should completely shut out British culture and declare the colonies as AMERICAN. (You are either with us or against us G.W. Bush) George Washington The Continental Army General, which led the colonies to a military victory to gain and prove to England that the United States of America is a separate country. He fought many battles and endured hardships from his troops, the terrain and the war itself. Marquis de Layfette He was a French General that was asked for as support to help the Continental Army to fight the English. He eventually agreed to support the Americans as naval support. Baron Von Steuban Prussian born wealthy patriot who supplied and clothed the dying and failing C. Army in the Valley Forge Winter. He also trained the army to be more uniform and soldierly as they marched out in the spring.

John Burgoyne A French general who fought with the Americans in the invasion of Saratoga. This was a key battle because with the help of B. Arnold (soon becomes traitor), they retrieve battle cannons that prove useful in latter battles. Benedict Arnold Patriot that led his men into Saratoga and raided their armory. He retrieved 2 cannons and gave it to G Washington to be used in battle. He later becomes a traitor and betrays Washington Treaty of Paris, 1783 In Paris, 3 countries send envoys to signify a peace between France and England, and also to recognize America as a separate and individual country. This was signed and all war fines were finalized. Battle of Trenton An assault led by Washington where he boldly crossed the dangerous Delaware River and raided the Hessians on Christmas Day. This gave the Americans hope and encouraged reenlistment. Battles of Lexington and Concord In these battles, the Continental Army was forced to retreat, but it was also considered a victory for the Americans because it was a sucessful approach to the pomous British Army. It took place on the 19th of April, 1775. This marked to official start of the War. Battle of Saratoga An extremely successful skirmish where American forces capture artillery from the Redcoats. Arnold lead the battle and he obtained cannons (named it Indepenence) Battle of Yorktown This was the final significant battle that signified the end of the revolution, and that British General Cornwallis surrenders to a peninsula skirmish surrounded by American troops and French Navy. Articles of Confederation A primitive form of a constitution that declared the USA as an independent and legal country of the world. Drafting commenced mid-1776, ratified 1777. In 1789, it was replaced by the Constitution of The United States of America.

GUIDED READING QUESTIONS: Congress Drafts George Washington Know: Second Continental Congress, George Washington 1. Why was George Washington chosen as general of the American army? He was chosen because of his military experience, his tall stature, and his home-province, that he was from the richest and most populous colony; Virginia.

Bunker Hill and Hessian Hirelings Know: Ethan Allen, Benedict Arnold, Fort Ticonderoga, Bunker Hill, Redcoats, Olive Branch Petition, Hessians 2. George III "slammed the door on all hope of reconciliation." How and why? King George no longer wanted to control the Colonies and instead ordered military action on the colonists. Although at the time, the colonists desired not a war. The King even hired assasins known as Hessians, or German Merc.

The Abortive Conquest of Canada Know: Richard Montgomery 3. Did the fighting go well for Americans before July of 1776? Explain. No. Morale was low and many soldiers who fought deserted the army. Battles usually ended with the C.A retreating. Thomas Paine Preaches Common Sense 4. Why was Common Sense important? It declared a clear separation of culture and government from The Parliament. Paine and the Idea of "Republicanism" Know: Republic, Natural Aristocracy 5. Why did Paine want a democratic republic? Thomas Payne believed that people and everyone should be able to lead themselves in a fair manner, where corruption is minimized. Natural Aristocrazy was an ideal that also come up, that only those capable should rule and be of power.

Jefferson's "Explanation" of Independence Know: Richard Henry Lee, Thomas Jefferson, Declaration of Independence, Natural Rights 6. What does the Declaration of Independence say? The Declaration of Independence states that USA is now an individual country, with no ties in the English government. Church and states are separate, and we are all as Americans, given natural rights, like stated in Voltaire and Lockes workds.

Patriots and Loyalists Know: Patrick Henry 7. What kinds of people were Loyalists? Loyalists were of the older generation who believed that the radical change is not of the colonies best interest. Some of them were businessmen or clergy that benefitted the economy system in the colonial America.

Makers of America: The Loyalists 8. What happened to Loyalists after the war? Most fled to Canada, or left North America completely. Even if tories returned, they wouldnt be welcome after the war. The Loyalist Exodus 9. What happened to Loyalists during the war? They supported the English, or they fled away to avoid public humiliation and damage. Some turned to see reason in the Revolution and joined to cause. Burgoyne's Blundering Invasion Know: John Burgoyne, Benedict Arnold, Saratoga, Horatio Gates 10. Why did the Americans win the battle of Saratoga? Why was it significant? The Americans won at Saratoga because of a superior military tactic that allowed the Patriots to over look and gain vantage of the British fort. This was not only a physical victory, but it gave hope to the revolutionary cause for the patriots. Revolution in Diplomacy? 11. Why did the French help America win independence?

There was a mutual dispute over England, and both thought it would be in the interest to beat England once and for all to prove themselves. The Americans also proved to France that they were a capable army. The Colonial War Becomes a Wider War Know: Armed Neutrality 12. Why was foreign aid so important to the American cause? Without foreign aid, the American cause would have died and never existed. The democracy we have today was won and worked for by people inside and outside the country. France and Spain helped because they saw a legitimate reason to fight; for glory and for a development of a new country. Blow and Counterblow Know: Nathaniel Greene, Charles Cornwallis 13. Would an American Patriot, reading news of the war in 1780, have been happy about the way the war was going? Explain. Yes. The war in 1780 was in the favor of the Continental Army. Foreign aid arrived and Britain panicked. The Land Frontier and the Sea Frontier Know: Iroquois Confederacy, Fort Stanwix, George Rogers Clarke, John Paul Jones, Privateers 14. Was frontier fighting important in the outcome of the war? Yes. Since the British had a superior navy and army, frontier was the only favor that the C.A had. In Stanwix, the land was accessible and the rebels could easy assault the Fort. With the help of Burgoyne, Jones and Clarke soon was in the upper hand of the battle. Yorktown and the Final Curtain Know: Charles Cornwallis, Yorktown 15. If the war did not end at Yorktown, then why was it important? It was a victory for America, where we were in a 2 front battle, and would have lost, but with the spirit of the desire of freedom, we came through. It would have proved to the world the British would soon lose and give up.

Peace at Paris Know: Benjamin Franklin, John Adams, John Jay, Treaty of Paris 16. What did America gain and what did it concede in the Treaty of Paris?

The UK wanted to lure the Americans into their favours for foreign trade and good relations. A 30% land expansion was to cajole the Americans to cooperate with the UK. Franklin, Adams and Jay were present in France to witness the signing of the Treaty.

A New Nation Legitimized Know: Whigs 17 Did Americans get favorable terms in the Treaty of Paris? Explain. England desired good relations and to lure us from a French alliance. Yes.

Whose Revolution? 18. Which of the interpretations of the Revolution seems most true to you? Least true? Explain. The American revolution was a perspective war, where both orders had reason and logic. However, living as a patriot to this country, I believe in the virtues of which the founding fathers of America better than the logic of the UK.